Dietrich Klemm | Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (original) (raw)
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Building stones and clay-rich Nile mud were ancient Egypt's main raw construction materials. Whil... more Building stones and clay-rich Nile mud were ancient Egypt's main raw construction materials. While the mud was easily accessible along the Nile river valley, the immense quantities of the different stone materials used for construction of the famous pyramids, precious temples and tombs needed a systematic quarrying organization, well arranged transport logistics over extreme distances and a high standard of stone masonry. The petrography, occurrence, and main applications of the 11 most popular stone types used in ancient Egypt are described in this contribution. Rough estimates of the scale of this mining activity, based on the volume of many different ancient quarry sites, all over Egypt, reveal that the monuments known today represent only a small fraction of the amount of building stones mined during the long, ancient Egyptian history.
The legendary wealth in gold of ancient Egypt seems to correspond with an unexpected high number ... more The legendary wealth in gold of ancient Egypt seems to correspond with an unexpected high number of gold production sites in the Eastern Desert of Egypt and Nubia. This contribution introduces briefly the general geology of these vast regions and discusses the geology of the different varieties of the primary gold occurrences (always related to auriferous quartz mineralization in veins or shear zones) as well as the variable physico-chemical genesis of the gold concentrations. The development of gold mining over time, from Predynastic (ca. 3000 BC) until the end of Arab gold production times (about 1350 AD), including the spectacular Pharaonic periods is outlined, with examples of its remaining artefacts, settlements and mining sites in remote regions of the Eastern Desert of Egypt and Nubia. Finally, some estimates on the scale of gold production are presented.
Bemerkungen zur Quantitativen Messung von Diffusionsvorgängen in Erzlagerstätten mit Hilfe der El... more Bemerkungen zur Quantitativen Messung von Diffusionsvorgängen in Erzlagerstätten mit Hilfe der Elektronenmikrosonde
Studien Zur Altagyptischen Kultur, 1998
Die in der ägyptologischen Literatur gemachten Vorschläge zur Lage von Hafenanlagen im Vorfeld de... more Die in der ägyptologischen Literatur gemachten Vorschläge zur Lage von Hafenanlagen im Vorfeld der Pyramiden des Alten Reiches können sich nur in seltenen Fällen auf direkte archäologische Befunde stützen. Durch Auswertung von Luftbildern, topographischen Karten und ...
Geologische Rundschau, 1966
Steine und Steinbrüche im Alten Ägypten, 1993
Steine und Steinbrüche im Alten Ägypten, 1993
Steine und Steinbrüche im Alten Ägypten, 1993
Steine und Steinbrüche im Alten Ägypten, 1993
Steine und Steinbrüche im Alten Ägypten, 1993
Steine und Steinbrüche im Alten Ägypten, 1993
Steine und Steinbrüche im Alten Ägypten, 1993
Steine und Steinbrüche im Alten Ägypten, 1993
Miner Depos, 1979
Banded iron formations of the so called • Lake Superior Type occur within the shelf regions of th... more Banded iron formations of the so called • Lake Superior Type occur within the shelf regions of the primitive precambrian cratonic continents. They appear roughly between the time interval of 2.5 to 1.7 billion years. This implies that their local occurrence is strictly limited to the precambrian areas where their world wide distribution is observed. Their mineral potential is enormous
MRS Proceedings, 1990
Abstract: Contour scaling is often observed on building facades, especially built from clay rich ... more Abstract: Contour scaling is often observed on building facades, especially built from clay rich sandstones. Shows that a soluble salt enriched zone and a decrease of the flexural strength below the stone surface can be detected even if a damage is not yet visible. A ...
Building stones and clay-rich Nile mud were ancient Egypt's main raw construction materials. Whil... more Building stones and clay-rich Nile mud were ancient Egypt's main raw construction materials. While the mud was easily accessible along the Nile river valley, the immense quantities of the different stone materials used for construction of the famous pyramids, precious temples and tombs needed a systematic quarrying organization, well arranged transport logistics over extreme distances and a high standard of stone masonry. The petrography, occurrence, and main applications of the 11 most popular stone types used in ancient Egypt are described in this contribution. Rough estimates of the scale of this mining activity, based on the volume of many different ancient quarry sites, all over Egypt, reveal that the monuments known today represent only a small fraction of the amount of building stones mined during the long, ancient Egyptian history.
The legendary wealth in gold of ancient Egypt seems to correspond with an unexpected high number ... more The legendary wealth in gold of ancient Egypt seems to correspond with an unexpected high number of gold production sites in the Eastern Desert of Egypt and Nubia. This contribution introduces briefly the general geology of these vast regions and discusses the geology of the different varieties of the primary gold occurrences (always related to auriferous quartz mineralization in veins or shear zones) as well as the variable physico-chemical genesis of the gold concentrations. The development of gold mining over time, from Predynastic (ca. 3000 BC) until the end of Arab gold production times (about 1350 AD), including the spectacular Pharaonic periods is outlined, with examples of its remaining artefacts, settlements and mining sites in remote regions of the Eastern Desert of Egypt and Nubia. Finally, some estimates on the scale of gold production are presented.
Bemerkungen zur Quantitativen Messung von Diffusionsvorgängen in Erzlagerstätten mit Hilfe der El... more Bemerkungen zur Quantitativen Messung von Diffusionsvorgängen in Erzlagerstätten mit Hilfe der Elektronenmikrosonde
Studien Zur Altagyptischen Kultur, 1998
Die in der ägyptologischen Literatur gemachten Vorschläge zur Lage von Hafenanlagen im Vorfeld de... more Die in der ägyptologischen Literatur gemachten Vorschläge zur Lage von Hafenanlagen im Vorfeld der Pyramiden des Alten Reiches können sich nur in seltenen Fällen auf direkte archäologische Befunde stützen. Durch Auswertung von Luftbildern, topographischen Karten und ...
Geologische Rundschau, 1966
Steine und Steinbrüche im Alten Ägypten, 1993
Steine und Steinbrüche im Alten Ägypten, 1993
Steine und Steinbrüche im Alten Ägypten, 1993
Steine und Steinbrüche im Alten Ägypten, 1993
Steine und Steinbrüche im Alten Ägypten, 1993
Steine und Steinbrüche im Alten Ägypten, 1993
Steine und Steinbrüche im Alten Ägypten, 1993
Steine und Steinbrüche im Alten Ägypten, 1993
Miner Depos, 1979
Banded iron formations of the so called • Lake Superior Type occur within the shelf regions of th... more Banded iron formations of the so called • Lake Superior Type occur within the shelf regions of the primitive precambrian cratonic continents. They appear roughly between the time interval of 2.5 to 1.7 billion years. This implies that their local occurrence is strictly limited to the precambrian areas where their world wide distribution is observed. Their mineral potential is enormous
MRS Proceedings, 1990
Abstract: Contour scaling is often observed on building facades, especially built from clay rich ... more Abstract: Contour scaling is often observed on building facades, especially built from clay rich sandstones. Shows that a soluble salt enriched zone and a decrease of the flexural strength below the stone surface can be detected even if a damage is not yet visible. A ...