Daniela Craveiro | Universidade de Lisboa (original) (raw)
Papers by Daniela Craveiro
People who do not eat enough fruit and vegetables (F&V) have incremental health risks. Most Europ... more People who do not eat enough fruit and vegetables (F&V) have incremental health risks. Most Europeans do not comply with health recommendations relating to F&V consumption and this is especially true for those with lower-level education, which reinforces structural inequalities in health and wellbeing among Europeans. This study investigated the role of key behavioural triggerscapabilities, opportunities and motivation (in the COMB model)-as pathways for educational differentials in F&V intake in Europe. A cross-sectional survey-based study was conducted in five European countries differing widely in their consumption habits, wealth, and climatic conditions. A structural equation model was designed to study how capabilities (diet perceived knowledge, health purchase criteria), opportunities (financial availability, social norms), and motivations (health value, habits strength) affect educational inequalities in the intake of F&V (5 portions a day) as mediators. Multi-group comparisons assessed country differences. People with higher levels of education were more likely to eat the recommended diet, i.e., at least 5 portions of F&V a day. Countries in the sample vary significantly in the percentage of people complying with the recommendation, but not significantly in terms of relative education differentials. The educational gap in the intake of F&V is mainly explained by education differentials in financial availability, diet knowledge, and habits in inserting F&V in main meals. Policies targeting dietary inequalities should address behavioural triggers affecting dietary intake, for example by subsidising F&V, developing targeted dietary awareness campaigns, or by intervening in mass catering contexts to facilitate the implementation of healthy habits.
Behavioural change box? Acknowledgements: The authors would like to thank Natalia Henriques and a... more Behavioural change box? Acknowledgements: The authors would like to thank Natalia Henriques and all the team from ADREPES for the support and collaboration with the evaluation process; Isabel Rodrigo (ISA-UL) and Luisa Lima (ISCTE-IUL) for their contributions to the evaluation model; Iva Zvěřinová, Milan Ŝĉasný and Vojtěch Máca (Charles University Environment Centre) for coordinating and providing access to data from the INHERIT Five-Country Survey; and Ana Marreiros and Eunice Lopo (ISCTE-IUL) by supporting PROVE survey data collection. Financial Support: The evaluation was developed as part of EuroHealthNet coordinated INHERIT project (www.inherit.eu) funded by the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 667364. Conflict of Interest: None.
Landscape and Urban Planning , 2021
• Types of greenspaces have distinct effect on people's physical activity. • This study assesses ... more • Types of greenspaces have distinct effect on people's physical activity. • This study assesses the influence of vegetation quantity, tree cover and surface. • The study combines survey data with data derived from satellite imagery. • Greenspace is related with decreased sedentary time and increased walking. • Exposure to greenspaces in rural areas have weaker effects that in urban areas.
The world's challenges of climate change, damage to ecosystems, and social and health inequalitie... more The world's challenges of climate change, damage to ecosystems, and social and health inequalities require changes in human behaviours at every level of organisation, among governments, business, communities, and individuals. An important question is how behaviour change can be enabled and supported at the scale and speed required. The research reported in this paper describes important lessons for good practice in changing contexts to modify behaviours for a triple win for health, equity and environmental sustainability. Authors synthesised learning from qualitative, quantitative and cost benefit evaluations of 15 case studies conducted in 12 countries in Europe. The case studies address ways of living (green spaces and energy efficient housing), moving (active transport) and consuming (healthy and sustainable diets) that support the triple win. Ten lessons for good practice were identified. These include bringing a triple win mindset to policy and practice in planning interventions, with potential to improve environmental sustainability, health and equity at the same time. The lessons for good practice are intended to support governmental and non-governmental actors, practitioners and researchers planning to work across sectors to achieve mutual benefits for health and environmental sustainability and in particular to benefit poorer and more socioeconomically disadvantaged groups.
The role of personal social networks on health inequalities is little understood. Theoretically, ... more The role of personal social networks on health inequalities is little understood. Theoretically, the characteristics of social network features can contribute to, both, increase and attenuate health inequalities. Few empirical studies that focus on the interaction between socioeconomic position and social networks provide little insight on the topic. Using data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe, this study analyses the moderation role of personal social networks on health inequalities in later life among northern, central, and southern European regions. Social advantages of higher socioeconomic individuals are re-enforced by the quality of social connections and the provision of social support. In turn, health inequality is attenuated by marital partnership and participation on social activities that benefits more the health of people at lower socioeconomic positions. Furthermore, results suggest that the influence of social network features on health inequalities is shaped by regions’ different policy commitments to familiarization/defamilialization pressures.
Cross-national comparisons on health inequalities have puzzled health researchers in the last yea... more Cross-national comparisons on health inequalities have puzzled health researchers in the last years. Contrary to what is theoretically expected, Northern European countries, known for their advanced welfare state regime and universalistic policies in health and social protection, do not present smaller health inequalities than other European nations. Within the debate triggered by these surprising results, some authors consider the possibility that the differences among the welfare state regimes may be shaping the relevance of specific pathways or mechanisms underlining the association between socioeconomic position (SEP) and health. This research addresses this hypothesis by comparing the contribution of social networks to health inequality in later life across different welfare state regimes. Mediation effects between SEP and health by social networks variables are compared across four different welfare state regimes, using data from Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe. Findings suggest that the socioeconomic advantages in health are partially explained by the differentials in social integration and quality of social ties. Welfare state regimes appear to shape the contribution of social networks in health inequality concerning the implications of the exchanges of social support in health.
Socio-economic status has been consistently identified as an important factor in explaining the h... more Socio-economic status has been consistently identified as an important factor in explaining the health of a population. This correlation has been documented in a large body of literature that reflects a clear incongruity between empirical reality and the values of justice and social cohesion. Health status results from the mutual interaction of multiple factors that act in different ways over the life of the individual. A study of social inequalities in health that centres on a specific phase of people's lives, such as old age, may contribute to a better understanding of the factors and mechanisms that define health, and help to generate a relevant framework for the development of social policies.
Planning the redevelopment of brownfields according to the principles of sustainable development ... more Planning the redevelopment of brownfields according to the principles of sustainable development is a significant challenge, particularly for rural brownfields that have little hope of attracting private investment. In this paper, we propose a sustainability framework for rural brownfield redevelopment planning that incorporates the concerns and expectations of stakeholders in the process, aiming at the integration of various forms of place making. This work is part of the ongoing REHMINE project. The area studied is the São Domingos mine in southeast Portugal, part of the Iberian Pyrite Belt region. The methodology included the mapping of stakeholders in the São Domingos mine redevelopment process; semi-structured interviews with those stakeholders; and content analysis of the interviews. The results from the field were then crossed with a detailed analysis of the literature on brownfield regeneration and validated by a participative process. The outcome was a sustainability redevelopment framework that illustrates how the integration of different perspectives and forms of place making can lead to a locally adapted sustainable development overview that can support the redevelopment planning of a brownfield in a rural setting.
This article analyses the current Portuguese Schools’ Evaluation Programme, implemented since 200... more This article analyses the current Portuguese Schools’ Evaluation Programme, implemented since 2006 in all state schools, as a social construction. The article focuses on a particular topic of the
external evaluation the participation of social actors in school life, as well as on school principals’ perceptions of the process. Our research is based on a content analysis of schools’ evaluation
reports conducted in three different regions (Lisbon and Tagus Valley, Alentejo and Algarve) and a series of semi-directive interviews with the principals and chairpersons of the General
Councils of 20 schools. While it is important to consider the evaluation programme in the light of international political tendencies (e.g. New Public Management), it is also relevant to understand the impact of such policy on schools. We highlight the contributions of this approach to a wider
reflection on evaluation processes.
A escola constitui uma organização complexa e dotada de especificidades, com destaque para a auto... more A escola constitui uma organização complexa e dotada de especificidades, com destaque para a autonomia dos docentes face aos mecanismos reguladores e normativos formalmente estabelecidos e para a importância do enquadramento de cada escola no contexto social mais amplo.
This text discusses the modes of participation of the education community in school management, e... more This text discusses the modes of participation of the education community in school management, examining a dimension that has long been present in the Portuguese political agenda. It centers on the analysis of the organizational dimension of 297 Portuguese schools, based on information made available in the external assessment reports for the academic years of 2006/2007, 2007/2008 and 2008/2009. The corpus analyzed made it possible to fulfill two of the central axes of the participation processes: the mode of integration of the community involved in school life, and the processes and limitations inherent to the participation of two groups of agents -those in charge of education and the pupils. Despite the fact that the various images of school organization present in the external assessment reports are similar, the differentiating aspects are significant. The participation processes are not equally consolidated across the different school organizations and their respective territories, and we witness the growing importance of the presence of the various agents in the tasks of school management. This involvement implies a knowledge that has to be increasingly deeper about the processes of construction of cultural learning that permeate the schools. It is possible to detect the presence of different agents in the schools investigated, which follows a change of conception of educative community encompassing pupils, teachers, those in charge of education, and the surrounding community in which schools are inserted.
Sociologia
O festival BONS SONS'10 é um evento de música bienal organizado na aldeia de Cem soldos (concelho... more O festival BONS SONS'10 é um evento de música bienal organizado na aldeia de Cem soldos (concelho de Tomar, distrito de Santarém) pela sua associação local (SCOCS). A presente abordagem, inscrita no âmbito do estudo de públicos, propõe a caracterização dos visitantes do festival BONS SONS'10 em função da identificação de diferentes perfis de visitantes. Os dados reunidos através da aplicação de um questionário, confirmam a heterogeneidade do público do festival, distinguindo dois perfis: (1) um público jovem conhecedor, de âmbito nacional e consumidor habitual de eventos do mesmo formato, e (2) um público local, tendencialmente mais velho que, contrariando de alguma forma os seus hábitos de consumidor cultural, adere à iniciativa. Cruzando os resultados do questionário com depoimentos de comerciantes da cidade vizinha analisa-se as trajectórias dos visitantes além do recinto. Para além da caracterização dos públicos do evento, a análise permite equacionar uma reflexão sobre o papel da dinamização cultural enquanto factor promotor de desenvolvimento e da identidade rural.
O artigo propõe uma análise crítica sobre os relatórios de avaliação externa como instrumentos co... more O artigo propõe uma análise crítica sobre os relatórios de avaliação externa como instrumentos com uma papel activo na (re)construção social das escolas. Tem como base empírica uma investigação sobre os contextos institucionais das escolas do ensino básico e secundário em Portugal que aborda a relação entre as políticas educativas, os modelos de organização, os perfis de liderança e o sucesso escolar e versa sobre dois grandes eixos analíticos: uma reflexão sobre uma das dimensões dos relatórios de avaliação externa das escolas -a participação dos vários agentes na vida das escolas; a percepção dos dirigentes das escolas sobre a avaliação externa. A investigação tem por base uma análise de conteúdo dos relatórios da avaliação externa das escolas realizada pela Inspecção-Geral da Educação nos anos de 2007, 2008 e 2009 das regiões de Lisboa e Vale do Tejo, Alentejo e Algarve e um conjunto de entrevistas semidirectivas aos directores e aos presidentes dos conselhos gerais de 20 escolas. Palavras-chave: avaliação externa, escolas, construção social
People who do not eat enough fruit and vegetables (F&V) have incremental health risks. Most Europ... more People who do not eat enough fruit and vegetables (F&V) have incremental health risks. Most Europeans do not comply with health recommendations relating to F&V consumption and this is especially true for those with lower-level education, which reinforces structural inequalities in health and wellbeing among Europeans. This study investigated the role of key behavioural triggerscapabilities, opportunities and motivation (in the COMB model)-as pathways for educational differentials in F&V intake in Europe. A cross-sectional survey-based study was conducted in five European countries differing widely in their consumption habits, wealth, and climatic conditions. A structural equation model was designed to study how capabilities (diet perceived knowledge, health purchase criteria), opportunities (financial availability, social norms), and motivations (health value, habits strength) affect educational inequalities in the intake of F&V (5 portions a day) as mediators. Multi-group comparisons assessed country differences. People with higher levels of education were more likely to eat the recommended diet, i.e., at least 5 portions of F&V a day. Countries in the sample vary significantly in the percentage of people complying with the recommendation, but not significantly in terms of relative education differentials. The educational gap in the intake of F&V is mainly explained by education differentials in financial availability, diet knowledge, and habits in inserting F&V in main meals. Policies targeting dietary inequalities should address behavioural triggers affecting dietary intake, for example by subsidising F&V, developing targeted dietary awareness campaigns, or by intervening in mass catering contexts to facilitate the implementation of healthy habits.
Behavioural change box? Acknowledgements: The authors would like to thank Natalia Henriques and a... more Behavioural change box? Acknowledgements: The authors would like to thank Natalia Henriques and all the team from ADREPES for the support and collaboration with the evaluation process; Isabel Rodrigo (ISA-UL) and Luisa Lima (ISCTE-IUL) for their contributions to the evaluation model; Iva Zvěřinová, Milan Ŝĉasný and Vojtěch Máca (Charles University Environment Centre) for coordinating and providing access to data from the INHERIT Five-Country Survey; and Ana Marreiros and Eunice Lopo (ISCTE-IUL) by supporting PROVE survey data collection. Financial Support: The evaluation was developed as part of EuroHealthNet coordinated INHERIT project (www.inherit.eu) funded by the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 667364. Conflict of Interest: None.
Landscape and Urban Planning , 2021
• Types of greenspaces have distinct effect on people's physical activity. • This study assesses ... more • Types of greenspaces have distinct effect on people's physical activity. • This study assesses the influence of vegetation quantity, tree cover and surface. • The study combines survey data with data derived from satellite imagery. • Greenspace is related with decreased sedentary time and increased walking. • Exposure to greenspaces in rural areas have weaker effects that in urban areas.
The world's challenges of climate change, damage to ecosystems, and social and health inequalitie... more The world's challenges of climate change, damage to ecosystems, and social and health inequalities require changes in human behaviours at every level of organisation, among governments, business, communities, and individuals. An important question is how behaviour change can be enabled and supported at the scale and speed required. The research reported in this paper describes important lessons for good practice in changing contexts to modify behaviours for a triple win for health, equity and environmental sustainability. Authors synthesised learning from qualitative, quantitative and cost benefit evaluations of 15 case studies conducted in 12 countries in Europe. The case studies address ways of living (green spaces and energy efficient housing), moving (active transport) and consuming (healthy and sustainable diets) that support the triple win. Ten lessons for good practice were identified. These include bringing a triple win mindset to policy and practice in planning interventions, with potential to improve environmental sustainability, health and equity at the same time. The lessons for good practice are intended to support governmental and non-governmental actors, practitioners and researchers planning to work across sectors to achieve mutual benefits for health and environmental sustainability and in particular to benefit poorer and more socioeconomically disadvantaged groups.
The role of personal social networks on health inequalities is little understood. Theoretically, ... more The role of personal social networks on health inequalities is little understood. Theoretically, the characteristics of social network features can contribute to, both, increase and attenuate health inequalities. Few empirical studies that focus on the interaction between socioeconomic position and social networks provide little insight on the topic. Using data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe, this study analyses the moderation role of personal social networks on health inequalities in later life among northern, central, and southern European regions. Social advantages of higher socioeconomic individuals are re-enforced by the quality of social connections and the provision of social support. In turn, health inequality is attenuated by marital partnership and participation on social activities that benefits more the health of people at lower socioeconomic positions. Furthermore, results suggest that the influence of social network features on health inequalities is shaped by regions’ different policy commitments to familiarization/defamilialization pressures.
Cross-national comparisons on health inequalities have puzzled health researchers in the last yea... more Cross-national comparisons on health inequalities have puzzled health researchers in the last years. Contrary to what is theoretically expected, Northern European countries, known for their advanced welfare state regime and universalistic policies in health and social protection, do not present smaller health inequalities than other European nations. Within the debate triggered by these surprising results, some authors consider the possibility that the differences among the welfare state regimes may be shaping the relevance of specific pathways or mechanisms underlining the association between socioeconomic position (SEP) and health. This research addresses this hypothesis by comparing the contribution of social networks to health inequality in later life across different welfare state regimes. Mediation effects between SEP and health by social networks variables are compared across four different welfare state regimes, using data from Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe. Findings suggest that the socioeconomic advantages in health are partially explained by the differentials in social integration and quality of social ties. Welfare state regimes appear to shape the contribution of social networks in health inequality concerning the implications of the exchanges of social support in health.
Socio-economic status has been consistently identified as an important factor in explaining the h... more Socio-economic status has been consistently identified as an important factor in explaining the health of a population. This correlation has been documented in a large body of literature that reflects a clear incongruity between empirical reality and the values of justice and social cohesion. Health status results from the mutual interaction of multiple factors that act in different ways over the life of the individual. A study of social inequalities in health that centres on a specific phase of people's lives, such as old age, may contribute to a better understanding of the factors and mechanisms that define health, and help to generate a relevant framework for the development of social policies.
Planning the redevelopment of brownfields according to the principles of sustainable development ... more Planning the redevelopment of brownfields according to the principles of sustainable development is a significant challenge, particularly for rural brownfields that have little hope of attracting private investment. In this paper, we propose a sustainability framework for rural brownfield redevelopment planning that incorporates the concerns and expectations of stakeholders in the process, aiming at the integration of various forms of place making. This work is part of the ongoing REHMINE project. The area studied is the São Domingos mine in southeast Portugal, part of the Iberian Pyrite Belt region. The methodology included the mapping of stakeholders in the São Domingos mine redevelopment process; semi-structured interviews with those stakeholders; and content analysis of the interviews. The results from the field were then crossed with a detailed analysis of the literature on brownfield regeneration and validated by a participative process. The outcome was a sustainability redevelopment framework that illustrates how the integration of different perspectives and forms of place making can lead to a locally adapted sustainable development overview that can support the redevelopment planning of a brownfield in a rural setting.
This article analyses the current Portuguese Schools’ Evaluation Programme, implemented since 200... more This article analyses the current Portuguese Schools’ Evaluation Programme, implemented since 2006 in all state schools, as a social construction. The article focuses on a particular topic of the
external evaluation the participation of social actors in school life, as well as on school principals’ perceptions of the process. Our research is based on a content analysis of schools’ evaluation
reports conducted in three different regions (Lisbon and Tagus Valley, Alentejo and Algarve) and a series of semi-directive interviews with the principals and chairpersons of the General
Councils of 20 schools. While it is important to consider the evaluation programme in the light of international political tendencies (e.g. New Public Management), it is also relevant to understand the impact of such policy on schools. We highlight the contributions of this approach to a wider
reflection on evaluation processes.
A escola constitui uma organização complexa e dotada de especificidades, com destaque para a auto... more A escola constitui uma organização complexa e dotada de especificidades, com destaque para a autonomia dos docentes face aos mecanismos reguladores e normativos formalmente estabelecidos e para a importância do enquadramento de cada escola no contexto social mais amplo.
This text discusses the modes of participation of the education community in school management, e... more This text discusses the modes of participation of the education community in school management, examining a dimension that has long been present in the Portuguese political agenda. It centers on the analysis of the organizational dimension of 297 Portuguese schools, based on information made available in the external assessment reports for the academic years of 2006/2007, 2007/2008 and 2008/2009. The corpus analyzed made it possible to fulfill two of the central axes of the participation processes: the mode of integration of the community involved in school life, and the processes and limitations inherent to the participation of two groups of agents -those in charge of education and the pupils. Despite the fact that the various images of school organization present in the external assessment reports are similar, the differentiating aspects are significant. The participation processes are not equally consolidated across the different school organizations and their respective territories, and we witness the growing importance of the presence of the various agents in the tasks of school management. This involvement implies a knowledge that has to be increasingly deeper about the processes of construction of cultural learning that permeate the schools. It is possible to detect the presence of different agents in the schools investigated, which follows a change of conception of educative community encompassing pupils, teachers, those in charge of education, and the surrounding community in which schools are inserted.
Sociologia
O festival BONS SONS'10 é um evento de música bienal organizado na aldeia de Cem soldos (concelho... more O festival BONS SONS'10 é um evento de música bienal organizado na aldeia de Cem soldos (concelho de Tomar, distrito de Santarém) pela sua associação local (SCOCS). A presente abordagem, inscrita no âmbito do estudo de públicos, propõe a caracterização dos visitantes do festival BONS SONS'10 em função da identificação de diferentes perfis de visitantes. Os dados reunidos através da aplicação de um questionário, confirmam a heterogeneidade do público do festival, distinguindo dois perfis: (1) um público jovem conhecedor, de âmbito nacional e consumidor habitual de eventos do mesmo formato, e (2) um público local, tendencialmente mais velho que, contrariando de alguma forma os seus hábitos de consumidor cultural, adere à iniciativa. Cruzando os resultados do questionário com depoimentos de comerciantes da cidade vizinha analisa-se as trajectórias dos visitantes além do recinto. Para além da caracterização dos públicos do evento, a análise permite equacionar uma reflexão sobre o papel da dinamização cultural enquanto factor promotor de desenvolvimento e da identidade rural.
O artigo propõe uma análise crítica sobre os relatórios de avaliação externa como instrumentos co... more O artigo propõe uma análise crítica sobre os relatórios de avaliação externa como instrumentos com uma papel activo na (re)construção social das escolas. Tem como base empírica uma investigação sobre os contextos institucionais das escolas do ensino básico e secundário em Portugal que aborda a relação entre as políticas educativas, os modelos de organização, os perfis de liderança e o sucesso escolar e versa sobre dois grandes eixos analíticos: uma reflexão sobre uma das dimensões dos relatórios de avaliação externa das escolas -a participação dos vários agentes na vida das escolas; a percepção dos dirigentes das escolas sobre a avaliação externa. A investigação tem por base uma análise de conteúdo dos relatórios da avaliação externa das escolas realizada pela Inspecção-Geral da Educação nos anos de 2007, 2008 e 2009 das regiões de Lisboa e Vale do Tejo, Alentejo e Algarve e um conjunto de entrevistas semidirectivas aos directores e aos presidentes dos conselhos gerais de 20 escolas. Palavras-chave: avaliação externa, escolas, construção social