Harold Shangali | Tumaini University Makumira (original) (raw)

Papers by Harold Shangali

HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), 2015

Errors in the knee joint forces and moments during gait depending on the foot and knee prosthetic... more Errors in the knee joint forces and moments during gait depending on the foot and knee prosthetic components. In XV World Congress of the International Society for Prosthetics and Orthotics (ISPO),

African Journal of Disability, Feb 19, 2016

Prosthetics and Orthotics International, Dec 1, 2002

... I present our sincere thanks to the Board of Directors of Motivation who are based in UK and ... more ... I present our sincere thanks to the Board of Directors of Motivation who are based in UK and in particular to recognise the present Motivation Team, ie Christine Cornick (Project Manager), Sarah Biatte, Polly Wangate, Chris Rushman and the TATCOT team for their tireless ...

Prosthetics and Orthotics International, Apr 1, 2006

In 1994, the ISPO consensus conference on lower limb orthotics management of cerebral palsy concl... more In 1994, the ISPO consensus conference on lower limb orthotics management of cerebral palsy concluded that the main goal of orthoses for CP is to prevent and/or correct deformities, improve dynamic efficiency of gait, and support and facilitate training in skills (ISPO, 1995). This conference raised a number of discussions whereupon in 1995 the International Society for Prosthetics and Orthotics (ISPO), in collaboration with the Leahy War Victims’ Fund of the United States Agency for International Development (LWVF-USAID) and the World Health Organization (WHO), made the first attempt at drawing experts from different government and non-government international and national organizations to describe and discuss the different prosthetics technologies practiced in developing countries (ISPO, 1996). These discussions led to further challenges but, most notably, a consensus was reached on the definition of ‘‘Appropriate technology: a system providing proper fit and alignment based on sound biomechanical principles which suits the needs of the individual and can be sustained by the country at the most economical and affordable price’’. This definition was endorsed at the next ISPO/LWVF-USAID/WHO in 2000 and further recommendations related to service provision, project protocol development, update of technology, as well as appropriate orthotics technology were made (ISPO, 2001). The implementation of appropriate technology following the recommendations of these two conferences has made a significant improvement to the quality of life of people with disabilities in developing countries. There has been an increasing use of thermoplastics and different designs of components in the provision of conventional, contemporary, or hybrid lower limb prostheses and orthoses. As in industrial countries, there has been an explosion in technological advances in developing countries. This has encouraged and motivated professionals to embark on initiatives applying new materials, components, and designs to improve the technology and at the same time meet the required treatment objectives. However, consideration of appropriate technology in orthotics has not received the same attention as in prosthetics and there is therefore a great need to discuss and reach a consensus on the assessment/evaluation, prescription, design, and principles of fabrication of lower limb orthoses for the entire spectrum of impairments of lower limb functions. ISPO, LWVFUSAID, and WHO in collaboration with key representatives from other organizations and institutions have scheduled the next consensus conference to be held in Hanoi, Vietnam in March 2006 to review and make recommendations on the technology and the practice of lower limb orthotics in developing countries. Another area that the Society has begun to be involved with is the provision of wheelchairs in developing countries. It goes without saying that some organizations, e.g. Motivation-UK, Whirlwind-USA, CIR-USA, Handicap International (HI), and ALIMCO-India, amongst others, have exemplary achievements in ensuring that quality of life is attained through the provision of appropriately-designed wheelchairs suitable for individual pathologies and needs, Prosthetics and Orthotics International April 2006; 30(1): 1 – 3

African Journal of Disability, May 27, 2020

The composition of gypsum-hydrated calcium sulphate (CaSO 4 .2H 2 O) is calcium 23.28%, sulphur 1... more The composition of gypsum-hydrated calcium sulphate (CaSO 4 .2H 2 O) is calcium 23.28%, sulphur 18.62%, hydrogen 2.34% and oxygen 55.76%. Calcium sulphate has been used wisely in several ways in the construction industry, agriculture, medicine, architecture and art. Sharp and Cork (2006) estimated that about 102 million tons of gypsum and anhydrite was produced in 2004. The production had grown to 250 million tons universally (Yu & Brouwers 2010). Gypsum hydration Currently, three polymorphs of gypsum are well recognised; they are formed because of different preparation methods, crystal morphology, impurities and/or supplements/derivatives. Both α-hemihydrates and β-hemihydrates undergo hydration reactions in slightly differing mechanisms accompanied by exothermic changes. Addition of water to gypsum results in the formation of pastes with interlocking structures, which are responsible for gypsum setting strength (Singh & Middendorf 2007). Background: Plaster of Paris (POP) is being used in different ways in the field of medicine, dentistry and rehabilitation. One of its uses is in the manufacture of models of body segments in prosthetics and orthotics. It is used as a one-off procedure in which the used material is dismantled and discarded. The disposal of discarded materials does not allow easy decomposition which then pollutes the environment. It is not known whether this material could be reused if recycled. Objectives: The main objective of the study was to recycle POP models and determine its reuse in producing models with identical qualities, and thus reduce environmental pollution. Method: The procedure adopted was to break discarded models into small pieces, remove impurities and dirt; then the sample models were milled, washed, dried and pulverised. The POP models were heated to evaporate crystalline water in order to determine for how many times it could be recycled while retaining the desired strength, setting time and working characteristics. Results: The recycled POP reached higher setting temperatures and was stronger in terms of compressive strain and strength than the virgin POP. The highest temperature recorded for recycled POP was 40°C, which was higher than that for virgin powder (32.5°C). Testing compressive strength of all cylinders in all groups showed that the average compressive strength of the recycled powder mixed with water in a ratio of 1:1 was 2407 KN/m² and the ratio of 2:3 resulted in a compressive strength of 1028 KN/m², whereas the average compressive strength of virgin POP powder mixed with water in a ratio of 1:1 was 1807 KN/m² and the ratio of 2:3 resulted in a compressive strength of 798 KN/m². There were no differences in working properties between the recycled POP and the virgin POP. Conclusion: It was therefore concluded that under controlled conditions, such as grinding size, heating temperature, time and avoidance of contamination, used POP could be continuously recycled, resulting in stronger and workable casts.

Prosthetics & Orthotics International, 2004

Prosthetics and Orthotics International, 2002

... I present our sincere thanks to the Board of Directors of Motivation who are based in UK and ... more ... I present our sincere thanks to the Board of Directors of Motivation who are based in UK and in particular to recognise the present Motivation Team, ie Christine Cornick (Project Manager), Sarah Biatte, Polly Wangate, Chris Rushman and the TATCOT team for their tireless ...

The foot for more comfort and elasticity with optimal cosmesis. This new prosthetic foot combines... more The foot for more comfort and elasticity with optimal cosmesis. This new prosthetic foot combines multiaxial joint movements with the positive qualities of the OTTO BOCK Dynamic Foot. • Dampened heel strike through plantar flexion • Elastic forefoot as in the Dynamic Foot • Pronation and supination possible in any position of the joint • Low degree of transverse rotation due to joint bearing elasticity • For patients who are moderately active The Multiaxial Foot is supplied with a mounted modular adaptor. Alignment recommendations: • Mid foot positioned 10-15 mm anterior to the weight bearing line • Heel heights of 10-15 mm

The 3R60 Modular Knee is a unique polycentric joint offering an ergonomically balanced stride (EB... more The 3R60 Modular Knee is a unique polycentric joint offering an ergonomically balanced stride (EBS) and hydraulic swing phase control. It is designed for the moderately active amputee weighing up to 100 kg (220 lbs.). Swing phase is controlled by an adjustable hydraulic cylinder which automatically synchronizes with gait speed, The knee's ergonomie flexion feature actually increases stance phase security. Controlled resistance provides up to 15 ° of cushioned stance flexion between heel strike and foot flat. This improvement İn knee biomechanics results in increased comfort during weight bearing and walking. Your patients will appreciate the generous max imum flexion (150°) and low 9 2 0 gram weight.

Chairmen of National Member Societies Australia A. van der Borch 4.3.1 The Executive Board will c... more Chairmen of National Member Societies Australia A. van der Borch 4.3.1 The Executive Board will consist of the President, the President-Elect, two Vice-Presidents, and four other Fellows of ISPO. The Honorary Secretary, the Treasurer, all Past-Presidents and all Standing Committee Chairmen join the Executive Board as non-voting members. The President, with majority approval of the Board, may appoint non-voting consultants to the Board. 4.3.1 The Executive Board will consist of the President, the President-Elect, two Vice-Presidents, and four other Fellows of ISPO. The Honorary Secretary, the Honorary Treasurer, the Immediate Past-President and all Standing Committee Chairmen join the Executive Board as non-voting members. The President, with majority approval of the Board, may appoint non-voting consultants to the Board. 4.4.1 The officers shall be the President, the Immediate Past-President, the President-Elect, two Vice-Presidents, the Honorary Secretary and the Treasurer. The responsibilities of the Officers, the terms of office and the manner of election or appointment will be as specified in these By-laws. 4.4.1 The officers shall be the President, the Immediate Past-President, the President-Elect, two Vice-Presidents, the Honorary Secretary and the Honorary Treasurer. The responsibilities of the Officers, the terms of office and the manner of election or appointment will be as specified in these By-laws. 4.4.S.1 He shall be responsible for arrangements for all Executive Board and International Committee meetings including preparation of agenda and publication of these to all members of the Board or the International Committee. At least two months notice of such meetings shall be given where possible. 4.4.5.1 The Honorary Secretary shall be responsible for arrangements for all Executive Board and International Committee meetings including preparation of agenda and publication of these to all members of the Board or the International Committee. At least two months notice of such meetings shall be given where possible. 4.4.6 The Treasurer (normally with the assistance of the Executive Officer) and under the direction of the President shall have general supervision of the fiscal affairs of the ISPO and shall be responsible for the keeping of accounts thereof and any other record required by law 4.4.6 The Honorary Treasurer (normally with the assistance of the Executive Officer) and under the direction of the President shall have general supervision of the fiscal affairs of the ISPO and shall be responsible for the keeping of accounts thereof and any other record required by law. 4.5.S The Protocol and Nominations Committee shall comprise the President, the Past Presidents, the President-Elect, two Fellows from the membership at large, the Honorary Secretary (ex-officio). 4.5.5 The Protocol and Nominations Committee shall comprise the President, the immediate Past-President, the President-Elect, two Fellows from the membership at large, the Honorary Secretary (ex offico) and up to two Past-Presidents nominated by the President. 6.1 The President, the Honorary Secretary and the Treasurer shall each have individual authority to commit the Society to obligations of funds within the budget approved by the Board in accordance with paragraph 4.5.4.2 of these By-laws. Standing Committee chairmen shall be entitled to commit funds made available to their committees by the Executive Board or obtained from outside sources. 6.1 The President, the Honorary Secretary and the Honorary Treasurer shall each have individual authority to commit the Society to obligations of funds within the budget approved by the Board in accordance with paragraph 4.5.4.2 of these By laws. Standing Committee chairman shall be entitled to commit funds made available to their committees by the Executive Board or obtained from outside sources.

Crossing legs, sliding sideways into an automobile, or sitting comfortably at a restaurant table ... more Crossing legs, sliding sideways into an automobile, or sitting comfortably at a restaurant table are much simpler, now, thanks to the 4R57 Rotation Adapter from Otto Bock. Installation above the knee joint permits rotation in both directions at the touch at a button. The lock re-engages automatically when the limb is placed in the starting position. Shouldn't your patients have this freedom? Offer them authentic Otto Bock quality.

Prosthetics and orthotics international, 2003

Prosthetics & Orthotics International, 2004

Ladies and Gentlemen Let me take this opportunity, to extend all my heartfelt appreciation for th... more Ladies and Gentlemen Let me take this opportunity, to extend all my heartfelt appreciation for the confidence that you have shown by electing me as President of the International Society for Prosthetics and Orthotics (ISPO) for the next triennium.

Prosthetics & Orthotics International, 2005

Prosthetics & Orthotics International, 2015

Background Elevated skin temperature at the body/device interface of lower-limb prostheses is one... more Background Elevated skin temperature at the body/device interface of lower-limb prostheses is one of the major factors that affect tissue health [1]. The heat dissipation in prosthetic sockets is greatly influenced by the thermal conductive properties of the hard socket and liner material employed. This leads to a hypothesis that if the thermal properties of the socket & liner materials are known then the in-socket skin temperature could be accurately predicted by measuring between the socket and interface liner, rather than at the more technically challenging skin interface. Aim: To predict the residual limb temperature by employing a machine learning algorithm-Gaussian processes, which utilizes the thermal time constant values of commonly used socket and liner materials. Method: In order to measure the level of thermal responsiveness of the prosthetic material, the thermal time constant is evaluated. The thermal time constant is the time it takes for a material to change to 63.2% of the total difference between its initial and final temperatures. The experimental setup included a heat source whose temperature could be controlled through a proportional-integralderivative (PID) controller. The liner and socket materials were placed both individually as well as in combination on the heat source and the temperature at each interface was measured by K-type thermocouples attached to a data logger. The time constant of the prosthetic materials was determined using the logarithmic method and was then used in the mathematical model to time shift the data for better predictive accuracy. The materials of interest in our study are the Polyurethane liner and the Thermosetting lay-up socket material. Results: For Polyurethane liner with a 5mm thickness, the thermal time constant was 3.1minutes. But when it was used in combination with a thermosetting socket material of 4mm thickness, the thermal time constant increased to 5.4 minutes. This implies that the choice of materials in prosthesis influences the body's inability to thermoregulate effectively. The developed Gaussian model [2] does not take into account the effect of thermal time constant of the prosthetic materials. A thermal time delay of 5.4 minutes is in built in the existing model now and as a result the accuracy of the model is improved from ±0.8ºC to ±0.5ºC. Discussion & Conclusion This study highlights the relevance of thermal time constant of prosthetic materials in Gaussian Processes technique which would be useful in addressing the challenge of non-invasively monitoring the residual limb skin temperature. With the introduction of thermal time constant in the model, the accuracy increases, thereby making prediction more reliable. For other liner-socket combinations, the thermal time constant may vary and hence model would need to time shift the data accordingly.

Prosthetics and Orthotics International, 2006

In 1994, the ISPO consensus conference on lower limb orthotics management of cerebral palsy concl... more In 1994, the ISPO consensus conference on lower limb orthotics management of cerebral palsy concluded that the main goal of orthoses for CP is to prevent and/or correct deformities, improve dynamic efficiency of gait, and support and facilitate training in skills (ISPO, 1995). This conference raised a number of discussions whereupon in 1995 the International Society for Prosthetics and Orthotics (ISPO), in collaboration with the Leahy War Victims’ Fund of the United States Agency for International Development (LWVF-USAID) and the World Health Organization (WHO), made the first attempt at drawing experts from different government and non-government international and national organizations to describe and discuss the different prosthetics technologies practiced in developing countries (ISPO, 1996). These discussions led to further challenges but, most notably, a consensus was reached on the definition of ‘‘Appropriate technology: a system providing proper fit and alignment based on sound biomechanical principles which suits the needs of the individual and can be sustained by the country at the most economical and affordable price’’. This definition was endorsed at the next ISPO/LWVF-USAID/WHO in 2000 and further recommendations related to service provision, project protocol development, update of technology, as well as appropriate orthotics technology were made (ISPO, 2001). The implementation of appropriate technology following the recommendations of these two conferences has made a significant improvement to the quality of life of people with disabilities in developing countries. There has been an increasing use of thermoplastics and different designs of components in the provision of conventional, contemporary, or hybrid lower limb prostheses and orthoses. As in industrial countries, there has been an explosion in technological advances in developing countries. This has encouraged and motivated professionals to embark on initiatives applying new materials, components, and designs to improve the technology and at the same time meet the required treatment objectives. However, consideration of appropriate technology in orthotics has not received the same attention as in prosthetics and there is therefore a great need to discuss and reach a consensus on the assessment/evaluation, prescription, design, and principles of fabrication of lower limb orthoses for the entire spectrum of impairments of lower limb functions. ISPO, LWVFUSAID, and WHO in collaboration with key representatives from other organizations and institutions have scheduled the next consensus conference to be held in Hanoi, Vietnam in March 2006 to review and make recommendations on the technology and the practice of lower limb orthotics in developing countries. Another area that the Society has begun to be involved with is the provision of wheelchairs in developing countries. It goes without saying that some organizations, e.g. Motivation-UK, Whirlwind-USA, CIR-USA, Handicap International (HI), and ALIMCO-India, amongst others, have exemplary achievements in ensuring that quality of life is attained through the provision of appropriately-designed wheelchairs suitable for individual pathologies and needs, Prosthetics and Orthotics International April 2006; 30(1): 1 – 3

The Board has this day approved the financial statements for the International Society for Prosth... more The Board has this day approved the financial statements for the International Society for Prosthetics and Orthotics. The financial statement has been presented in accordance with Danish legislation on accounting for foundations. In our opinion the accounting policies used are proper to give a fair presentation of the assets, liabilities, the financial position and the results for the year. We recommend the board to approve the financial statements.

African Journal of Disability

Background: Plaster of Paris (POP) has been in use in several ways in the field of medicine, dent... more Background: Plaster of Paris (POP) has been in use in several ways in the field of medicine, dental and rehabilitation medicine. One of its uses is in the manufacture of models of body segments in prosthetics and orthotics. It is used as a one-off procedure in which the used material is dismantled and discarded. The disposal of materials does not allow easy decomposition which hence pollutes the environment. It is not known whether this material can be re-used if recycled.Objective: The main objective of the study was to recycle POP models and determine its re-use in producing models with identical qualities which could then reduce environmental pollution.Method: The procedure adopted was to break the models into small pieces, remove impurities and dirt; and then the samples were milled, washed, dried and pulverized. The POP models were heated to evaporate the crystalline water in order to determine how many times it could be recycled while retaining the desired strength, setting ti...

African Journal of Disability, 2016

Background: Maintaining and improving the quality of prosthetics and orthotics education at the T... more Background: Maintaining and improving the quality of prosthetics and orthotics education at the Tanzania Training Centre for Orthopaedic Technologists is essential for the provision of appropriate prosthetics and orthotics services in African countries.Objectives: To describe how Tanzanian and Malawian graduates’ of the Diploma in Orthopaedic Technology perceive their education and how it could be improved or supplemented to facilitate clinical practice of graduates.Methods: Nineteen graduates from the diploma course in orthopaedic technology were interviewed and phenomenographic analysis was applied to the data.Results: Seven descriptive categories emerged, namely varied awareness of the profession before starting education, well-equipped teaching facilities, aspects lacking in the learning context, need for changes in the curriculum, enabling people to walk is motivating, obstacles in working conditions and the need for continuous professional development. All participants perceiv...

HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), 2015

Errors in the knee joint forces and moments during gait depending on the foot and knee prosthetic... more Errors in the knee joint forces and moments during gait depending on the foot and knee prosthetic components. In XV World Congress of the International Society for Prosthetics and Orthotics (ISPO),

African Journal of Disability, Feb 19, 2016

Prosthetics and Orthotics International, Dec 1, 2002

... I present our sincere thanks to the Board of Directors of Motivation who are based in UK and ... more ... I present our sincere thanks to the Board of Directors of Motivation who are based in UK and in particular to recognise the present Motivation Team, ie Christine Cornick (Project Manager), Sarah Biatte, Polly Wangate, Chris Rushman and the TATCOT team for their tireless ...

Prosthetics and Orthotics International, Apr 1, 2006

In 1994, the ISPO consensus conference on lower limb orthotics management of cerebral palsy concl... more In 1994, the ISPO consensus conference on lower limb orthotics management of cerebral palsy concluded that the main goal of orthoses for CP is to prevent and/or correct deformities, improve dynamic efficiency of gait, and support and facilitate training in skills (ISPO, 1995). This conference raised a number of discussions whereupon in 1995 the International Society for Prosthetics and Orthotics (ISPO), in collaboration with the Leahy War Victims’ Fund of the United States Agency for International Development (LWVF-USAID) and the World Health Organization (WHO), made the first attempt at drawing experts from different government and non-government international and national organizations to describe and discuss the different prosthetics technologies practiced in developing countries (ISPO, 1996). These discussions led to further challenges but, most notably, a consensus was reached on the definition of ‘‘Appropriate technology: a system providing proper fit and alignment based on sound biomechanical principles which suits the needs of the individual and can be sustained by the country at the most economical and affordable price’’. This definition was endorsed at the next ISPO/LWVF-USAID/WHO in 2000 and further recommendations related to service provision, project protocol development, update of technology, as well as appropriate orthotics technology were made (ISPO, 2001). The implementation of appropriate technology following the recommendations of these two conferences has made a significant improvement to the quality of life of people with disabilities in developing countries. There has been an increasing use of thermoplastics and different designs of components in the provision of conventional, contemporary, or hybrid lower limb prostheses and orthoses. As in industrial countries, there has been an explosion in technological advances in developing countries. This has encouraged and motivated professionals to embark on initiatives applying new materials, components, and designs to improve the technology and at the same time meet the required treatment objectives. However, consideration of appropriate technology in orthotics has not received the same attention as in prosthetics and there is therefore a great need to discuss and reach a consensus on the assessment/evaluation, prescription, design, and principles of fabrication of lower limb orthoses for the entire spectrum of impairments of lower limb functions. ISPO, LWVFUSAID, and WHO in collaboration with key representatives from other organizations and institutions have scheduled the next consensus conference to be held in Hanoi, Vietnam in March 2006 to review and make recommendations on the technology and the practice of lower limb orthotics in developing countries. Another area that the Society has begun to be involved with is the provision of wheelchairs in developing countries. It goes without saying that some organizations, e.g. Motivation-UK, Whirlwind-USA, CIR-USA, Handicap International (HI), and ALIMCO-India, amongst others, have exemplary achievements in ensuring that quality of life is attained through the provision of appropriately-designed wheelchairs suitable for individual pathologies and needs, Prosthetics and Orthotics International April 2006; 30(1): 1 – 3

African Journal of Disability, May 27, 2020

The composition of gypsum-hydrated calcium sulphate (CaSO 4 .2H 2 O) is calcium 23.28%, sulphur 1... more The composition of gypsum-hydrated calcium sulphate (CaSO 4 .2H 2 O) is calcium 23.28%, sulphur 18.62%, hydrogen 2.34% and oxygen 55.76%. Calcium sulphate has been used wisely in several ways in the construction industry, agriculture, medicine, architecture and art. Sharp and Cork (2006) estimated that about 102 million tons of gypsum and anhydrite was produced in 2004. The production had grown to 250 million tons universally (Yu & Brouwers 2010). Gypsum hydration Currently, three polymorphs of gypsum are well recognised; they are formed because of different preparation methods, crystal morphology, impurities and/or supplements/derivatives. Both α-hemihydrates and β-hemihydrates undergo hydration reactions in slightly differing mechanisms accompanied by exothermic changes. Addition of water to gypsum results in the formation of pastes with interlocking structures, which are responsible for gypsum setting strength (Singh & Middendorf 2007). Background: Plaster of Paris (POP) is being used in different ways in the field of medicine, dentistry and rehabilitation. One of its uses is in the manufacture of models of body segments in prosthetics and orthotics. It is used as a one-off procedure in which the used material is dismantled and discarded. The disposal of discarded materials does not allow easy decomposition which then pollutes the environment. It is not known whether this material could be reused if recycled. Objectives: The main objective of the study was to recycle POP models and determine its reuse in producing models with identical qualities, and thus reduce environmental pollution. Method: The procedure adopted was to break discarded models into small pieces, remove impurities and dirt; then the sample models were milled, washed, dried and pulverised. The POP models were heated to evaporate crystalline water in order to determine for how many times it could be recycled while retaining the desired strength, setting time and working characteristics. Results: The recycled POP reached higher setting temperatures and was stronger in terms of compressive strain and strength than the virgin POP. The highest temperature recorded for recycled POP was 40°C, which was higher than that for virgin powder (32.5°C). Testing compressive strength of all cylinders in all groups showed that the average compressive strength of the recycled powder mixed with water in a ratio of 1:1 was 2407 KN/m² and the ratio of 2:3 resulted in a compressive strength of 1028 KN/m², whereas the average compressive strength of virgin POP powder mixed with water in a ratio of 1:1 was 1807 KN/m² and the ratio of 2:3 resulted in a compressive strength of 798 KN/m². There were no differences in working properties between the recycled POP and the virgin POP. Conclusion: It was therefore concluded that under controlled conditions, such as grinding size, heating temperature, time and avoidance of contamination, used POP could be continuously recycled, resulting in stronger and workable casts.

Prosthetics & Orthotics International, 2004

Prosthetics and Orthotics International, 2002

... I present our sincere thanks to the Board of Directors of Motivation who are based in UK and ... more ... I present our sincere thanks to the Board of Directors of Motivation who are based in UK and in particular to recognise the present Motivation Team, ie Christine Cornick (Project Manager), Sarah Biatte, Polly Wangate, Chris Rushman and the TATCOT team for their tireless ...

The foot for more comfort and elasticity with optimal cosmesis. This new prosthetic foot combines... more The foot for more comfort and elasticity with optimal cosmesis. This new prosthetic foot combines multiaxial joint movements with the positive qualities of the OTTO BOCK Dynamic Foot. • Dampened heel strike through plantar flexion • Elastic forefoot as in the Dynamic Foot • Pronation and supination possible in any position of the joint • Low degree of transverse rotation due to joint bearing elasticity • For patients who are moderately active The Multiaxial Foot is supplied with a mounted modular adaptor. Alignment recommendations: • Mid foot positioned 10-15 mm anterior to the weight bearing line • Heel heights of 10-15 mm

The 3R60 Modular Knee is a unique polycentric joint offering an ergonomically balanced stride (EB... more The 3R60 Modular Knee is a unique polycentric joint offering an ergonomically balanced stride (EBS) and hydraulic swing phase control. It is designed for the moderately active amputee weighing up to 100 kg (220 lbs.). Swing phase is controlled by an adjustable hydraulic cylinder which automatically synchronizes with gait speed, The knee's ergonomie flexion feature actually increases stance phase security. Controlled resistance provides up to 15 ° of cushioned stance flexion between heel strike and foot flat. This improvement İn knee biomechanics results in increased comfort during weight bearing and walking. Your patients will appreciate the generous max imum flexion (150°) and low 9 2 0 gram weight.

Chairmen of National Member Societies Australia A. van der Borch 4.3.1 The Executive Board will c... more Chairmen of National Member Societies Australia A. van der Borch 4.3.1 The Executive Board will consist of the President, the President-Elect, two Vice-Presidents, and four other Fellows of ISPO. The Honorary Secretary, the Treasurer, all Past-Presidents and all Standing Committee Chairmen join the Executive Board as non-voting members. The President, with majority approval of the Board, may appoint non-voting consultants to the Board. 4.3.1 The Executive Board will consist of the President, the President-Elect, two Vice-Presidents, and four other Fellows of ISPO. The Honorary Secretary, the Honorary Treasurer, the Immediate Past-President and all Standing Committee Chairmen join the Executive Board as non-voting members. The President, with majority approval of the Board, may appoint non-voting consultants to the Board. 4.4.1 The officers shall be the President, the Immediate Past-President, the President-Elect, two Vice-Presidents, the Honorary Secretary and the Treasurer. The responsibilities of the Officers, the terms of office and the manner of election or appointment will be as specified in these By-laws. 4.4.1 The officers shall be the President, the Immediate Past-President, the President-Elect, two Vice-Presidents, the Honorary Secretary and the Honorary Treasurer. The responsibilities of the Officers, the terms of office and the manner of election or appointment will be as specified in these By-laws. 4.4.S.1 He shall be responsible for arrangements for all Executive Board and International Committee meetings including preparation of agenda and publication of these to all members of the Board or the International Committee. At least two months notice of such meetings shall be given where possible. 4.4.5.1 The Honorary Secretary shall be responsible for arrangements for all Executive Board and International Committee meetings including preparation of agenda and publication of these to all members of the Board or the International Committee. At least two months notice of such meetings shall be given where possible. 4.4.6 The Treasurer (normally with the assistance of the Executive Officer) and under the direction of the President shall have general supervision of the fiscal affairs of the ISPO and shall be responsible for the keeping of accounts thereof and any other record required by law 4.4.6 The Honorary Treasurer (normally with the assistance of the Executive Officer) and under the direction of the President shall have general supervision of the fiscal affairs of the ISPO and shall be responsible for the keeping of accounts thereof and any other record required by law. 4.5.S The Protocol and Nominations Committee shall comprise the President, the Past Presidents, the President-Elect, two Fellows from the membership at large, the Honorary Secretary (ex-officio). 4.5.5 The Protocol and Nominations Committee shall comprise the President, the immediate Past-President, the President-Elect, two Fellows from the membership at large, the Honorary Secretary (ex offico) and up to two Past-Presidents nominated by the President. 6.1 The President, the Honorary Secretary and the Treasurer shall each have individual authority to commit the Society to obligations of funds within the budget approved by the Board in accordance with paragraph 4.5.4.2 of these By-laws. Standing Committee chairmen shall be entitled to commit funds made available to their committees by the Executive Board or obtained from outside sources. 6.1 The President, the Honorary Secretary and the Honorary Treasurer shall each have individual authority to commit the Society to obligations of funds within the budget approved by the Board in accordance with paragraph 4.5.4.2 of these By laws. Standing Committee chairman shall be entitled to commit funds made available to their committees by the Executive Board or obtained from outside sources.

Crossing legs, sliding sideways into an automobile, or sitting comfortably at a restaurant table ... more Crossing legs, sliding sideways into an automobile, or sitting comfortably at a restaurant table are much simpler, now, thanks to the 4R57 Rotation Adapter from Otto Bock. Installation above the knee joint permits rotation in both directions at the touch at a button. The lock re-engages automatically when the limb is placed in the starting position. Shouldn't your patients have this freedom? Offer them authentic Otto Bock quality.

Prosthetics and orthotics international, 2003

Prosthetics & Orthotics International, 2004

Ladies and Gentlemen Let me take this opportunity, to extend all my heartfelt appreciation for th... more Ladies and Gentlemen Let me take this opportunity, to extend all my heartfelt appreciation for the confidence that you have shown by electing me as President of the International Society for Prosthetics and Orthotics (ISPO) for the next triennium.

Prosthetics & Orthotics International, 2005

Prosthetics & Orthotics International, 2015

Background Elevated skin temperature at the body/device interface of lower-limb prostheses is one... more Background Elevated skin temperature at the body/device interface of lower-limb prostheses is one of the major factors that affect tissue health [1]. The heat dissipation in prosthetic sockets is greatly influenced by the thermal conductive properties of the hard socket and liner material employed. This leads to a hypothesis that if the thermal properties of the socket & liner materials are known then the in-socket skin temperature could be accurately predicted by measuring between the socket and interface liner, rather than at the more technically challenging skin interface. Aim: To predict the residual limb temperature by employing a machine learning algorithm-Gaussian processes, which utilizes the thermal time constant values of commonly used socket and liner materials. Method: In order to measure the level of thermal responsiveness of the prosthetic material, the thermal time constant is evaluated. The thermal time constant is the time it takes for a material to change to 63.2% of the total difference between its initial and final temperatures. The experimental setup included a heat source whose temperature could be controlled through a proportional-integralderivative (PID) controller. The liner and socket materials were placed both individually as well as in combination on the heat source and the temperature at each interface was measured by K-type thermocouples attached to a data logger. The time constant of the prosthetic materials was determined using the logarithmic method and was then used in the mathematical model to time shift the data for better predictive accuracy. The materials of interest in our study are the Polyurethane liner and the Thermosetting lay-up socket material. Results: For Polyurethane liner with a 5mm thickness, the thermal time constant was 3.1minutes. But when it was used in combination with a thermosetting socket material of 4mm thickness, the thermal time constant increased to 5.4 minutes. This implies that the choice of materials in prosthesis influences the body's inability to thermoregulate effectively. The developed Gaussian model [2] does not take into account the effect of thermal time constant of the prosthetic materials. A thermal time delay of 5.4 minutes is in built in the existing model now and as a result the accuracy of the model is improved from ±0.8ºC to ±0.5ºC. Discussion & Conclusion This study highlights the relevance of thermal time constant of prosthetic materials in Gaussian Processes technique which would be useful in addressing the challenge of non-invasively monitoring the residual limb skin temperature. With the introduction of thermal time constant in the model, the accuracy increases, thereby making prediction more reliable. For other liner-socket combinations, the thermal time constant may vary and hence model would need to time shift the data accordingly.

Prosthetics and Orthotics International, 2006

In 1994, the ISPO consensus conference on lower limb orthotics management of cerebral palsy concl... more In 1994, the ISPO consensus conference on lower limb orthotics management of cerebral palsy concluded that the main goal of orthoses for CP is to prevent and/or correct deformities, improve dynamic efficiency of gait, and support and facilitate training in skills (ISPO, 1995). This conference raised a number of discussions whereupon in 1995 the International Society for Prosthetics and Orthotics (ISPO), in collaboration with the Leahy War Victims’ Fund of the United States Agency for International Development (LWVF-USAID) and the World Health Organization (WHO), made the first attempt at drawing experts from different government and non-government international and national organizations to describe and discuss the different prosthetics technologies practiced in developing countries (ISPO, 1996). These discussions led to further challenges but, most notably, a consensus was reached on the definition of ‘‘Appropriate technology: a system providing proper fit and alignment based on sound biomechanical principles which suits the needs of the individual and can be sustained by the country at the most economical and affordable price’’. This definition was endorsed at the next ISPO/LWVF-USAID/WHO in 2000 and further recommendations related to service provision, project protocol development, update of technology, as well as appropriate orthotics technology were made (ISPO, 2001). The implementation of appropriate technology following the recommendations of these two conferences has made a significant improvement to the quality of life of people with disabilities in developing countries. There has been an increasing use of thermoplastics and different designs of components in the provision of conventional, contemporary, or hybrid lower limb prostheses and orthoses. As in industrial countries, there has been an explosion in technological advances in developing countries. This has encouraged and motivated professionals to embark on initiatives applying new materials, components, and designs to improve the technology and at the same time meet the required treatment objectives. However, consideration of appropriate technology in orthotics has not received the same attention as in prosthetics and there is therefore a great need to discuss and reach a consensus on the assessment/evaluation, prescription, design, and principles of fabrication of lower limb orthoses for the entire spectrum of impairments of lower limb functions. ISPO, LWVFUSAID, and WHO in collaboration with key representatives from other organizations and institutions have scheduled the next consensus conference to be held in Hanoi, Vietnam in March 2006 to review and make recommendations on the technology and the practice of lower limb orthotics in developing countries. Another area that the Society has begun to be involved with is the provision of wheelchairs in developing countries. It goes without saying that some organizations, e.g. Motivation-UK, Whirlwind-USA, CIR-USA, Handicap International (HI), and ALIMCO-India, amongst others, have exemplary achievements in ensuring that quality of life is attained through the provision of appropriately-designed wheelchairs suitable for individual pathologies and needs, Prosthetics and Orthotics International April 2006; 30(1): 1 – 3

The Board has this day approved the financial statements for the International Society for Prosth... more The Board has this day approved the financial statements for the International Society for Prosthetics and Orthotics. The financial statement has been presented in accordance with Danish legislation on accounting for foundations. In our opinion the accounting policies used are proper to give a fair presentation of the assets, liabilities, the financial position and the results for the year. We recommend the board to approve the financial statements.

African Journal of Disability

Background: Plaster of Paris (POP) has been in use in several ways in the field of medicine, dent... more Background: Plaster of Paris (POP) has been in use in several ways in the field of medicine, dental and rehabilitation medicine. One of its uses is in the manufacture of models of body segments in prosthetics and orthotics. It is used as a one-off procedure in which the used material is dismantled and discarded. The disposal of materials does not allow easy decomposition which hence pollutes the environment. It is not known whether this material can be re-used if recycled.Objective: The main objective of the study was to recycle POP models and determine its re-use in producing models with identical qualities which could then reduce environmental pollution.Method: The procedure adopted was to break the models into small pieces, remove impurities and dirt; and then the samples were milled, washed, dried and pulverized. The POP models were heated to evaporate the crystalline water in order to determine how many times it could be recycled while retaining the desired strength, setting ti...

African Journal of Disability, 2016

Background: Maintaining and improving the quality of prosthetics and orthotics education at the T... more Background: Maintaining and improving the quality of prosthetics and orthotics education at the Tanzania Training Centre for Orthopaedic Technologists is essential for the provision of appropriate prosthetics and orthotics services in African countries.Objectives: To describe how Tanzanian and Malawian graduates’ of the Diploma in Orthopaedic Technology perceive their education and how it could be improved or supplemented to facilitate clinical practice of graduates.Methods: Nineteen graduates from the diploma course in orthopaedic technology were interviewed and phenomenographic analysis was applied to the data.Results: Seven descriptive categories emerged, namely varied awareness of the profession before starting education, well-equipped teaching facilities, aspects lacking in the learning context, need for changes in the curriculum, enabling people to walk is motivating, obstacles in working conditions and the need for continuous professional development. All participants perceiv...