Heather Wardle | London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (original) (raw)

Papers by Heather Wardle

International Gambling Studies, Jul 4, 2022

Background and aims 1.2 Overview of survey design 1.2.1 Sample and response 1.2.2 Weighting 1.3 C... more Background and aims 1.2 Overview of survey design 1.2.1 Sample and response 1.2.2 Weighting 1.3 Caveats 1.4 Report conventions 2 PARTICIPATION IN GAMBLING ACTIVITIES 2.1 Definition of gambling used in the survey 2.2 Gambling activities in the past year 2.2.1 Participation in gambling activities in the past year 2.2.2 Participation rates for past year gamblers only 2.2.3 Frequency of gambling 2.2.4 Comparison of participation rates in 2007 with those in 1999 2.2.5 Relationship between different types of gambling activities 2.3 Gambling activities in the past week 2.3.1 The questions asked 2.3.2 Participation in gambling activities in the past week 2.3.3 Number of gambling activities in the past week 2.3.4 Comparison with past week gambling in 1999 2.3.5 Where or how people gamble 2.4 Expenditure 2.4.1 Introduction 2.4.2 Past week net expenditure 2.4.3 Past week net expenditure by gender 2.4.4 Discussion British Gambling Prevalence Survey 2007 3 PROFILE OF GAMBLERS 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Past year gambling by age 3.3 Past year gambling by marital status 3.4 Past year gambling by ethnic group 3.5 Past year gambling by economic activity of household reference person 3.6 Past year gambling by NS-SEC of household reference person 3.7 Past year gambling by equivalised household income 3.8 Past year gambling by highest educational qualification 3.9 Past year gambling by health and lifestyle characteristics 3.10 Comparison of past year and past week gamblers 4 THE PREVALENCE OF PROBLEM GAMBLING 4.1 5 Contents 6 ATTITUDES TOWARDS GAMBLING 6.1 Development of a scale of gambling attitudes 6.2 Design of the Attitudes Towards Gambling Scale (ATGS) 6.3 Deriving the ATGS score 6.4 Attitudes towards gambling in the population 6.4.1 Overall 6.4.2 How attitudes towards gambling vary by socio-demographic groups 6.5 How attitudes towards gambling vary by gambling behaviour and other factors APPENDIX 1 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SAMPLE A1.1 Introduction A1.2 Age and sex distribution A1.3 Marital status A1.4 NS-SEC of household reference person A1.5 Qualifications A1.6 Ethnic group A1.7 Self-reported general health status A1.8 Country of residence APPENDIX 2 METHODOLOGY A2.1 Questionnaire development A2.2 Questionnaire content A2.3 Sample A2.4 Data collection A2.4.1 Timing of fieldwork A2.4.2 Approach A2.5 Response A2.6 Data processing A2.7 Weighting A2.8 Scoring the problem gambling screening instruments A2.8.1 Introduction A2.8.2 Scoring the DSM IV A2.8.3 Scoring the PGSI A2.9 Scoring the attitude scale A2.10 Calculating expenditure A2.11 Data analysis and reporting APPENDIX 3 QUESTIONNAIRES British Gambling Prevalence Survey 2007

The British Journal of Social Work

Gambling harms are disproportionately experienced among disadvantaged groups and as such, adult s... more Gambling harms are disproportionately experienced among disadvantaged groups and as such, adult social care (ASC) practitioners are well-placed to identify and support affected individuals. There exists no evidence-based ‘introductory’ question for practitioners to identify those at risk of gambling harms, which includes family and friends (‘affected others’). To develop an ‘introductory’ question for use in English ASC, we conducted a scoping review that identified fifteen potential questions. Questions were refined through expert panel review groups (n = 13), cognitive interviewing (n = 18), test–retest reliability checks (n = 20) and validity testing (n = 2,100) against gold-standard measures of problem gambling behaviour. The question development process produced two questions suitable for testing in local authority (LA) ASC departments. These were (i) ‘Do you feel you are affected by any gambling, either your own or someone else’s?’ and (ii) ‘If you or someone close to you gamb...

NIHR Policy Research Unit in Health and Social Care Workforce, Policy Institute at King's, King's College London and London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Jul 20, 2020

Foreword by Neil McArthur, CEO Gambling Commission Collaboration to better understand gambling-re... more Foreword by Neil McArthur, CEO Gambling Commission Collaboration to better understand gambling-related harms I am very pleased to welcome this report-a result of close collaboration involving the Gambling Commission and GambleAware, and led by our expert advisers the Responsible Gambling Strategy Board based on the input of an expert group of academics and researchers. The Gambling Commission exists to safeguard consumers and the wider public by making gambling fairer and safer. To do this we need to balance consumer choice and enjoyment against the risks gambling can create and its impact on wider society. Working with partners to gain a better understanding of gambling-related harms is one of the priorities we set in our three-year strategy, Making gambling fairer and safer. This document is a key step towards a better understanding of gambling-related harms. Gambling-related harms include impacts on relationships, finances and health. They are experienced by individuals, families, communities, the economy and society as whole. This report provides a useful framework to consider how these harms can be measured and understood better. But the authors do not intend it to be definitive. It is a platform for further input and for taking the next steps on a set of priority topics where work can be focused on gathering the evidence we require. A number of people have contributed helpful advice and support in the production of this document. We would like to thank members of the Responsible Gambling Strategy Board who have commented on and reviewed drafts. Thanks are also due to Marc Etches and

Addictive Behaviors, 2019

The stigma of problem gambling: Causes, characteristics and consequences. Victoria Responsible Ga... more The stigma of problem gambling: Causes, characteristics and consequences. Victoria Responsible Gambling Foundation: Victoria, Australia. Accessed May 23, 2018, from http://apo.org.au/system/files/60656/apo-nid60656-54561.pdf *Crentsil, P. (2015). Migrant women's gambling in Finland: Intersections of culture, attitudes and contestations. In G. Martinotti and H. Bowden-Jones (Eds.), Gambling: Cultural attitudes, motivations and impact on quality of life (pp. 59-88). Nova Science Publishers: United Kingdom. *Feldman, S., Radermacher, H., Anderson, C., & Dickins, M. (2014). A qualitative investigation of the experiences, attitudes and beliefs about gambling in the Chinese and Tamil communities in Victoria. Victoria, Australia: Victorian Responsible Gambling Foundation. Accessed May 25, 2018, from https://responsiblegambling.vic.gov.au/documents/78/Research-reportchinese-and-tamil-communities.pdf *Crentsil, P. (2014). African migrants' gambling in Finland: Culture, hierarchies, and values.

GambleAware, May 17, 2019

Concern has been raised about a possible relationship between problem gambling and suicidality, b... more Concern has been raised about a possible relationship between problem gambling and suicidality, but relatively few studies have examined this. To strengthen the evidence base, Gamble Aware commissioned a project with two objectives. Firstly, to establish whether problem gambling and suicidality are associated. And secondly, to review what data exist or could be collected in order to investigate any association in more depth. This report addresses the project’s first objective. A subsequent report will address the second objective

Health & Social Care in the Community

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which... more This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

SSM Annual Scientific Meeting

The Global Gambling Industry, 2022

This article argues that the framing of gambling is crucial for how it is dealt with at every lev... more This article argues that the framing of gambling is crucial for how it is dealt with at every level; from legislative, regulatory and commercial practice to the terms of media and civic debate. Whoever frames the debate has power over the ways that we can and cannot think about gambling, as well as what we can do about it.We take the example of Britain as a case study in which, despite recent repeated calls for gambling to be regarded as a public health issue, it continues to be framed primarily in terms of economic activity and consumerism. We argue that this framing is the product of a particular political-economic model and that it is embedded in legislation and regulatory practice. We go on to describe the commercial landscape of gambling that has been produced by this framework as one which produces harm. As such, we make the point that framing is a key component of the commercial determinants of harm in gambling. The final section of our paper considers the various forms of po...

International Gambling Studies, 2020

Competitive video gaming (esports) is a growing multinational , billion-dollar industry. Esports ... more Competitive video gaming (esports) is a growing multinational , billion-dollar industry. Esports cultures replicate traditional sports cultures, involving elite athletes, teams, league sponsorships, large viewing audiences, high profile leagues and championships, and opportunities to bet on outcomes. However, little is known about people who bet on esports, it is generally considered a niche practice. Using data from the Emerging Adults Gambling Study, a nonprobability survey of 3549 people aged 16-24 living in Great Britain, the profile of esports bettors was compared with those who bet on other sports and non-gamblers. Those who bet on esports were more likely to be male, to be from nonwhite ethnic groups, to be heavily involved in playing digital games themselves, and to have higher rates of gambling involvement and problem gambling. Multivariate analysis showed a strong relationship between engaging in gambling-like practices within digital games and esports betting (for example, the purchase of loot boxes for money, or betting skins on external websites). Frequency of playing digital games was not associated with esports betting, suggesting it is not how often someone engages with digital games that is correlated with esports betting, but rather the different type of practices they undertake when playing video games.