Ramona Rupeika-Apoga | University of Latvia (original) (raw)
Papers by Ramona Rupeika-Apoga
Risks, Aug 23, 2022
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
Risks, Oct 14, 2021
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
Palgrave studies in financial Services Technology, 2023
Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research, May 11, 2022
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
In 2 parts. Separate summary in Latvian and English, 63 p.Available from Latvian Academic Library... more In 2 parts. Separate summary in Latvian and English, 63 p.Available from Latvian Academic Library / LAL - Latvian Academic LibrarySIGLELVLatvi
Contemporary studies in economic and financial analysis, Oct 28, 2016
.
European Research Studies Journal, Nov 1, 2018
In recent years, international financial centres have become one of the most important elements o... more In recent years, international financial centres have become one of the most important elements of the international financial system. Increasing globalization of the world economy raises the role and influence of international financial centres (IFC) due to extending scope of activities of IFC that currently includes financial markets, international financial and lending relations, insurance, etc. Financial centres make a substantial contribution to the overall economic development and growth of the country. The establishment and development of financial centres is a quite complex and complicated process that combines various historical, geographic, social, economic and political factors. The establishment of international financial centres is related to financial liberalization processes as well as globalization of the financial market. According to the history of financial centres, a number of factors contribute to their establishment and development: geographic location, multicultural factors, liberal legislation, stimulating tax and customs policies, immigration legislation, competitive costs of financial services, etc. However, it is not always that financial centres are established in places with favourable economic, political and social factors. It requires both a combination and interaction of different factors, as well as political will and success. The aim of the paper is basing on the examination of the factors influencing establishment of IFC, to analyze the directions of the competitiveness enhancement of Riga International Financial Centre by identifying its potential niche. The following research methods have been used in the paper: generally accepted quantitative and qualitative methods of economic research, including comparative analysis and synthesis, graphic methods, expert methods, SWOT analysis.
Journal of risk and financial management, Feb 17, 2023
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
Contemporary studies in economic and financial analysis, Oct 28, 2016
Abstract The availability of funding is one of the key problems in the small and medium-sized bus... more Abstract The availability of funding is one of the key problems in the small and medium-sized business not only in Europe but also all over the world economic space. The lack of funds results in the starvation of the economy preventing it from full-fledged development. The aim of the research is to analyze the factors that interfere with the availability of funding to the small and medium-sized companies, by developing the profiles of SMEs and to give recommendations for the more effective raising of funds. During the research the following research methods were used: the generally accepted quantitative and qualitative research methods in economics, including the comparative analysis and synthesis and graphical depiction. The results of the analyses will be discussed and recommendation will be provided for policy makers and academician in the last section.
Risk Management and Healthcare Policy, Nov 1, 2021
Purpose: To statistically validate the PREM (Pandemic Risk Exposure Measurement) model devised in... more Purpose: To statistically validate the PREM (Pandemic Risk Exposure Measurement) model devised in a previous paper by the authors and determine the model's relationship with the level of current COVID-19 cases (NLCC) and the level of current deaths related to COVID-19 (NLCD) based on the real country data. Methods: We used perceived variables proposed in a previous study by the same lead authors and applied the latest available real data values for 154 countries. Two endogenous real data variables (NLCC) and (NLCD) were added. Data were transformed to measurable values using a Likert scale of 1 to 5. The resulting data for each variable were entered into SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) version 26 and Amos (Analysis of a Moment Structures) version 21 and subjected to statistical analysis, specifically exploratory factor analysis, Cronbach's alpha and confirmatory factor analysis. Results: The results obtained confirmed a 4-factor structure and that the PREM model using real data is statistically reliable and valid. However, the variable Q14-hospital beds available per capita (1000 inhabitants) had to be excluded from the analysis because it loaded under more than one factor and the difference between the factor common variance was less than 0.10. Moreover, its Factor 1 and Factor 3 with NLCC and Factor 1 with NLCD showed a statistically significant relationship. Conclusion: Therefore, the developed PREM model moves from a perception-based model to reality. By proposing a model that allows governments and policymakers to take a proactive approach, the negative impact of a pandemic on the functioning of a country can be reduced. The PREM model is useful for decision-makers to know what factors make the country more vulnerable to a pandemic and, if possible, to manage or set tolerances as part of a preventive measure.
Journal of Risk and Financial Management
In this study, we examined the influence of users’ experiences with the unified payments interfac... more In this study, we examined the influence of users’ experiences with the unified payments interface (UPI) system on the usage behavior of central bank digital currency (CBDC) in India. Our research developed a novel conceptual framework that investigated the relationships between technology, cognitive factors, and behavioral intentions towards CBDC use. The framework integrated UPI usage experience as a moderator within existing models of behavioral intentions and use behaviors. We collected data through a survey conducted in major Indian cities during the pilot launch of CBDC. By utilizing a partial least squares structural equation model (PLS-SEM), we analyzed the proposed model and the relationships between the constructs. Our findings revealed the significant impact of hedonic motivation and performance expectancy on users’ behavioral intentions towards CBDC. Social influence also played a significant role in CBDC usage. Furthermore, we identified that prior UPI usage negatively ...
Journal of Risk and Financial Management
Agricultural commodity markets are critical to the global economy. This study investigates the pr... more Agricultural commodity markets are critical to the global economy. This study investigates the price discovery mechanism, lead-lag relationship, and volatility spillover between spot prices on the National Agriculture Market (E-NAM) and futures and spot prices on the National Commodity and Derivative Exchange (NCDEX) in the Indian agricultural commodity market. The Johansen Cointegration, Vector Error Correction (VEC), Granger causality tests, and bivariate GARCH models were applied to daily data from April 2016 to December 2020 for twelve agricultural commodities traded on the E-NAM and NCDEX. We discovered the long-run relationship using the Johansen Cointegration test and concluded that the NCDEX spot and futures market is dominant in the price discovery mechanism, and the NCDEX futures and spot markets lead the E-NAM spot prices having a unidirectional or bidirectional relationship. Furthermore, the bivariate GARCH model suggested a volatility spillover from E-NAM spot prices to...
Risks
The aim of this study was to investigate the Granger causality between geopolitical risk (GPR) su... more The aim of this study was to investigate the Granger causality between geopolitical risk (GPR) sub-indices in order to examine the implications of geopolitical risk on ten agricultural commodities classified as softs or grains. The Granger causality test was used to determine the causal relationship between the daily GPR sub-indices and the future prices of ten essential agricultural commodities from 31 March 2000 to 31 March 2022. We discovered that the GPR Threat and Act sub-indices Granger-caused changes in the wheat and oat commodity prices. These findings were also connected to the ongoing Russian–Ukrainian conflict, which has had an impact on agricultural commodity prices because both countries are major agricultural producers. The empirical results also showed how the GPR Threat sub-index Granger-affected the future prices of soybean oil, coffee, wheat, and oats. On the other hand, the GPR Act sub-index only Granger-affected the future price of oats. The findings of this stud...
Journal of Risk and Financial Management
The study’s aim is to investigate how FinTech users’ perceived risk influences their continuance ... more The study’s aim is to investigate how FinTech users’ perceived risk influences their continuance intention to use FinTech services. The new model, which was based on the Expectation Confirmation Model, was created to achieve the study’s aim. The Partial Least Square Structural Equation Model was used to investigate the proposed model and the relationship between the adopted constructs. The sample consists of 802 individual survey responses from northern India from April to June 2022. The proposed model explains 45.4% of the variance in the continuance intention of FinTech users, which is significantly influenced by perceived usefulness and satisfaction. Furthermore, perceived risk, as a moderator, significantly moderates continuance intention through satisfaction and satisfaction through confirmation. However, perceived risk was found to have an insignificant moderating effect on the relationship between perceived usefulness and satisfaction as well as perceived usefulness and conti...
Journal of Risk and Financial Management
The cryptocurrency market has enormous growth potential. In this study, the aim is to investigate... more The cryptocurrency market has enormous growth potential. In this study, the aim is to investigate how the news (shocks) affects cryptocurrency market volatility. This is significant because, while cryptocurrencies are gaining popularity among investors, the market’s extreme volatility discourages some prospective buyers, while also causing large losses for inexperienced investors. From 8 March 2019 to 30 November 2022, data from Bitcoin, Binance Coin, Ethereum, Dogecoin, and XRP were collected for the current study. The E-GARCH model was applied to the framed dataset to achieve the research aim. We discovered that the value of the size factor for all currencies was statistically significant, indicating that the news (shocks) significantly impacts volatility. Furthermore, volatility persistence in all cryptocurrencies is found to be very high and statistically significant. These study findings can help investors understand the impact of the news (shocks) on volatility in cryptocurren...
Journal of Risk and Financial Management
The vast majority of articles on risk in agile-managed projects fail to adequately address the in... more The vast majority of articles on risk in agile-managed projects fail to adequately address the interplay between the agile methodology, the risk management process, and the elements that ultimately determine the success or failure of the project. Too frequently, processes and models are given undue priority over the human element. The aim of this article is to create a risk management model for agile I.T. projects (AGP model). The study sample consists of 1868 valid survey responses from European and Asian countries received between February 2022 and January 2023. We subjected the data to Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Cronbach’s alpha to identify four key factors for dealing with risks in I.T. projects and create the AGP model. The proposed AGP model outlines up to 76% variability in the potential risks that could arise during an I.T. project’s deployment. The findings of this study are critical for project managers, I.T. professionals, developers, and system architects invo...
Risks
The current study is primarily concerned with the developments in financial technology, or fintec... more The current study is primarily concerned with the developments in financial technology, or fintech, that have significantly altered traditional financial systems, focusing on several risk categories that have emerged in the financial technology sector’s digital ecosystem. This paper is a review of existing literature related to the risk landscape in fintech, particularly its publication trend, journal productivity, impact, affiliated organizations, and related themes. A bibliometric and content analysis of 84 articles collected through Scopus’ structured database is performed for a comprehensive review. It is revealed that financial technology development has decreased physical crime while simultaneously increasing cybercrime. Another challenge is the asymmetrical technology between financial markets and the relevant supervisors. These current issues necessitate the creation of an Act on Fintech to create a comprehensive legislative framework. The present study’s findings are helpfu...
Risks
The synthesis of technology and finance is known as financial technology (Fintech), which brings ... more The synthesis of technology and finance is known as financial technology (Fintech), which brings together two of the biggest industries in harmony. Fintech disruption is a deviation from the norm, resulting in a significant shift in banking services and, as a result, risk. This article aims to investigate how Fintech has influenced recent changes in the banking industry and upcoming challenges, with a particular emphasis on blockchain technology. We perform a comprehensive thematic analysis of recent studies on Fintech in the banking industry. We found that Fintech has enormous potential to grow and impact the banking industry and the entire world. The banking industry could benefit from combining emerging technologies such as blockchain, AI, machine learning, or other decision-making layers. However, with the benefits come drawbacks, such as increased reliance on technology, high costs, increased job losses, security risks related to data and fraud, and so on. The use of emerging t...
University of Latvia, 2019
How the banking strategy in Latvia is changing? How can banks increase the number of active clien... more How the banking strategy in Latvia is changing? How can banks increase the number of active clients? Are banks in Latvia focusing to attract new clients or prefer to work with the existing client portfolio? How can the retail banking sector in Latvia impact the customer loyalty? The regulation developed by the Basel Committee and the regulations of The Financial and Capital Market Commission impacted the number of banks in Latvia and the number of active clients in retail banking. Latvian banks are getting more flexible in customer services and actively working to increase customer loyalty. If previously banks actively attracted the new clients to increase the number of customers, now banks are working to increase the number of active loyal clients. Only a totally complacent customer will be a loyal customer. The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of customer emotional attachment on customer loyalty to the provided goods and services in the retail banking sector in Latvia. The authors used their developed questionnaire that was aimed to the main factors that can increase the customer loyalty. The profitability of each bank directly depends on customer loyalty and how many customers return for goods and services. The main object of loyalty is customer emotional attachment, which is the determining factor in decision making in retail banking. The customer's emotions and feelings drive his/her choice. When banks interact with customers' emotions, the income could be considerable. That is why it is significant to research customer emotions to create long term partnership in retail banking. Research methods used are clients' survey in the retail banking sector in Latvia. The banks branding, the personality of produced goods and services, the customer experience and trust, the digitalization and innovation tendency are the factors that can emotionally attach the customer. All these factors, from the new product and services development till the daily provided, affect the customers' value to the bank. As the main result, the strategic goal is to have emotional attached customers in retail banking of Latvia.
Journal of Risk and Financial Management
Utilizing natural resources wisely, reducing pollution, and taking other environmental factors in... more Utilizing natural resources wisely, reducing pollution, and taking other environmental factors into account are now critical to the prospects for long-term economic growth and, by extension, sustainable development. We investigate the impact of total natural resource rents (NRR) on India’s GDP in this study. The data sample consists of NRR and GDP data from the World Bank’s official website collected between 1993 and 2020. In the study, the Granger causality test and an augmented autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bound test were used. The NNR have a significant impact on India’s GDP, according to the results of the ARDL model on the framed time series data set. Furthermore, the ARDL bound test reveals that the NRR have a significant short-term and long-term impact on the GDP of the Indian economy. This research contributes to understanding whether an exclusive policy is required for effective management of the complex interactions between various forces in the economic, politica...
Risks, Aug 23, 2022
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
Risks, Oct 14, 2021
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
Palgrave studies in financial Services Technology, 2023
Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research, May 11, 2022
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
In 2 parts. Separate summary in Latvian and English, 63 p.Available from Latvian Academic Library... more In 2 parts. Separate summary in Latvian and English, 63 p.Available from Latvian Academic Library / LAL - Latvian Academic LibrarySIGLELVLatvi
Contemporary studies in economic and financial analysis, Oct 28, 2016
.
European Research Studies Journal, Nov 1, 2018
In recent years, international financial centres have become one of the most important elements o... more In recent years, international financial centres have become one of the most important elements of the international financial system. Increasing globalization of the world economy raises the role and influence of international financial centres (IFC) due to extending scope of activities of IFC that currently includes financial markets, international financial and lending relations, insurance, etc. Financial centres make a substantial contribution to the overall economic development and growth of the country. The establishment and development of financial centres is a quite complex and complicated process that combines various historical, geographic, social, economic and political factors. The establishment of international financial centres is related to financial liberalization processes as well as globalization of the financial market. According to the history of financial centres, a number of factors contribute to their establishment and development: geographic location, multicultural factors, liberal legislation, stimulating tax and customs policies, immigration legislation, competitive costs of financial services, etc. However, it is not always that financial centres are established in places with favourable economic, political and social factors. It requires both a combination and interaction of different factors, as well as political will and success. The aim of the paper is basing on the examination of the factors influencing establishment of IFC, to analyze the directions of the competitiveness enhancement of Riga International Financial Centre by identifying its potential niche. The following research methods have been used in the paper: generally accepted quantitative and qualitative methods of economic research, including comparative analysis and synthesis, graphic methods, expert methods, SWOT analysis.
Journal of risk and financial management, Feb 17, 2023
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
Contemporary studies in economic and financial analysis, Oct 28, 2016
Abstract The availability of funding is one of the key problems in the small and medium-sized bus... more Abstract The availability of funding is one of the key problems in the small and medium-sized business not only in Europe but also all over the world economic space. The lack of funds results in the starvation of the economy preventing it from full-fledged development. The aim of the research is to analyze the factors that interfere with the availability of funding to the small and medium-sized companies, by developing the profiles of SMEs and to give recommendations for the more effective raising of funds. During the research the following research methods were used: the generally accepted quantitative and qualitative research methods in economics, including the comparative analysis and synthesis and graphical depiction. The results of the analyses will be discussed and recommendation will be provided for policy makers and academician in the last section.
Risk Management and Healthcare Policy, Nov 1, 2021
Purpose: To statistically validate the PREM (Pandemic Risk Exposure Measurement) model devised in... more Purpose: To statistically validate the PREM (Pandemic Risk Exposure Measurement) model devised in a previous paper by the authors and determine the model's relationship with the level of current COVID-19 cases (NLCC) and the level of current deaths related to COVID-19 (NLCD) based on the real country data. Methods: We used perceived variables proposed in a previous study by the same lead authors and applied the latest available real data values for 154 countries. Two endogenous real data variables (NLCC) and (NLCD) were added. Data were transformed to measurable values using a Likert scale of 1 to 5. The resulting data for each variable were entered into SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) version 26 and Amos (Analysis of a Moment Structures) version 21 and subjected to statistical analysis, specifically exploratory factor analysis, Cronbach's alpha and confirmatory factor analysis. Results: The results obtained confirmed a 4-factor structure and that the PREM model using real data is statistically reliable and valid. However, the variable Q14-hospital beds available per capita (1000 inhabitants) had to be excluded from the analysis because it loaded under more than one factor and the difference between the factor common variance was less than 0.10. Moreover, its Factor 1 and Factor 3 with NLCC and Factor 1 with NLCD showed a statistically significant relationship. Conclusion: Therefore, the developed PREM model moves from a perception-based model to reality. By proposing a model that allows governments and policymakers to take a proactive approach, the negative impact of a pandemic on the functioning of a country can be reduced. The PREM model is useful for decision-makers to know what factors make the country more vulnerable to a pandemic and, if possible, to manage or set tolerances as part of a preventive measure.
Journal of Risk and Financial Management
In this study, we examined the influence of users’ experiences with the unified payments interfac... more In this study, we examined the influence of users’ experiences with the unified payments interface (UPI) system on the usage behavior of central bank digital currency (CBDC) in India. Our research developed a novel conceptual framework that investigated the relationships between technology, cognitive factors, and behavioral intentions towards CBDC use. The framework integrated UPI usage experience as a moderator within existing models of behavioral intentions and use behaviors. We collected data through a survey conducted in major Indian cities during the pilot launch of CBDC. By utilizing a partial least squares structural equation model (PLS-SEM), we analyzed the proposed model and the relationships between the constructs. Our findings revealed the significant impact of hedonic motivation and performance expectancy on users’ behavioral intentions towards CBDC. Social influence also played a significant role in CBDC usage. Furthermore, we identified that prior UPI usage negatively ...
Journal of Risk and Financial Management
Agricultural commodity markets are critical to the global economy. This study investigates the pr... more Agricultural commodity markets are critical to the global economy. This study investigates the price discovery mechanism, lead-lag relationship, and volatility spillover between spot prices on the National Agriculture Market (E-NAM) and futures and spot prices on the National Commodity and Derivative Exchange (NCDEX) in the Indian agricultural commodity market. The Johansen Cointegration, Vector Error Correction (VEC), Granger causality tests, and bivariate GARCH models were applied to daily data from April 2016 to December 2020 for twelve agricultural commodities traded on the E-NAM and NCDEX. We discovered the long-run relationship using the Johansen Cointegration test and concluded that the NCDEX spot and futures market is dominant in the price discovery mechanism, and the NCDEX futures and spot markets lead the E-NAM spot prices having a unidirectional or bidirectional relationship. Furthermore, the bivariate GARCH model suggested a volatility spillover from E-NAM spot prices to...
Risks
The aim of this study was to investigate the Granger causality between geopolitical risk (GPR) su... more The aim of this study was to investigate the Granger causality between geopolitical risk (GPR) sub-indices in order to examine the implications of geopolitical risk on ten agricultural commodities classified as softs or grains. The Granger causality test was used to determine the causal relationship between the daily GPR sub-indices and the future prices of ten essential agricultural commodities from 31 March 2000 to 31 March 2022. We discovered that the GPR Threat and Act sub-indices Granger-caused changes in the wheat and oat commodity prices. These findings were also connected to the ongoing Russian–Ukrainian conflict, which has had an impact on agricultural commodity prices because both countries are major agricultural producers. The empirical results also showed how the GPR Threat sub-index Granger-affected the future prices of soybean oil, coffee, wheat, and oats. On the other hand, the GPR Act sub-index only Granger-affected the future price of oats. The findings of this stud...
Journal of Risk and Financial Management
The study’s aim is to investigate how FinTech users’ perceived risk influences their continuance ... more The study’s aim is to investigate how FinTech users’ perceived risk influences their continuance intention to use FinTech services. The new model, which was based on the Expectation Confirmation Model, was created to achieve the study’s aim. The Partial Least Square Structural Equation Model was used to investigate the proposed model and the relationship between the adopted constructs. The sample consists of 802 individual survey responses from northern India from April to June 2022. The proposed model explains 45.4% of the variance in the continuance intention of FinTech users, which is significantly influenced by perceived usefulness and satisfaction. Furthermore, perceived risk, as a moderator, significantly moderates continuance intention through satisfaction and satisfaction through confirmation. However, perceived risk was found to have an insignificant moderating effect on the relationship between perceived usefulness and satisfaction as well as perceived usefulness and conti...
Journal of Risk and Financial Management
The cryptocurrency market has enormous growth potential. In this study, the aim is to investigate... more The cryptocurrency market has enormous growth potential. In this study, the aim is to investigate how the news (shocks) affects cryptocurrency market volatility. This is significant because, while cryptocurrencies are gaining popularity among investors, the market’s extreme volatility discourages some prospective buyers, while also causing large losses for inexperienced investors. From 8 March 2019 to 30 November 2022, data from Bitcoin, Binance Coin, Ethereum, Dogecoin, and XRP were collected for the current study. The E-GARCH model was applied to the framed dataset to achieve the research aim. We discovered that the value of the size factor for all currencies was statistically significant, indicating that the news (shocks) significantly impacts volatility. Furthermore, volatility persistence in all cryptocurrencies is found to be very high and statistically significant. These study findings can help investors understand the impact of the news (shocks) on volatility in cryptocurren...
Journal of Risk and Financial Management
The vast majority of articles on risk in agile-managed projects fail to adequately address the in... more The vast majority of articles on risk in agile-managed projects fail to adequately address the interplay between the agile methodology, the risk management process, and the elements that ultimately determine the success or failure of the project. Too frequently, processes and models are given undue priority over the human element. The aim of this article is to create a risk management model for agile I.T. projects (AGP model). The study sample consists of 1868 valid survey responses from European and Asian countries received between February 2022 and January 2023. We subjected the data to Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Cronbach’s alpha to identify four key factors for dealing with risks in I.T. projects and create the AGP model. The proposed AGP model outlines up to 76% variability in the potential risks that could arise during an I.T. project’s deployment. The findings of this study are critical for project managers, I.T. professionals, developers, and system architects invo...
Risks
The current study is primarily concerned with the developments in financial technology, or fintec... more The current study is primarily concerned with the developments in financial technology, or fintech, that have significantly altered traditional financial systems, focusing on several risk categories that have emerged in the financial technology sector’s digital ecosystem. This paper is a review of existing literature related to the risk landscape in fintech, particularly its publication trend, journal productivity, impact, affiliated organizations, and related themes. A bibliometric and content analysis of 84 articles collected through Scopus’ structured database is performed for a comprehensive review. It is revealed that financial technology development has decreased physical crime while simultaneously increasing cybercrime. Another challenge is the asymmetrical technology between financial markets and the relevant supervisors. These current issues necessitate the creation of an Act on Fintech to create a comprehensive legislative framework. The present study’s findings are helpfu...
Risks
The synthesis of technology and finance is known as financial technology (Fintech), which brings ... more The synthesis of technology and finance is known as financial technology (Fintech), which brings together two of the biggest industries in harmony. Fintech disruption is a deviation from the norm, resulting in a significant shift in banking services and, as a result, risk. This article aims to investigate how Fintech has influenced recent changes in the banking industry and upcoming challenges, with a particular emphasis on blockchain technology. We perform a comprehensive thematic analysis of recent studies on Fintech in the banking industry. We found that Fintech has enormous potential to grow and impact the banking industry and the entire world. The banking industry could benefit from combining emerging technologies such as blockchain, AI, machine learning, or other decision-making layers. However, with the benefits come drawbacks, such as increased reliance on technology, high costs, increased job losses, security risks related to data and fraud, and so on. The use of emerging t...
University of Latvia, 2019
How the banking strategy in Latvia is changing? How can banks increase the number of active clien... more How the banking strategy in Latvia is changing? How can banks increase the number of active clients? Are banks in Latvia focusing to attract new clients or prefer to work with the existing client portfolio? How can the retail banking sector in Latvia impact the customer loyalty? The regulation developed by the Basel Committee and the regulations of The Financial and Capital Market Commission impacted the number of banks in Latvia and the number of active clients in retail banking. Latvian banks are getting more flexible in customer services and actively working to increase customer loyalty. If previously banks actively attracted the new clients to increase the number of customers, now banks are working to increase the number of active loyal clients. Only a totally complacent customer will be a loyal customer. The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of customer emotional attachment on customer loyalty to the provided goods and services in the retail banking sector in Latvia. The authors used their developed questionnaire that was aimed to the main factors that can increase the customer loyalty. The profitability of each bank directly depends on customer loyalty and how many customers return for goods and services. The main object of loyalty is customer emotional attachment, which is the determining factor in decision making in retail banking. The customer's emotions and feelings drive his/her choice. When banks interact with customers' emotions, the income could be considerable. That is why it is significant to research customer emotions to create long term partnership in retail banking. Research methods used are clients' survey in the retail banking sector in Latvia. The banks branding, the personality of produced goods and services, the customer experience and trust, the digitalization and innovation tendency are the factors that can emotionally attach the customer. All these factors, from the new product and services development till the daily provided, affect the customers' value to the bank. As the main result, the strategic goal is to have emotional attached customers in retail banking of Latvia.
Journal of Risk and Financial Management
Utilizing natural resources wisely, reducing pollution, and taking other environmental factors in... more Utilizing natural resources wisely, reducing pollution, and taking other environmental factors into account are now critical to the prospects for long-term economic growth and, by extension, sustainable development. We investigate the impact of total natural resource rents (NRR) on India’s GDP in this study. The data sample consists of NRR and GDP data from the World Bank’s official website collected between 1993 and 2020. In the study, the Granger causality test and an augmented autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bound test were used. The NNR have a significant impact on India’s GDP, according to the results of the ARDL model on the framed time series data set. Furthermore, the ARDL bound test reveals that the NRR have a significant short-term and long-term impact on the GDP of the Indian economy. This research contributes to understanding whether an exclusive policy is required for effective management of the complex interactions between various forces in the economic, politica...