Gwendolyn Fernandes | Maharashtra University Of Health Sciences,Nashik (original) (raw)
Papers by Gwendolyn Fernandes
Fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) is considered as one of the most useful diagnostic procedure... more Fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) is considered as one of the most useful diagnostic procedure on palpable and nonpalpable lesions guided with radiologic methods. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC), a rare but the most common primary malignant tumor of salivary glands. Low grade MEC needs to be distinguished from benign lesions of the salivary gland and may cause false negative results. High grade MEC may resemble squamaous cell carcinoma especially in cases with dense cystic component. Herein, we report a case of cytologically diagnosed and histologically confirmed MEC; in order to impress the importance and the effect of FNAB in the differential diagnosis of salivary gland lesions.
Renal Failure, 2014
Fusarium is a filamentous opportunistic pathogenic fungus responsible for superficial as well as ... more Fusarium is a filamentous opportunistic pathogenic fungus responsible for superficial as well as invasive infection in immunocompromized hosts. Net state of immunosuppression and cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection appear to predispose to this disease which is life-threatening when disseminated. Though infections with Fusarium have been widely described in hematological malignancies and hematopoietic stem cell transplant cases, they have been reported to be rare in solid organ transplant recipients, are often localized and carry a favorable prognosis. We here describe a rare case of subcutaneous non-invasive infection with Fusarium in a renal allograft recipient two and half years after transplantation. Patient had a previous history of CMV infection along with multiple other recurrent co-infections. Diagnosis was based on culture of tissue specimens yielding Fusarium species. The infection had a protracted course with persistence of lesions after treatment with voriconazole alone, requiring a combination of complete surgical excision and therapy with the anti-fungal drug.
Reproduction
Recent data suggest that the DNA damage response (DDR) is altered in the eutopic endometrium (EE)... more Recent data suggest that the DNA damage response (DDR) is altered in the eutopic endometrium (EE) of women with endometriosis and this probably ensues in response to higher DNA damage encountered by the EE in endometriosis. DDR operates in a tissue-specific manner and involves different pathways depending on the type of DNA lesions. Among these pathways, the non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathway plays a critical role in the repair of double-stranded DNA breaks. The present study was undertaken to explore whether NHEJ is affected in the EE of women with endometriosis. Towards this, we focused on the X-Ray Repair Cross-Complementing 4 (XRCC4) protein, one of the core components of the NHEJ pathway. Endometrial XRCC4 protein levels in the mid-proliferative phase were found significantly (p<0.05) downregulated in women with endometriosis, compared to control women. Investigation of a microarray-based largest dataset in the GEO database (GSE51981) revealed a similar trend at the t...
Analytical and quantitative cytopathology and histopathology, 2014
Histoplasmosis is a fungal infection caused by Histoplasma capsulatum; it mostly occurs in immuno... more Histoplasmosis is a fungal infection caused by Histoplasma capsulatum; it mostly occurs in immunocompromised individuals. Disseminated histoplasmosis may affect almost all systems. The lymph node is frequently involved in the reticuloendothelial dissemination. Histoplasmosis of the lymph node can mimic tuberculosis clinically and cytomorphologically. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is an effective method for differentiating the two. The histoplasma yeast forms are small and usually intracellular and are likely to be overlooked in Papanicolaou (Pap)-stained smears. Air-dried Giemsa-stained smears can identify them easily and clearly because of their large size and bright purple-to-blue color as compared with fixed Pap-stained smears. We report 3 cases of lymph node histoplasmosis diagnosed on cytology seen over a period of 2 years. Lymph node FNAC is a rapid, cost-effective, reliable diagnostic toolfor histoplasmosis. It can obviate the need of surgical biopsy and hasten the i...
Indian Journal of Transplantation, 2017
The incidence of unusual fungal infections in renal allografts has been rising in the last few ye... more The incidence of unusual fungal infections in renal allografts has been rising in the last few years. We report an unusual case of eumycotic mycetomas at multiple sites caused by a fungus Pyrenochaeta romeroi, in a 43-year-old male, farmer by occupation and renal allograft recipient. The patient had undergone a live, related donor transplant 9 months earlier, with wife as donor, and was on tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil and steroids. This is the only case of P. romeroi causing nodular eumycetomas at multiple sites in a renal allograft recipient. All case reports have reported single lesion and multiple lesions are uncommon.
Fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) is considered as one of the most useful diagnostic procedure... more Fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) is considered as one of the most useful diagnostic procedure on palpable and nonpalpable lesions guided with radiologic methods. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC), a rare but the most common primary malignant tumor of salivary glands. Low grade MEC needs to be distinguished from benign lesions of the salivary gland and may cause false negative results. High grade MEC may resemble squamaous cell carcinoma especially in cases with dense cystic component. Herein, we report a case of cytologically diagnosed and histologically confirmed MEC; in order to impress the importance and the effect of FNAB in the differential diagnosis of salivary gland lesions.
BACKGROUND Histoplasmosis is a fungal infection caused by Histoplasma capsulatum; it mostly occur... more BACKGROUND Histoplasmosis is a fungal infection caused by Histoplasma capsulatum; it mostly occurs in immunocompromised individuals. Disseminated histoplasmosis may affect almost all systems. The lymph node is frequently involved in the reticuloendothelial dissemination. Histoplasmosis of the lymph node can mimic tuberculosis clinically and cytomorphologically. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is an effective method for differentiating the two. The histoplasma yeast forms are small and usually intracellular and are likely to be overlooked in Papanicolaou (Pap)-stained smears. Air-dried Giemsa-stained smears can identify them easily and clearly because of their large size and bright purple-to-blue color as compared with fixed Pap-stained smears. CASES We report 3 cases of lymph node histoplasmosis diagnosed on cytology seen over a period of 2 years. CONCLUSION Lymph node FNAC is a rapid, cost-effective, reliable diagnostic toolfor histoplasmosis. It can obviate the need of surg...
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH, 2018
Human Reproduction
STUDY QUESTION Is the DNA damage response (DDR) dysregulated in the eutopic endometrium of women ... more STUDY QUESTION Is the DNA damage response (DDR) dysregulated in the eutopic endometrium of women with endometriosis? SUMMARY ANSWER Endometrial expression of genes involved in DDR is modulated in women with endometriosis, compared to those without the disease. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Ectopic endometriotic lesions are reported to harbour somatic mutations, thereby hinting at dysregulation of DDR and DNA repair pathways. However, it remains inconclusive whether the eutopic endometrium also manifests dysregulated DDR in endometriosis. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION For this case–control study conducted between 2015 and 2019, eutopic endometrial (E) samples (EE- from women with endometriosis, CE- from women without endometriosis) were collected in either mid-proliferative (EE-MP, n = 23; CE-MP, n = 17) or mid-secretory (EE-MS, n = 17; CE-MS, n = 9) phases of the menstrual cycle. This study compares: (i) DNA damage marker localization, (ii) expression of DDR genes and (iii) expression of DNA...
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH
Acute Adrenal Insufficiency (AAI) is a life-threatening medical emergency, associated with high m... more Acute Adrenal Insufficiency (AAI) is a life-threatening medical emergency, associated with high mortality, and requires early diagnosis and prompt management. This is an unusual case report of a 34-year-old female who was diagnosed with breast cancer, in the second trimester of pregnancy. She presented at 33 weeks gestation, in the emergency services, with convulsions, weakness, altered sensorium and high-grade infiltrating duct carcinoma of breast with liver metastasis. She had also received a single cycle of chemotherapy with adriamycin and cyclophosphamide, at 33 weeks of pregnancy. Her condition deteriorated within 12-16 hours, and she developed abdominal pain, generalised weakness and convulsions. The patient was induced into labour, which was complicated, and delivered a still born male child. She also developed acute kidney injury and severe electrolyte imbalance, and died within four days of admission. A complete postmortem examination was performed where the cause of death ...
Acta cytologica, 2010
with KEYWORDS: follicular dendritic cells, Castleman disease, cytology.
Acta cytologica, 2010
with KEYWORDS: follicular dendritic cells, Castleman disease, cytology.
Indian Journal of Pathology and Microbiology, 2010
Adrenal myelolipoma is a rare benign tumor composed of adipose and hematopoietic tissue. Most tum... more Adrenal myelolipoma is a rare benign tumor composed of adipose and hematopoietic tissue. Most tumors are small in size and incidentally detected. We report a case of giant adrenal myelolipoma weighing 2200 gms which was diagnosed on radiology as a liposarcoma. This case is unusual in view of the large size and presence of bony spicules. To the best of our knowledge, not more than 10 giant adrenal myelolipoma cases have been reported in literature.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH
A 23-year-old female with seven months pregnancy, presented with gestational hypertension associa... more A 23-year-old female with seven months pregnancy, presented with gestational hypertension associated with mild proteinuria and was diagnosed clinically as pre-eclampsia and referred to tertiary care centre. She also had progressive breathlessness and giddiness. On examination, pallor, Blood pressure (BP) of 180/100 mm Hg and crepitations in left lower lung were noted. Laboratory investigations revealed neutrophilic leucocytosis and a profile of Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC). An ultrasound (USG) of the abdomen showed a gravid uterus with Intrauterine Foetal Death (IUFD) and a left adrenal mass. The clinical diagnosis was acute hypertensive heart failure with severe pre-eclampsia. She was put on three anti-hypertensives and ventilatory support, but she succumbed to her illness, within three days of admission. A complete autopsy was performed. The autopsy revealed hypertensive heart disease with marked left ventricular hypertrophy, severe coronary atherosclerosis, cystic...
Annals of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
International Journal of Medical Research and Review
Introduction: Nephrectomies are an integral part o f u rological p ractice and a wide rang e o f ... more Introduction: Nephrectomies are an integral part o f u rological p ractice and a wide rang e o f ren al diseas es are s een on histopathological examination o f non-n eoplastic n ephrectomy specimens. Objective: The objective o f this study was to assess the incidence, clinical presentation and the histological spectrum o f various non-neoplastic ren al diseases det ected in nephrectomy specimens at our institute and to compare our observations with the conventional patterns seen. Material and Methods: This is a retrospective 6 year study of adult non-neoplastic nephrectomies (ANNN) conduct ed in a tertiary care centre in Mumbai and includes 359 cases from January 2009 to Decemb er 2015. The paraffin blocks and slides were retriev ed from our archives and analys ed along with clinical features, radiological findings. Results: 359 ANNN specimens received ov er a 6 y ear p eriod were studied. Most of the patients were in the sixth decade with a slight female preponderance. Flank pain was the commonest presenting symptom seen in 79.94% of cas es. The most frequent surgical indication fo r ANNN was obstru ctive urop athy (47.08%) which in cludes calculus disease and PUJ obstruction followed by non-fun ctioning kidney (42.06%). On histopathological examination, the most common gross pathology was acal culus hydronephrosis (40.67%) and the most frequ ent histopathological diagnosis was chronic pyelon ephritis seen in 79.38% cases. Calculus obstructive uropathy amounted to 39.27% cases and acalculus obstructive urop athy amounted to 25.07% cases of ch ronic pyeloneph ritis. Conclusion: The most frequent surgical indication was obstructive uropathy and the most common histopathological diagnosis was chronic pyelonephritis. Calculus and acalculus obstructive uropathy amounted to almost 65% of the cases o f chronic pyeloneph ritis.
International Journal of Medical Research and Review
Adrenal cystic lesions are rare entities. Four types of cystic lesions of the adrenal gland have ... more Adrenal cystic lesions are rare entities. Four types of cystic lesions of the adrenal gland have been described in literature namely, epithelial cysts, endothelial cysts, pseudocysts and parasitic cysts. Tumors of the adrenal gland, both benign and malignant may also show cystic change and have to be considered in the differential diagnosis of cystic lesions of the adrenal gland. Lymphangioendotheliomas, though common at other sites, are unusual in the adrenal glands and bilateral involvement is extremely rare. We present four cases of adrenal cysts, two cases of lymphangioendothelial cysts and two cases of pseudocysts from 108 adrenalectomy specimens received over 5 years. Two of these had hypertension which resolved after surgery. All of our cases did well postoperatively. Prognosis of these benign cysts is excellent and the patients are disease-free after surgery.
International Journal of Medical Research and Review
Background: Since the introduction of image guided brush cytology in the mid1970s, the utilizatio... more Background: Since the introduction of image guided brush cytology in the mid1970s, the utilization of this technique has proliferated. So, currently it is the most frequently performed procedure in interventional radiology. Depending on the site of lesion, the diagnostic yield is 80%-95% and the complication rate is less than 2%. Material and Methods: It was a cross sectional study conducted in the pathology department, KEM Hospital, Mumbai, Cytology database were searched for all patients undergoing endoscopic guided brush cytology sampling of gastrointestinal lesions during the twenty six month period January 2009 to March 2011. A total of 200 cases identified where endoscopic guided brush cytology of gastrointestinal lesions was done and their cytology slides were retrieved and reviewed. Results: Cytological diagnosis proved to be effective in confirming the diagnosis as malignancy in 102 patients (56.3%) while 11 cases were reported as suspicious for malignancy, 19 cases (10.5%) were reported as inadequate or not suitable for opinion, 39 cases (21.5%) have been reported has negative for malignancy. Conclusion: Brush cytology is a safe, easy and rapid method of diagnosing gastric malignancies. It is a useful adjunct in the diagnosis of gastric malignancies and should be considered as a routine method in combination with biopsy. Multiple repeated endoscopies are recommended in cases of positive cytology and negative biopsy to rule out or confirm malignancy.
International Journal of Medical Research and Review
Introduction: Brain tumors are rare compared to other fatal and life-diminishing diseases and its... more Introduction: Brain tumors are rare compared to other fatal and life-diminishing diseases and its incidence is increasing. The objective is to study the lateral ventricular tumors with reference to age groups, gender, anatomical location, the histopathological features including the histological grades, and the clinico-radio-pathological correlation of the above cases. Methodology: Retrospective analysis of tumors of the lateral ventricle of the CNS diagnosed in the department of Neuropathology at a tertiary care and referral hospital, from January 2001 to June 2009. Results: Average Incidence of primary lateral ventricular tumor was 1.6%, that tumor involve the left lateral ventricle (46.3%) more commonly than the right lateral ventricle (29.9%). Commonest tumors in our study were the Neuronal and mixed glioneuronal tumors [31%]. 78.1% of the lateral ventricular tumors were correctly diagnosed on radiology. Conclusion: Commonest tumors were Neuronal and mixed glioneuronal tumors. Most of the tumors belonged to low WHO grade. Fairly good correlation was found between radiological and histopathological diagnosis.
Fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) is considered as one of the most useful diagnostic procedure... more Fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) is considered as one of the most useful diagnostic procedure on palpable and nonpalpable lesions guided with radiologic methods. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC), a rare but the most common primary malignant tumor of salivary glands. Low grade MEC needs to be distinguished from benign lesions of the salivary gland and may cause false negative results. High grade MEC may resemble squamaous cell carcinoma especially in cases with dense cystic component. Herein, we report a case of cytologically diagnosed and histologically confirmed MEC; in order to impress the importance and the effect of FNAB in the differential diagnosis of salivary gland lesions.
Renal Failure, 2014
Fusarium is a filamentous opportunistic pathogenic fungus responsible for superficial as well as ... more Fusarium is a filamentous opportunistic pathogenic fungus responsible for superficial as well as invasive infection in immunocompromized hosts. Net state of immunosuppression and cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection appear to predispose to this disease which is life-threatening when disseminated. Though infections with Fusarium have been widely described in hematological malignancies and hematopoietic stem cell transplant cases, they have been reported to be rare in solid organ transplant recipients, are often localized and carry a favorable prognosis. We here describe a rare case of subcutaneous non-invasive infection with Fusarium in a renal allograft recipient two and half years after transplantation. Patient had a previous history of CMV infection along with multiple other recurrent co-infections. Diagnosis was based on culture of tissue specimens yielding Fusarium species. The infection had a protracted course with persistence of lesions after treatment with voriconazole alone, requiring a combination of complete surgical excision and therapy with the anti-fungal drug.
Reproduction
Recent data suggest that the DNA damage response (DDR) is altered in the eutopic endometrium (EE)... more Recent data suggest that the DNA damage response (DDR) is altered in the eutopic endometrium (EE) of women with endometriosis and this probably ensues in response to higher DNA damage encountered by the EE in endometriosis. DDR operates in a tissue-specific manner and involves different pathways depending on the type of DNA lesions. Among these pathways, the non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathway plays a critical role in the repair of double-stranded DNA breaks. The present study was undertaken to explore whether NHEJ is affected in the EE of women with endometriosis. Towards this, we focused on the X-Ray Repair Cross-Complementing 4 (XRCC4) protein, one of the core components of the NHEJ pathway. Endometrial XRCC4 protein levels in the mid-proliferative phase were found significantly (p<0.05) downregulated in women with endometriosis, compared to control women. Investigation of a microarray-based largest dataset in the GEO database (GSE51981) revealed a similar trend at the t...
Analytical and quantitative cytopathology and histopathology, 2014
Histoplasmosis is a fungal infection caused by Histoplasma capsulatum; it mostly occurs in immuno... more Histoplasmosis is a fungal infection caused by Histoplasma capsulatum; it mostly occurs in immunocompromised individuals. Disseminated histoplasmosis may affect almost all systems. The lymph node is frequently involved in the reticuloendothelial dissemination. Histoplasmosis of the lymph node can mimic tuberculosis clinically and cytomorphologically. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is an effective method for differentiating the two. The histoplasma yeast forms are small and usually intracellular and are likely to be overlooked in Papanicolaou (Pap)-stained smears. Air-dried Giemsa-stained smears can identify them easily and clearly because of their large size and bright purple-to-blue color as compared with fixed Pap-stained smears. We report 3 cases of lymph node histoplasmosis diagnosed on cytology seen over a period of 2 years. Lymph node FNAC is a rapid, cost-effective, reliable diagnostic toolfor histoplasmosis. It can obviate the need of surgical biopsy and hasten the i...
Indian Journal of Transplantation, 2017
The incidence of unusual fungal infections in renal allografts has been rising in the last few ye... more The incidence of unusual fungal infections in renal allografts has been rising in the last few years. We report an unusual case of eumycotic mycetomas at multiple sites caused by a fungus Pyrenochaeta romeroi, in a 43-year-old male, farmer by occupation and renal allograft recipient. The patient had undergone a live, related donor transplant 9 months earlier, with wife as donor, and was on tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil and steroids. This is the only case of P. romeroi causing nodular eumycetomas at multiple sites in a renal allograft recipient. All case reports have reported single lesion and multiple lesions are uncommon.
Fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) is considered as one of the most useful diagnostic procedure... more Fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) is considered as one of the most useful diagnostic procedure on palpable and nonpalpable lesions guided with radiologic methods. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC), a rare but the most common primary malignant tumor of salivary glands. Low grade MEC needs to be distinguished from benign lesions of the salivary gland and may cause false negative results. High grade MEC may resemble squamaous cell carcinoma especially in cases with dense cystic component. Herein, we report a case of cytologically diagnosed and histologically confirmed MEC; in order to impress the importance and the effect of FNAB in the differential diagnosis of salivary gland lesions.
BACKGROUND Histoplasmosis is a fungal infection caused by Histoplasma capsulatum; it mostly occur... more BACKGROUND Histoplasmosis is a fungal infection caused by Histoplasma capsulatum; it mostly occurs in immunocompromised individuals. Disseminated histoplasmosis may affect almost all systems. The lymph node is frequently involved in the reticuloendothelial dissemination. Histoplasmosis of the lymph node can mimic tuberculosis clinically and cytomorphologically. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is an effective method for differentiating the two. The histoplasma yeast forms are small and usually intracellular and are likely to be overlooked in Papanicolaou (Pap)-stained smears. Air-dried Giemsa-stained smears can identify them easily and clearly because of their large size and bright purple-to-blue color as compared with fixed Pap-stained smears. CASES We report 3 cases of lymph node histoplasmosis diagnosed on cytology seen over a period of 2 years. CONCLUSION Lymph node FNAC is a rapid, cost-effective, reliable diagnostic toolfor histoplasmosis. It can obviate the need of surg...
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH, 2018
Human Reproduction
STUDY QUESTION Is the DNA damage response (DDR) dysregulated in the eutopic endometrium of women ... more STUDY QUESTION Is the DNA damage response (DDR) dysregulated in the eutopic endometrium of women with endometriosis? SUMMARY ANSWER Endometrial expression of genes involved in DDR is modulated in women with endometriosis, compared to those without the disease. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Ectopic endometriotic lesions are reported to harbour somatic mutations, thereby hinting at dysregulation of DDR and DNA repair pathways. However, it remains inconclusive whether the eutopic endometrium also manifests dysregulated DDR in endometriosis. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION For this case–control study conducted between 2015 and 2019, eutopic endometrial (E) samples (EE- from women with endometriosis, CE- from women without endometriosis) were collected in either mid-proliferative (EE-MP, n = 23; CE-MP, n = 17) or mid-secretory (EE-MS, n = 17; CE-MS, n = 9) phases of the menstrual cycle. This study compares: (i) DNA damage marker localization, (ii) expression of DDR genes and (iii) expression of DNA...
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH
Acute Adrenal Insufficiency (AAI) is a life-threatening medical emergency, associated with high m... more Acute Adrenal Insufficiency (AAI) is a life-threatening medical emergency, associated with high mortality, and requires early diagnosis and prompt management. This is an unusual case report of a 34-year-old female who was diagnosed with breast cancer, in the second trimester of pregnancy. She presented at 33 weeks gestation, in the emergency services, with convulsions, weakness, altered sensorium and high-grade infiltrating duct carcinoma of breast with liver metastasis. She had also received a single cycle of chemotherapy with adriamycin and cyclophosphamide, at 33 weeks of pregnancy. Her condition deteriorated within 12-16 hours, and she developed abdominal pain, generalised weakness and convulsions. The patient was induced into labour, which was complicated, and delivered a still born male child. She also developed acute kidney injury and severe electrolyte imbalance, and died within four days of admission. A complete postmortem examination was performed where the cause of death ...
Acta cytologica, 2010
with KEYWORDS: follicular dendritic cells, Castleman disease, cytology.
Acta cytologica, 2010
with KEYWORDS: follicular dendritic cells, Castleman disease, cytology.
Indian Journal of Pathology and Microbiology, 2010
Adrenal myelolipoma is a rare benign tumor composed of adipose and hematopoietic tissue. Most tum... more Adrenal myelolipoma is a rare benign tumor composed of adipose and hematopoietic tissue. Most tumors are small in size and incidentally detected. We report a case of giant adrenal myelolipoma weighing 2200 gms which was diagnosed on radiology as a liposarcoma. This case is unusual in view of the large size and presence of bony spicules. To the best of our knowledge, not more than 10 giant adrenal myelolipoma cases have been reported in literature.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH
A 23-year-old female with seven months pregnancy, presented with gestational hypertension associa... more A 23-year-old female with seven months pregnancy, presented with gestational hypertension associated with mild proteinuria and was diagnosed clinically as pre-eclampsia and referred to tertiary care centre. She also had progressive breathlessness and giddiness. On examination, pallor, Blood pressure (BP) of 180/100 mm Hg and crepitations in left lower lung were noted. Laboratory investigations revealed neutrophilic leucocytosis and a profile of Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC). An ultrasound (USG) of the abdomen showed a gravid uterus with Intrauterine Foetal Death (IUFD) and a left adrenal mass. The clinical diagnosis was acute hypertensive heart failure with severe pre-eclampsia. She was put on three anti-hypertensives and ventilatory support, but she succumbed to her illness, within three days of admission. A complete autopsy was performed. The autopsy revealed hypertensive heart disease with marked left ventricular hypertrophy, severe coronary atherosclerosis, cystic...
Annals of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
International Journal of Medical Research and Review
Introduction: Nephrectomies are an integral part o f u rological p ractice and a wide rang e o f ... more Introduction: Nephrectomies are an integral part o f u rological p ractice and a wide rang e o f ren al diseas es are s een on histopathological examination o f non-n eoplastic n ephrectomy specimens. Objective: The objective o f this study was to assess the incidence, clinical presentation and the histological spectrum o f various non-neoplastic ren al diseases det ected in nephrectomy specimens at our institute and to compare our observations with the conventional patterns seen. Material and Methods: This is a retrospective 6 year study of adult non-neoplastic nephrectomies (ANNN) conduct ed in a tertiary care centre in Mumbai and includes 359 cases from January 2009 to Decemb er 2015. The paraffin blocks and slides were retriev ed from our archives and analys ed along with clinical features, radiological findings. Results: 359 ANNN specimens received ov er a 6 y ear p eriod were studied. Most of the patients were in the sixth decade with a slight female preponderance. Flank pain was the commonest presenting symptom seen in 79.94% of cas es. The most frequent surgical indication fo r ANNN was obstru ctive urop athy (47.08%) which in cludes calculus disease and PUJ obstruction followed by non-fun ctioning kidney (42.06%). On histopathological examination, the most common gross pathology was acal culus hydronephrosis (40.67%) and the most frequ ent histopathological diagnosis was chronic pyelon ephritis seen in 79.38% cases. Calculus obstructive uropathy amounted to 39.27% cases and acalculus obstructive urop athy amounted to 25.07% cases of ch ronic pyeloneph ritis. Conclusion: The most frequent surgical indication was obstructive uropathy and the most common histopathological diagnosis was chronic pyelonephritis. Calculus and acalculus obstructive uropathy amounted to almost 65% of the cases o f chronic pyeloneph ritis.
International Journal of Medical Research and Review
Adrenal cystic lesions are rare entities. Four types of cystic lesions of the adrenal gland have ... more Adrenal cystic lesions are rare entities. Four types of cystic lesions of the adrenal gland have been described in literature namely, epithelial cysts, endothelial cysts, pseudocysts and parasitic cysts. Tumors of the adrenal gland, both benign and malignant may also show cystic change and have to be considered in the differential diagnosis of cystic lesions of the adrenal gland. Lymphangioendotheliomas, though common at other sites, are unusual in the adrenal glands and bilateral involvement is extremely rare. We present four cases of adrenal cysts, two cases of lymphangioendothelial cysts and two cases of pseudocysts from 108 adrenalectomy specimens received over 5 years. Two of these had hypertension which resolved after surgery. All of our cases did well postoperatively. Prognosis of these benign cysts is excellent and the patients are disease-free after surgery.
International Journal of Medical Research and Review
Background: Since the introduction of image guided brush cytology in the mid1970s, the utilizatio... more Background: Since the introduction of image guided brush cytology in the mid1970s, the utilization of this technique has proliferated. So, currently it is the most frequently performed procedure in interventional radiology. Depending on the site of lesion, the diagnostic yield is 80%-95% and the complication rate is less than 2%. Material and Methods: It was a cross sectional study conducted in the pathology department, KEM Hospital, Mumbai, Cytology database were searched for all patients undergoing endoscopic guided brush cytology sampling of gastrointestinal lesions during the twenty six month period January 2009 to March 2011. A total of 200 cases identified where endoscopic guided brush cytology of gastrointestinal lesions was done and their cytology slides were retrieved and reviewed. Results: Cytological diagnosis proved to be effective in confirming the diagnosis as malignancy in 102 patients (56.3%) while 11 cases were reported as suspicious for malignancy, 19 cases (10.5%) were reported as inadequate or not suitable for opinion, 39 cases (21.5%) have been reported has negative for malignancy. Conclusion: Brush cytology is a safe, easy and rapid method of diagnosing gastric malignancies. It is a useful adjunct in the diagnosis of gastric malignancies and should be considered as a routine method in combination with biopsy. Multiple repeated endoscopies are recommended in cases of positive cytology and negative biopsy to rule out or confirm malignancy.
International Journal of Medical Research and Review
Introduction: Brain tumors are rare compared to other fatal and life-diminishing diseases and its... more Introduction: Brain tumors are rare compared to other fatal and life-diminishing diseases and its incidence is increasing. The objective is to study the lateral ventricular tumors with reference to age groups, gender, anatomical location, the histopathological features including the histological grades, and the clinico-radio-pathological correlation of the above cases. Methodology: Retrospective analysis of tumors of the lateral ventricle of the CNS diagnosed in the department of Neuropathology at a tertiary care and referral hospital, from January 2001 to June 2009. Results: Average Incidence of primary lateral ventricular tumor was 1.6%, that tumor involve the left lateral ventricle (46.3%) more commonly than the right lateral ventricle (29.9%). Commonest tumors in our study were the Neuronal and mixed glioneuronal tumors [31%]. 78.1% of the lateral ventricular tumors were correctly diagnosed on radiology. Conclusion: Commonest tumors were Neuronal and mixed glioneuronal tumors. Most of the tumors belonged to low WHO grade. Fairly good correlation was found between radiological and histopathological diagnosis.