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The purpose of this study was to examine the differences between female and male prison inmates u... more The purpose of this study was to examine the differences between female and male prison inmates using the Survey of Inmates of State and Federal Correctional Facilities, 1997. Variables examined included curren t offens e, cr iminal history, drug us e history, victimization history, program part icipation in the institution, disciplinary infrac tions in the institution, fam ily history, and interaction with family while in prison. Results indicate that male inmates have worse criminal histories and longer sentences than female inmates. Female inmates have more extensive drug use histories, greater victimization histories, more program participation in the institution, and more criminality in their families of origin than do males. Moreover, males had more numerous disciplinary infractions in the institution and more serious infractions. Females had greater interaction with family while in prison than did males. Implications for future research and correctional practice are discussed.

who has supported me throughout my program and especially through the completion of this disserta... more who has supported me throughout my program and especially through the completion of this dissertation. Thank you to my husband, Mark, for cooking your own dinner and taking over the housework. Amanda, thank you for forgiving me for not listening to you and turning down the many invitations to shop. To my son and his family, Wes, Maryann and my beautiful granddaughter, Emmeline, forgive my absence and thank you for understanding my lack of attention. Emme, I am glad that you are too young to understand why your MeiMei was thinking so deeply while pushing you higher and higher. Thank you to my brother, David, who kept me on track and allowed me to rant and complain Thank you Cheryl, for just being there to listen. Or course I wish to thank all of my committee and Nova Southeastern University. Thank you so much Dr. Jared Bucker for steering me back on the right track and keeping me sane, helping me through my many anxiety attacks and staying by my side through to the end.

Abstract The purpose of this analysis was to examine violent female crime and the limitations of... more Abstract

The purpose of this analysis was to examine violent female crime and the limitations of prior studies and criminological theory. This analytical discussion examined literature on a female's history of victimization, family and environment as well as studies on socio­ economic status. This analysis also explored available literature on differential association and self-control theory. Research indicated that females have an increased level of aggression as a result of victimization that leads to violent crime. Research also indicated that females resort to violence in defense of themselves and others. Using differential association with the help of self-control theory, the causality of female violent crime can be explained by a lack of self-control combined with an excess of criminal definitions.

The purpose of this study was to examine the differences between female and male prison inmates u... more The purpose of this study was to examine the differences between female and male prison inmates using the Survey of Inmates of State and Federal Correctional Facilities, 1997. Variables examined included curren t offens e, cr iminal history, drug us e history, victimization history, program part icipation in the institution, disciplinary infrac tions in the institution, fam ily history, and interaction with family while in prison. Results indicate that male inmates have worse criminal histories and longer sentences than female inmates. Female inmates have more extensive drug use histories, greater victimization histories, more program participation in the institution, and more criminality in their families of origin than do males. Moreover, males had more numerous disciplinary infractions in the institution and more serious infractions. Females had greater interaction with family while in prison than did males. Implications for future research and correctional practice are discussed.

The purpose of this study was to examine the differences between female and male prison inmates u... more The purpose of this study was to examine the differences between female and male prison inmates using the Survey of Inmates of State and Federal Correctional Facilities, 1997. Variables examined included curren t offens e, cr iminal history, drug us e history, victimization history, program part icipation in the institution, disciplinary infrac tions in the institution, fam ily history, and interaction with family while in prison. Results indicate that male inmates have worse criminal histories and longer sentences than female inmates. Female inmates have more extensive drug use histories, greater victimization histories, more program participation in the institution, and more criminality in their families of origin than do males. Moreover, males had more numerous disciplinary infractions in the institution and more serious infractions. Females had greater interaction with family while in prison than did males. Implications for future research and correctional practice are discussed.

Aggression and Violent Behavior, 2015

The transfer of jurisdiction of a juvenile to adult criminal court remains a highly debated subje... more The transfer of jurisdiction of a juvenile to adult criminal court remains a highly debated subject despite the changes in laws and judicial requirements. The juvenile court was designed to treat juveniles differently than adults and because of the cruel and unusual treatment that juvenile were receiving prior to the creation of the separate system. This study addresses the impact of waivers on preventing violent and delinquent juvenile behavior. This study shows research that waivers are a reaction of legislatures to the public’s fear of increasing violent behaviors by juveniles that is misleading and does not accurately depict the rate of violence by juveniles. Not all states use the same type of transfer for juveniles but every states uses some form of waivers that are designed to increase public safety, increase rehabilitation and deter future offending. This study shows that juvenile waivers to criminal court do not work at their anticipated outcomes and are only an answer to media myths and false information. The results of this study indicated that more intensive research is needed on whether adult prison offers rehabilitation, deters crime and increases public safety as was intended in waiving juveniles to adult court.

Faced with many of the two million youth arrested each year in the United States with mental illn... more Faced with many of the two million youth arrested each year in the United States with mental illness a change in the outcomes of adjudication of these youth is critical. There are numerous studies available that address sentencing outcomes for juveniles on the context of prior adjudication, environmental factors, peer associations, family dysfunction, and offender characteristics but none have focused primarily on mental illness. This study of literature will focus on how delinquent juveniles with mental illness are more often sentenced to confinement to receive mental health services. This study will include empirical evidence that adolescent offenders with a mental illness, sentenced to a form of confinement, have an increased risk to reoffend, lose their social bonds to family and are not receiving proper treatment to meet their mental health needs. This study will examine whether or not female juvenile offenders more often than males receive confinement for less serious offenses and are detained on longer sentences than their male counterparts (Espinosa et al., 2007). There must be a change in policy and legislature that focuses more on community based programs for youth with mental illness. Implications of this study and recommendations for further research will be discussed.

The purpose of this study was to examine the differences between female and male prison inmates u... more The purpose of this study was to examine the differences between female and male prison inmates using the Survey of Inmates of State and Federal Correctional Facilities, 1997. Variables examined included curren t offens e, cr iminal history, drug us e history, victimization history, program part icipation in the institution, disciplinary infrac tions in the institution, fam ily history, and interaction with family while in prison. Results indicate that male inmates have worse criminal histories and longer sentences than female inmates. Female inmates have more extensive drug use histories, greater victimization histories, more program participation in the institution, and more criminality in their families of origin than do males. Moreover, males had more numerous disciplinary infractions in the institution and more serious infractions. Females had greater interaction with family while in prison than did males. Implications for future research and correctional practice are discussed.

who has supported me throughout my program and especially through the completion of this disserta... more who has supported me throughout my program and especially through the completion of this dissertation. Thank you to my husband, Mark, for cooking your own dinner and taking over the housework. Amanda, thank you for forgiving me for not listening to you and turning down the many invitations to shop. To my son and his family, Wes, Maryann and my beautiful granddaughter, Emmeline, forgive my absence and thank you for understanding my lack of attention. Emme, I am glad that you are too young to understand why your MeiMei was thinking so deeply while pushing you higher and higher. Thank you to my brother, David, who kept me on track and allowed me to rant and complain Thank you Cheryl, for just being there to listen. Or course I wish to thank all of my committee and Nova Southeastern University. Thank you so much Dr. Jared Bucker for steering me back on the right track and keeping me sane, helping me through my many anxiety attacks and staying by my side through to the end.

Abstract The purpose of this analysis was to examine violent female crime and the limitations of... more Abstract

The purpose of this analysis was to examine violent female crime and the limitations of prior studies and criminological theory. This analytical discussion examined literature on a female's history of victimization, family and environment as well as studies on socio­ economic status. This analysis also explored available literature on differential association and self-control theory. Research indicated that females have an increased level of aggression as a result of victimization that leads to violent crime. Research also indicated that females resort to violence in defense of themselves and others. Using differential association with the help of self-control theory, the causality of female violent crime can be explained by a lack of self-control combined with an excess of criminal definitions.

The purpose of this study was to examine the differences between female and male prison inmates u... more The purpose of this study was to examine the differences between female and male prison inmates using the Survey of Inmates of State and Federal Correctional Facilities, 1997. Variables examined included curren t offens e, cr iminal history, drug us e history, victimization history, program part icipation in the institution, disciplinary infrac tions in the institution, fam ily history, and interaction with family while in prison. Results indicate that male inmates have worse criminal histories and longer sentences than female inmates. Female inmates have more extensive drug use histories, greater victimization histories, more program participation in the institution, and more criminality in their families of origin than do males. Moreover, males had more numerous disciplinary infractions in the institution and more serious infractions. Females had greater interaction with family while in prison than did males. Implications for future research and correctional practice are discussed.

The purpose of this study was to examine the differences between female and male prison inmates u... more The purpose of this study was to examine the differences between female and male prison inmates using the Survey of Inmates of State and Federal Correctional Facilities, 1997. Variables examined included curren t offens e, cr iminal history, drug us e history, victimization history, program part icipation in the institution, disciplinary infrac tions in the institution, fam ily history, and interaction with family while in prison. Results indicate that male inmates have worse criminal histories and longer sentences than female inmates. Female inmates have more extensive drug use histories, greater victimization histories, more program participation in the institution, and more criminality in their families of origin than do males. Moreover, males had more numerous disciplinary infractions in the institution and more serious infractions. Females had greater interaction with family while in prison than did males. Implications for future research and correctional practice are discussed.

Aggression and Violent Behavior, 2015

The transfer of jurisdiction of a juvenile to adult criminal court remains a highly debated subje... more The transfer of jurisdiction of a juvenile to adult criminal court remains a highly debated subject despite the changes in laws and judicial requirements. The juvenile court was designed to treat juveniles differently than adults and because of the cruel and unusual treatment that juvenile were receiving prior to the creation of the separate system. This study addresses the impact of waivers on preventing violent and delinquent juvenile behavior. This study shows research that waivers are a reaction of legislatures to the public’s fear of increasing violent behaviors by juveniles that is misleading and does not accurately depict the rate of violence by juveniles. Not all states use the same type of transfer for juveniles but every states uses some form of waivers that are designed to increase public safety, increase rehabilitation and deter future offending. This study shows that juvenile waivers to criminal court do not work at their anticipated outcomes and are only an answer to media myths and false information. The results of this study indicated that more intensive research is needed on whether adult prison offers rehabilitation, deters crime and increases public safety as was intended in waiving juveniles to adult court.

Faced with many of the two million youth arrested each year in the United States with mental illn... more Faced with many of the two million youth arrested each year in the United States with mental illness a change in the outcomes of adjudication of these youth is critical. There are numerous studies available that address sentencing outcomes for juveniles on the context of prior adjudication, environmental factors, peer associations, family dysfunction, and offender characteristics but none have focused primarily on mental illness. This study of literature will focus on how delinquent juveniles with mental illness are more often sentenced to confinement to receive mental health services. This study will include empirical evidence that adolescent offenders with a mental illness, sentenced to a form of confinement, have an increased risk to reoffend, lose their social bonds to family and are not receiving proper treatment to meet their mental health needs. This study will examine whether or not female juvenile offenders more often than males receive confinement for less serious offenses and are detained on longer sentences than their male counterparts (Espinosa et al., 2007). There must be a change in policy and legislature that focuses more on community based programs for youth with mental illness. Implications of this study and recommendations for further research will be discussed.