Jaleel Miyan | The University of Manchester (original) (raw)

Papers by Jaleel Miyan

Experimental Hematology, 1996

British Journal of Haematology, 2000

A BSTRACT : Nerve fibers project into the bone marrow and terminate in association with stromal c... more A BSTRACT : Nerve fibers project into the bone marrow and terminate in association with stromal cells. Nerve terminals are also associated with antigenprocessing and-presenting cells throughout the body and have been shown to be important in leukocyte trafficking and wound healing as well as hemopoiesis. Here we show that neuropeptide input to the bone marrow is vital to normal granulopoiesis and that deletion of the neuropeptides, substance P, and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), with the neurotoxin, capsaicin, abrogates normal blood cell production. Norepinephrine, neurokinins a and 2, and vasoactive intestinal peptide all have inhibitory effects on in vitro CFU-GM colony formation. Substance P, neurokinin 1, nerve growth factor, and CGRP have stimulatory effects on CFU-GM. Furthermore, in vitro experiments show that, apart from CGRP, all the neuroactive substances we tested operate through effects on accessory cells, stimulating the release of regulatory molecules that have a direct effect on purified CFU-GM.

Cell Proliferation, Jan 11, 2023

The beneficial effects of hair follicle stem cells in different animal models of nervous system c... more The beneficial effects of hair follicle stem cells in different animal models of nervous system conditions have been extensively studied. While chick embryo extract (CEE) has been used as a growth medium supplement for these stem cells, this is the first study to show the effect of CEE on them. The rat hair follicle stem cells were isolated and supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum plus 10% CEE. The migration rate, proliferative capacity and multipotency were evaluated along with morphometric alteration and differentiation direction. The proteome analysis of CEE content identified effective factors of CEE that probably regulate fate and function of stem cells. The CEE enhances the migration rate of stem cells from explanted bulges as well as their proliferation, likely due to activation of AP‐1 and translationally controlled tumour protein (TCTP) by thioredoxin found in CEE. The increased length of outgrowth may be the result of cyclic AMP response element binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation triggered by active CamKII contained in CEE. Further, CEE supplementation upregulates the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), brain‐derived neurotrophic factor and glial cell line‐derived neurotrophic factor. The elevated expression of target genes and proteins may be due to CREB, AP‐1 and c‐Myc activation in these stem cells. Given the increased transcript levels of neurotrophins, VEGF, and the expression of PDGFR‐α, S100B, MBP and SOX‐10 protein, it is possible that CEE promotes the fate of these stem cells towards Schwann cells.

Oxford University Press eBooks, Apr 27, 1995

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, Sep 29, 1993

The Journal of Experimental Biology, Nov 1, 1983

Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jan 6, 2022

In December 2019, a novel coronavirus crossed species barriers to infect humans and was effective... more In December 2019, a novel coronavirus crossed species barriers to infect humans and was effectively transmitted from person to person, leading to a worldwide pandemic. Development of effective clinical interventions, 1.1 ,. • • �-Review in Advance first posted on February 19, 2021. (Changes may still occur before final publication.

British Journal of Neurosurgery, 2001

1Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, Rhode Isl... more 1Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, Rhode Island, USA, 2Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada, 3Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA, 4Department of Biomolecular Sciences, UMIST, Manchester, UK, 5Wade’s Center for Hydrocephalus, Health Research Institute, Orlando, Florida, USA, 6Department of Pediatrics, Ohio State University, Columbus Ohio, USA & 7Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA

Applied Surface Science, Jun 1, 2004

Imaging ToF-SIMS and synchrotron-based Fourier transform infrared (SR-FT-IR) microspectroscopy ha... more Imaging ToF-SIMS and synchrotron-based Fourier transform infrared (SR-FT-IR) microspectroscopy have been used to obtain chemical information from individual cells derived from human prostate cancer (CaP). ToF-SIMS imaging of molecular signals characteristic of membrane bound phospholipids are used to elucidate different fracture planes within individual freezefractured CaP cells. The localisation of Cu within the cytoplasm of cancer cells is consistent with increased metastatic potential. Line scans across CaP cells using SR-FT-IR microspectroscopy provide complimentary information on the localisation (AE1 mm) of lipid and protein domains. This combined analytical approach offers a novel means of characterising individual CaP cells and investigating the biochemical basis of disease progression and metastases.

PMC, Oct 1, 2015

This study tested the hypothesis that peripheral immune challenges will produce predictable activ... more This study tested the hypothesis that peripheral immune challenges will produce predictable activation patterns in the rat brain consistent with sympathetic excitation. As part of examining this hypothesis, this study asked whether central activation is dependent on capsaicin-sensitive C-fibres. We induced skin contact sensitivity immune responses with 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB), in the presence or absence of the acute C-fibre toxin capsaicin (8-methyl-N-vanillyl-6-nonenamide) to trigger immune responses with and without diminished activity of C-fibres. Innovative blood-oxygen-level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging data revealed that the skin contact sensitivity immune responses induced with DNCB were associated with localized increases in brain neuronal activity in treated rats. This response was diminished by pre-treatment with capsaicin 1 week before scans. In the same animals, we found expression of the immediate early gene c-Fos in sub-regions of the amygdala and hypothalamic sympathetic brain nuclei. Significant increases in c-Fos expression were found in the supraoptic nucleus, central amygdala and medial habenula following immune challenges. Our results support the idea that selective brain regions, some of which are associated with sympathetic function, process or modulate immune function through pathways that are partially dependent on C-fibres. Together with previous studies demonstrating the motor control pathways from brain to immune targets, these findings indicate a central neuroimmune system to monitor host status and coordinate appropriate host responses.

The Journal of Experimental Biology, Nov 1, 1985

Little is known about mechanoreceptors in cephalopods. The anatomical data are fragmentary; Grazi... more Little is known about mechanoreceptors in cephalopods. The anatomical data are fragmentary; Graziadei (1964) described multipolar nerve cells in the arms of Octopus and the lips of Sepia and similar structures have been described in the mantle of Octopus (Sereni & Young, 1932) and Eledone (Alexandrowicz, 1960). While there is good physiological evidence for the existence of mechanoreceptors in the mantle of Octopus (Gray, I960; Wilson, 1960; Boyle, 1976), mechanoreception in the mantle and fins of decapods has not been investigated. Here we present physiological evidence that there are receptors along the entire length of the cuttlefish fin that respond to mechanical stimuli. We also identify unusual structures in the fin whose distribution is consistent with their being these receptors. The nerves to the fins of Sepia ojficinalis pass through a foramen in the mantle on each side and radiate out beneath the skin in a series of approximately fifteen bundles (Tompsett, 1939). The mantle foramen was exposed by cutting away the overlying skin under MgCb anaesthesia (Messenger, Nixon & Ryan, 1985). Animals were held in a Perspex holder that clamped onto the mantle over the cuttlebone allowing free movement of the fins as well as normal respiratory movements. A suction electrode was attached to an intact fin nerve and its spontaneous activity was monitored using an Isleworth A103, or a Tektronix 122 preamplifier. Regular, patterned bursts of potentials were recorded in each of the fifteen identifiable nerve bundles and were visually correlated to the beating of the fin itself (Fig. 1 A). The nerve was then cut and each severed end attached to a suction electrode. The proximal end showed activity similar to that of the intact nerve while the distal end was silent. Stimulation of the animal induced more vigorous beating and increased the efferent activity recorded from the proximal cut end. During this fin beating we also recorded activity in the distal portion of the nerve at the bottom of the downstroke of that region of the fin innervated by the nerve (Fig. IB). Decapitated preparations (N = 8) were used to study this afferent activity in more detail. The mantle was secured with pins onto a Sylgard dish and the fin was spread flat and secured with pins on a raised platform of Sylgard. A suction electrode was

Molecular Medicine, Oct 1, 2000

Research in Veterinary Science, Feb 1, 2023

Reviews in The Neurosciences, Feb 7, 2022

Intranasal delivery of stem cells and conditioned medium to target the brain has attracted major ... more Intranasal delivery of stem cells and conditioned medium to target the brain has attracted major interest in the field of regenerative medicine. In pre-clinical investigations during the last ten years, several research groups focused on this strategy to treat cerebral hypoxia/ ischemia in neonates as well as adults. In this review, we discuss the curative potential of stem cells, stem cell derivatives, and their delivery route via intranasal application to the hypoxic/ischemic brain. After intranasal application, stem cells migrate from the nasal cavity to the injured area and exert therapeutic effects by reducing brain tissue loss, enhancing endogenous neurogenesis, and modulating cerebral inflammation that leads to functional improvements. However, application of this administration route for delivering stem cells and/or therapeutic substances to the damaged sites requires further optimization to translate the findings of animal experiments to clinical trials.

Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology, Jun 1, 2020

European Urology Supplements, Mar 1, 2005

The last two decades have witnessed a surge in investigations proposing stem cells as a promising... more The last two decades have witnessed a surge in investigations proposing stem cells as a promising strategy to treat stroke. Since growth factor release is considered as one of the most important aspects of cell-based therapy, stem cells over-expressing growth factors are hypothesized to yield higher levels of therapeutic efficiency. In pre-clinical studies of the last 15 years that were investigating the efficiency of stem cell therapy for stroke, a variety of stem cell types were genetically modified to over-express various factors. In this review we summarize the current knowledge on the therapeutic efficiency of stem cell-derived growth factors, encompassing techniques employed and time points to evaluate. In addition, we discuss several types of stem cells, including the recently developed model of epidermal neural crest stem cells, and genetically modified stem cells over-expressing specific factors, which could elevate the restorative potential of naive stem cells. The restorative potential is based on enhanced survival/differentiation potential of transplanted cells, apoptosis inhibition, infarct volume reduction, neovascularization or functional improvement. Since the majority of studies have focused on the short-term curative effects of genetically engineered stem cells, we emphasize the need to address their long-term impact.

European Journal of Pediatric Surgery, Dec 1, 2002

The motor corticospinal system can be identified from day E14 in Wistar and HTx fetuses. There ar... more The motor corticospinal system can be identified from day E14 in Wistar and HTx fetuses. There are no significant anatomical differences between the two species of rats. In addition, in day E17 Wistar and HTx fetuses cell counts in the cortical mantle (cortical plate, intermediate zone and germinal matrix) are similar. However, in day E20 fetuses there are significant differences in the number of cells in the cortical mantle of the hydrocephalic HTx fetuses compared to that in the Wistar and normal HTx fetuses, their total number of cells being reduced compared to that of the normal HTx and Wistars. Breakdown of the numbers of cells in the different layers shows that in the hydrocephalics there is a significant reduction in the number of cells in the germinal matrix and intermediate zone but, although the number of cells is also reduced in the cortical plate, the reduction is not significant. Measurements of the anterior/posterior width of the pyramid show that its growth is almost complete by day E17 and that on day E20 the measurements are similar in Wistar and normal and hydrocephalic HTx fetuses. These findings suggest that it is only cells generated after day E17 that are missing from the cortex of day E20 hydrocephalic rats. It is known that the motor corticospinal tract axons arise from pyramidal cells in layers 6, 5 and 4 of the cortical plate. These layers are generated earlier than layers 3 and 2 and are almost certainly in place by day E17 and account for why motor corticospinal tract function is spared in younger animals with established hydrocephalus.

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterised by impaired sociali... more Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterised by impaired socialisation and restricted and repetitive patterns of behaviour. Zinc deficiency has previously been reported in patients with ASD. A retrospective controlled trial of serum zinc levels in patients with ASD vs. non-ASD controls was undertaken to explore the potential presence of zinc deficiency in the ASD population. 72 patients with ASD were compared with 234 non-ASD controls. Serum zinc levels were compared between groups and correlations analysed for age, sex, supplement use and diet. Serum chromium and manganese levels were also compared between ASD and control groups to assess general micronutrient status. Further analysis was undertaken in the ASD group investigating potential correlations between serum zinc levels and immune function. 86% of patients with ASD were found to be zinc deficient versus 24% of the non-ASD control group. There was a mean difference of serum zinc levels between the ASD and non-ASD groups of 1•75 µmol/l (P<0•001, CI 1•2-2•1). There was no effect of age or sex on serum zinc levels in either the ASD or control groups. There was no significant difference in chromium or manganese levels between the ASD and control group. These results suggest zinc deficiency is likely to be common in ASD patients and is a potentially modifiable environmental factor associated with the condition. Zinc's potential role in the aetio-pathogenesis and disease evolution is discussed, and the need to consider zinc status in patients with ASD is highlighted.