Hamed Pourzolfaghar | University of Malaya, Malaysia (original) (raw)
Papers by Hamed Pourzolfaghar
Hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of various bio oil oxygenated model compounds in low H2 pressure has bee... more Hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of various bio oil oxygenated model compounds in low H2 pressure has been discussed in this study. Because of the high yield of aromatic mixtures in bio-oil, they carry great potential for fuel efficiency. Nevertheless, due to its high viscosity, abundance of acid, and heteroatom contaminants, the bio-oil ought to be upgraded and hydrotreated in order to be applied as an alternative fuel. A continuous low H2 pressure HDO of bio-oil is favored as it could be simply integrated with conventional pyrolysis systems, functioning at low pressures, as well as supporting a flexible plan for serial processing in respective bio-refineries. Additionally, such a process is cheaper and safer in comparison with the high pressure set ups. This review meticulously elaborates on the operation conditions, challenges, and opportunities for using this process in an industrial scale. The operating temperature, the H2 flow ratio, the active site, and the catalyst stability are some important factors to be considered when it is intended to reach a high conversion efficiency for the HDO in low H2 pressure.
Enzymatic hydroesterification has recently attracted research interest because of the high-value ... more Enzymatic hydroesterification has recently attracted research interest because of the high-value products created during biodiesel production. The use of this process overcomes problems related to conventional methods for biodiesel production, such as slow reaction rate and soap formation. The method comprises two basic processes to produce fatty acid alkyl esters from triacylglycerols, namely, enzymatic hydrolysis and enzymatic esterification. Although enzymatic hydroesterification for biodiesel production has many advantages, such as lower energy consumption and converting low-quality feedstock, it has not been used on an industrial scale mainly because of some impediments, including enzyme cost and conversion efficiency. This review presents a comprehensive evaluation of recent investigations on enzymatic hydrolysis and enzymatic esterification to lower process costs and increase yields.
This review surveys the sorbents that remove Hydrogen Sulfide (H 2 S) from the biogas generated a... more This review surveys the sorbents that remove Hydrogen Sulfide (H 2 S) from the biogas generated at low-temperature ranges from different sources. Biomass feedstocks contain low percentages of protein-derived sulfur that is converted primarily into H 2 S, as well as small amounts of carbonyl sulfide (COS) and organosulfur compounds during fermentation, gasification, etc. These sulfur species must be removed from the raw biogas before it is being used for the downstream fuel synthesis or the power generation because of their disadvantages, among which, acid rains, and human health problems. Several types of sorbents and ceria have been developed over the last two decades which are capable of removing H 2 S from the biogas at low-temperature ranges. This study has divided the current sorbents into three main categories on the basis of the recent investigations; (1) Activated carbons, (2) Metal based materials, and (3) Microporous and mesoporous silica. Further improvement is essential to develop sorbents appropriating them for desulfurization of the biogas owing to their low efficiency and high price, which present different challenges to eliminate hydrogen sulfide at low-temperature ranges.
Recently, interested in compound production has moved towards using natural polymers as strengthe... more Recently, interested in compound production has moved towards using natural polymers as strengthening due to the environmental advantages. The use of Bio-degradable matrices is worth considering since this will result in fully biodegradable compound.In to evaluate the most appropriate array plastic, one has to know the property of available plastics. Since information tends to be dispersed over several sources and are very rare in comparison to the traditional polymer materials, it is the goal of this article to provide an overview of the most relevant property of the range are biodegradable polymeric.A review like the one shown here can provide a helpful guide to establish the best balance between the comparing properties requirements.
Hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of various bio oil oxygenated model compounds in low H2 pressure has bee... more Hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of various bio oil oxygenated model compounds in low H2 pressure has been discussed in this study. Because of the high yield of aromatic mixtures in bio-oil, they carry great potential for fuel efficiency. Nevertheless, due to its high viscosity, abundance of acid, and heteroatom contaminants, the bio-oil ought to be upgraded and hydrotreated in order to be applied as an alternative fuel. A continuous low H2 pressure HDO of bio-oil is favored as it could be simply integrated with conventional pyrolysis systems, functioning at low pressures, as well as supporting a flexible plan for serial processing in respective bio-refineries. Additionally, such a process is cheaper and safer in comparison with the high pressure set ups. This review meticulously elaborates on the operation conditions, challenges, and opportunities for using this process in an industrial scale. The operating temperature, the H2 flow ratio, the active site, and the catalyst stability are some important factors to be considered when it is intended to reach a high conversion efficiency for the HDO in low H2 pressure.
Enzymatic hydroesterification has recently attracted research interest because of the high-value ... more Enzymatic hydroesterification has recently attracted research interest because of the high-value products created during biodiesel production. The use of this process overcomes problems related to conventional methods for biodiesel production, such as slow reaction rate and soap formation. The method comprises two basic processes to produce fatty acid alkyl esters from triacylglycerols, namely, enzymatic hydrolysis and enzymatic esterification. Although enzymatic hydroesterification for biodiesel production has many advantages, such as lower energy consumption and converting low-quality feedstock, it has not been used on an industrial scale mainly because of some impediments, including enzyme cost and conversion efficiency. This review presents a comprehensive evaluation of recent investigations on enzymatic hydrolysis and enzymatic esterification to lower process costs and increase yields.
This review surveys the sorbents that remove Hydrogen Sulfide (H 2 S) from the biogas generated a... more This review surveys the sorbents that remove Hydrogen Sulfide (H 2 S) from the biogas generated at low-temperature ranges from different sources. Biomass feedstocks contain low percentages of protein-derived sulfur that is converted primarily into H 2 S, as well as small amounts of carbonyl sulfide (COS) and organosulfur compounds during fermentation, gasification, etc. These sulfur species must be removed from the raw biogas before it is being used for the downstream fuel synthesis or the power generation because of their disadvantages, among which, acid rains, and human health problems. Several types of sorbents and ceria have been developed over the last two decades which are capable of removing H 2 S from the biogas at low-temperature ranges. This study has divided the current sorbents into three main categories on the basis of the recent investigations; (1) Activated carbons, (2) Metal based materials, and (3) Microporous and mesoporous silica. Further improvement is essential to develop sorbents appropriating them for desulfurization of the biogas owing to their low efficiency and high price, which present different challenges to eliminate hydrogen sulfide at low-temperature ranges.
Recently, interested in compound production has moved towards using natural polymers as strengthe... more Recently, interested in compound production has moved towards using natural polymers as strengthening due to the environmental advantages. The use of Bio-degradable matrices is worth considering since this will result in fully biodegradable compound.In to evaluate the most appropriate array plastic, one has to know the property of available plastics. Since information tends to be dispersed over several sources and are very rare in comparison to the traditional polymer materials, it is the goal of this article to provide an overview of the most relevant property of the range are biodegradable polymeric.A review like the one shown here can provide a helpful guide to establish the best balance between the comparing properties requirements.