Richard Pattrick | The University of Manchester (original) (raw)

Papers by Richard Pattrick

Exploration and Mining …, Jan 1, 1997

Mn-oxide ore deposits of commercial grade occur in the Rhodope massif near Kato Nevrokopi in the ... more Mn-oxide ore deposits of commercial grade occur in the Rhodope massif near Kato Nevrokopi in the Drama region, Northern Greece. The Mn-oxide mineralization has developed by weathering of continental hypogene rhodochrosite-sulphide veins. The vein mineralization is confined by tectonic shear zones between marble and metapelites, extending laterally into the marble as tabular, pod or lenticular oreshoots (up to 50 m x 20 m x 5-10 m). Supergene oxidation of the hypogene mineralization led to the formation of in-situ residual Mn-oxide ore deposits, and secondary infills of Mn-oxide ore in embryonic and well developed karst cavities. Three zones are recognized in the in-situ supergene veins: (A) a stable zone of oxidation, where immobile elements form (or substitute in) stable oxide mineral phases, and mobile elements are leached; (B) a transitional (active) zone in which element behavior is strongly influenced by seasonal fluctuations of the groundwater table and variations in pH-Eh conditions; and (C) a zone of permanent flooding, where variations in pH-Eh conditions are minimal. Zone (B) is considered as the source zone for the karst cavity mineralization. During weathering, meteoric waters, which were CO2-rich (PCO2 ~10-3.8 to 10-1.4) and oxygenated (fO2 ~10-17 for malachite), percolated downward within the veins, causing breakdown and dissolution of sulfides and marble, and oxidation of rhodochrosite to Mn-oxides. Dissolved Mn2+ was transported into karst cavities in reduced meteoric waters at the beginning of weathering (pH~4-5), and as Mn(HCO3)2 in slightly alkaline groundwaters during advanced weathering (pH~6-8). Mn4+-oxide precipitation took place by fO2 increase in ground waters, or pH increase by continuous hydrolysis and carbonate dissolution. In the well developed karst setting, some mobility of elements occurred during and after karst ore formation in the order Na>K>Mg>Sr>Mn>As>Zn>Ba>Al>Fe>Cu>Cd>Pb.

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Institution of Mining and Metallurgy …, Jan 1, 1988

Samples of muscovite from hydrothermal alteration collected from different mineralized sites were... more Samples of muscovite from hydrothermal alteration collected from different mineralized sites were separated and used for K/Ar and two samples from Pyrgi were subjected to 40Ar/39Ar analysis. In addition, a sample of biotite from the granodioritic intrusion near Granitis mine was dated by the K/Ar method. The 3 K/Ar ages derived from the hydrothermal alteration were 32 (30-34), 35 (34-36) and 37 (36-38) m.y., yielding an Oligocene age for the primary hydrothermal mineralization. The 40Ar/39Ar data from Pyrgi are more conclusive. Stepwise heating of the two samples from Pyrgi between 630 and 950 oC (91% of the 39Ar released in 6 steps) and 715 to 1000 oC (84% of the 39Ar released in 5 steps) respectively provided ages of 31.3-32.9 m.y. and 31.8-33.0 m.y. (average, 32.8 m.y.). The integrated ages of these samples 33.31 and 33.28 m.y. respectively, are in good agreement with the K/Ar age of 32 (30-34) m.y. from Pyrgi.
From these data it can be concluded that the hydrothermal mineralization of Pyrgi (and probaby the whole Kato Nevrokopi region) took place at 32.5-33.0 m.y. This age is similar to the magmatism in and around the Drama area which is of Oligocene age. Thus, the Mn-bearing hydrothermal mineralization at Kato Nevrokopi is confirmed as being part of the mid-Tertiary hydrothermal event in northern Greece that was associated with subduction-related magmatism.

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Environmental science & technology, Jan 17, 2014

A Serratia sp. bacterium manufactures amorphous calcium phosphate nanominerals (BHAP); this mater... more A Serratia sp. bacterium manufactures amorphous calcium phosphate nanominerals (BHAP); this material has shown increased sorption capacity for divalent radionuclide capture. When heat-treated (≥450 °C) the cell biomass is removed and the biominerals are transformed to hydroxyapatite (HAP). Using a multimethod approach, we have elucidated both the site preferences and stability of analogue radionuclide incorporation for Sr, Co, Eu, and U. Strontium incorporates within the bulk amorphous inorganic phase of BHAP; however, once temperature modified to crystalline HAP, bonding was consistent with Sr substitution at the Ca(1) and/or Ca(2) sites. Cobalt incorporation occurs within the bulk inorganic amorphous phase of BHAP and within the amorphous grain boundaries of HAP. Europium (an analogue for trivalent actinides) substituted at the Ca(2) and/or the Ca(3) position of tricalcium phosphate, a known component of HAP grain boundaries. Uranium was surface complexed with no secondary mineral...

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ABSTRACT Samples of muscovite from hydrothermal alteration collected from different mineralized s... more ABSTRACT Samples of muscovite from hydrothermal alteration collected from different mineralized sites were separated and used for K/Ar and two samples from Pyrgi were subjected to 40Ar/39Ar analysis. In addition, a sample of biotite from the granodioritic intrusion near Granitis mine was dated by the K/Ar method. The 3 K/Ar ages derived from the hydrothermal alteration were 32 (30-34), 35 (34-36) and 37 (36-38) m.y., yielding an Oligocene age for the primary hydrothermal mineralization. The 40Ar/39Ar data from Pyrgi are more conclusive. Stepwise heating of the two samples from Pyrgi between 630 and 950 oC (91% of the 39Ar released in 6 steps) and 715 to 1000 oC (84% of the 39Ar released in 5 steps) respectively provided ages of 31.3-32.9 m.y. and 31.8-33.0 m.y. (average, 32.8 m.y.). The integrated ages of these samples 33.31 and 33.28 m.y. respectively, are in good agreement with the K/Ar age of 32 (30-34) m.y. from Pyrgi. From these data it can be concluded that the hydrothermal mineralization of Pyrgi (and probaby the whole Kato Nevrokopi region) took place at 32.5-33.0 m.y. This age is similar to the magmatism in and around the Drama area which is of Oligocene age. Thus, the Mn-bearing hydrothermal mineralization at Kato Nevrokopi is confirmed as being part of the mid-Tertiary hydrothermal event in northern Greece that was associated with subduction-related magmatism.

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Mineral and ore formation processes which involve mercury or gold often depend on aqueous speciat... more Mineral and ore formation processes which involve mercury or gold often depend on aqueous speciation of these metals, and bioavailability of mercury is also affected by aqueous complexes. The nature of coordination by sulfur of these metals in aqueous solution is important for understanding the geochemical behaviour of these metals. The principal difficulty in using spectroscopy to study these heavy

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ABSTRACT Ferromanganese nodules have been recognized widely as potentially important resources fo... more ABSTRACT Ferromanganese nodules have been recognized widely as potentially important resources for strategic metals. However it remains unclear if the formation of these nodules is purely an abiotic process or if microorganisms are involved in their formation. To determine the microbial contributions, detailed organic geochemical analyses were performed on ferromanganese nodules collected from across the southwest Indian Ocean. These analyses reveal the presence of specific terrestrial, marine and petroleum derived biomarkers, consistent with formation in a marine setting with a substantial influx of terrestrially derived (higher plant detritus) and naturally occurring petroleum-related organic matter. In contrast, only trace amounts of general bacterial biomarkers, commonly present in these types of depositional environments, were present. This indicates that the formation of these ferromanganese nodules is predominantly an abiotic process although a minor contribution from microbial mediated processes to the growth of these nodules cannot be completely ruled out.

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Physical Review B, 1999

... Rev. B 34, 6529 1986 . 4 F. Sette, CT Chen, Y. Ma, S. Modesti, and NV Smith, in X-Ray and Inn... more ... Rev. B 34, 6529 1986 . 4 F. Sette, CT Chen, Y. Ma, S. Modesti, and NV Smith, in X-Ray and Inner-Shell Processes, edited by TA Carlson, MO Krause, and ST Manson, AIP Conf. Proc. ... 6 P. Kuiper, BG Searle, LC Duda, RM Wolf, and PJ van der Zaag, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. ...

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Applied Geochemistry, 2015

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Nanoscience, 2012

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Microbiology Monographs, 2006

Magnetic minerals produced by non-magnetotactic microbes include magnetite (Fe 3 O 4), greigite (... more Magnetic minerals produced by non-magnetotactic microbes include magnetite (Fe 3 O 4), greigite (Fe3S4) and pyrrhotite (Fe7S8). These are produced by a diverse range of Fe(III)-reducing, Fe(II)-oxidising and sulfate-reducing prokaryotes. The mechanisms of formation of magnetic minerals by bacteria are still under investigation, and have been studied most intensively in Fe(III)- and sulfate-reducing bacteria. In the subsurface, the formation of magnetic

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Physical Review B, 2002

ABSTRACT X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) of the ternary compound Cu5FeS4 within a narrow nons... more ABSTRACT X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) of the ternary compound Cu5FeS4 within a narrow nonstoichiometric range of 2 at. % reveals large changes in the relative peak intensities of the Cu L2,3 near-edge structure. There is a large peak at threshold that can be ascribed to holes in the sulfur ligand band. With increasing amount of excess electrons, as determined by electronprobe microanalysis, the intensity of this ligand-hole peak in the XAS decreases rapidly and starts to merge with the spectral structure due to the filled d band. This proceeds with a simultaneous increase of the peak corresponding to the d-hole state at ∼4 eV above the threshold peak. This clearly demonstrates the strong sensitivity of the Cu L2,3 edge for small changes in the electronic structure. The experimental results are explained using a simple cluster model.

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American Mineralogist, 2014

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Mineral Deposit Research: Meeting the Global Challenge, 2005

... neutron production of 131Xe*. HV Thomas · RAD Pattrick · JD Gilmour Page 3. 1429 6 Irradiated... more ... neutron production of 131Xe*. HV Thomas · RAD Pattrick · JD Gilmour Page 3. 1429 6 Irradiated samples Data from two irradiations are reported here and illustrate the use of Good Hope tellurium as a monitor. In Ascot 2, three ...

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Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences, 1991

... At the western end (Creag Bhocan), the mineralisation is hosted by feldspathic quartzites, ch... more ... At the western end (Creag Bhocan), the mineralisation is hosted by feldspathic quartzites, chlorite-mica-schists and occasionally amphibol-ite; it comprises pyrite, lesser chalcopyrite and minor sphalerite, galena, pyrrhotite and magnetite (Scott et al. 1988). ...

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The Journal of Physical Chemistry A, 2003

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Exploration and Mining …, Jan 1, 1997

Mn-oxide ore deposits of commercial grade occur in the Rhodope massif near Kato Nevrokopi in the ... more Mn-oxide ore deposits of commercial grade occur in the Rhodope massif near Kato Nevrokopi in the Drama region, Northern Greece. The Mn-oxide mineralization has developed by weathering of continental hypogene rhodochrosite-sulphide veins. The vein mineralization is confined by tectonic shear zones between marble and metapelites, extending laterally into the marble as tabular, pod or lenticular oreshoots (up to 50 m x 20 m x 5-10 m). Supergene oxidation of the hypogene mineralization led to the formation of in-situ residual Mn-oxide ore deposits, and secondary infills of Mn-oxide ore in embryonic and well developed karst cavities. Three zones are recognized in the in-situ supergene veins: (A) a stable zone of oxidation, where immobile elements form (or substitute in) stable oxide mineral phases, and mobile elements are leached; (B) a transitional (active) zone in which element behavior is strongly influenced by seasonal fluctuations of the groundwater table and variations in pH-Eh conditions; and (C) a zone of permanent flooding, where variations in pH-Eh conditions are minimal. Zone (B) is considered as the source zone for the karst cavity mineralization. During weathering, meteoric waters, which were CO2-rich (PCO2 ~10-3.8 to 10-1.4) and oxygenated (fO2 ~10-17 for malachite), percolated downward within the veins, causing breakdown and dissolution of sulfides and marble, and oxidation of rhodochrosite to Mn-oxides. Dissolved Mn2+ was transported into karst cavities in reduced meteoric waters at the beginning of weathering (pH~4-5), and as Mn(HCO3)2 in slightly alkaline groundwaters during advanced weathering (pH~6-8). Mn4+-oxide precipitation took place by fO2 increase in ground waters, or pH increase by continuous hydrolysis and carbonate dissolution. In the well developed karst setting, some mobility of elements occurred during and after karst ore formation in the order Na>K>Mg>Sr>Mn>As>Zn>Ba>Al>Fe>Cu>Cd>Pb.

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Institution of Mining and Metallurgy …, Jan 1, 1988

Samples of muscovite from hydrothermal alteration collected from different mineralized sites were... more Samples of muscovite from hydrothermal alteration collected from different mineralized sites were separated and used for K/Ar and two samples from Pyrgi were subjected to 40Ar/39Ar analysis. In addition, a sample of biotite from the granodioritic intrusion near Granitis mine was dated by the K/Ar method. The 3 K/Ar ages derived from the hydrothermal alteration were 32 (30-34), 35 (34-36) and 37 (36-38) m.y., yielding an Oligocene age for the primary hydrothermal mineralization. The 40Ar/39Ar data from Pyrgi are more conclusive. Stepwise heating of the two samples from Pyrgi between 630 and 950 oC (91% of the 39Ar released in 6 steps) and 715 to 1000 oC (84% of the 39Ar released in 5 steps) respectively provided ages of 31.3-32.9 m.y. and 31.8-33.0 m.y. (average, 32.8 m.y.). The integrated ages of these samples 33.31 and 33.28 m.y. respectively, are in good agreement with the K/Ar age of 32 (30-34) m.y. from Pyrgi.
From these data it can be concluded that the hydrothermal mineralization of Pyrgi (and probaby the whole Kato Nevrokopi region) took place at 32.5-33.0 m.y. This age is similar to the magmatism in and around the Drama area which is of Oligocene age. Thus, the Mn-bearing hydrothermal mineralization at Kato Nevrokopi is confirmed as being part of the mid-Tertiary hydrothermal event in northern Greece that was associated with subduction-related magmatism.

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Environmental science & technology, Jan 17, 2014

A Serratia sp. bacterium manufactures amorphous calcium phosphate nanominerals (BHAP); this mater... more A Serratia sp. bacterium manufactures amorphous calcium phosphate nanominerals (BHAP); this material has shown increased sorption capacity for divalent radionuclide capture. When heat-treated (≥450 °C) the cell biomass is removed and the biominerals are transformed to hydroxyapatite (HAP). Using a multimethod approach, we have elucidated both the site preferences and stability of analogue radionuclide incorporation for Sr, Co, Eu, and U. Strontium incorporates within the bulk amorphous inorganic phase of BHAP; however, once temperature modified to crystalline HAP, bonding was consistent with Sr substitution at the Ca(1) and/or Ca(2) sites. Cobalt incorporation occurs within the bulk inorganic amorphous phase of BHAP and within the amorphous grain boundaries of HAP. Europium (an analogue for trivalent actinides) substituted at the Ca(2) and/or the Ca(3) position of tricalcium phosphate, a known component of HAP grain boundaries. Uranium was surface complexed with no secondary mineral...

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ABSTRACT Samples of muscovite from hydrothermal alteration collected from different mineralized s... more ABSTRACT Samples of muscovite from hydrothermal alteration collected from different mineralized sites were separated and used for K/Ar and two samples from Pyrgi were subjected to 40Ar/39Ar analysis. In addition, a sample of biotite from the granodioritic intrusion near Granitis mine was dated by the K/Ar method. The 3 K/Ar ages derived from the hydrothermal alteration were 32 (30-34), 35 (34-36) and 37 (36-38) m.y., yielding an Oligocene age for the primary hydrothermal mineralization. The 40Ar/39Ar data from Pyrgi are more conclusive. Stepwise heating of the two samples from Pyrgi between 630 and 950 oC (91% of the 39Ar released in 6 steps) and 715 to 1000 oC (84% of the 39Ar released in 5 steps) respectively provided ages of 31.3-32.9 m.y. and 31.8-33.0 m.y. (average, 32.8 m.y.). The integrated ages of these samples 33.31 and 33.28 m.y. respectively, are in good agreement with the K/Ar age of 32 (30-34) m.y. from Pyrgi. From these data it can be concluded that the hydrothermal mineralization of Pyrgi (and probaby the whole Kato Nevrokopi region) took place at 32.5-33.0 m.y. This age is similar to the magmatism in and around the Drama area which is of Oligocene age. Thus, the Mn-bearing hydrothermal mineralization at Kato Nevrokopi is confirmed as being part of the mid-Tertiary hydrothermal event in northern Greece that was associated with subduction-related magmatism.

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Mineral and ore formation processes which involve mercury or gold often depend on aqueous speciat... more Mineral and ore formation processes which involve mercury or gold often depend on aqueous speciation of these metals, and bioavailability of mercury is also affected by aqueous complexes. The nature of coordination by sulfur of these metals in aqueous solution is important for understanding the geochemical behaviour of these metals. The principal difficulty in using spectroscopy to study these heavy

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Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

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ABSTRACT Ferromanganese nodules have been recognized widely as potentially important resources fo... more ABSTRACT Ferromanganese nodules have been recognized widely as potentially important resources for strategic metals. However it remains unclear if the formation of these nodules is purely an abiotic process or if microorganisms are involved in their formation. To determine the microbial contributions, detailed organic geochemical analyses were performed on ferromanganese nodules collected from across the southwest Indian Ocean. These analyses reveal the presence of specific terrestrial, marine and petroleum derived biomarkers, consistent with formation in a marine setting with a substantial influx of terrestrially derived (higher plant detritus) and naturally occurring petroleum-related organic matter. In contrast, only trace amounts of general bacterial biomarkers, commonly present in these types of depositional environments, were present. This indicates that the formation of these ferromanganese nodules is predominantly an abiotic process although a minor contribution from microbial mediated processes to the growth of these nodules cannot be completely ruled out.

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Physical Review B, 1999

... Rev. B 34, 6529 1986 . 4 F. Sette, CT Chen, Y. Ma, S. Modesti, and NV Smith, in X-Ray and Inn... more ... Rev. B 34, 6529 1986 . 4 F. Sette, CT Chen, Y. Ma, S. Modesti, and NV Smith, in X-Ray and Inner-Shell Processes, edited by TA Carlson, MO Krause, and ST Manson, AIP Conf. Proc. ... 6 P. Kuiper, BG Searle, LC Duda, RM Wolf, and PJ van der Zaag, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. ...

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Applied Geochemistry, 2015

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Nanoscience, 2012

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Microbiology Monographs, 2006

Magnetic minerals produced by non-magnetotactic microbes include magnetite (Fe 3 O 4), greigite (... more Magnetic minerals produced by non-magnetotactic microbes include magnetite (Fe 3 O 4), greigite (Fe3S4) and pyrrhotite (Fe7S8). These are produced by a diverse range of Fe(III)-reducing, Fe(II)-oxidising and sulfate-reducing prokaryotes. The mechanisms of formation of magnetic minerals by bacteria are still under investigation, and have been studied most intensively in Fe(III)- and sulfate-reducing bacteria. In the subsurface, the formation of magnetic

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Physical Review B, 2002

ABSTRACT X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) of the ternary compound Cu5FeS4 within a narrow nons... more ABSTRACT X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) of the ternary compound Cu5FeS4 within a narrow nonstoichiometric range of 2 at. % reveals large changes in the relative peak intensities of the Cu L2,3 near-edge structure. There is a large peak at threshold that can be ascribed to holes in the sulfur ligand band. With increasing amount of excess electrons, as determined by electronprobe microanalysis, the intensity of this ligand-hole peak in the XAS decreases rapidly and starts to merge with the spectral structure due to the filled d band. This proceeds with a simultaneous increase of the peak corresponding to the d-hole state at ∼4 eV above the threshold peak. This clearly demonstrates the strong sensitivity of the Cu L2,3 edge for small changes in the electronic structure. The experimental results are explained using a simple cluster model.

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American Mineralogist, 2014

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Mineral Deposit Research: Meeting the Global Challenge, 2005

... neutron production of 131Xe*. HV Thomas · RAD Pattrick · JD Gilmour Page 3. 1429 6 Irradiated... more ... neutron production of 131Xe*. HV Thomas · RAD Pattrick · JD Gilmour Page 3. 1429 6 Irradiated samples Data from two irradiations are reported here and illustrate the use of Good Hope tellurium as a monitor. In Ascot 2, three ...

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Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences, 1991

... At the western end (Creag Bhocan), the mineralisation is hosted by feldspathic quartzites, ch... more ... At the western end (Creag Bhocan), the mineralisation is hosted by feldspathic quartzites, chlorite-mica-schists and occasionally amphibol-ite; it comprises pyrite, lesser chalcopyrite and minor sphalerite, galena, pyrrhotite and magnetite (Scott et al. 1988). ...

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The Journal of Physical Chemistry A, 2003

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