Rosna Mat Taha | University of Malaya, Malaysia (original) (raw)

Papers by Rosna Mat Taha

Research paper thumbnail of Effects of MeJA and SA elicitation on secondary metabolic activity, antioxidant content and callogenesis in Phyllanthus pulcher

Brazilian Journal of Botany, 2015

ABSTRACT To develop in vitro callus induction of Phyllanthus pulcher and investigate secondary me... more ABSTRACT To develop in vitro callus induction of Phyllanthus pulcher and investigate secondary metabolite activities, methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and salicylic acid (SA) as two abiotic elicitors were evaluated. Growth and secondary metabolite production of callus from P. pulcher grown in Murashige and Skoog medium, supplemented with 1 mg L−1 2, 4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (2, 4-D) and SA with a lower concentration (≤5 mg L−1) showed a significant effect on callus fresh weight, while the dry weight was not affected significantly by higher concentrations. However, in secondary metabolite content, including total flavonoid and phenolic contents and antioxidant activities, significant differences among different SA concentrations were observed. The results revealed that the high concentration of MeJA (>10 mM) inhibits the callus growth, and 1 mM of MeJA resulted in the highest yield for total flavonoid and phenolic contents and antioxidant activity. A very strong positive relationship (0.969) among TFC, TPC, and antioxidant activity was revealed.

Research paper thumbnail of In vitro Studies and Antimicrobial Activities of Pereskia grandifolia Haworth var. grandifolia Rosna Mat Taha* and Fatimah Abdol Latif

Research paper thumbnail of Effects of Cryopreservation and Relative Humidity on Viability and Nutritional Composition of Sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.)

Changes in seed viability due to environmental conditions are crucial factors to preserve seed ge... more Changes in seed viability due to environmental conditions are crucial factors to preserve seed germination ability in equatorial zones. Influence of relative humidity (RH) and frozen storage on the seed viability, nutritional compositions, trace metals and macro-nutrients of three Onobrychis viciifolia varieties (Golpaygan-181, Orumieh-1763 and Gorgan-1601) were investigated. Mean relative humidity of 84% hastened the loss of seed viability during 6 months, while frozen seeds at-20ºC only exerted a minimal deteriorative effect on the germination of seed and vigor index. HPLC profiles differed in peak areas of the two important alkaloids, Berberine and Sanguinarine, in ambient humidity compared with control condition. Accumulation of crude protein (CP) and dry matter digestibility (DMD) were enhanced under ambient humidity and frozen storage in seed cells. Relative humidity indicated positive effects on seed quality by crude fibre (CF) reduction. The atomic spectroscopy analysis confirmed the increment of trace metals ratio (Fe, Mn and Cu) and reduction of macro-nutrients ratio (Ca, P and N) in frozen storage after 6 months. Although vigor index and germination speed were lower in frozen storage seeds compared with control seeds, the notable results can be optimized in future studies.

Research paper thumbnail of 2013- Aus J Crop Sci

Efficient shoot bud formation (94.5  7.59%), in vitro regeneration and production of flowers wer... more Efficient shoot bud formation (94.5  7.59%), in vitro regeneration and production of flowers were obtained from sterile plants of Begonia x hiemalis Fotsch. An in vitro regeneration was attempted using immature reproductive organs, which were not commonly used before, such as young inflorescences, peduncles and petals of flowers collected in the field. The flower segments were cultured on solid Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium, supplemented with various concentrations and combinations of plant growth regulators (PGRs) and adenine. Within 8 weeks of the culture period, the highest frequency of reproductive shoot regeneration (red calyx, 8.50%) was obtained from explants of immature inflorescence cultured on the MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg L -1 benzyl amino purine (BA) and 1.0 mg L -1 1-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), added with 40 mg L -1 adenine and 3% sucrose. To attain further root growth and maturity, the clonal plantlets (with or without reproductive shoots) were excised and sub-cultured onto the MS medium fortified with 1.0 mg L -1 Gibberellic acid (GA 3 ). 87% of the regenerated plantlets were successfully acclimatized o n 2 : 1 : 1 r a t i o o f p e a t : s o i l : s a n d , under greenhouse conditions. All of them were capable of producing true-to-type flowers. The in vitro developed reproductive shoots, also further generated complete, small flowers, which were morphologically similar to the in vivo types, following an ex vitro acclimatization. This study provides an alternative approach to generate early flowering in Begonia without undergoing the full growth cycle and hence can help overcome problems associated with flower growth and development in this species. The present study revealed that floral parts (inflorescence, peduncle and petals) could also be used as a source of explants besides the commonly used tissues such as leaf, stem, shoot and root segments.

Research paper thumbnail of Essential oil composition from leaves of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. and Callistemon viminalis originated from Malaysia

Leaves of Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Callistemon viminalis on hydrodistilation, gave 1.40 % and... more Leaves of Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Callistemon viminalis on hydrodistilation, gave 1.40 % and 0.80% w/w an oil dried weight basis, respectively. GC-MS analysis of the oils resulted in the identification of 18 and 7 constituents, repectively, representing 99.31% and 98.07%, respectively, of the oil. γ-terpinene (71.36%) and o-cymene (17.63%) were the major components of E. camaldulensis. While 1,8-cineole (61.51%) and α-pinene (21.53%) were the major components of C. viminalis. From the results; E. camaldulensis and C. viminalis leaf oils from Malaysia have great potential and can be utilized as cheap sources for the commercial isolation of γ-terpinene and 1,8-cineole.

Research paper thumbnail of Synthetic Seeds Production and Regeneration of Oxalis triangularis for Mass Propagation and Conservation

—Oxalis triangularis is an attractive ornamental plant propagated by using bulbs and has no natur... more —Oxalis triangularis is an attractive ornamental plant propagated by using bulbs and has no natural viable seeds. It is an ideal decorative plant for growing in pots and other containers. The plant is not widely found in Malaysia and mostly obtained from Thailand. Hence, it is necessary to propagate this plant through tissue culture system for large scale production. In the present study, production of synthetic seeds was attempted from this species and the synthetic seeds managed to survive after 7 and 30 days after storage at 4°C. The rate of synthetic seeds conversion to complete plants after 7 days was 96.67% with 4.57 mean shoot numbers, while after 30 days of storage, the conversion rate slightly decreased to 90% with only 3.97 shoots formation per bead. The present work reports and discusses the potential of tissue culture technique as an alternative method for mass propagation and conservation of this interesting and attractive ornamental plant for future uses and exploitation.

Research paper thumbnail of Induction of Different Types of Callus and Somatic Embryogenesis in Various Explants of Sainfoin (Onobrychis sativa)

To explore the potential for in vitro rapid regeneration of Sainfoin (Onobrychis sativa), differe... more To explore the potential for in vitro rapid regeneration of Sainfoin (Onobrychis sativa), different concentrations of 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP), 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and BAP combined with Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) were evaluated for their effects on the induction of somatic embryos from leaf, stem and root explants. Different explants were cultured on MS medium supplemented with various concentrations (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5 and 3 mg/l) of each kind of hormone. Callus induction percentage, fresh weight, color and texture of the callus were assessed after 11 and 22 days of culture. The optimum medium for the proliferation of embryogenic calli from leaf and root explants was MS supplemented with 2.5 mg/L BAP and 0.5 mg/L NAA. Concentrations of 2.5 mg/L BAP and 1.5 mg/L IBA also had a remarkable effect on root and stem explants. The best concentration to produce callus from stem explants was 0.5 mg/L BAP and 1 mg/L IBA. Results of mean comparison showed that BAP and NAA were more effective on different explants than BAP and IBA. Results of the double staining method proved that somatic embryogenesis occurred in the most concentrations of BAP and NAA. Under microscopic observations, the different developmental stages of the embryos (globular, heart, torpedo and cotyledonary) were revealed together in callus cells, indicating that the most tested hormone combinations were effective for somatic embryogenesis formation in this species. Root explants formed torpedo and cotyledonary stages faster than leaf and stem explants in the most combinations. Most calli from root explants were cream colored and friable, while calli were compact and light green from leaf and stem explants. Some combinations gave direct regeneration and (3 mg/L BAP and 2 mg/L IBA) in stem explants and (0.5 mg/L BAP and 2.5 mg/L IBA) in leaf explants had the highest number of shoots with average of 21 and 27 shoots per callus. The developed protocol established the production of different callus types from leaf, stem and root explants and plant regeneration through somatic embryogenesis.

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of Different Harvest Time on Yield and Forage Quality of Three Varieties of Common Millet (Panicum miliaceum)

Scientific Research and Essays, 2012

Monitoring forage quality is one of the most important factors of essential and good management o... more Monitoring forage quality is one of the most important factors of essential and good management of a farm. The most important factor about plants and forage quality is growing stage which can help to identify the optimum time of harvest. As different varieties of plants have different harvest times and quality, in order to search the variety effect on forage yield and quality traits, three varieties of common millet (Panicum miliaceum), namely, KCM2, KCM7, and KCM9 in three phenological growth stages, including booting, milky, and seed maturity stages were studied. Experiments in factorial form were surveyed in Karaj district, Iran with three replications in the form of randomize complete blocks design in 2009. Except ash percentage, there were significant differences among three growth stages in other quality traits and forage yield (P < 0.01). Significant differences among varieties for dry and wet forage yield, dry matter digestibility (DMD), water soluble carbohydrates, and acid detergent fiber percentage were also observed. However, interaction effect of variety and phenological growth stage were not significantly different on acid detergent fiber, crude fiber (CF), and ash percentages. Almost in all varieties, the amount of crude protein (CP) and DMD decreased during developing growth stages, while the amount of CP increased. KCM2 variety had the highest forage quality based on measurement indices and it was chosen as the best variety with regard to the most desirable forage yield. Booting stage (first phenological stage) was the most desirable in quality traits among the three growth stages. However, considering the little difference between the first and second stages in dietary energy, the second stage (milky stage) was recommended as the most suitable time for harvesting, because of high yield and compatibility of farm to plant.

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of Different Herbicides on Seed Yield and Physiological Aspects in Soybean (Glycine Max L.)

The Soybean contains many medicinal virtues. It helps to maintain the intestinal health, prevent ... more The Soybean contains many medicinal virtues. It helps
to maintain the intestinal health, prevent diseases (a lower
risk of breast and prostate cancer) arising from defective
digestion and retard the ageing process. In order to study
advantages and disadvantages of herbicides on soya bean
harvesting, 13 different concentrations of pre and post
emergent herbicides were assessed in comparison with
control (without any operation). The data were collected for
increase percentage of the seed yield, 1000-grain weight,
biomass and reduction percentage of the plant height, weed
control efficiency and plant number (per m 2). There were
significant differences among treatments (p<0.01) for all
traits. Average of the plant height and number of plant
decreased in the oxyfluorfen (0.48 kg/h, pre-emergence) at
the highest percentage. Storm herbicide (1.06 kg a.i h -1,
post-emergence) had the most percentage of the seed yield
and biomass with 233.1% and 127.2%, respectively. After
hand weeding, herbicide of the oxyfluorfen (0.48 kg a.i h -1,
pre-emergence) also had effective role to decrease the
percentage of the spurge, velvetleaf and dayflower.

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluation of Yield and Morphology Traits in 72 Genotypes of Sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop) through Factor Analysis

Seventy two genotypes of sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop) were sown using lattice design und... more Seventy two genotypes of sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop) were sown using lattice design under irrigation condition in Alborz, station Karaj, Iran during 2009-10. Forage dry matter (DM) yield, leaf to stem ratio, growth condition, stem density, plant height, flowering time and resistance to sainfoin powder mildew were studied over 2 years. The analysis of variance showed significant differences for all traits (P< 0.01). The correlation coefficient between DM yield and growth condition, plant height and stem density was positive and significant. Resistance to disease had negative significant relationship with late-growing, plant height, stem density and forage yield. In addition, Ward cluster analysis was done and divided into 4 genotype groups. In coordinate axis, 1st and 2nd factors demonstrated a good agreement between cluster and factor analysis.

Research paper thumbnail of Post Harvest Management of the Pests and Some Important Diseases of the Fruits

A wide variety of fungal and bacterial pathogens cause post-harvest disease in fruits and vegetab... more A wide variety of fungal and bacterial pathogens cause post-harvest disease in fruits and vegetables. Some of these infect produce before harvest and then remain quiescent until conditions are more favourable for disease development after harvest. Other pathogens infect produce during and after harvest through surface injuries. In the development of strategies for post-harvest disease control, it is imperative to take a step back and consider the production and post-harvest handling systems in their entirety. Traditionally fungicides have played a central role in postharvest disease control. However, trends towards reduced chemical usage in horticulture are forcing the development of new strategies. This provides an exciting challenge for the 21st century. The objectives of this chapter are: i) to maintain the good quality of the produce grown so that the produce can be competitive in the various market places i.e. local or overseas; and ii) to reduce loss in quantity or volume and ...

Research paper thumbnail of Essential Oil Compositions and Cytotoxicity from Various Organs of Eucalyptus camaldulensis

International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, Jan 20, 2015

Research paper thumbnail of Plant regeneration and synthetic seeds production of Brassica oleracea var. italica

Acta Horticulturae, 2012

Agricultural industry has changed tremendously, especially since the end of World War II. Food in... more Agricultural industry has changed tremendously, especially since the end of World War II. Food industry has blossomed due to new technology, addition of preservative usage and government policies that favoured maximizing productions. Thus, sustainable vegetable production has captured the attention of many countries worldwide while at the same time preserving environmental quality and making efficient use of non-renewable resources.

Research paper thumbnail of Antimicrobial properties of Lawsonia inermis syn. Lawsonia alba in vivo and in vitro

Journal of Food Agriculture and Environment, 2013

People in rural areas use plant materials to cure various diseases, because most of the plants co... more People in rural areas use plant materials to cure various diseases, because most of the plants contain components of therapeutic value. Among the important medicinal plants included Lawsonia inermis, syn. L. alba (henna). Scientific research on henna plant has proven many beneficial properties in henna. The henna plant extract has a variety of biological activities such as anticomplementary, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antimicrobial activities. Chemical compound in henna is lawsone (C 10 H 6 O 3 ), the active ingredient and a naturally occurring naphthoquinone. Plant tissue culture is the process of plant cell growth outside an intact plant. Research in the area of plant tissue culture technology has resulted in the production of many pharmaceutical substances for new therapeutics. The aim of this paper was to investigate possible antimicrobial activities of henna and to compare the activities in in vivo (normal) henna plant and in vitro (tissue culture) henna plant. Tissue culture studies of henna were carried out by using different concentrations and combinations of hormones. Then, the antibacterial activities of ethanolic extracts of henna in vivo and in vitro, on some bacteria and fungal strains, were screened using the modified agar well diffusion method. In this work Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus cereus and Eschericia coli were used as bacterial strains and fungal strains Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma sp. and Fusarium sp. were used. Data were expressed as mean±standard deviation. Research on in vivo and in vitro plants were compared because previous studies on plant tissue cultures showed that it has potential as a supplement to traditional medicine, especially in the industrial production of bioactive compounds from plants.

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of different quality soil mixture on growth development an important medicinal plant Boesenbergia rotunda

Research paper thumbnail of SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS AND PRODUCTION OF ARTIFICIAL SEEDS IN SAINTPAULIA IONANTHA WENDL

Acta Horticulturae, 2009

Somatic embryogenesis of African violet (Saintpaulia ionantha) Wendl. from leaf explants was succ... more Somatic embryogenesis of African violet (Saintpaulia ionantha) Wendl. from leaf explants was successfully induced in this study. Leaf explants cultured on Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) supplemented with 1.4-5.0 mg/L Thidiazuron (TDZ) formed somatic embryos (32.7±1.7%) on the leaf surfaces. Leaf explants cultured on MS with 1.5 mg/L 2,4 Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D), and 2.0 mg/L Benzylaminopurine (BAP) formed embryogenic calli which later gave rise to somatic embryos (63.3±3.2%). Different stages of somatic embryos such as globular, heartshaped, torpedo, and cotyledonary were observed under light and scanning electron microscopes. Subculturing of globular stage of the embryos onto MS basal medium resulted in shoot formation. Embryogenic calli (globular stage) that were transferred onto MS supplemented with 1.8 mg/L TDZ developed further into more advanced stages and ultimately formed shoots. Complete plant regeneration was achieved from both pathways (direct and indirect somatic embryogenesis). Artificial seed was attempted by encapsulation of the somatic embryos in matrix comprise of various concentrations of sodium alginate. The synthetic seeds produced were able to germinate, regenerate, and acclimatise on various substrates.

Research paper thumbnail of ARTICLES (WAS SUBMITTED TO EVALUATION AND PUBLICATION)

Phytochemical screening of crude hexane, dichloromethane and methanol extracts of Cladophora sp a... more Phytochemical screening of crude hexane, dichloromethane and methanol extracts of Cladophora sp and Caulerpa sertulariodes were screened principal chemical substances and evaluated for their antitoxicity activity against brine shrimp lethality. Three principal chemical substances were investigated in all crude extract of Cladophora sp and Caulerpa sertulariodes. The toxicity effect was tested against Artemia salina, L. (Brine Shrimp Test). 24 hours hatched Artemia salina were used to test the toxicity level. The result of phytochemical screening known that compounds in the extract of Caulerpa sertulariodes of dichloromethane and methanol extract contained alkaloids and flavonoids, while methanol extract of Cladophora sp only contain alkaloid. Meanwhile, there is no compounds in hexane extract of both species. The LC50 value for all extract are 1.25 mg ml -1 and 1.77 mg ml -1 for methanolic and dichloromethane extract of Caulerpa sertulariodes, while 1.33 mg ml -1 for methanol extract of Cladophora sp. The results of this study showed the more toxic of the methanol extract of Caulerpa sertulariodes compared to other extracts with carried 1.25 mg ml -1 LC50 value of mortality. As the conclusion, extracts of Caulerpa sertulariodes are moderately toxic because they responsive to kill more than 50% of the larvae of A. salina. L indicate the concentration at 1250 mg ml -1 (more than 1.0mg ml -1 ), i.e. in the range of 1250 mg ml -1 to 2500 mg ml -1 . However, the mortality become high with increasing of the crude extract concentration. The extract of Cladophora sp and Caulerpa sertulariodes contained alkaloid and flavonoids compounds as a bioactive compound which is responsible for the toxic effect.

Research paper thumbnail of In Vitro Sterilization and Enhancement of Callus Induction from Leaf and Internode Explants of Phyllanthus pulcher Wall. ex Mll. Arg

The Philippine agriculturist

A successful micropropagation procedure heavily depends on keeping explants free from contaminati... more A successful micropropagation procedure heavily depends on keeping explants free from contaminations. This protocol starts with effective explant sterilization. To improve the in vitro propagation of Phyllanthus pulcher Wall. ex Mll. Arg. by using leaf and internode as explants, three various Clorox concentrations (10%, 15% and 20%), followed by different immersion times in 70% ethanol (1, 3 and 5 min), were carried out. A higher percentage of survival and a lower rate of contamination were observed in 15 min of immersion in Clorox (15% and 20%) followed by (1 and 5 min) immersion in ethanol (70%) of the leaf and internode explants, respectively. Callus induction experiments were conducted using leaf explants on Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal media supplemented with four different concentrations of 2,4-D (5, 10, 15 and 20 mg L-1). The highest callus induction (90%), callus fresh weight (109.5 ± 4.5 mg) and dry weight (36.58 ± 3.8 mg) were observed at 15 mg L-1 2,4-D.

Research paper thumbnail of IN VITRO FLOWERING OF SELECTED ORNAMENTAL PLANTS

II International Conference on Landscape and Urban Horticulture, 2010

Research paper thumbnail of ACCLIMATIZATION OF DIANTHUS CARYOPHYLLUS LINN

IV International Symposium on Acclimatization and Establishment of Micropropagated Plants, 2010

In vitro shoots without roots from different media compositions were selected and transferred int... more In vitro shoots without roots from different media compositions were selected and transferred into test tubes supplemented with MS medium without hormone for root induction. After 4 weeks, full grown plantlets were transferred to sterile soil for acclimatization process. The plantlets were maintained in the culture room at 25±1°C with 16 hours light and 8 hours dark. Plantlets were then planted in pots and covered with polystyrene plastic bags. They grew well and after 4 weeks in the culture room, well grown and healthy plantlets were transferred to the greenhouse. Survival rate of the acclimatized plantlets was 70% and from observation it showed that most of the plantlets successfully survived after transferred to the greenhouse.

Research paper thumbnail of Effects of MeJA and SA elicitation on secondary metabolic activity, antioxidant content and callogenesis in Phyllanthus pulcher

Brazilian Journal of Botany, 2015

ABSTRACT To develop in vitro callus induction of Phyllanthus pulcher and investigate secondary me... more ABSTRACT To develop in vitro callus induction of Phyllanthus pulcher and investigate secondary metabolite activities, methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and salicylic acid (SA) as two abiotic elicitors were evaluated. Growth and secondary metabolite production of callus from P. pulcher grown in Murashige and Skoog medium, supplemented with 1 mg L−1 2, 4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (2, 4-D) and SA with a lower concentration (≤5 mg L−1) showed a significant effect on callus fresh weight, while the dry weight was not affected significantly by higher concentrations. However, in secondary metabolite content, including total flavonoid and phenolic contents and antioxidant activities, significant differences among different SA concentrations were observed. The results revealed that the high concentration of MeJA (&gt;10 mM) inhibits the callus growth, and 1 mM of MeJA resulted in the highest yield for total flavonoid and phenolic contents and antioxidant activity. A very strong positive relationship (0.969) among TFC, TPC, and antioxidant activity was revealed.

Research paper thumbnail of In vitro Studies and Antimicrobial Activities of Pereskia grandifolia Haworth var. grandifolia Rosna Mat Taha* and Fatimah Abdol Latif

Research paper thumbnail of Effects of Cryopreservation and Relative Humidity on Viability and Nutritional Composition of Sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.)

Changes in seed viability due to environmental conditions are crucial factors to preserve seed ge... more Changes in seed viability due to environmental conditions are crucial factors to preserve seed germination ability in equatorial zones. Influence of relative humidity (RH) and frozen storage on the seed viability, nutritional compositions, trace metals and macro-nutrients of three Onobrychis viciifolia varieties (Golpaygan-181, Orumieh-1763 and Gorgan-1601) were investigated. Mean relative humidity of 84% hastened the loss of seed viability during 6 months, while frozen seeds at-20ºC only exerted a minimal deteriorative effect on the germination of seed and vigor index. HPLC profiles differed in peak areas of the two important alkaloids, Berberine and Sanguinarine, in ambient humidity compared with control condition. Accumulation of crude protein (CP) and dry matter digestibility (DMD) were enhanced under ambient humidity and frozen storage in seed cells. Relative humidity indicated positive effects on seed quality by crude fibre (CF) reduction. The atomic spectroscopy analysis confirmed the increment of trace metals ratio (Fe, Mn and Cu) and reduction of macro-nutrients ratio (Ca, P and N) in frozen storage after 6 months. Although vigor index and germination speed were lower in frozen storage seeds compared with control seeds, the notable results can be optimized in future studies.

Research paper thumbnail of 2013- Aus J Crop Sci

Efficient shoot bud formation (94.5  7.59%), in vitro regeneration and production of flowers wer... more Efficient shoot bud formation (94.5  7.59%), in vitro regeneration and production of flowers were obtained from sterile plants of Begonia x hiemalis Fotsch. An in vitro regeneration was attempted using immature reproductive organs, which were not commonly used before, such as young inflorescences, peduncles and petals of flowers collected in the field. The flower segments were cultured on solid Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium, supplemented with various concentrations and combinations of plant growth regulators (PGRs) and adenine. Within 8 weeks of the culture period, the highest frequency of reproductive shoot regeneration (red calyx, 8.50%) was obtained from explants of immature inflorescence cultured on the MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg L -1 benzyl amino purine (BA) and 1.0 mg L -1 1-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), added with 40 mg L -1 adenine and 3% sucrose. To attain further root growth and maturity, the clonal plantlets (with or without reproductive shoots) were excised and sub-cultured onto the MS medium fortified with 1.0 mg L -1 Gibberellic acid (GA 3 ). 87% of the regenerated plantlets were successfully acclimatized o n 2 : 1 : 1 r a t i o o f p e a t : s o i l : s a n d , under greenhouse conditions. All of them were capable of producing true-to-type flowers. The in vitro developed reproductive shoots, also further generated complete, small flowers, which were morphologically similar to the in vivo types, following an ex vitro acclimatization. This study provides an alternative approach to generate early flowering in Begonia without undergoing the full growth cycle and hence can help overcome problems associated with flower growth and development in this species. The present study revealed that floral parts (inflorescence, peduncle and petals) could also be used as a source of explants besides the commonly used tissues such as leaf, stem, shoot and root segments.

Research paper thumbnail of Essential oil composition from leaves of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. and Callistemon viminalis originated from Malaysia

Leaves of Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Callistemon viminalis on hydrodistilation, gave 1.40 % and... more Leaves of Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Callistemon viminalis on hydrodistilation, gave 1.40 % and 0.80% w/w an oil dried weight basis, respectively. GC-MS analysis of the oils resulted in the identification of 18 and 7 constituents, repectively, representing 99.31% and 98.07%, respectively, of the oil. γ-terpinene (71.36%) and o-cymene (17.63%) were the major components of E. camaldulensis. While 1,8-cineole (61.51%) and α-pinene (21.53%) were the major components of C. viminalis. From the results; E. camaldulensis and C. viminalis leaf oils from Malaysia have great potential and can be utilized as cheap sources for the commercial isolation of γ-terpinene and 1,8-cineole.

Research paper thumbnail of Synthetic Seeds Production and Regeneration of Oxalis triangularis for Mass Propagation and Conservation

—Oxalis triangularis is an attractive ornamental plant propagated by using bulbs and has no natur... more —Oxalis triangularis is an attractive ornamental plant propagated by using bulbs and has no natural viable seeds. It is an ideal decorative plant for growing in pots and other containers. The plant is not widely found in Malaysia and mostly obtained from Thailand. Hence, it is necessary to propagate this plant through tissue culture system for large scale production. In the present study, production of synthetic seeds was attempted from this species and the synthetic seeds managed to survive after 7 and 30 days after storage at 4°C. The rate of synthetic seeds conversion to complete plants after 7 days was 96.67% with 4.57 mean shoot numbers, while after 30 days of storage, the conversion rate slightly decreased to 90% with only 3.97 shoots formation per bead. The present work reports and discusses the potential of tissue culture technique as an alternative method for mass propagation and conservation of this interesting and attractive ornamental plant for future uses and exploitation.

Research paper thumbnail of Induction of Different Types of Callus and Somatic Embryogenesis in Various Explants of Sainfoin (Onobrychis sativa)

To explore the potential for in vitro rapid regeneration of Sainfoin (Onobrychis sativa), differe... more To explore the potential for in vitro rapid regeneration of Sainfoin (Onobrychis sativa), different concentrations of 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP), 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and BAP combined with Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) were evaluated for their effects on the induction of somatic embryos from leaf, stem and root explants. Different explants were cultured on MS medium supplemented with various concentrations (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5 and 3 mg/l) of each kind of hormone. Callus induction percentage, fresh weight, color and texture of the callus were assessed after 11 and 22 days of culture. The optimum medium for the proliferation of embryogenic calli from leaf and root explants was MS supplemented with 2.5 mg/L BAP and 0.5 mg/L NAA. Concentrations of 2.5 mg/L BAP and 1.5 mg/L IBA also had a remarkable effect on root and stem explants. The best concentration to produce callus from stem explants was 0.5 mg/L BAP and 1 mg/L IBA. Results of mean comparison showed that BAP and NAA were more effective on different explants than BAP and IBA. Results of the double staining method proved that somatic embryogenesis occurred in the most concentrations of BAP and NAA. Under microscopic observations, the different developmental stages of the embryos (globular, heart, torpedo and cotyledonary) were revealed together in callus cells, indicating that the most tested hormone combinations were effective for somatic embryogenesis formation in this species. Root explants formed torpedo and cotyledonary stages faster than leaf and stem explants in the most combinations. Most calli from root explants were cream colored and friable, while calli were compact and light green from leaf and stem explants. Some combinations gave direct regeneration and (3 mg/L BAP and 2 mg/L IBA) in stem explants and (0.5 mg/L BAP and 2.5 mg/L IBA) in leaf explants had the highest number of shoots with average of 21 and 27 shoots per callus. The developed protocol established the production of different callus types from leaf, stem and root explants and plant regeneration through somatic embryogenesis.

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of Different Harvest Time on Yield and Forage Quality of Three Varieties of Common Millet (Panicum miliaceum)

Scientific Research and Essays, 2012

Monitoring forage quality is one of the most important factors of essential and good management o... more Monitoring forage quality is one of the most important factors of essential and good management of a farm. The most important factor about plants and forage quality is growing stage which can help to identify the optimum time of harvest. As different varieties of plants have different harvest times and quality, in order to search the variety effect on forage yield and quality traits, three varieties of common millet (Panicum miliaceum), namely, KCM2, KCM7, and KCM9 in three phenological growth stages, including booting, milky, and seed maturity stages were studied. Experiments in factorial form were surveyed in Karaj district, Iran with three replications in the form of randomize complete blocks design in 2009. Except ash percentage, there were significant differences among three growth stages in other quality traits and forage yield (P < 0.01). Significant differences among varieties for dry and wet forage yield, dry matter digestibility (DMD), water soluble carbohydrates, and acid detergent fiber percentage were also observed. However, interaction effect of variety and phenological growth stage were not significantly different on acid detergent fiber, crude fiber (CF), and ash percentages. Almost in all varieties, the amount of crude protein (CP) and DMD decreased during developing growth stages, while the amount of CP increased. KCM2 variety had the highest forage quality based on measurement indices and it was chosen as the best variety with regard to the most desirable forage yield. Booting stage (first phenological stage) was the most desirable in quality traits among the three growth stages. However, considering the little difference between the first and second stages in dietary energy, the second stage (milky stage) was recommended as the most suitable time for harvesting, because of high yield and compatibility of farm to plant.

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of Different Herbicides on Seed Yield and Physiological Aspects in Soybean (Glycine Max L.)

The Soybean contains many medicinal virtues. It helps to maintain the intestinal health, prevent ... more The Soybean contains many medicinal virtues. It helps
to maintain the intestinal health, prevent diseases (a lower
risk of breast and prostate cancer) arising from defective
digestion and retard the ageing process. In order to study
advantages and disadvantages of herbicides on soya bean
harvesting, 13 different concentrations of pre and post
emergent herbicides were assessed in comparison with
control (without any operation). The data were collected for
increase percentage of the seed yield, 1000-grain weight,
biomass and reduction percentage of the plant height, weed
control efficiency and plant number (per m 2). There were
significant differences among treatments (p<0.01) for all
traits. Average of the plant height and number of plant
decreased in the oxyfluorfen (0.48 kg/h, pre-emergence) at
the highest percentage. Storm herbicide (1.06 kg a.i h -1,
post-emergence) had the most percentage of the seed yield
and biomass with 233.1% and 127.2%, respectively. After
hand weeding, herbicide of the oxyfluorfen (0.48 kg a.i h -1,
pre-emergence) also had effective role to decrease the
percentage of the spurge, velvetleaf and dayflower.

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluation of Yield and Morphology Traits in 72 Genotypes of Sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop) through Factor Analysis

Seventy two genotypes of sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop) were sown using lattice design und... more Seventy two genotypes of sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop) were sown using lattice design under irrigation condition in Alborz, station Karaj, Iran during 2009-10. Forage dry matter (DM) yield, leaf to stem ratio, growth condition, stem density, plant height, flowering time and resistance to sainfoin powder mildew were studied over 2 years. The analysis of variance showed significant differences for all traits (P< 0.01). The correlation coefficient between DM yield and growth condition, plant height and stem density was positive and significant. Resistance to disease had negative significant relationship with late-growing, plant height, stem density and forage yield. In addition, Ward cluster analysis was done and divided into 4 genotype groups. In coordinate axis, 1st and 2nd factors demonstrated a good agreement between cluster and factor analysis.

Research paper thumbnail of Post Harvest Management of the Pests and Some Important Diseases of the Fruits

A wide variety of fungal and bacterial pathogens cause post-harvest disease in fruits and vegetab... more A wide variety of fungal and bacterial pathogens cause post-harvest disease in fruits and vegetables. Some of these infect produce before harvest and then remain quiescent until conditions are more favourable for disease development after harvest. Other pathogens infect produce during and after harvest through surface injuries. In the development of strategies for post-harvest disease control, it is imperative to take a step back and consider the production and post-harvest handling systems in their entirety. Traditionally fungicides have played a central role in postharvest disease control. However, trends towards reduced chemical usage in horticulture are forcing the development of new strategies. This provides an exciting challenge for the 21st century. The objectives of this chapter are: i) to maintain the good quality of the produce grown so that the produce can be competitive in the various market places i.e. local or overseas; and ii) to reduce loss in quantity or volume and ...

Research paper thumbnail of Essential Oil Compositions and Cytotoxicity from Various Organs of Eucalyptus camaldulensis

International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, Jan 20, 2015

Research paper thumbnail of Plant regeneration and synthetic seeds production of Brassica oleracea var. italica

Acta Horticulturae, 2012

Agricultural industry has changed tremendously, especially since the end of World War II. Food in... more Agricultural industry has changed tremendously, especially since the end of World War II. Food industry has blossomed due to new technology, addition of preservative usage and government policies that favoured maximizing productions. Thus, sustainable vegetable production has captured the attention of many countries worldwide while at the same time preserving environmental quality and making efficient use of non-renewable resources.

Research paper thumbnail of Antimicrobial properties of Lawsonia inermis syn. Lawsonia alba in vivo and in vitro

Journal of Food Agriculture and Environment, 2013

People in rural areas use plant materials to cure various diseases, because most of the plants co... more People in rural areas use plant materials to cure various diseases, because most of the plants contain components of therapeutic value. Among the important medicinal plants included Lawsonia inermis, syn. L. alba (henna). Scientific research on henna plant has proven many beneficial properties in henna. The henna plant extract has a variety of biological activities such as anticomplementary, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antimicrobial activities. Chemical compound in henna is lawsone (C 10 H 6 O 3 ), the active ingredient and a naturally occurring naphthoquinone. Plant tissue culture is the process of plant cell growth outside an intact plant. Research in the area of plant tissue culture technology has resulted in the production of many pharmaceutical substances for new therapeutics. The aim of this paper was to investigate possible antimicrobial activities of henna and to compare the activities in in vivo (normal) henna plant and in vitro (tissue culture) henna plant. Tissue culture studies of henna were carried out by using different concentrations and combinations of hormones. Then, the antibacterial activities of ethanolic extracts of henna in vivo and in vitro, on some bacteria and fungal strains, were screened using the modified agar well diffusion method. In this work Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus cereus and Eschericia coli were used as bacterial strains and fungal strains Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma sp. and Fusarium sp. were used. Data were expressed as mean±standard deviation. Research on in vivo and in vitro plants were compared because previous studies on plant tissue cultures showed that it has potential as a supplement to traditional medicine, especially in the industrial production of bioactive compounds from plants.

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of different quality soil mixture on growth development an important medicinal plant Boesenbergia rotunda

Research paper thumbnail of SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS AND PRODUCTION OF ARTIFICIAL SEEDS IN SAINTPAULIA IONANTHA WENDL

Acta Horticulturae, 2009

Somatic embryogenesis of African violet (Saintpaulia ionantha) Wendl. from leaf explants was succ... more Somatic embryogenesis of African violet (Saintpaulia ionantha) Wendl. from leaf explants was successfully induced in this study. Leaf explants cultured on Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) supplemented with 1.4-5.0 mg/L Thidiazuron (TDZ) formed somatic embryos (32.7±1.7%) on the leaf surfaces. Leaf explants cultured on MS with 1.5 mg/L 2,4 Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D), and 2.0 mg/L Benzylaminopurine (BAP) formed embryogenic calli which later gave rise to somatic embryos (63.3±3.2%). Different stages of somatic embryos such as globular, heartshaped, torpedo, and cotyledonary were observed under light and scanning electron microscopes. Subculturing of globular stage of the embryos onto MS basal medium resulted in shoot formation. Embryogenic calli (globular stage) that were transferred onto MS supplemented with 1.8 mg/L TDZ developed further into more advanced stages and ultimately formed shoots. Complete plant regeneration was achieved from both pathways (direct and indirect somatic embryogenesis). Artificial seed was attempted by encapsulation of the somatic embryos in matrix comprise of various concentrations of sodium alginate. The synthetic seeds produced were able to germinate, regenerate, and acclimatise on various substrates.

Research paper thumbnail of ARTICLES (WAS SUBMITTED TO EVALUATION AND PUBLICATION)

Phytochemical screening of crude hexane, dichloromethane and methanol extracts of Cladophora sp a... more Phytochemical screening of crude hexane, dichloromethane and methanol extracts of Cladophora sp and Caulerpa sertulariodes were screened principal chemical substances and evaluated for their antitoxicity activity against brine shrimp lethality. Three principal chemical substances were investigated in all crude extract of Cladophora sp and Caulerpa sertulariodes. The toxicity effect was tested against Artemia salina, L. (Brine Shrimp Test). 24 hours hatched Artemia salina were used to test the toxicity level. The result of phytochemical screening known that compounds in the extract of Caulerpa sertulariodes of dichloromethane and methanol extract contained alkaloids and flavonoids, while methanol extract of Cladophora sp only contain alkaloid. Meanwhile, there is no compounds in hexane extract of both species. The LC50 value for all extract are 1.25 mg ml -1 and 1.77 mg ml -1 for methanolic and dichloromethane extract of Caulerpa sertulariodes, while 1.33 mg ml -1 for methanol extract of Cladophora sp. The results of this study showed the more toxic of the methanol extract of Caulerpa sertulariodes compared to other extracts with carried 1.25 mg ml -1 LC50 value of mortality. As the conclusion, extracts of Caulerpa sertulariodes are moderately toxic because they responsive to kill more than 50% of the larvae of A. salina. L indicate the concentration at 1250 mg ml -1 (more than 1.0mg ml -1 ), i.e. in the range of 1250 mg ml -1 to 2500 mg ml -1 . However, the mortality become high with increasing of the crude extract concentration. The extract of Cladophora sp and Caulerpa sertulariodes contained alkaloid and flavonoids compounds as a bioactive compound which is responsible for the toxic effect.

Research paper thumbnail of In Vitro Sterilization and Enhancement of Callus Induction from Leaf and Internode Explants of Phyllanthus pulcher Wall. ex Mll. Arg

The Philippine agriculturist

A successful micropropagation procedure heavily depends on keeping explants free from contaminati... more A successful micropropagation procedure heavily depends on keeping explants free from contaminations. This protocol starts with effective explant sterilization. To improve the in vitro propagation of Phyllanthus pulcher Wall. ex Mll. Arg. by using leaf and internode as explants, three various Clorox concentrations (10%, 15% and 20%), followed by different immersion times in 70% ethanol (1, 3 and 5 min), were carried out. A higher percentage of survival and a lower rate of contamination were observed in 15 min of immersion in Clorox (15% and 20%) followed by (1 and 5 min) immersion in ethanol (70%) of the leaf and internode explants, respectively. Callus induction experiments were conducted using leaf explants on Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal media supplemented with four different concentrations of 2,4-D (5, 10, 15 and 20 mg L-1). The highest callus induction (90%), callus fresh weight (109.5 ± 4.5 mg) and dry weight (36.58 ± 3.8 mg) were observed at 15 mg L-1 2,4-D.

Research paper thumbnail of IN VITRO FLOWERING OF SELECTED ORNAMENTAL PLANTS

II International Conference on Landscape and Urban Horticulture, 2010

Research paper thumbnail of ACCLIMATIZATION OF DIANTHUS CARYOPHYLLUS LINN

IV International Symposium on Acclimatization and Establishment of Micropropagated Plants, 2010

In vitro shoots without roots from different media compositions were selected and transferred int... more In vitro shoots without roots from different media compositions were selected and transferred into test tubes supplemented with MS medium without hormone for root induction. After 4 weeks, full grown plantlets were transferred to sterile soil for acclimatization process. The plantlets were maintained in the culture room at 25±1°C with 16 hours light and 8 hours dark. Plantlets were then planted in pots and covered with polystyrene plastic bags. They grew well and after 4 weeks in the culture room, well grown and healthy plantlets were transferred to the greenhouse. Survival rate of the acclimatized plantlets was 70% and from observation it showed that most of the plantlets successfully survived after transferred to the greenhouse.