Dr. Sanjay Kumar | Magadh University (original) (raw)
Papers by Dr. Sanjay Kumar
V.S. Naipaul's An Area of Darkness is an influential work in post-colonial English literature, co... more V.S. Naipaul's An Area of Darkness is an influential work in post-colonial English literature, contributing a composite and multifaceted study of India, the birthplace of the author's ancestors. It was written in 1964 and is the first in Naipaul's India trilogy about Indian life and culture. It is often regarded as one of his most controversial and provocative works. Through his detailed observations, historical analysis, and personal reflections, Naipaul highlights the profound social, cultural, and political milestones that have shaped post-colonial India. The book is not merely a travelogue but a deep and introspective narrative that explores the themes of identity, exile, and the enduring legacy of colonialism. An Area of Darkness examines the disillusioned Naipaul experiences upon encountering the realities of India, contrasting them sharply with the glamorous images of India, he had carried with him from childhood. His journey through Indian states reveals the harsh truths of poverty, caste discrimination, and the prevalent influence of colonialism, which he describes with harse honesty. Naipaul's writing oscillates between empathy and criticism, reflecting his own complex relationship with India-a country he feels connected to by heritage but alienated from by experience. The title of the book, An Area of Darkness, symbolizes both the physical and metaphorical journey into the unknown-a descent into the depths of India's socio-political landscape and Naipaul's own psyche. His exploration of the colonial past is particularly touching, as he observes the remnants of British rule still lingering in Indian society, from bureaucratic ineptitudes to the adopted attitudes of the Indian elite. Naipaul critiques the continued dominance of colonial structures and the failure of the Indian state to fully transcend its colonial past.
International Journal of Food and Nutritional science, 2022
The caste system was divided into four varnas. At the top are the brahmins, next are the Kshatriy... more The caste system was divided into four varnas. At the top are the brahmins, next are the Kshatriyas,
underneath them are vaishyas, and finally at the end of the list are Shudras.A fifth category falls
outside the varna system and consists of those known as “untouchables” or Dalits; they are often
assigned tasks too ritually polluting to merit inclusion within the traditional varna system. The tasks
they perform and their status in the caste system are not socially recognized. Dalits are also known
as “untouchables” as they are seen as polluting for the higher caste people. If a member of the higher
caste is touched by a Dalit or even their shadow is crossed by a Dalit, they consider themselves
polluted and go through a rigorous religious process to be cleansed. After more than 75 years of
Indian Independence, the condition of Dalit can be seen or read through the different newspaper or
media-source.
Indian English fiction. Focused on a young boy named Munoo, "Coolie" sparked numerous debates abo... more Indian English fiction. Focused on a young boy named Munoo, "Coolie" sparked numerous debates about the caste system in Indian society. The novel portrays a devastating picture of the social hierarchy, highlighting the internal divisions that prevented unity against oppressive rulers. It also vividly depicts the harsh realities of British colonial rule. The narrative's powerful exploration of these themes has cemented "Coolie" as an essential work in the canon of Indian English literature.
Literature has always mirrored society and its various issues, using stories, novels, plays, and ... more Literature has always mirrored society and its various issues, using stories, novels, plays, and poems to highlight societal problems. These literary forms influence readers, prompting them to reflect on these issues. Literature plays a significant role in raising awareness and addressing societal problems. Dalit literature, in particular, has shed light on the trauma and suffering experienced by Dalits in their daily lives. Dalit women writers have notably articulated the struggles and hardships faced by Dalit women, striving for their emancipation by emphasizing the importance of education. Among these writers, Bama and Sivakami have distinguished themselves, creating a significant impact in the literary world. This article explores the challenging journeys of their female characters, who navigate their troubled lives with determination, courage, and resilience, ultimately overcoming numerous obstacles. The ways in which these brave Dalit women confront and address their challenges are remarkable. Their ability to find a place in a male-dominated society is commendable, as each character asserts her individuality and voices her dissent in a patriarchal world.
Literature has always mirrored society and its various issues, using stories, novels, plays, and ... more Literature has always mirrored society and its various issues, using stories, novels, plays, and poems to highlight societal problems. These literary forms influence readers, prompting them to reflect on these issues. Literature plays a significant role in raising awareness and addressing societal problems. Dalit literature, in particular, has shed light on the trauma and suffering experienced by Dalits in their daily lives. Dalit women writers have notably articulated the struggles and hardships faced by Dalit women, striving for their emancipation by emphasizing the importance of education. Among these writers, Bama and Sivakami have distinguished themselves, creating a significant impact in the literary world. This article explores the challenging journeys of their female characters, who navigate their troubled lives with determination, courage, and resilience, ultimately overcoming numerous obstacles. The ways in which these brave Dalit women confront and address their challenges are remarkable. Their ability to find a place in a male-dominated society is commendable, as each character asserts her individuality and voices her dissent in a patriarchal world.
Journal of Critical Review, 2020
Babytai Kamble’s autobiographical work The Prisons We Broke was originally written in Marathi as... more Babytai Kamble’s autobiographical work The Prisons We Broke was originally written in
Marathi as Jina Amucha and was later translated into English by Maya Pandit. For study
point of view, it can be seen as two sections according to manifestation of ideas put into the
biography. Firstly, portrayal of Dalit women within their own community. Secondly, the role
played by fellow women in upper-caste Hindus in the social order.
In The Prisons We Broke, Babytai Kamble uses her life as a source to identify Dalit
oppression painting a raw imagery of the crude realities of their world. Growing up in
a Maharwada in Maharashtra puts her in prime position to witness Dalit oppression at one of
its worst, because Maharwadas are the epitome of the prejudices of the Hindu caste system
which are most prevalent in and around Maharashtra. Maharwadas usually consist of close to
15 families belonging to the Mahar caste situated in the outskirts of villages of Maharashtra,
which ironically owes its etymological origins to the Mahars who are the original
inhabitants of these regions. Maharashtra being one of the states where the caste structure is
most prevalent, The Prisons We Broke is justified in being a comment upon Dalit oppression.
That is not to say that this dominance has not been met with backlash. In fact, Maharashtra
has witnessed Dalit rebellion in literature, war, religious practices inter alia over
centuries. The Prisons We Broke is one such attempt, albeit one of the firsts by a Dalit
woman justifying its narrative on women’s issues as well as Dalit’s causes.
Babytai Kamble was a pioneering voice of intersectional feminism in India. As a Dalit
woman, she understood the complexities of caste, class and gender-based oppressions and
their overlapping nature. Her life and work through which he exposes the social dichotomy,
provides a critical lens into the intersectionality of feminism.
International Research Journal of Education and Technology, 2024
The tolerance of women in society is inexpressible. P. Sivakami has adopted writing as the medium... more The tolerance of women in society is inexpressible. P. Sivakami has adopted writing as the medium of expression. Her writing proved to be a way of acquiring empathy worldwide. Women have undergone torture and humiliation throughout their life right from childhood. Sexual and verbal abuses are rampant, and explaining the sufferings of women is very challenging. Women take oppression silently. The reason is the unawareness of women about their rights. The present article reflects the trials and tribulations of the Dalit women in the patriarchal society. Besides, it shows the harsh realities prevailing in Indian society in which the women have been caught in the clutches of men and have become victims and accepted their unchangeable fate. In The Taming of Women, Sivakami portrays the real sufferings of women at the hands of men in the marginalised community.
International Journal for Multidisciplinary Research (IJFMR), 2024
India, recognised as one of the world's fastest-growing nations, bears the burden of a deeply ent... more India, recognised as one of the world's fastest-growing nations, bears the burden of a deeply entrenched caste system. This paper delves into the historical backdrop of suppression, the plight of the oppressed, and the genesis of Dalit literature. It meticulously examines the trajectory and breadth of the Dalit literary movement, which is often rooted in the philosophical tenets espoused by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar. Furthermore, it scrutinises the harsh realities faced by Dalits and their commendable efforts to challenge social hierarchies. Dalit literature serves as a powerful medium for conveying the poignant social and political experiences of the Dalit community within the caste-based framework of Indian society. It sheds light on the myriad social factors shaping the lives of Dalits and their interactions with both Dalit and non-Dalit communities. Through vivid narratives, it elucidates the struggles endured by the Dalit community in their quest for equality and liberty. The relentless efforts of Dalit movements, coupled with the impactful discourse presented in Dalit literature, have contributed to a perceptible shift towards equality within Dalit social dynamics. The legal prohibition of discrimination based on caste and gender signifies a significant milestone in this ongoing journey. Dalit literature encapsulates the journey of the oppressed, from grappling with questions of identity to striving for social parity. This paper underscores the transformative potential of Dalit literature as a catalyst for social change, offering a glimpse into the evolving landscape of equality and justice within Dalit communities. Through their literary expressions, Dalit writers continue to champion the cause of social justice and advocate for the rights and dignity of all individuals, irrespective of caste or gender.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PROGRESSIVE RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT AND SCIENCE (IJPREMS), 2023
Dalit literature is about the sufferings of oppressed class. Dalit fictions and its literary move... more Dalit literature is about the sufferings of oppressed class. Dalit fictions and its literary movement are based on the common ground of social oppression. It is a study of marginal and colonized. Dalit literature is a form of post-colonial literature. Equality, justice and freedom are the basis of Dalit literature. The form of dalit literature covers a wide range of literary genres. Many writers, thinkers, social reformers and political figures gave their contribution in the dalit literary movement. The paper intense to throws light on the analysis of dalit marginalization in detail. In Indian society, Dalit women are oppressed at the margins by gender and caste. Generally, women are facing suppression from men in society. If women were born as dalit community, they should face both male domination and being as a lower caste. Dalit fiction and its scholarly development depend on the shared opinion of social sufferings. It is not only about whole community but conveyed as an individual. Women in the Indian society were generally treated as subordinates to men, they were discriminated and disgusted as well. The plight of Dalit women can easily be assessed by the fact that they being Dalits first and secondly women. The paper will examine the contribution of the novelist, Bama, in her work Sangati. Bama's Sangati is a unique Dalit feminist narrative carrying autobiographical elements of the whole community. In Sangati, Dalit women are anguished from their childhood and Bama portrayed these women from a different perspective. The researcher points out the amount of pain and labour of dalit women have to experience right from their childhood and how they find the courage to break those shackles through the very experience of the unnamed protagonist in the novel Sangati.
International Journal for Multidisciplinary Research (IJFMR), 2024
India, recognised as one of the world's fastest-growing nations, bears the burden of a deeply ent... more India, recognised as one of the world's fastest-growing nations, bears the burden of a deeply entrenched caste system. This paper delves into the historical backdrop of suppression, the plight of the oppressed, and the genesis of Dalit literature. It meticulously examines the trajectory and breadth of the Dalit literary movement, which is often rooted in the philosophical tenets espoused by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar. Furthermore, it scrutinises the harsh realities faced by Dalits and their commendable efforts to challenge social hierarchies. Dalit literature serves as a powerful medium for conveying the poignant social and political experiences of the Dalit community within the caste-based framework of Indian society. It sheds light on the myriad social factors shaping the lives of Dalits and their interactions with both Dalit and non-Dalit communities. Through vivid narratives, it elucidates the struggles endured by the Dalit community in their quest for equality and liberty. The relentless efforts of Dalit movements, coupled with the impactful discourse presented in Dalit literature, have contributed to a perceptible shift towards equality within Dalit social dynamics. The legal prohibition of discrimination based on caste and gender signifies a significant milestone in this ongoing journey. Dalit literature encapsulates the journey of the oppressed, from grappling with questions of identity to striving for social parity. This paper underscores the transformative potential of Dalit literature as a catalyst for social change, offering a glimpse into the evolving landscape of equality and justice within Dalit communities. Through their literary expressions, Dalit writers continue to champion the cause of social justice and advocate for the rights and dignity of all individuals, irrespective of caste or gender.
An Indian author, Mulk Raj Anand wrote his first novel Untouchable which reflects the pangs and s... more An Indian author, Mulk Raj Anand wrote his first novel Untouchable which reflects the pangs and suffering of dalits or downtrodden in Indian way of caste system. The author presents the issue of exploitation and suffering in human life which results in inhuman manifestation. Indians recognize caste system which has created exploitation to outcaste people or untouchables, ultimately resulting in suffering of millions. Exploitation refers to ill-treatment meted out to the people of low-caste. Bakha is forced to do menial jobs for the caste Hindus but he is not paid by money except bread leftover. The untouchables have no entree to interact with other people except within themselves. It is done by keeping them out to touch and use all public facilities such as road, well, school, temple, and such. The caste Hindus consider the untouchables' touch will pollute anything belonging to them and, for them, the untouchables are bad virus or the cursed ones. In conclusion, Mulk Raj Anand in his novel Untouchable vividly portrays exploitation and human suffering. This inhuman treatment or exploitation which is brought about by the caste system has created dehumanization making the untouchables or the outcastes feel intensity of exploitation, suffering and hopelessness.
V.S. Naipaul's An Area of Darkness is an influential work in post-colonial English literature, co... more V.S. Naipaul's An Area of Darkness is an influential work in post-colonial English literature, contributing a composite and multifaceted study of India, the birthplace of the author's ancestors. It was written in 1964 and is the first in Naipaul's India trilogy about Indian life and culture. It is often regarded as one of his most controversial and provocative works. Through his detailed observations, historical analysis, and personal reflections, Naipaul highlights the profound social, cultural, and political milestones that have shaped post-colonial India. The book is not merely a travelogue but a deep and introspective narrative that explores the themes of identity, exile, and the enduring legacy of colonialism. An Area of Darkness examines the disillusioned Naipaul experiences upon encountering the realities of India, contrasting them sharply with the glamorous images of India, he had carried with him from childhood. His journey through Indian states reveals the harsh truths of poverty, caste discrimination, and the prevalent influence of colonialism, which he describes with harse honesty. Naipaul's writing oscillates between empathy and criticism, reflecting his own complex relationship with India-a country he feels connected to by heritage but alienated from by experience. The title of the book, An Area of Darkness, symbolizes both the physical and metaphorical journey into the unknown-a descent into the depths of India's socio-political landscape and Naipaul's own psyche. His exploration of the colonial past is particularly touching, as he observes the remnants of British rule still lingering in Indian society, from bureaucratic ineptitudes to the adopted attitudes of the Indian elite. Naipaul critiques the continued dominance of colonial structures and the failure of the Indian state to fully transcend its colonial past.
International Journal of Food and Nutritional science, 2022
The caste system was divided into four varnas. At the top are the brahmins, next are the Kshatriy... more The caste system was divided into four varnas. At the top are the brahmins, next are the Kshatriyas,
underneath them are vaishyas, and finally at the end of the list are Shudras.A fifth category falls
outside the varna system and consists of those known as “untouchables” or Dalits; they are often
assigned tasks too ritually polluting to merit inclusion within the traditional varna system. The tasks
they perform and their status in the caste system are not socially recognized. Dalits are also known
as “untouchables” as they are seen as polluting for the higher caste people. If a member of the higher
caste is touched by a Dalit or even their shadow is crossed by a Dalit, they consider themselves
polluted and go through a rigorous religious process to be cleansed. After more than 75 years of
Indian Independence, the condition of Dalit can be seen or read through the different newspaper or
media-source.
Indian English fiction. Focused on a young boy named Munoo, "Coolie" sparked numerous debates abo... more Indian English fiction. Focused on a young boy named Munoo, "Coolie" sparked numerous debates about the caste system in Indian society. The novel portrays a devastating picture of the social hierarchy, highlighting the internal divisions that prevented unity against oppressive rulers. It also vividly depicts the harsh realities of British colonial rule. The narrative's powerful exploration of these themes has cemented "Coolie" as an essential work in the canon of Indian English literature.
Literature has always mirrored society and its various issues, using stories, novels, plays, and ... more Literature has always mirrored society and its various issues, using stories, novels, plays, and poems to highlight societal problems. These literary forms influence readers, prompting them to reflect on these issues. Literature plays a significant role in raising awareness and addressing societal problems. Dalit literature, in particular, has shed light on the trauma and suffering experienced by Dalits in their daily lives. Dalit women writers have notably articulated the struggles and hardships faced by Dalit women, striving for their emancipation by emphasizing the importance of education. Among these writers, Bama and Sivakami have distinguished themselves, creating a significant impact in the literary world. This article explores the challenging journeys of their female characters, who navigate their troubled lives with determination, courage, and resilience, ultimately overcoming numerous obstacles. The ways in which these brave Dalit women confront and address their challenges are remarkable. Their ability to find a place in a male-dominated society is commendable, as each character asserts her individuality and voices her dissent in a patriarchal world.
Literature has always mirrored society and its various issues, using stories, novels, plays, and ... more Literature has always mirrored society and its various issues, using stories, novels, plays, and poems to highlight societal problems. These literary forms influence readers, prompting them to reflect on these issues. Literature plays a significant role in raising awareness and addressing societal problems. Dalit literature, in particular, has shed light on the trauma and suffering experienced by Dalits in their daily lives. Dalit women writers have notably articulated the struggles and hardships faced by Dalit women, striving for their emancipation by emphasizing the importance of education. Among these writers, Bama and Sivakami have distinguished themselves, creating a significant impact in the literary world. This article explores the challenging journeys of their female characters, who navigate their troubled lives with determination, courage, and resilience, ultimately overcoming numerous obstacles. The ways in which these brave Dalit women confront and address their challenges are remarkable. Their ability to find a place in a male-dominated society is commendable, as each character asserts her individuality and voices her dissent in a patriarchal world.
Journal of Critical Review, 2020
Babytai Kamble’s autobiographical work The Prisons We Broke was originally written in Marathi as... more Babytai Kamble’s autobiographical work The Prisons We Broke was originally written in
Marathi as Jina Amucha and was later translated into English by Maya Pandit. For study
point of view, it can be seen as two sections according to manifestation of ideas put into the
biography. Firstly, portrayal of Dalit women within their own community. Secondly, the role
played by fellow women in upper-caste Hindus in the social order.
In The Prisons We Broke, Babytai Kamble uses her life as a source to identify Dalit
oppression painting a raw imagery of the crude realities of their world. Growing up in
a Maharwada in Maharashtra puts her in prime position to witness Dalit oppression at one of
its worst, because Maharwadas are the epitome of the prejudices of the Hindu caste system
which are most prevalent in and around Maharashtra. Maharwadas usually consist of close to
15 families belonging to the Mahar caste situated in the outskirts of villages of Maharashtra,
which ironically owes its etymological origins to the Mahars who are the original
inhabitants of these regions. Maharashtra being one of the states where the caste structure is
most prevalent, The Prisons We Broke is justified in being a comment upon Dalit oppression.
That is not to say that this dominance has not been met with backlash. In fact, Maharashtra
has witnessed Dalit rebellion in literature, war, religious practices inter alia over
centuries. The Prisons We Broke is one such attempt, albeit one of the firsts by a Dalit
woman justifying its narrative on women’s issues as well as Dalit’s causes.
Babytai Kamble was a pioneering voice of intersectional feminism in India. As a Dalit
woman, she understood the complexities of caste, class and gender-based oppressions and
their overlapping nature. Her life and work through which he exposes the social dichotomy,
provides a critical lens into the intersectionality of feminism.
International Research Journal of Education and Technology, 2024
The tolerance of women in society is inexpressible. P. Sivakami has adopted writing as the medium... more The tolerance of women in society is inexpressible. P. Sivakami has adopted writing as the medium of expression. Her writing proved to be a way of acquiring empathy worldwide. Women have undergone torture and humiliation throughout their life right from childhood. Sexual and verbal abuses are rampant, and explaining the sufferings of women is very challenging. Women take oppression silently. The reason is the unawareness of women about their rights. The present article reflects the trials and tribulations of the Dalit women in the patriarchal society. Besides, it shows the harsh realities prevailing in Indian society in which the women have been caught in the clutches of men and have become victims and accepted their unchangeable fate. In The Taming of Women, Sivakami portrays the real sufferings of women at the hands of men in the marginalised community.
International Journal for Multidisciplinary Research (IJFMR), 2024
India, recognised as one of the world's fastest-growing nations, bears the burden of a deeply ent... more India, recognised as one of the world's fastest-growing nations, bears the burden of a deeply entrenched caste system. This paper delves into the historical backdrop of suppression, the plight of the oppressed, and the genesis of Dalit literature. It meticulously examines the trajectory and breadth of the Dalit literary movement, which is often rooted in the philosophical tenets espoused by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar. Furthermore, it scrutinises the harsh realities faced by Dalits and their commendable efforts to challenge social hierarchies. Dalit literature serves as a powerful medium for conveying the poignant social and political experiences of the Dalit community within the caste-based framework of Indian society. It sheds light on the myriad social factors shaping the lives of Dalits and their interactions with both Dalit and non-Dalit communities. Through vivid narratives, it elucidates the struggles endured by the Dalit community in their quest for equality and liberty. The relentless efforts of Dalit movements, coupled with the impactful discourse presented in Dalit literature, have contributed to a perceptible shift towards equality within Dalit social dynamics. The legal prohibition of discrimination based on caste and gender signifies a significant milestone in this ongoing journey. Dalit literature encapsulates the journey of the oppressed, from grappling with questions of identity to striving for social parity. This paper underscores the transformative potential of Dalit literature as a catalyst for social change, offering a glimpse into the evolving landscape of equality and justice within Dalit communities. Through their literary expressions, Dalit writers continue to champion the cause of social justice and advocate for the rights and dignity of all individuals, irrespective of caste or gender.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PROGRESSIVE RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT AND SCIENCE (IJPREMS), 2023
Dalit literature is about the sufferings of oppressed class. Dalit fictions and its literary move... more Dalit literature is about the sufferings of oppressed class. Dalit fictions and its literary movement are based on the common ground of social oppression. It is a study of marginal and colonized. Dalit literature is a form of post-colonial literature. Equality, justice and freedom are the basis of Dalit literature. The form of dalit literature covers a wide range of literary genres. Many writers, thinkers, social reformers and political figures gave their contribution in the dalit literary movement. The paper intense to throws light on the analysis of dalit marginalization in detail. In Indian society, Dalit women are oppressed at the margins by gender and caste. Generally, women are facing suppression from men in society. If women were born as dalit community, they should face both male domination and being as a lower caste. Dalit fiction and its scholarly development depend on the shared opinion of social sufferings. It is not only about whole community but conveyed as an individual. Women in the Indian society were generally treated as subordinates to men, they were discriminated and disgusted as well. The plight of Dalit women can easily be assessed by the fact that they being Dalits first and secondly women. The paper will examine the contribution of the novelist, Bama, in her work Sangati. Bama's Sangati is a unique Dalit feminist narrative carrying autobiographical elements of the whole community. In Sangati, Dalit women are anguished from their childhood and Bama portrayed these women from a different perspective. The researcher points out the amount of pain and labour of dalit women have to experience right from their childhood and how they find the courage to break those shackles through the very experience of the unnamed protagonist in the novel Sangati.
International Journal for Multidisciplinary Research (IJFMR), 2024
India, recognised as one of the world's fastest-growing nations, bears the burden of a deeply ent... more India, recognised as one of the world's fastest-growing nations, bears the burden of a deeply entrenched caste system. This paper delves into the historical backdrop of suppression, the plight of the oppressed, and the genesis of Dalit literature. It meticulously examines the trajectory and breadth of the Dalit literary movement, which is often rooted in the philosophical tenets espoused by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar. Furthermore, it scrutinises the harsh realities faced by Dalits and their commendable efforts to challenge social hierarchies. Dalit literature serves as a powerful medium for conveying the poignant social and political experiences of the Dalit community within the caste-based framework of Indian society. It sheds light on the myriad social factors shaping the lives of Dalits and their interactions with both Dalit and non-Dalit communities. Through vivid narratives, it elucidates the struggles endured by the Dalit community in their quest for equality and liberty. The relentless efforts of Dalit movements, coupled with the impactful discourse presented in Dalit literature, have contributed to a perceptible shift towards equality within Dalit social dynamics. The legal prohibition of discrimination based on caste and gender signifies a significant milestone in this ongoing journey. Dalit literature encapsulates the journey of the oppressed, from grappling with questions of identity to striving for social parity. This paper underscores the transformative potential of Dalit literature as a catalyst for social change, offering a glimpse into the evolving landscape of equality and justice within Dalit communities. Through their literary expressions, Dalit writers continue to champion the cause of social justice and advocate for the rights and dignity of all individuals, irrespective of caste or gender.
An Indian author, Mulk Raj Anand wrote his first novel Untouchable which reflects the pangs and s... more An Indian author, Mulk Raj Anand wrote his first novel Untouchable which reflects the pangs and suffering of dalits or downtrodden in Indian way of caste system. The author presents the issue of exploitation and suffering in human life which results in inhuman manifestation. Indians recognize caste system which has created exploitation to outcaste people or untouchables, ultimately resulting in suffering of millions. Exploitation refers to ill-treatment meted out to the people of low-caste. Bakha is forced to do menial jobs for the caste Hindus but he is not paid by money except bread leftover. The untouchables have no entree to interact with other people except within themselves. It is done by keeping them out to touch and use all public facilities such as road, well, school, temple, and such. The caste Hindus consider the untouchables' touch will pollute anything belonging to them and, for them, the untouchables are bad virus or the cursed ones. In conclusion, Mulk Raj Anand in his novel Untouchable vividly portrays exploitation and human suffering. This inhuman treatment or exploitation which is brought about by the caste system has created dehumanization making the untouchables or the outcastes feel intensity of exploitation, suffering and hopelessness.