Evaluation and Management of Acquired Methemoglobinemia Associated with Topical Benzocaine Use (original) (raw)
Olson ML, McEvoy GK. Methemoglobinemia induced by local anesthetics. Am J Hosp Pharm. 1981;38(1):89–93. CASPubMed Google Scholar
Spielman FJ, Anderson JA, Terry WC. Benzocaine-induced methemoglobinemia during general anesthesia. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1984;42(11):740–3. ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Marcovitz PA, Williamson BD, Armstrong WF. Toxic methemoglobinemia caused by topical anesthetic given before transesophageal echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 1991;4(6):615–8. CASPubMed Google Scholar
Ho RT, et al. Benzocaine-induced methemoglobinemia—two case reports related to transesophageal echocardiography premedication. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther. 1998;12(3):311–2. ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Fisher MA, et al. Toxic methemoglobinemia: a rare but serious complication of transesophageal echocardiography. Can J Cardiol. 1998;14(9):1157–60. CASPubMed Google Scholar
Grauer SE, Giraud GD. Toxic methemoglobinemia after topical anesthesia for transesophageal echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 1996;9(6):874–6. ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Guerriero SE. Methemoglobinemia caused by topical benzocaine. Pharmacotherapy. 1997;17(5):1038–40. CASPubMed Google Scholar
Sachdeva R, et al. Benzocaine-induced methemoglobinemia: a potentially fatal complication of transesophageal echocardiography. Tex Heart Inst J. 2003;30(4):308–10. PubMed Google Scholar
Bernstein BM. Cyanosis following use of anesthesin; case report. Rev Gastroenterol. 1950;17(2):123. CASPubMed Google Scholar
Weiss-Smith S, et al. The FDA drug safety surveillance program: adverse event reporting trends. Arch Intern Med. 2011;171(6):591–3. ArticlePubMed Google Scholar
Kane GC, et al. Benzocaine-induced methemoglobinemia based on the Mayo Clinic experience from 28 478 transesophageal echocardiograms: incidence, outcomes, and predisposing factors. Arch Intern Med. 2007;167(18):1977–82. ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Haymond S, et al. Laboratory assessment of oxygenation in methemoglobinemia. Clin Chem. 2005;51(2):434–44. ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Umbreit J. Methemoglobin—it’s not just blue: a concise review. Am J Hematol. 2007;82(2):134–44. ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Posthumus MD, van Berkel W. Cytochrome b5 reductase deficiency, an uncommon cause of cyanosis. Neth J Med. 1994;44(4):136–40. CASPubMed Google Scholar
Ferraro-Borgida MJ, et al. Methemoglobinemia from perineal application of an anesthetic cream. Ann Emerg Med. 1996;27(6):785–8. ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Ganesan S, et al. Cytochrome P(450)-dependent toxic effects of primaquine on human erythrocytes. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2009;241(1):14–22. ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
El-Husseini A, Azarov N. Is threshold for treatment of methemoglobinemia the same for all? A case report and literature review. Am J Emerg Med. 2010;28(6):748 e5–748 e10. Google Scholar
Guertler AT, Pearce WA. A prospective evaluation of benzocaine-associated methemoglobinemia in human beings. Ann Emerg Med. 1994;24(4):626–30. ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Novaro GM, et al. Benzocaine-induced methemoglobinemia: experience from a high-volume transesophageal echocardiography laboratory. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2003;16(2):170–5. ArticlePubMed Google Scholar
Udeh C, Bittikofer J, Sum-Ping ST. Severe methemoglobinemia on reexposure to benzocaine. J Clin Anesth. 2001;13(2):128–30. ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Moore TJ, Walsh CS, Cohen MR. Reported adverse event cases of methemoglobinemia associated with benzocaine products. Arch Intern Med. 2004;164(11):1192–6. ArticlePubMed Google Scholar
Boran P, Tokuc G, Yegin Z. Methemoglobinemia due to application of prilocaine during circumcision and the effect of ascorbic acid. J Pediatr Urol. 2008;4(6):475–6. ArticlePubMed Google Scholar
Kaendler L, Dorszewski A, Daehnert I. Methaemoglobinaemia after cardiac catheterisation: a rare cause of cyanosis. Heart. 2004;90(9):e51. ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Coleman MD, Coleman NA. Drug-induced methaemoglobinaemia. Treatment issues. Drug Saf. 1996;14(6):394–405. ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Birchem SK. Benzocaine-induced methemoglobinemia during transesophageal echocardiography. J Am Osteopath Assoc. 2005;105(8):381–4. PubMed Google Scholar
Tantisattamo E, et al. Atypical presentations of methemoglobinemia from benzocaine spray. Hawaii Med J. 2011;70(6):125–6. PubMed Google Scholar
Tsigrelis C, Weiner L. Methemoglobinemia revisited: an important complication after transesophageal echocardiography. Eur J Echocardiogr. 2006;7(6):470–2. ArticlePubMed Google Scholar
Lu HC, et al. Pseudomethemoglobinemia: a case report and review of sulfhemoglobinemia. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1998;152(8):803–5. ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Allegaert K, et al. Methemoglobinemia and hemolysis after enteral administration of methylene blue in a preterm infant: relevance for pediatric surgeons. J Pediatr Surg. 2004;39(1):E35–7. ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Bradberry SM. Occupational methaemoglobinaemia. Mechanisms of production, features, diagnosis and management including the use of methylene blue. Toxicol Rev. 2003;22(1):13–27. ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Sass MD, Caruso CJ, Axelrod DR. Mechanism of the TPNH-linked reduction of methemoglobin by methylene blue. Clin Chim Acta. 1969;24(1):77–85. ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
DiSanto AR, Wagner JG. Pharmacokinetics of highly ionized drugs. II. Methylene blue–absorption, metabolism, and excretion in man and dog after oral administration. J Pharm Sci. 1972;61(7):1086–90. ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Hegedus F, Herb K. Benzocaine-induced methemoglobinemia. Anesth Prog. 2005;52(4):136–9. ArticlePubMed Google Scholar
BheemReddy S, Messineo F, Roychoudhury D. Methemoglobinemia following transesophageal echocardiography: a case report and review. Echocardiography. 2006;23(4):319–21. ArticlePubMed Google Scholar
Rodriguez LF, Smolik LM, Zbehlik AJ. Benzocaine-induced methemoglobinemia: report of a severe reaction and review of the literature. Ann Pharmacother. 1994;28(5):643–9. CASPubMed Google Scholar
Foltz LM, et al. Recognition and management of methemoglobinemia and hemolysis in a G6PD-deficient patient on experimental anticancer drug Triapine. Am J Hematol. 2006;81(3):210–1. ArticlePubMed Google Scholar
Wright RO, Lewander WJ, Woolf AD. Methemoglobinemia: etiology, pharmacology, and clinical management. Ann Emerg Med. 1999;34(5):646–56. ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Jansen T, et al. Isobutyl-nitrite-induced methemoglobinemia; treatment with an exchange blood transfusion during hyperbaric oxygenation. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2003;47(10):1300–1. ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Golden PJ, Weinstein R. Treatment of high-risk, refractory acquired methemoglobinemia with automated red blood cell exchange. J Clin Apher. 1998;13(1):28–31. ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Dunne J, et al. Ascorbate removes key precursors to oxidative damage by cell-free haemoglobin in vitro and in vivo. Biochem J. 2006;399(3):513–24. ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Tanen DA, LoVecchio F, Curry SC. Failure of intravenous N-acetylcysteine to reduce methemoglobin produced by sodium nitrite in human volunteers: a randomized controlled trial. Ann Emerg Med, 2000; 35(4):369–73. Google Scholar
Gunaratnam NT, et al. Methemoglobinemia related to topical benzocaine use: is it time to reconsider the empiric use of topical anesthesia before sedated EGD? Gastrointest Endosc. 2000;52(5):692–3. ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar
Dahshan A, Donovan GK. Severe methemoglobinemia complicating topical benzocaine use during endoscopy in a toddler: a case report and review of the literature. Pediatrics. 2006;117(4):e806–9. ArticlePubMed Google Scholar
Evans LT, et al. Pharyngeal anesthesia during sedated EGDs: is “the spray” beneficial? A meta-analysis and systematic review. Gastrointest Endosc. 2006;63(6):761–6. ArticlePubMed Google Scholar
Sauer SW, Keim ME. Hydroxocobalamin: improved public health readiness for cyanide disasters. Ann Emerg Med. 2001;37(6):635–41. ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar