Petter Johansson | Lund University (original) (raw)
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Papers by Petter Johansson
Cognitive science, Jan 9, 2015
Reasoning research suggests that people use more stringent criteria when they evaluate others'... more Reasoning research suggests that people use more stringent criteria when they evaluate others' arguments than when they produce arguments themselves. To demonstrate this "selective laziness," we used a choice blindness manipulation. In two experiments, participants had to produce a series of arguments in response to reasoning problems, and they were then asked to evaluate other people's arguments about the same problems. Unknown to the participants, in one of the trials, they were presented with their own argument as if it was someone else's. Among those participants who accepted the manipulation and thus thought they were evaluating someone else's argument, more than half (56% and 58%) rejected the arguments that were in fact their own. Moreover, participants were more likely to reject their own arguments for invalid than for valid answers. This demonstrates that people are more critical of other people's arguments than of their own, without being over...
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Eye gaze is a window onto cognitive processing in tasks such as spatial memory, linguistic proces... more Eye gaze is a window onto cognitive processing in tasks such as spatial memory, linguistic processing, and decision making. We present evidence that information derived from eye gaze can be used to change the course of individuals’ decisions, even when they are reasoning about high-level, moral issues. Previous studies have shown that when an experimenter actively controls what an individual sees the experimenter can affect simple decisions with alternatives of almost equal valence. Here we show that if an experimenter passively knows when individuals move their eyes the experimenter can change complex moral decisions. This causal effect is achieved by simply adjusting the timing of the decisions. We monitored partici- pants’ eye movements during a two-alternative forced-choice task with moral questions. One option was randomly predetermined as a target. At the moment participants had fixated the target option for a set amount of time we terminated their deliberation and prompted them to choose between the two alternatives. Although participants were unaware of this gaze-contingent manipulation, their choices were systematically biased toward the target option. We conclude that even abstract moral cognition is partly constituted by interactions with the immediate environment and is likely supported by gaze-dependent decision processes. By tracking the interplay be- tween individuals, their sensorimotor systems, and the environment, we can influence the outcome of a decision without directly manipulating the content of the information available to them.
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... it (see eg Griffin 2004; Page 3. Andreas Lind, Lars Hall, Petter Johansson and Sverker Sikstr... more ... it (see eg Griffin 2004; Page 3. Andreas Lind, Lars Hall, Petter Johansson and Sverker Sikström 61 Meyer 1992; Postma 2000 and textbooks such as Carroll 1999 and Harley 2001). However, not all researchers endorse the ...
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... it (see eg Griffin 2004; Page 3. Andreas Lind, Lars Hall, Petter Johansson and Sverker Sikstr... more ... it (see eg Griffin 2004; Page 3. Andreas Lind, Lars Hall, Petter Johansson and Sverker Sikström 61 Meyer 1992; Postma 2000 and textbooks such as Carroll 1999 and Harley 2001). However, not all researchers endorse the ...
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In three experiments we studied the extent to which theories of decision-making and memory can pr... more In three experiments we studied the extent to which theories of decision-making and memory can predict people's preferences. Studding risky decisions, we aimed to answer questions about human preferences, prompted by similarities between the leading ...
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Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 2014
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International Journal of Cognitive Therapy, 2014
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Frontiers in Psychology, 2011
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New scientist, 2009
RefDoc Bienvenue - Welcome. Refdoc est un service / is powered by. ...
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Lund University Cognitive Studies, 2003
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Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 2011
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… Proceedings: Metacognition …, 2003
... 3]. No one doubts that the study of EF holds great potential for illuminating the related con... more ... 3]. No one doubts that the study of EF holds great potential for illuminating the related concept of metacognition as discussed ... error detection and source monitoring in memory retrieval (cognitive monitoring), as well as top-down processes like conflict resolution, error correction ...
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Cognitive science, Jan 9, 2015
Reasoning research suggests that people use more stringent criteria when they evaluate others'... more Reasoning research suggests that people use more stringent criteria when they evaluate others' arguments than when they produce arguments themselves. To demonstrate this "selective laziness," we used a choice blindness manipulation. In two experiments, participants had to produce a series of arguments in response to reasoning problems, and they were then asked to evaluate other people's arguments about the same problems. Unknown to the participants, in one of the trials, they were presented with their own argument as if it was someone else's. Among those participants who accepted the manipulation and thus thought they were evaluating someone else's argument, more than half (56% and 58%) rejected the arguments that were in fact their own. Moreover, participants were more likely to reject their own arguments for invalid than for valid answers. This demonstrates that people are more critical of other people's arguments than of their own, without being over...
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Eye gaze is a window onto cognitive processing in tasks such as spatial memory, linguistic proces... more Eye gaze is a window onto cognitive processing in tasks such as spatial memory, linguistic processing, and decision making. We present evidence that information derived from eye gaze can be used to change the course of individuals’ decisions, even when they are reasoning about high-level, moral issues. Previous studies have shown that when an experimenter actively controls what an individual sees the experimenter can affect simple decisions with alternatives of almost equal valence. Here we show that if an experimenter passively knows when individuals move their eyes the experimenter can change complex moral decisions. This causal effect is achieved by simply adjusting the timing of the decisions. We monitored partici- pants’ eye movements during a two-alternative forced-choice task with moral questions. One option was randomly predetermined as a target. At the moment participants had fixated the target option for a set amount of time we terminated their deliberation and prompted them to choose between the two alternatives. Although participants were unaware of this gaze-contingent manipulation, their choices were systematically biased toward the target option. We conclude that even abstract moral cognition is partly constituted by interactions with the immediate environment and is likely supported by gaze-dependent decision processes. By tracking the interplay be- tween individuals, their sensorimotor systems, and the environment, we can influence the outcome of a decision without directly manipulating the content of the information available to them.
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... it (see eg Griffin 2004; Page 3. Andreas Lind, Lars Hall, Petter Johansson and Sverker Sikstr... more ... it (see eg Griffin 2004; Page 3. Andreas Lind, Lars Hall, Petter Johansson and Sverker Sikström 61 Meyer 1992; Postma 2000 and textbooks such as Carroll 1999 and Harley 2001). However, not all researchers endorse the ...
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... it (see eg Griffin 2004; Page 3. Andreas Lind, Lars Hall, Petter Johansson and Sverker Sikstr... more ... it (see eg Griffin 2004; Page 3. Andreas Lind, Lars Hall, Petter Johansson and Sverker Sikström 61 Meyer 1992; Postma 2000 and textbooks such as Carroll 1999 and Harley 2001). However, not all researchers endorse the ...
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In three experiments we studied the extent to which theories of decision-making and memory can pr... more In three experiments we studied the extent to which theories of decision-making and memory can predict people's preferences. Studding risky decisions, we aimed to answer questions about human preferences, prompted by similarities between the leading ...
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Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
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Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 2014
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International Journal of Cognitive Therapy, 2014
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Frontiers in Psychology, 2011
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New scientist, 2009
RefDoc Bienvenue - Welcome. Refdoc est un service / is powered by. ...
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Lund University Cognitive Studies, 2003
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Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 2011
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… Proceedings: Metacognition …, 2003
... 3]. No one doubts that the study of EF holds great potential for illuminating the related con... more ... 3]. No one doubts that the study of EF holds great potential for illuminating the related concept of metacognition as discussed ... error detection and source monitoring in memory retrieval (cognitive monitoring), as well as top-down processes like conflict resolution, error correction ...
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