Christian Berggren | Linköping University (original) (raw)
Books by Christian Berggren
Proceedings from symposium on Research Integrity arranged by The Royal Society of Arts and Sciences in Gothenburg , 2018
Skills in writing papers for scientific journals have become crucial across academia, and univers... more Skills in writing papers for scientific journals have become crucial across academia, and universities everywhere are arranging writing courses in their ph. d programs. During two decades of teaching such courses I have witnessed how research integrity has emerged from a non-issue to an increasingly important topic. This contribution to a symposium on research integrity at The Royal Society of Arts and Sciences in Gothenburg in 2017 analyzes these content changes. The first section deals with the practice-oriented issues at the center during the first years: how to write and to manage the review process. The next section presents the historical development of scientific communication, why publishing in peer-reviewed journals now occupies such a central place, and the functions fulfilled by this form of publishing. Section three focuses on ethics and integrity, and presents recent research on retractions and editorial experiences in the fields of management, organization and economics. The final section discusses the problems of fragmented control in modern academia and the asymmetry between rapid entry and exceedingly slow exits in leading journals. The paper concludes with suggesting that academia needs to study the drug-fighting institutions in international sports to improve its capacity to expose and sanction unethical behavior.
Managing Knowledge Integration Across Boundaries Knowledge integration - the purposeful combin... more Managing Knowledge Integration Across Boundaries
Knowledge integration - the purposeful combination of specialized and complementary knowledge to achieve specific tasks - is becoming increasingly important for organizations facing rapidly changing institutional environments, globalized markets, and fast-paced technological developments.
The need for knowledge integration is driven by knowledge specialization and its geographic and organizational distribution in the global economy. The increasing complexity and relevance of the knowledge integration problem is apparent in emerging new fields of research, such as open innovation, or the merging of existing ones, e.g. organizational learning and strategy. In global competition, the successful management of knowledge integration underpins firms' ability to innovate, generate profit, grow and, ultimately, survive.
This book provides conceptual contributions as well as empirical studies that examine knowledge integration essentially as a 'boundary' problem. Knowledge integration becomes a problem when boundaries between knowledge fields, and the institutions that preside over those fields, are not clear, or become fluid
and contestable. This fluidity, and the competitive pressures this fluidity generates, are persistent and permanent features of the world we live in. This book puts forward a consistent set of ideas, methods and tools useful to interpret, analyze and act upon the processes of knowledge integration across boundaries.
During the 1980s, the industrial workplace was at the focus of many Swedish political, intellectu... more During the 1980s, the industrial workplace was at the focus of many Swedish political, intellectual, and union-based initiatives. Increasing difficulties to recruit and retain young people in manufacturing jobs, and the reaction by many firms to move such jobs abroad contributed to this interest. The Metalworkers´ Union presented a highly influential program for Good Work, and progressive firms such as Volvo further developed their socio-technical designs of production and work organization. In the early 1990s, a deep financial crisis suddenly hit Sweden, resulting in a sharp increase in unemployment, a retreat in union positions, and a collapse in the political interest in work reform and working conditions. This was followed by a period of internet-hype and belief in a “new post-industrial economy”, built on “future factories” rather than production factories, on web design, services and music exports instead of industrial R&D and manufacturing.
This report challenges dominant trends in media and marketing, by arguing that advanced industrial production is fundamental for Swedish prosperity, and a basis also for many of the new services. This makes it a key issue to improve and develop work at the manufacturing core and to leverage the intellectual content of this work far beyond the promises of lean production. Our ambition is to highlight the knowledge and capabilities which constitute the core of advanced manufacturing today, and will be even more important in future knowledge-intensive production systems.
Global dreams or local dynamics? An agenda for competitive clusters. In spite of economic globali... more Global dreams or local dynamics? An agenda for competitive clusters.
In spite of economic globalization, sustainable industrial dynamics is increasingly developed and determined on a local and regional level. In this book, the dreams of footloose capital are confronted with this paradox of globalization. The reason for the enduring competitive advantage of four sticky places, for very different dynamic regions, are discussed in detail; one in the US, one in Italy, and two in Sweden. Against this background an agenda for competitive clusters is presented, elaborating on six propositions which concern:
+ The role of embedded ownership and ´sticky capital´;
+ The importance of large ´locomotive firms´ with a big local heart;
+ The need for intensified interaction between business, social organizations and university research & education;
+ The productivity of public investments by private firms;
+ The contribution of union commitment to local development;
+ The necessity of public institutional funding of long-term cluster projects.
Transforming auto assembly - Experience in Automation and Work Organization, 1997
For decades, increased levels of automation have been regarded as the logical and necessary solut... more For decades, increased levels of automation have been regarded as the logical and necessary solution to the dual problem of monotonous work and stagnating productivity in car assembly. Whereas the automation drive among Western auto producers in the 1980s largely failed, a new generation of plants in the Japanese industry in the early 1990s promised to be more successful. In this chapter, it is argued that, even in Japan, automated assembly has proven to be highly dependent on full capacity utilization and hence an ...
Ahrne & Swedberg. Ekonomin i samhället - ekonomsocjolgska perspektiv, ch.10, p. 247- 271.
This chapter presents a critical review of the justification, processes and outcomes of corporate... more This chapter presents a critical review of the justification, processes and outcomes of corporate mergers and acquisitions, comparing neo-classical economic models with empiricial studies of organizational behavior and the Impact on innovation and other sensitive valuecreating processes.
Backlund, T., Hansson, H., Thunborg, C. 2001. Lärdilemman i arbetslivet - teoretiska och praktiska perspektiv på lärande i organisationer, sid 149-176.
Wood, S. The Transformation of Work. Routledge, London, Jan 1, 1989
Berggren, Bergek, Bengtsson, Hobday, Söderlund. 2011 Knowledge Integration and Innovation. Critical Challenges Facing Technology-based Firms, p. 246-273. Oxford: OUP,
liu.se. Publications. ...
Russell Lansbury and Ed Davis (eds.) Managing Together? Longman Cheshire Melbourne, Australia .
Durand, J-P (ed.) La fin du modèle suédois.p. 183-209. Paris: Syros
Calabrese (ed.) The Greening of the Automotive Industry. p. 103-123. Palgrave/macmillan, 2012
Facing the threat of rising fuel prices, a looming shortage of fossil fuels and increasingly stri... more Facing the threat of rising fuel prices, a looming shortage of fossil fuels and increasingly stringent regulation to curb greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, vehicle manufacturers are intensifying their R&D, in particular powertrain technologies. These efforts involve both incremental improvements of the internal combustion engine, and a search for entirely, or partially, new powertrain configurations. New trajectories are emerging in a once-mature industry, and dramatic competition is unfolding. After the oil shocks of the 1970s, carmakers struggled with issues of cost and appropriate technology to combat noxious emissions from petrol engines. This created a short period of uncertainty, but now these manufacturers face the daunting challenge of developing an effective and cost-competitive GHG-reduction trajectory to be sustained for a much longer time.
New impacts on industrial relations: internationalization and changing production strategies, 1992
In the early 1980s, Japanese auto makers started to export plants, and not only cars, to North Am... more In the early 1980s, Japanese auto makers started to export plants, and not only cars, to North America. In 1990 ten transplants in the US and Canada produced 1,7 million vehicles. Most of them closely matched Japanese quality and productivity levels. The chapter examines working conditions and labor relations, and find scant support for the widespread claims that Japanese ´lean production´ revolutionizes working conditions. Fordist rigidities are replaced by new strains, resulting in a deeply contradictory pattern of intensified work. Initially supportive union locals have started to fight for more solid contracts. The chapter concludes by stressing the need for European unions to formulate a strategy for ´post-lean´ production.
Volvo has become a byword for advanced thinking in work design, in new forms of production, in co... more Volvo has become a byword for advanced thinking in work design, in new forms of production, in collaborative implementation, in worker participation and satisfaction… When practitioners, be they management, trade union or academic have to give shape to possible new futures, alternatives to Taylorism or examples of best practice then it is to the plants such as Vara, Kalmar and later Uddevalla that they turn.
Blackwell cases in human resource and change management, 1996
Elektromobilitet är ett vittfamnande begrepp. Det kan täcka in ett stort antal fordonstyper och t... more Elektromobilitet är ett vittfamnande begrepp. Det kan täcka in ett stort antal fordonstyper och tillverkare, en diversifierad tjänstesektor, liksom nya principer för stads- och trafikplanering. Denna rapport är avgränsad till elektrifiering av tunga fordon: bussar och lastbilar. Den inkluderar därmed inte elektrifiering av personbilar (eller elcyklar/elskotrar). Elektrifierade personbilar betra ktas istället som ett angränsande och ibland delvis överlappande system, som framför allt kan användas för jämförelser. Elbilar är förvisso ett dynamiskt område men drivs nästan helt av ett antal stora batteri- och biltillverkare utanför Sverige: både nyaföretag som Tesla Motors och volymtillverkare som GM, Nissan-Renault och BMW. Svenskbaserade biltillverkare deltar med viss framgång – försäljningen av Volvo Cars laddbara premiumhybrid som utvecklades tillsammans med Vattenfallhar överträffat förväntningarna – men svenska företag har små möjligheter att påverka den övergripande teknik- och marknadsutvecklingen. Genom den internationella teknikutvecklingen har kostnaderna för elektrifierade personbilar kraftigt sänkts under senare år, och det finns nu ett stort antal serietillverkade modeller på marknaden. Räckvidd och laddtider är nackdelar för de flesta elbilar, men förbättras kontinuerligt. Standarder har etablerats för infrastruktur, t.ex. snabbladdare, och även här sänks kostnaden fortlöpande.
Proceedings from symposium on Research Integrity arranged by The Royal Society of Arts and Sciences in Gothenburg , 2018
Skills in writing papers for scientific journals have become crucial across academia, and univers... more Skills in writing papers for scientific journals have become crucial across academia, and universities everywhere are arranging writing courses in their ph. d programs. During two decades of teaching such courses I have witnessed how research integrity has emerged from a non-issue to an increasingly important topic. This contribution to a symposium on research integrity at The Royal Society of Arts and Sciences in Gothenburg in 2017 analyzes these content changes. The first section deals with the practice-oriented issues at the center during the first years: how to write and to manage the review process. The next section presents the historical development of scientific communication, why publishing in peer-reviewed journals now occupies such a central place, and the functions fulfilled by this form of publishing. Section three focuses on ethics and integrity, and presents recent research on retractions and editorial experiences in the fields of management, organization and economics. The final section discusses the problems of fragmented control in modern academia and the asymmetry between rapid entry and exceedingly slow exits in leading journals. The paper concludes with suggesting that academia needs to study the drug-fighting institutions in international sports to improve its capacity to expose and sanction unethical behavior.
Managing Knowledge Integration Across Boundaries Knowledge integration - the purposeful combin... more Managing Knowledge Integration Across Boundaries
Knowledge integration - the purposeful combination of specialized and complementary knowledge to achieve specific tasks - is becoming increasingly important for organizations facing rapidly changing institutional environments, globalized markets, and fast-paced technological developments.
The need for knowledge integration is driven by knowledge specialization and its geographic and organizational distribution in the global economy. The increasing complexity and relevance of the knowledge integration problem is apparent in emerging new fields of research, such as open innovation, or the merging of existing ones, e.g. organizational learning and strategy. In global competition, the successful management of knowledge integration underpins firms' ability to innovate, generate profit, grow and, ultimately, survive.
This book provides conceptual contributions as well as empirical studies that examine knowledge integration essentially as a 'boundary' problem. Knowledge integration becomes a problem when boundaries between knowledge fields, and the institutions that preside over those fields, are not clear, or become fluid
and contestable. This fluidity, and the competitive pressures this fluidity generates, are persistent and permanent features of the world we live in. This book puts forward a consistent set of ideas, methods and tools useful to interpret, analyze and act upon the processes of knowledge integration across boundaries.
During the 1980s, the industrial workplace was at the focus of many Swedish political, intellectu... more During the 1980s, the industrial workplace was at the focus of many Swedish political, intellectual, and union-based initiatives. Increasing difficulties to recruit and retain young people in manufacturing jobs, and the reaction by many firms to move such jobs abroad contributed to this interest. The Metalworkers´ Union presented a highly influential program for Good Work, and progressive firms such as Volvo further developed their socio-technical designs of production and work organization. In the early 1990s, a deep financial crisis suddenly hit Sweden, resulting in a sharp increase in unemployment, a retreat in union positions, and a collapse in the political interest in work reform and working conditions. This was followed by a period of internet-hype and belief in a “new post-industrial economy”, built on “future factories” rather than production factories, on web design, services and music exports instead of industrial R&D and manufacturing.
This report challenges dominant trends in media and marketing, by arguing that advanced industrial production is fundamental for Swedish prosperity, and a basis also for many of the new services. This makes it a key issue to improve and develop work at the manufacturing core and to leverage the intellectual content of this work far beyond the promises of lean production. Our ambition is to highlight the knowledge and capabilities which constitute the core of advanced manufacturing today, and will be even more important in future knowledge-intensive production systems.
Global dreams or local dynamics? An agenda for competitive clusters. In spite of economic globali... more Global dreams or local dynamics? An agenda for competitive clusters.
In spite of economic globalization, sustainable industrial dynamics is increasingly developed and determined on a local and regional level. In this book, the dreams of footloose capital are confronted with this paradox of globalization. The reason for the enduring competitive advantage of four sticky places, for very different dynamic regions, are discussed in detail; one in the US, one in Italy, and two in Sweden. Against this background an agenda for competitive clusters is presented, elaborating on six propositions which concern:
+ The role of embedded ownership and ´sticky capital´;
+ The importance of large ´locomotive firms´ with a big local heart;
+ The need for intensified interaction between business, social organizations and university research & education;
+ The productivity of public investments by private firms;
+ The contribution of union commitment to local development;
+ The necessity of public institutional funding of long-term cluster projects.
Transforming auto assembly - Experience in Automation and Work Organization, 1997
For decades, increased levels of automation have been regarded as the logical and necessary solut... more For decades, increased levels of automation have been regarded as the logical and necessary solution to the dual problem of monotonous work and stagnating productivity in car assembly. Whereas the automation drive among Western auto producers in the 1980s largely failed, a new generation of plants in the Japanese industry in the early 1990s promised to be more successful. In this chapter, it is argued that, even in Japan, automated assembly has proven to be highly dependent on full capacity utilization and hence an ...
Ahrne & Swedberg. Ekonomin i samhället - ekonomsocjolgska perspektiv, ch.10, p. 247- 271.
This chapter presents a critical review of the justification, processes and outcomes of corporate... more This chapter presents a critical review of the justification, processes and outcomes of corporate mergers and acquisitions, comparing neo-classical economic models with empiricial studies of organizational behavior and the Impact on innovation and other sensitive valuecreating processes.
Backlund, T., Hansson, H., Thunborg, C. 2001. Lärdilemman i arbetslivet - teoretiska och praktiska perspektiv på lärande i organisationer, sid 149-176.
Wood, S. The Transformation of Work. Routledge, London, Jan 1, 1989
Berggren, Bergek, Bengtsson, Hobday, Söderlund. 2011 Knowledge Integration and Innovation. Critical Challenges Facing Technology-based Firms, p. 246-273. Oxford: OUP,
liu.se. Publications. ...
Russell Lansbury and Ed Davis (eds.) Managing Together? Longman Cheshire Melbourne, Australia .
Durand, J-P (ed.) La fin du modèle suédois.p. 183-209. Paris: Syros
Calabrese (ed.) The Greening of the Automotive Industry. p. 103-123. Palgrave/macmillan, 2012
Facing the threat of rising fuel prices, a looming shortage of fossil fuels and increasingly stri... more Facing the threat of rising fuel prices, a looming shortage of fossil fuels and increasingly stringent regulation to curb greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, vehicle manufacturers are intensifying their R&D, in particular powertrain technologies. These efforts involve both incremental improvements of the internal combustion engine, and a search for entirely, or partially, new powertrain configurations. New trajectories are emerging in a once-mature industry, and dramatic competition is unfolding. After the oil shocks of the 1970s, carmakers struggled with issues of cost and appropriate technology to combat noxious emissions from petrol engines. This created a short period of uncertainty, but now these manufacturers face the daunting challenge of developing an effective and cost-competitive GHG-reduction trajectory to be sustained for a much longer time.
New impacts on industrial relations: internationalization and changing production strategies, 1992
In the early 1980s, Japanese auto makers started to export plants, and not only cars, to North Am... more In the early 1980s, Japanese auto makers started to export plants, and not only cars, to North America. In 1990 ten transplants in the US and Canada produced 1,7 million vehicles. Most of them closely matched Japanese quality and productivity levels. The chapter examines working conditions and labor relations, and find scant support for the widespread claims that Japanese ´lean production´ revolutionizes working conditions. Fordist rigidities are replaced by new strains, resulting in a deeply contradictory pattern of intensified work. Initially supportive union locals have started to fight for more solid contracts. The chapter concludes by stressing the need for European unions to formulate a strategy for ´post-lean´ production.
Volvo has become a byword for advanced thinking in work design, in new forms of production, in co... more Volvo has become a byword for advanced thinking in work design, in new forms of production, in collaborative implementation, in worker participation and satisfaction… When practitioners, be they management, trade union or academic have to give shape to possible new futures, alternatives to Taylorism or examples of best practice then it is to the plants such as Vara, Kalmar and later Uddevalla that they turn.
Blackwell cases in human resource and change management, 1996
Elektromobilitet är ett vittfamnande begrepp. Det kan täcka in ett stort antal fordonstyper och t... more Elektromobilitet är ett vittfamnande begrepp. Det kan täcka in ett stort antal fordonstyper och tillverkare, en diversifierad tjänstesektor, liksom nya principer för stads- och trafikplanering. Denna rapport är avgränsad till elektrifiering av tunga fordon: bussar och lastbilar. Den inkluderar därmed inte elektrifiering av personbilar (eller elcyklar/elskotrar). Elektrifierade personbilar betra ktas istället som ett angränsande och ibland delvis överlappande system, som framför allt kan användas för jämförelser. Elbilar är förvisso ett dynamiskt område men drivs nästan helt av ett antal stora batteri- och biltillverkare utanför Sverige: både nyaföretag som Tesla Motors och volymtillverkare som GM, Nissan-Renault och BMW. Svenskbaserade biltillverkare deltar med viss framgång – försäljningen av Volvo Cars laddbara premiumhybrid som utvecklades tillsammans med Vattenfallhar överträffat förväntningarna – men svenska företag har små möjligheter att påverka den övergripande teknik- och marknadsutvecklingen. Genom den internationella teknikutvecklingen har kostnaderna för elektrifierade personbilar kraftigt sänkts under senare år, och det finns nu ett stort antal serietillverkade modeller på marknaden. Räckvidd och laddtider är nackdelar för de flesta elbilar, men förbättras kontinuerligt. Standarder har etablerats för infrastruktur, t.ex. snabbladdare, och även här sänks kostnaden fortlöpande.
Journal of Applied Economic and Business Research, 2023
Starting with a discussion of the contradictory trends shaping the global economy in the 2020s, t... more Starting with a discussion of the contradictory trends shaping the global economy in the 2020s, this essay focuses on three technology-intensive sectors: defense, pharmaceuticals, and energy. In the defense sector, the Russian-Ukraine war and the tensions in East Asia ended a long period of slow growth with a ´call to arms´ and rearmament across OECD. The challenge of the Western industries now is to accelerate output and capacity in a broad range of subsectors and support the safe supply of weapons and spare parts to the Ukrainian army. Thus, RUW is also a battle between different skills in management, logistics, leadership, and training systems, which offers a rich arena for future research in these fields. In the pharmaceutical sector, the Covid-19 outbreak initiated another call to arms, and the industry was quick to respond by rapidly delivering new, effective vaccines. This coincided with a breakthrough for new approaches to cancer treatment, with a potential for major public health benefits, if the industry can handle the side effects and policymakers design cost-effective delivery systems with wide coverage. Again, this calls for focused research in the fields of management, innovation studies, and economics. The third sector discussed in this essay, electricity production, was caught in a perfect storm by the outbreak of the new war. However, the net effect seems to be a major increase in investments in renewables. This creates new challenges regarding, for example, system stability, combinations of flexible and nuclear-based power sources, and the cost-effective diffusion of renewables to emerging economies, thus another arena for important future research.
Kvartal.se, 2020
Nordic cooperation played an important role for Sweden’s economic and social success in the years... more Nordic cooperation played an important role for Sweden’s economic and social success in the years after WWII. In the 1970s, however, Sweden started to turn away from its Nordic neighbors and in the following decades, the country embarked on a Sonderweg within key policy areas such as education, immigration, law enforcement, and, most recently, COVID-19 mitigation strategy. This essay compares Sweden with the surrounding Nordic countries and seeks to explain her divergent policy choices in terms of two factors: the erosion of the all-inclusive organizational structure that characterized Sweden during the heyday of “Model Suedois,” and the emergence of a fragmented complex of narrow interest groups without the previous ethics of responsibility.
A recurring theme in the analysis is Sweden´s reluctance to engage in constructive studies of her Nordic neighbors. According to the World Happiness Index, the Nordic area ranks as the “happiest region in the world,” with Finland in a leading position. If Sweden can equip herself with a positive curiosity and willingness to learn, there may still be an opportunity to close the gap to her most successful Nordic neighbors.
English translation of Swedish paper published in Kvartal, Sept 20 2018, 2018
Charisma and positive messages about world development made Hans Rosling (1948– 2017), a former p... more Charisma and positive messages about world development made Hans Rosling (1948– 2017), a former professor of international health at the Karolinska Institute in Sweden, an international star. His posthumous gospel, Factfulness (1), which contains a collection of illustrative statistics and imaginative insights, has reached a global audience. In the United States, Bill Gates recently announced that he will hand out the book to all graduating university students, and 32 more translations are in the pipeline. An article in the science journal Nature praised the book in glowing terms: " This magnificent book ends with a plea for a factual world view. …Like his famous presentations, it throws down a gauntlet to doom-and-gloomers in global health by challenging preconceptions and misconceptions. " (2) However, Factfulness actually employs a biased selection of variables, avoids analysis of negative trends, and does not discuss any of the serious challenges related to continual population growth. A policy based on the simplistic worldview presented in Factfulness could have serious consequences.
International International Journal of Project Management , 2019
In innovation and project management studies incremental development projects are perceived as th... more In innovation and project management studies incremental development projects are perceived as theoretically and organisationally uninteresting. By means of a longitudinal study of product improvement projects at an automobile firm, this paper challenges such views and shows how the cumulative impact of the studied sequence resulted in a competitive repositioning of the company's product portfolio during a financially difficult period. Project managers achieved this by transcending the separation between exploration and exploitation projects; they not only adhered to time, cost and quality goals but also tried out new ways of testing and experimenting with controversial technical ideas. The paper analyzes the intensive inter project learning that generated these ambidextrous capabilities and emphasizes that practices at the project-level need to be buttressed by expanded management learning and capability development also at the sequence level.
Kvartal, 2019
During the last decade, Sweden has experienced an unprecedented level of violent crime: gang shoo... more During the last decade, Sweden has experienced an unprecedented level of violent crime: gang shootings in public areas; assaults on police, fire brigades and rescue ambulances in ‘vulnerable suburbs’; hand grenade attacks and blasts in residential housing areas; juvenile gangs that rob, abuse and demean other young men. These facts challenge the traditional image of Sweden as a safe and peaceful country. For a long time, political parties and media denied or belittled these trends. Even now mainstream media and the ruling parties reject explanations that could link the crime trends to Sweden’s exceptional level of non-European immigration, refrain from releasing politically sensitive statistics, resist effective penalties for young perpetrators and neglect the sufferings of the victims. These attitudes are fueled by a highly mediatique school of criminologists in Stockholm, which for a long time has influenced the professions in the Swedish legal system. This essay confronts the criminologists´ key arguments with findings from the international research literature. Contrary to the claims of the ‘Stockholm school’ the paper shows that incapacitation and well-managed prisons can be beneficial for society, protect victims of violent crime, and increase the opportunities for criminals to readjust to society.
Quillette.com, 2018
https://quillette.com/2018/11/16/the-one-sided-worldview-of-hans-rosling
The incidence of revealed fraud and dishonesty in academia is on the rise, and so is the number o... more The incidence of revealed fraud and dishonesty in academia is on the rise, and so is the number of studies seeking to explain scientific misconduct. This paper builds on the concepts of competing logics and institutional fields to analyze a serious case of medical and scientific misconduct at a leading research institute, Karolinska in Sweden, home to the Nobel Prize in Medicine.
By distinguishing between a market-oriented, a medical and an academic logic, the study analyzes how
various actors − executives, research leaders, co-authors, journal editors, medical doctors, science bloggers, investigative journalists and documentary filmmakers − sustained or tried to expose the misconduct.
Despite repeated warnings from patient-responsible doctors and external academic reviewers, Karolinska protected the surgeon, Paolo Macchiarini, until a documentary film at the Swedish national public TV exposed the fraud which led to public inquiries and proposals for a new national ethics legislation.
The analysis illustrates the power of a market-oriented logic focused on brand and image at the research
institute and at a leading journal, but also the perseverance of the logics of scientific scrutiny and medical care among practicing doctors and independent academics although the carriers of these logics were less well organized than the carriers of the market-oriented logic. Furthermore, the analysis shows the problem of fragmented control in the academic institutional field.
The discussion of remedies compares the Karolinska case, where media actors were instrumental in sanctioning the perpetrators, with a similar instance of medical misconduct at Duke in the US where the government agency (ORI) intervened and shows the limitations of both types of actors. The conclusion highlights the importance of studying misconduct management and institution building in different fields to develop effective remedies.
Firms increasingly use choose collaborative arrangements to get access to the most recent and adv... more Firms increasingly use choose collaborative arrangements to get access to the most recent and advanced technologies instead of trying to develop them in-home. Several emerging economies use such arrangements particularly in the defence industry as a vehicle for technology transfer to the local industry. The effectiveness of technology transfer, however, is affected by many factors. This paper analyzes international technology transfer as a challenge of inter-firm collaboration and a challenge of cross-boundary knowledge management, and highlights the role of boundary objects to mitigate problems of knowledge boundaries such transfers. Building on a comparative case study of two international technology transfer projects, the paper contributes to the understanding of how collaboration problems can affect the transfer of knowledge across knowledge boundaries and how the use of appropriate boundary objects may improve collaboration management and the knowledge transfer. Jel Code: L20, L29, O39
Technogical Forecasting and Social Change, 2018
A B S T R A C T According to sustainability transitions theories, innovation policies should crea... more A B S T R A C T According to sustainability transitions theories, innovation policies should create protective spaces ('niches') for promising new technologies. Moreover they should support a cumulative process of market formation and growth. Based on results from comparative case studies of two competing technological innovation systems for heavy transport (biogas and electrification), this paper argues that these recommendations are contradictory when technology alternatives with different degrees of maturity compete for the same niche. Should innovation policies open up the niche for the promising but immature alternative, or should they continue to support the technology that already has attained a niche position? If this contradiction remains unsolved, there is a risk for conflicts that block the progress of both alternatives. The paper suggests that there is a need for differentiated policies to resolve the contraction. In order to facilitate further development of both systems, the paper suggests that niche nurturing for immature systems needs to be combined with redeployment into new market segments for more mature systems.
Speeding up European Electro-Mobility - How to electrify half of new car sales by 2030, 2017
Noxious diesel emissions far above official limits and the need to rapidly reduce-greenhouse gas... more Noxious diesel emissions far above official limits and the need to rapidly reduce-greenhouse gases generate widespread calls for banning fossil-fueled cars in Europe. This report shows that it is possible to electrify 50 per cent of all new cars in the EU by 2030.
This, however, requires massive investment in European battery production capacity, and a long-term commitment to sustainable supply of critical materials. In addition a large-scale expansion of the charging infrastructure is needed, in particular at home and at work places, which account for around 95 per cent of all battery charging. Moreover, local grids will need enforcement in most countries. The additional electricity demand must be satisfied at a time when many coal-fired and nuclear-based power plants will be decommissioned. Plug-in hy-brids, which combine a downsized combustion engine with an electric motor, will probably play an important role, both to relieve long-distance drivers of range anxiety and to reduce the demand for scarce virgin metals, in particular cobalt.
To make the shift happen, an EU-wide Zero Emission Vehicle (ZEV) mandate needs to be established from 2025, with planned stringency increases every second year or so. Such a regulation is less vulnerable to budget restraints and changing relative prices than financial incentives. At the same time, the regulatory demands on manufacturers to reduce CO2 emissions from combustions engines need to become more stringent and apply to all com-bustion engines, including those in plug-in hybrids. Such a combination of policies will make it possible to realize the overall target of 50 per cent electrification of new cars in a robust and flexible way.
International Journal of Automotive Technology and Managment, 9, 2, 148-173
Rising fuel prices and tightening regulations to curb greenhouse gases and other emissions have c... more Rising fuel prices and tightening regulations to curb greenhouse gases and other emissions have changed the parameters of competition in the global automotive industry, introducing new uncertainties, increased variation and technological turbulence. Many studies focus on the potential performance of 'alternative technologies', from fuel cells to battery electric cars. This paper starts from the other end: the competition unfolding in the real marketplace between today's most important fuel-saving technologies: the 'new' gasoline hybrid electric vehicle versus the 'old' but continuously evolving diesel power train. In the paper, these technological options are related to the evolution of the European and US markets and the innovation and sourcing strategies of Japanese and European manufacturers. A central finding is that the advent of the hybrid power train has intensified technological competition within the industry, but that it stands no real chance of replacing the evolving diesel in the foreseeable future. However, the competitiveness of technological trajectories must be distinguished from the fate of the firms engaged in these technologies. The paper ends with a discussion of the key factors influencing the outcome of this technology contest between the leading Japanese and European manufacturers
International Journal of Automotive Technology and Management, No.1, 93 - 114.
Sustainable mobility requires innovation in public transportation. This paper provides an in-dept... more Sustainable mobility requires innovation in public transportation. This paper provides an in-depth perspective on how a heavy vehicle maker with an entrenched tradition of incremental innovations is grappling to develop a radically new city bus with a series hybrid power-train. The study illustrates the managerial challenges involved in this innovation: the need for the company to exploit its core capabilities in areas such as diesel technology and modular design, and at the same time to overcome core rigidities embedded in its tradition of developing new vehicles in carefully planned small steps. The paper shows how the firm is responding to these challenges by using unconventional methods, such as the concurrent development of a new power-train and new bus designs, public demonstrations of early prototypes, advanced customer field testing, the creation of new competence structures, and the use of international events to set hard deadlines and maintain momentum.
Kina har länge setts som hela världens fabrik. Men låglöneproduktion är inte längre strategin för... more Kina har länge setts som hela världens fabrik. Men låglöneproduktion är inte längre strategin för fortsatt tillväxt. Siktet är nu inställt på smart produktion och ta att ta steget från ”Made in China” till ”Created by China”. Inspiration kommer från länder som Tyskland, USA och Japan som satsar stort på det som kallas den fjärde industriella revolutionen, symboliserat av begreppet Industri 4.0.
World Development, 39, 8, 1347-1357.
The growth of R&D in East Asia has triggered the notion of a new innovation geography, where R&D ... more The growth of R&D in East Asia has triggered the notion of a new innovation geography, where R&D is no longer a privilege of the traditional Triad regions. What does this mean for mid-sized emerging economies, without the scale advantages and bargaining power of India or China? This paper uses Turkey as a case to examine the continual unevenness of international R&D investments. By analyzing opportunities and limitations for local initiatives in the telecommunications, pharmaceutical and automotive industries the paper finds that active private capital, a sufficient scale of production and focused public policies are needed to attract international R&D
Objectives The paper presents data on the two problems of misconduct and marginality in managemen... more Objectives The paper presents data on the two problems of misconduct and marginality in management, business and economics (MBE) journals and their practices to combat these problems. Design Data was collected in three phases. First, all publicly retracted papers in MBE journals were identified through keywords searches in 7 major databases (n = 1329 journals). Second, a focused survey was distributed to editors involved in such retractions (n = 64; response rate = 28%). Finally, a survey was administered to all active journals in the seven databases to collect data on editors' perceptions and practices related to the two problems (n = 937, response rate = 31.8%). Frequency analyses, cross tabulations, and qualitative analyses of open answers were used to examine the data.
World Development, 2011
"The growth of R&D in East Asia has triggered the notion of a new innovation geography, where R&D... more "The growth of R&D in East Asia has triggered the notion of a new innovation geography, where R&D is no longer a
privilege of the traditional OECD countries. What does this mean for mid-sized emerging economies, without the scale advantages and bargaining power of India or China? This paper uses Turkey as a case to examine the continual unevenness of international R&D investments. By analyzing opportunities and limitations for local initiatives in the telecommunications, pharmaceutical, and automotive industries the paper finds that active private capital, a sufficient scale of production, and focused public policies are needed to attract international R&D.
Key words — R&D internationalization, emerging economies, Turkey, local initiatives, telecommunications, pharmaceutical,
automotive"
Ekonomisk debatt/utgiven av Nationalekonomiska föreningen, 2007
Stigande oljepriser och oro för framtida försörjning har lett till olika politiska initiativ, där... more Stigande oljepriser och oro för framtida försörjning har lett till olika politiska
initiativ, där förslagen från Kommissionen mot oljeberoende rönt stor uppmärksamhet.
För industrin och bostadsuppvärmningen är oljan redan på väg ut.
Vägtrafiken däremot visar en ökande trend och står i fokus för kommissionens
förslag: ”statligt stödd storskalig produktion av nya inhemska biodrivmedel”.
Denna artikel visar att åtgärder som minskar oljeanvändningen är ekonomiskt
och ekologiskt berättigade, men ifrågasätter de föreslagna medlen. Generella
styrmedel baserade på 1980-talets erfarenheter av bilindustrins anpassning vid
förändrade relativkostnader torde vara väsentligt mer effektiva.
Till 1960-talets utvecklingsoptimism horde tanken att den tek nologiska utvecklingenledde till en... more Till 1960-talets utvecklingsoptimism horde tanken att den tek nologiska utvecklingenledde till en yrkesstruktur med ett okande antal kvalificerade jobb. Under det gdngna decenniet har Harry Braverman med framgdng drivit den motsatta tesen. Har foljer en diskussion av arbetsutformning, fornyelse i ar betslivet och forandhngar iyrkesskicklighet utifran de allra se naste drens Braverman-debatt framst i den anglosachsiska varlden.
8th International Research Network on Organizing by Projects Conference, 2007}, 2007
This paper discusses a dilemma facing many contemporary organizations–how to combine fast and pro... more This paper discusses a dilemma facing many contemporary organizations–how to combine fast and productive product development and simultaneously handle (longterm) competence and technology development. Its point of departure is one of Sweden's most innovative companies, North, and its way of dealing with the issue by having its key inventors (Ernst et al. 2000) simultaneously engaged in both product development projects and so called competence projects. Participating in both highly focused product projects and more open ...
For a long time, research on innovation and technology development has focused on radical innovat... more For a long time, research on innovation and technology development has focused on radical innovations and studies of technological discontinuities. This preference is further supported by claims that the challenges of climate change require radical technological change. There has been much less interest in periods and processes of incremental change, where established architectures, components, and subsystems are improved and changed gradually. Recent research, however, indicates that incremental periods may be much more dynamic and innovation-intensive than previously assumed. The paper builds on these new insights and shows, based on a longitudinal case study of a stream of incremental product innovations at a car company, that cumulative incremental change may have a significant impact on product performance, emissions and the competitive positon of a firm. This strong impact, the study shows, is related to the possibilities of rapidly developing and implementing incremental innovations and of diffusing the innovations rapidly in targeted markets. However, it is also found that the realization of this potential requires a comprehensive development of managerial capabilities, focused on rapid pacing, parallel development, repeated tests and real-life experiments supported by a pragmatic science approach.
Abstract Since the 1960s, governments have sought to encourage technological development to reduc... more Abstract Since the 1960s, governments have sought to encourage technological development to reduce pollution. These efforts now include global greenhouse emissions, especially in sectors such as transport and energy generation. A variety of means are applied: general taxes and trading systems, subsidies and technology-forcing standards. At the macro-level, economists argue that general economic instruments are a more efficient way to regulate emissions than administrative or technology-specific measures.
This paper begins by consolidating industrial challenges and research issues concerning Product/S... more This paper begins by consolidating industrial challenges and research issues concerning Product/Service Systems obtained through various activities by the authors. Based on this, it points out the importance of the holistic view in further research in this area so that PSS providers do not fall into local optimization. The intent of this contribution to our research community includes shedding light on interesting issues that thus far have been relatively invisible and with narrower scope.
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Recently the role of individuals in knowledge formation and innovation has been rediscovered by s... more Recently the role of individuals in knowledge formation and innovation has been rediscovered by several authors. This paper builds on a study of extra inventive individuals, defined by their high patenting activity, in large technology-based firms to explore the importance of individual inventive activity also for firms in mature industries; to investigate the horizontal practices of these individuals and the role of collaboration; to understand how these horizontal practices permeate vertical innovation structures; and to extend the ...
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Brödner (ed.). Skill Based Automated Manufacturing. IFAC Workshop i Karlsruhe Sept, 1986
8th International Research Network on Organizing by Projects Conference: Brighton, Inglaterra, Jul 31, 2007
Effective project management is a key factor for innovations in complex technology areas, in brin... more Effective project management is a key factor for innovations in complex technology areas, in bringing together system capabilities to actually working systems and taking them to the customer. How then can innovative project management in this field be conceptualized, practiced and understood? These broad questions are the focus of this paper.
A long-standing research tradition has studied processes of late industrialization, with China as... more A long-standing research tradition has studied processes of late industrialization, with China as the most recent and publicized case. A strong trend among late industrializers is to move rapidly from manufacturing, to product design and to creation of indigenous R&D capabilities. This paper analyzes such a process taking place close to Europe, in the rapidly growing Turkish economy. Most of the literature on R&D internationalization and innovation in emerging economies studies the country level. To these studies the paper brings an important complement by analyzing the performance of individual innovating firms and the structural conditions underpinning their development, such as the role of state support, business group ownership and business group orientation. The paper builds on a comparative case study of two firms in the automotive and white goods industries, and their R&D and product development trajectory, and a brief comparison of the involved business group with other types of business group orientation in Turkey. Insights in innovative, knowledge-acquiring firms in emerging economies are key to understand the broader dynamics of the global knowledge economy, and the new challenges for technology-based firms in the West, where firms from the ´periphery´ suddenly emerge as competitors, not based on low cost but on innovation, patenting and product design. By showing that firms may pursue different roads to upgrading from close collaboration with multinational companies to independent strategies based on autonomous development of proprietary technological knowledge, the paper calls for a differentiated understanding of emerging economy dynamics.
R&D Management Conference, July, 2007
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After an extended period of technological stability, the automotive industry has entered an era o... more After an extended period of technological stability, the automotive industry has entered an era of ferment, triggered by regulatory, economic and technological changes. This ferment has also spread to powertrain development in the industry´s most conservative and least researched sector, heavy vehicles. All European heavy truck and bus majors are now experimenting with new powertrain technologies in small series, mostly in buses, and hybrid system suppliers from other industries have also entered the field. In an unprecedented move, Volvo departed from the industry majors´ cautious approach by launching a completely new powertrain platform for the London hybrid bus trial 2010-2012, and making this platform the standard for its future city buses in Europe. Does this signal an end to the industry´s persistent mono-design regime in powertrains? By employing a longitudinal approach, comparing Volvo and its niche-focused competitors both in the development and early market stages, the paper investigates the technology and market challenges involved in this discontinuous innovation, from technology selection and knowledge sourcing to market launch and the struggle to increase volume and reduce costs. The study brings new insights to the criticality of integrated rather than separated or modular approaches when developing technologies for discontinuous innovation in complex products; the need for manufacturers to make use of, but also to escape from idiosyncratic market niches; and the importance of broad competitive entries to seriously challenge dominant designs in this industry.
This paper discusses a dilemma facing many contemporary organizations–how to combine fast and pro... more This paper discusses a dilemma facing many contemporary organizations–how to combine fast and productive product development and simultaneously handle (longterm) competence and technology development. Its point of departure is one of Sweden's most innovative companies, North, and its way of dealing with the issue by having its key inventors (Ernst et al. 2000) simultaneously engaged in both product development projects and so called competence projects.
IFAC/IFIP/IMACS Symposium on Skill Based Automated Production, Nov 1, 1989
The authors discuss changes in the division of labour and the requirements for qualification alon... more The authors discuss changes in the division of labour and the requirements for qualification along the production chain concentrating on operations planning, NC programming and NC machining. The field of interest is companies within the engineering industry that use integrated CADCAM and NC machine tools. The paper is based on case studies in three large and seven small Swedish companies. Although all the large companies aim at group organizations, the change in NC machine work and division of labour vary from horizontal ...
Trenden mot outsourcing av tillverkning och produktionsresurser är stark inom industrin. Även om ... more Trenden mot outsourcing av tillverkning och produktionsresurser är stark inom industrin. Även om det saknas aktuella uppgifter på omfattningen är det svårt att finna några större industriföretag som inte tillämpar outsourcing som en del av strategin för effektivisering och förnyelse. En indikation på genomslaget är att förädlingsgraden inom verkstadsindustrin successivt minskar, den sjönk exempelvis från 31% 1990 ned till 25% 1998 (VI 1999).
Uddevalla Symposium,(Trollhattan, Jan 1, 2000
hig.se. Publications. ...
Stockholm: Royal Institute of Technology, Jan 1, 1991
Dagens Industri, 2005
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I denna rapport görs ett försök att jämföra strategierna för outsourcing inom Nokia och Ericsson,... more I denna rapport görs ett försök att jämföra strategierna för outsourcing inom Nokia och Ericsson, med tonvikt på företagens produktion av radiobasstationer. Resultaten från en preliminär version av denna rapport rönte stort intresse i massmedia under och efter sommaren 2002. I flera fall har dock resultaten övertolkats och i vissa fall även feltolkats. Detta föranleder oss till några förtydliganden kring rapportens ambition och status.
Dagens Nyheter, 2007
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Dagens nyheter, 2008
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Dagens Industri, 2006
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Kvartalskapitalism skapar inga dynamiska kluster–den senaste etiketten på en gammal vinnare i til... more Kvartalskapitalism skapar inga dynamiska kluster–den senaste etiketten på en gammal vinnare i tillväxtligan: Gnosjö. Det är dags att skrota förlegade modeller som ständigt upprepar att arbetsrätten, skattetrycket och byråkratin hämmar den ekonomiska utvecklingen och kväver den enskilde entreprenören. Det har aldrig hindrat Gnosjös framgångsrika småföretagare. Dessa sitter med fötterna fastklistrade i stabila lokala nätverk och ömsom konkurrerar ömsom samarbetar med varandra.
Swedish Economic Forum Report–en årligen återkommande forskningspublikation som utifrån kvalifice... more Swedish Economic Forum Report–en årligen återkommande forskningspublikation som utifrån kvalificerad forskning tar upp högaktuella och policyrelevanta frågor. Fokus kommer att ligga på de mikroekonomiska fundamenten för ekonomisk tillväxt, i synnerhet betydelsen av entreprenörskap, småföretagande och innovationer, för långsiktigt uthållig tillväxt. Syftet är att bidra till en fördjupad samhällsdebatt kring aktuella problem och presentera policyrekommendationer.