Prachala Rathod | Maharashtra University Of Health Sciences,Nashik (original) (raw)

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Papers by Prachala Rathod

Saudi Journal for Health Sciences, 2020

Strongyloidiasis is endemic in tropical and subtropical countries. It can become fatal and life-t... more Strongyloidiasis is endemic in tropical and subtropical countries. It can become fatal and life-threatening in immunocompromised patients. We report a case of a 36-year-old female who was diagnosed with myasthenia gravis and type II diabetes mellitus. The patient complained of diarrhea with fever, vomiting, and dyspnea. On examination of stool in wet mount, 10–15 motile larvae/high-power field were seen. A methylene blue staining of fecal specimen was done to confirm the larvae as rhabditiform larvae of Strongyloides stercoralis. The patient was successfully treated with ivermectin. The authors recommend that in patients with myasthenia gravis, presenting with gastrointestinal manifestations, strongyloidiasis should be suspected, investigated, and treated accordingly.

Indian Journal of Ophthalmology

Current Medical Mycology

Background and Purpose: Although Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus flavus are more commonly i... more Background and Purpose: Although Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus flavus are more commonly implicated with ocular infections; there are some saprophytic species, such as Aspergillus nidulans (A. nidulans) which may occasionally lead to serious ocular infections. There is a paucity of data on ocular infections caused by A. nidulans. We report a case series of three ophthalmic infections caused by A. nidulans from a tertiary care eye center in North India. Case report: Three cases of ophthalmic infections, including two cases of keratitis and one case of recurrent endophthalmitis caused by A. nidulans were diagnosed at the ocular microbiology section of a tertiary eye care center. One case of keratitis had a history of ophthalmic surgery and underlying diabetes mellitus. The case of recurrent endophthalmitis had undergone cataract surgery in the recent past. Diminution of vision was the most common presenting feature in all three cases. The microbiological diagnosis was made by c...

Indian Journal of Microbiology Research, 2016

Background: Cholera, one of the Notifiable Diseases is known to cause serious epidemics and pande... more Background: Cholera, one of the Notifiable Diseases is known to cause serious epidemics and pandemics in developing countries like India. An outbreak had occurred in 2013 in Solapur and the isolates revealed certain change in the trends of the epidemiological markers. Methods: A total of 30 cases presented with gastroenteritis during the months of July and August of 2013. 30 stool specimens were cultured on Blood agar, Mac Conkey agar and TCBS medium and enriched on alkaline peptone water broth. Identification of the isolates was done by standard Biochemical and Serological Agglutination tests. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was done using Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method, according to CLSI guidelines. Phage typing was done at the National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata. Results: Out of the 30 stool specimen cultured, 14 strains of V.cholerae biotype El Tor serotype Ogawa was isolated. Phage Typing could be done on 6 isolates. All the strains identified belonged to T-2 phage type, according to Basu and Mukherjee scheme. According to the new scheme, two isolates belonged to T-27 phage type, two belonged to T-3 phage type, while one each belonged to T-6 and T-12 phage types. Most of the strains isolated in 2013 epidemic were sensitive to tetracycline, cotrimoxazole, and ciprofloxacin and resistant to ampicillin and gentamicin. Interpretation and Conclusion: Due to the changing epidemiological markers of V.cholerae such as Phage type and Antibiogram, all the epidemics must be thoroughly investigated and the isolates must be subjected to complete identification and Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing.

Indian journal of applied research, 2018

Malaria is preventable as well as treatable disease still a major public health problem in India.... more Malaria is preventable as well as treatable disease still a major public health problem in India. The present study was aimed to assess the prevalence of malaria infections among patients with acute undifferentiated fever, presenting to tertiary care center Solapur, Maharashtra from January 2013 to December 2016. Total 4631 samples were tested with the RDT ACCUCARE one step malaria Pf/Pv antigen test (LAB-CARE diagnostic PVT. LTD. India) at Microbiology laboratory following manufacturer's instructions. Out of 4631samples, 295(6.37%) were positive for malaria. Plasmodium vivax was predominant (60.67%) followed by Plasmodium falciparum (30.17%) and mixed infection by Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum (9.16%). Maximum number of cases were reported in month of July to November. Males were affected more as compared to female. Finding in present study will be helpful for formation of different policy for prevention and control of malaria which will in turn reduce morbidity an...

Background: Cryptococcal meningitis has emerged as an important opportunistic central nervous sys... more Background: Cryptococcal meningitis has emerged as an important opportunistic central nervous system (CNS) infection in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) positive patients. It is associated with a high mortality rate. Hence early diagnosis is necessary to start appropriate treatment. Cryptococcosis is generally found in association with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) although it has been reported to cause disease in HIV-seronegative patients also. Objective:Prevalence of Cryptococcal meningitis in a tertiary care centre. Material & Methods: A total of 93 Cerebrospinal fluid samples from suspected cases of fungal meningitis were received in the microbiology department of GB Pant Hospital(GIPMER) from January to June 2018. Samples were subjected to direct microscopy- wet mount, India ink preparation and Gram stain, Cryptococcal antigen detection(Latex agglutination), and Fungal culture. In vitro susceptibility of Cryptococcus isolates to Fluconazole, Voriconazole, 5- Flucy...

Background: The worldwide emergence of antimicrobial resistance among a wide variety of human bac... more Background: The worldwide emergence of antimicrobial resistance among a wide variety of human bacterial burn wound pathogens, particularly nosocomial isolates, limits the available therapeutic options for effective treatment of burn wound infections. Aim: study was aimed to detect the prevalence of various types of β-Lactamases present among the gram negative bacilli isolated from burn wound infection (BWI). Materials and Methods: Present study was carried out in the Department of Microbiology Dr. V M Government medical college, Solapur Maharashtra from December 2012 to July 2014.Wound swabs collected from 50 patients having total body surface area (TBSA) of burn in between 20-40% on 4th, 10th and 16th day. A total of 202 wound swabs were collected aseptically and cultured for the growth of bacteria.158 gram negative bacilli were isolated and screened for the presence of Extended Spectrum βLactamases (ESBL), AmpC β-Lactamases, Metallo β-Lactamases (MBL) and confirmed by the standard...

Background and Purpose: Fungal infections of the central nervous system (CNS) are life-threatenin... more Background and Purpose: Fungal infections of the central nervous system (CNS) are life-threatening conditions that are frequently misdiagnosed with bacterial and viral CNS infections. Cerebral phaeohyphomycosis is a cerebral infection caused by dematiaceous fungi, especially Cladophialophora bantiana. Very few cases of fungal CNS infection have been reported across the world. High clinical suspicion should be cast for the patients with brain abscess that do not respond to conventional antibiotic therapy. Case report: We report a case of a 21-year-old male presenting with headache, seizures and weakness in the limbs. Radiological examination revealed multiple brain abscesses. After surgical excision and laboratory evaluation, it was found to be caused by C. bantiana. The patient’s outcome was good with surgical excision and voriconazole therapy. Conclusion: Brain abscess caused by C. bantiana is on rise, especially in immunocompromised groups. Thus, high clinical suspicion, accurate ...

Background: Postoperative wound infections, the third most common hospital associated infection, ... more Background: Postoperative wound infections, the third most common hospital associated infection, reported with a prevalence of 2.5-41.9%, are responsible for prolonged length of hospital stay, increased mortality, morbidity and treatment cost. The prevalence of multidrug resistant organisms is on rise thereby limiting the use of available drugs to treat such severe infections. Objective: To determine the spectrum of aerobic bacterial pathogens responsible for the postoperative wound infections along with their antibiogram. Material and Methods: The wound swabs and pus aspirates were collected from suspected infected cases from wards and ICU of G.B.Pant Hospital (GIPMER). The samples were processed in department of Microbiology as per standard techniques. Identification and Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of the isolates was done by VITEK-2 compact automated system and KirbyBauer disc diffusion method. Results: Out of 259 samples received in the laboratory, 216 samples (83%) wer...

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH

Indian Journal of Burns, 2015

Background: Burn patients are at high risk for infection, and it has been estimated that 75% of a... more Background: Burn patients are at high risk for infection, and it has been estimated that 75% of all deaths following burns are related to infection. It is, therefore, essential for a burn institution to determine its specific pattern of burn wound microbial colonization, time-related changes in predominant flora and antimicrobial profiles. Aim: To find out the bacterial and fungal profile of burn wound and evaluate the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of the organism isolated. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology, Dr. V. M. Government Medical College, Solapur, Maharashtra from December 2012 to December 2014. The wound swabs were collected from 50 patients, having total body surface area of burn in between 20% and 40% on the 4 th , 10 th , and 16 th day. Total 202 wound swabs were collected aseptically and cultured for the growth of bacteria and the fungi. Bacterial growths were then subjected to various biochemical tests for identification and antibiotic sensitivity testing. Results: Single isolates were present in 71.28%, and multiple isolates were noted in 18.31% of wound swabs. The isolation rate of Gram-negative organisms was high. The most common isolate was Klebsiella pneumoniae (34.40%) followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (23.94%), Staphylococcus aureus (22.94%), Escherichia coli (7.34%), Acinetobacter spp. (2.75%), Proteus mirabilis (2.75%), and Citrobacter species (1.38%). Candida species (4.59%) was the only fungus isolated, of which Candida albicans (50%) was the most common. Gram-negative bacteria were the most sensitive to imipenem (93.67%) and amikacin (75.94%) while Gram-positive bacteria were the most sensitive to linezolid (100%) and vancomycin (100%). Conclusion: K. pneumoniae was found to be the most common bacterial agent involved. The results of the present study will be helpful in understanding the pattern of burn wound microbial infection, the dominant bacterial and fungal flora, and the antimicrobial resistance.

Journal of Medical Sciences and Health

Saudi Journal for Health Sciences, 2020

Strongyloidiasis is endemic in tropical and subtropical countries. It can become fatal and life-t... more Strongyloidiasis is endemic in tropical and subtropical countries. It can become fatal and life-threatening in immunocompromised patients. We report a case of a 36-year-old female who was diagnosed with myasthenia gravis and type II diabetes mellitus. The patient complained of diarrhea with fever, vomiting, and dyspnea. On examination of stool in wet mount, 10–15 motile larvae/high-power field were seen. A methylene blue staining of fecal specimen was done to confirm the larvae as rhabditiform larvae of Strongyloides stercoralis. The patient was successfully treated with ivermectin. The authors recommend that in patients with myasthenia gravis, presenting with gastrointestinal manifestations, strongyloidiasis should be suspected, investigated, and treated accordingly.

Saudi Journal for Health Sciences, 2020

Strongyloidiasis is endemic in tropical and subtropical countries. It can become fatal and life-t... more Strongyloidiasis is endemic in tropical and subtropical countries. It can become fatal and life-threatening in immunocompromised patients. We report a case of a 36-year-old female who was diagnosed with myasthenia gravis and type II diabetes mellitus. The patient complained of diarrhea with fever, vomiting, and dyspnea. On examination of stool in wet mount, 10–15 motile larvae/high-power field were seen. A methylene blue staining of fecal specimen was done to confirm the larvae as rhabditiform larvae of Strongyloides stercoralis. The patient was successfully treated with ivermectin. The authors recommend that in patients with myasthenia gravis, presenting with gastrointestinal manifestations, strongyloidiasis should be suspected, investigated, and treated accordingly.

Indian Journal of Ophthalmology

Current Medical Mycology

Background and Purpose: Although Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus flavus are more commonly i... more Background and Purpose: Although Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus flavus are more commonly implicated with ocular infections; there are some saprophytic species, such as Aspergillus nidulans (A. nidulans) which may occasionally lead to serious ocular infections. There is a paucity of data on ocular infections caused by A. nidulans. We report a case series of three ophthalmic infections caused by A. nidulans from a tertiary care eye center in North India. Case report: Three cases of ophthalmic infections, including two cases of keratitis and one case of recurrent endophthalmitis caused by A. nidulans were diagnosed at the ocular microbiology section of a tertiary eye care center. One case of keratitis had a history of ophthalmic surgery and underlying diabetes mellitus. The case of recurrent endophthalmitis had undergone cataract surgery in the recent past. Diminution of vision was the most common presenting feature in all three cases. The microbiological diagnosis was made by c...

Indian Journal of Microbiology Research, 2016

Background: Cholera, one of the Notifiable Diseases is known to cause serious epidemics and pande... more Background: Cholera, one of the Notifiable Diseases is known to cause serious epidemics and pandemics in developing countries like India. An outbreak had occurred in 2013 in Solapur and the isolates revealed certain change in the trends of the epidemiological markers. Methods: A total of 30 cases presented with gastroenteritis during the months of July and August of 2013. 30 stool specimens were cultured on Blood agar, Mac Conkey agar and TCBS medium and enriched on alkaline peptone water broth. Identification of the isolates was done by standard Biochemical and Serological Agglutination tests. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was done using Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method, according to CLSI guidelines. Phage typing was done at the National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata. Results: Out of the 30 stool specimen cultured, 14 strains of V.cholerae biotype El Tor serotype Ogawa was isolated. Phage Typing could be done on 6 isolates. All the strains identified belonged to T-2 phage type, according to Basu and Mukherjee scheme. According to the new scheme, two isolates belonged to T-27 phage type, two belonged to T-3 phage type, while one each belonged to T-6 and T-12 phage types. Most of the strains isolated in 2013 epidemic were sensitive to tetracycline, cotrimoxazole, and ciprofloxacin and resistant to ampicillin and gentamicin. Interpretation and Conclusion: Due to the changing epidemiological markers of V.cholerae such as Phage type and Antibiogram, all the epidemics must be thoroughly investigated and the isolates must be subjected to complete identification and Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing.

Indian journal of applied research, 2018

Malaria is preventable as well as treatable disease still a major public health problem in India.... more Malaria is preventable as well as treatable disease still a major public health problem in India. The present study was aimed to assess the prevalence of malaria infections among patients with acute undifferentiated fever, presenting to tertiary care center Solapur, Maharashtra from January 2013 to December 2016. Total 4631 samples were tested with the RDT ACCUCARE one step malaria Pf/Pv antigen test (LAB-CARE diagnostic PVT. LTD. India) at Microbiology laboratory following manufacturer's instructions. Out of 4631samples, 295(6.37%) were positive for malaria. Plasmodium vivax was predominant (60.67%) followed by Plasmodium falciparum (30.17%) and mixed infection by Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum (9.16%). Maximum number of cases were reported in month of July to November. Males were affected more as compared to female. Finding in present study will be helpful for formation of different policy for prevention and control of malaria which will in turn reduce morbidity an...

Background: Cryptococcal meningitis has emerged as an important opportunistic central nervous sys... more Background: Cryptococcal meningitis has emerged as an important opportunistic central nervous system (CNS) infection in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) positive patients. It is associated with a high mortality rate. Hence early diagnosis is necessary to start appropriate treatment. Cryptococcosis is generally found in association with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) although it has been reported to cause disease in HIV-seronegative patients also. Objective:Prevalence of Cryptococcal meningitis in a tertiary care centre. Material & Methods: A total of 93 Cerebrospinal fluid samples from suspected cases of fungal meningitis were received in the microbiology department of GB Pant Hospital(GIPMER) from January to June 2018. Samples were subjected to direct microscopy- wet mount, India ink preparation and Gram stain, Cryptococcal antigen detection(Latex agglutination), and Fungal culture. In vitro susceptibility of Cryptococcus isolates to Fluconazole, Voriconazole, 5- Flucy...

Background: The worldwide emergence of antimicrobial resistance among a wide variety of human bac... more Background: The worldwide emergence of antimicrobial resistance among a wide variety of human bacterial burn wound pathogens, particularly nosocomial isolates, limits the available therapeutic options for effective treatment of burn wound infections. Aim: study was aimed to detect the prevalence of various types of β-Lactamases present among the gram negative bacilli isolated from burn wound infection (BWI). Materials and Methods: Present study was carried out in the Department of Microbiology Dr. V M Government medical college, Solapur Maharashtra from December 2012 to July 2014.Wound swabs collected from 50 patients having total body surface area (TBSA) of burn in between 20-40% on 4th, 10th and 16th day. A total of 202 wound swabs were collected aseptically and cultured for the growth of bacteria.158 gram negative bacilli were isolated and screened for the presence of Extended Spectrum βLactamases (ESBL), AmpC β-Lactamases, Metallo β-Lactamases (MBL) and confirmed by the standard...

Background and Purpose: Fungal infections of the central nervous system (CNS) are life-threatenin... more Background and Purpose: Fungal infections of the central nervous system (CNS) are life-threatening conditions that are frequently misdiagnosed with bacterial and viral CNS infections. Cerebral phaeohyphomycosis is a cerebral infection caused by dematiaceous fungi, especially Cladophialophora bantiana. Very few cases of fungal CNS infection have been reported across the world. High clinical suspicion should be cast for the patients with brain abscess that do not respond to conventional antibiotic therapy. Case report: We report a case of a 21-year-old male presenting with headache, seizures and weakness in the limbs. Radiological examination revealed multiple brain abscesses. After surgical excision and laboratory evaluation, it was found to be caused by C. bantiana. The patient’s outcome was good with surgical excision and voriconazole therapy. Conclusion: Brain abscess caused by C. bantiana is on rise, especially in immunocompromised groups. Thus, high clinical suspicion, accurate ...

Background: Postoperative wound infections, the third most common hospital associated infection, ... more Background: Postoperative wound infections, the third most common hospital associated infection, reported with a prevalence of 2.5-41.9%, are responsible for prolonged length of hospital stay, increased mortality, morbidity and treatment cost. The prevalence of multidrug resistant organisms is on rise thereby limiting the use of available drugs to treat such severe infections. Objective: To determine the spectrum of aerobic bacterial pathogens responsible for the postoperative wound infections along with their antibiogram. Material and Methods: The wound swabs and pus aspirates were collected from suspected infected cases from wards and ICU of G.B.Pant Hospital (GIPMER). The samples were processed in department of Microbiology as per standard techniques. Identification and Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of the isolates was done by VITEK-2 compact automated system and KirbyBauer disc diffusion method. Results: Out of 259 samples received in the laboratory, 216 samples (83%) wer...

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH

Indian Journal of Burns, 2015

Background: Burn patients are at high risk for infection, and it has been estimated that 75% of a... more Background: Burn patients are at high risk for infection, and it has been estimated that 75% of all deaths following burns are related to infection. It is, therefore, essential for a burn institution to determine its specific pattern of burn wound microbial colonization, time-related changes in predominant flora and antimicrobial profiles. Aim: To find out the bacterial and fungal profile of burn wound and evaluate the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of the organism isolated. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology, Dr. V. M. Government Medical College, Solapur, Maharashtra from December 2012 to December 2014. The wound swabs were collected from 50 patients, having total body surface area of burn in between 20% and 40% on the 4 th , 10 th , and 16 th day. Total 202 wound swabs were collected aseptically and cultured for the growth of bacteria and the fungi. Bacterial growths were then subjected to various biochemical tests for identification and antibiotic sensitivity testing. Results: Single isolates were present in 71.28%, and multiple isolates were noted in 18.31% of wound swabs. The isolation rate of Gram-negative organisms was high. The most common isolate was Klebsiella pneumoniae (34.40%) followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (23.94%), Staphylococcus aureus (22.94%), Escherichia coli (7.34%), Acinetobacter spp. (2.75%), Proteus mirabilis (2.75%), and Citrobacter species (1.38%). Candida species (4.59%) was the only fungus isolated, of which Candida albicans (50%) was the most common. Gram-negative bacteria were the most sensitive to imipenem (93.67%) and amikacin (75.94%) while Gram-positive bacteria were the most sensitive to linezolid (100%) and vancomycin (100%). Conclusion: K. pneumoniae was found to be the most common bacterial agent involved. The results of the present study will be helpful in understanding the pattern of burn wound microbial infection, the dominant bacterial and fungal flora, and the antimicrobial resistance.

Journal of Medical Sciences and Health

Saudi Journal for Health Sciences, 2020

Strongyloidiasis is endemic in tropical and subtropical countries. It can become fatal and life-t... more Strongyloidiasis is endemic in tropical and subtropical countries. It can become fatal and life-threatening in immunocompromised patients. We report a case of a 36-year-old female who was diagnosed with myasthenia gravis and type II diabetes mellitus. The patient complained of diarrhea with fever, vomiting, and dyspnea. On examination of stool in wet mount, 10–15 motile larvae/high-power field were seen. A methylene blue staining of fecal specimen was done to confirm the larvae as rhabditiform larvae of Strongyloides stercoralis. The patient was successfully treated with ivermectin. The authors recommend that in patients with myasthenia gravis, presenting with gastrointestinal manifestations, strongyloidiasis should be suspected, investigated, and treated accordingly.