J. Kenneth Grace | University of Hawaii at Manoa (original) (raw)
Papers by J. Kenneth Grace
Biology and Management of the Formosan Subterranean Termite and Related Species, 2023
Alternative and experimental approaches to subterranean termite management can be broadly charact... more Alternative and experimental approaches to subterranean termite management can be broadly characterized as the use of natural products, physical barriers, and biological control. Methods currently available for Coptotermes Wasmann prevention are the use of naturally durable woods in building construction in lieu of preservative-treated wood and installation of physical barriers to prevent termite penetration rather than soil insecticide treatments. A particle barrier of crushed and screened basalt was the first physical barrier developed for Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki management. Particle barriers, stainless steel mesh, and insecticide treated plastic membranes are now available as management options in several regions; and insecticide-free plastic membranes acting purely as physical barriers are now of interest. Worldwide, a great deal of research effort has been devoted to identification of plant allelochemicals that deter termites, and evaluation of suspected entomopathogens as possible biological control agents; with, however, little to no commercial application to date. Greater emphasis on understanding biological mechanisms, particularly with relevance to termite field biology and ecology, and on overcoming commercial production issues are necessary for these areas of research to potentially produce useful alternative methods of termite management.
diversity and colony breeding structure in native and introduced ranges of the Formosan subterran... more diversity and colony breeding structure in native and introduced ranges of the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus
Sociobiology, 1999
Observation of cells from the ovaries and testes of primary kings and queens, and dealates, indic... more Observation of cells from the ovaries and testes of primary kings and queens, and dealates, indicated that the haploid chromosome number in Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) is 21. This is comparable to reports of chromosome numbers in Reticulitermes species. No permanent interchange complexes were observed in C. formosanus, possibly because of relatively limited inbreeding in C. formosanus colonies in comparison to termite species in which such complexes have been found.
Pan-pacific Entomologist, 1999
Thirty-day studies of structural lumber infested by Cryptotermes brevis revealed that microclimat... more Thirty-day studies of structural lumber infested by Cryptotermes brevis revealed that microclimates in Hawaii were fairly uniform with an overall mean wood-core temperature of 24.33° C. The highest wood-core temperature was 43.31° C and the lowest was 13.94° C. The mean maximum wood core temperature across all sites was 37.04° C. Temperatures varied widely over a 24 h period with the greatest diurnal variation being 23.72° C. Thermal gradients between upper and lower locations of infestations were as high as 8.71° C. Ambient relative humidity was more variable than temperature with values varying as much as 55% RH during a single month. Monthly mean RH was as high as 75.09% and ranged from 98.2% to 27.2%.
California Agriculture, 1987
A two-way exchange of information between producer and ultimate users could lead to more effectiv... more A two-way exchange of information between producer and ultimate users could lead to more effective publications.
Journal of Entomological Science, 1987
ACS Symposium Series, 2003
... Related research. Termite resistant wood products. JK Grace in Sociobiology (2003). 2 readers... more ... Related research. Termite resistant wood products. JK Grace in Sociobiology (2003). 2 readers Save reference to library · Related research. Studies on thermal degradation and termite resistant properties of chemically modified wood. Manabendra Deka, CN Saikia, KK Baruah in ...
ACS Symposium Series, 2003
... 20. Shellman-Reeve, JS Anim. Behav. 2001, 61, 869-876. 21. Parker, PG; Snow, AA; Schug, MD; B... more ... 20. Shellman-Reeve, JS Anim. Behav. 2001, 61, 869-876. 21. Parker, PG; Snow, AA; Schug, MD; Booton, GC; Fuerst, PA Ecology 1998, 79, 361-382. 22. Hoy, M . Insect molecular genetics. Academic Press: San Diego, CA, 1994. 23. ...
Sociobiology, 1998
... n 4 Woodrow, Fi.J. & JK Grace — Termite Thermal Tolerances 19 into a-Fisher model... more ... n 4 Woodrow, Fi.J. & JK Grace — Termite Thermal Tolerances 19 into a-Fisher model 655F Isotemp oven (:0.5°C) (Fisher Scientific, Pittsburgh, PA ... petri plate with tape and threaded through a 2mm diameter hole in the lid of the Qorpak jar and connected to a Cole Parmer model ...
Sociobiology, 1998
... of time, 33.4min [Table 8). Maui ~ The only treatment observed on Maui was in a two-level hom... more ... of time, 33.4min [Table 8). Maui ~ The only treatment observed on Maui was in a two-level home in Lahajna, Maui on 11 ... 4 I Woodrow, HJ & JK Grace — High Temperature Control of Cryptotermes Control 47 Table 9. Summary statistics for temperature data collected during 8 ...
Journal of Applied Entomology, 1992
ABSTRACT
… Research Group on Wood …, 1998
... woods and concealed with forest top soil: Casuarina equisetzfolia, Azadirachta excelsa, Tecto... more ... woods and concealed with forest top soil: Casuarina equisetzfolia, Azadirachta excelsa, Tectona grandis (both Malaysian-grown and Burmese material), Hevea brasiliensis, Acacia mangium, Albizia falcataria, Araucaria cunninghamii, P. sylvestris, Koompassia malaccensis and ...
Sociobiology, 1995
Go to AGRIS search. Sociobiology (1995). Modification of a commercial bait station to collect lar... more Go to AGRIS search. Sociobiology (1995). Modification of a commercial bait station to collect large numbers of subterranean termites (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae ...
Sociobiology, 2002
... The use of genetic markers, including analysis of alloenzymes, mitochondrial DNA, and genomic... more ... The use of genetic markers, including analysis of alloenzymes, mitochondrial DNA, and genomic DNA, to examine population and colony structure in termites is an expanding field (eg Clément 1986; Reilly 1987; Korman & Pashley 1991; Strong & Grace 1993; Broughton & ...
Journal of Entomological Science, 1986
We describe a method of rapidly measuring the area removed by termites feeding on paper disks by ... more We describe a method of rapidly measuring the area removed by termites feeding on paper disks by microcomputer controlled video image analysis. The utility of this technique is demonstrated in a short-term (15 day) assay in which Reticulitermes hesperus Banks workers fed on filter paper, on rice paper containing a synthetic binder and on rice papers manufactured with natural starch from Lycoris radiata (Amaryllidaceae). Termites fed least on rice paper containing natural starch washed only with hot water during the manufacturing process. Greatest feeding occurred on rice paper containing the synthetic binder. Video image analysis is an efficient means of measuring termite feeding activity and comparing feeding on thin substrates of equivalent density and thickness.
Biology and Management of the Formosan Subterranean Termite and Related Species, 2023
Alternative and experimental approaches to subterranean termite management can be broadly charact... more Alternative and experimental approaches to subterranean termite management can be broadly characterized as the use of natural products, physical barriers, and biological control. Methods currently available for Coptotermes Wasmann prevention are the use of naturally durable woods in building construction in lieu of preservative-treated wood and installation of physical barriers to prevent termite penetration rather than soil insecticide treatments. A particle barrier of crushed and screened basalt was the first physical barrier developed for Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki management. Particle barriers, stainless steel mesh, and insecticide treated plastic membranes are now available as management options in several regions; and insecticide-free plastic membranes acting purely as physical barriers are now of interest. Worldwide, a great deal of research effort has been devoted to identification of plant allelochemicals that deter termites, and evaluation of suspected entomopathogens as possible biological control agents; with, however, little to no commercial application to date. Greater emphasis on understanding biological mechanisms, particularly with relevance to termite field biology and ecology, and on overcoming commercial production issues are necessary for these areas of research to potentially produce useful alternative methods of termite management.
diversity and colony breeding structure in native and introduced ranges of the Formosan subterran... more diversity and colony breeding structure in native and introduced ranges of the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus
Sociobiology, 1999
Observation of cells from the ovaries and testes of primary kings and queens, and dealates, indic... more Observation of cells from the ovaries and testes of primary kings and queens, and dealates, indicated that the haploid chromosome number in Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) is 21. This is comparable to reports of chromosome numbers in Reticulitermes species. No permanent interchange complexes were observed in C. formosanus, possibly because of relatively limited inbreeding in C. formosanus colonies in comparison to termite species in which such complexes have been found.
Pan-pacific Entomologist, 1999
Thirty-day studies of structural lumber infested by Cryptotermes brevis revealed that microclimat... more Thirty-day studies of structural lumber infested by Cryptotermes brevis revealed that microclimates in Hawaii were fairly uniform with an overall mean wood-core temperature of 24.33° C. The highest wood-core temperature was 43.31° C and the lowest was 13.94° C. The mean maximum wood core temperature across all sites was 37.04° C. Temperatures varied widely over a 24 h period with the greatest diurnal variation being 23.72° C. Thermal gradients between upper and lower locations of infestations were as high as 8.71° C. Ambient relative humidity was more variable than temperature with values varying as much as 55% RH during a single month. Monthly mean RH was as high as 75.09% and ranged from 98.2% to 27.2%.
California Agriculture, 1987
A two-way exchange of information between producer and ultimate users could lead to more effectiv... more A two-way exchange of information between producer and ultimate users could lead to more effective publications.
Journal of Entomological Science, 1987
ACS Symposium Series, 2003
... Related research. Termite resistant wood products. JK Grace in Sociobiology (2003). 2 readers... more ... Related research. Termite resistant wood products. JK Grace in Sociobiology (2003). 2 readers Save reference to library · Related research. Studies on thermal degradation and termite resistant properties of chemically modified wood. Manabendra Deka, CN Saikia, KK Baruah in ...
ACS Symposium Series, 2003
... 20. Shellman-Reeve, JS Anim. Behav. 2001, 61, 869-876. 21. Parker, PG; Snow, AA; Schug, MD; B... more ... 20. Shellman-Reeve, JS Anim. Behav. 2001, 61, 869-876. 21. Parker, PG; Snow, AA; Schug, MD; Booton, GC; Fuerst, PA Ecology 1998, 79, 361-382. 22. Hoy, M . Insect molecular genetics. Academic Press: San Diego, CA, 1994. 23. ...
Sociobiology, 1998
... n 4 Woodrow, Fi.J. & JK Grace — Termite Thermal Tolerances 19 into a-Fisher model... more ... n 4 Woodrow, Fi.J. & JK Grace — Termite Thermal Tolerances 19 into a-Fisher model 655F Isotemp oven (:0.5°C) (Fisher Scientific, Pittsburgh, PA ... petri plate with tape and threaded through a 2mm diameter hole in the lid of the Qorpak jar and connected to a Cole Parmer model ...
Sociobiology, 1998
... of time, 33.4min [Table 8). Maui ~ The only treatment observed on Maui was in a two-level hom... more ... of time, 33.4min [Table 8). Maui ~ The only treatment observed on Maui was in a two-level home in Lahajna, Maui on 11 ... 4 I Woodrow, HJ & JK Grace — High Temperature Control of Cryptotermes Control 47 Table 9. Summary statistics for temperature data collected during 8 ...
Journal of Applied Entomology, 1992
ABSTRACT
… Research Group on Wood …, 1998
... woods and concealed with forest top soil: Casuarina equisetzfolia, Azadirachta excelsa, Tecto... more ... woods and concealed with forest top soil: Casuarina equisetzfolia, Azadirachta excelsa, Tectona grandis (both Malaysian-grown and Burmese material), Hevea brasiliensis, Acacia mangium, Albizia falcataria, Araucaria cunninghamii, P. sylvestris, Koompassia malaccensis and ...
Sociobiology, 1995
Go to AGRIS search. Sociobiology (1995). Modification of a commercial bait station to collect lar... more Go to AGRIS search. Sociobiology (1995). Modification of a commercial bait station to collect large numbers of subterranean termites (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae ...
Sociobiology, 2002
... The use of genetic markers, including analysis of alloenzymes, mitochondrial DNA, and genomic... more ... The use of genetic markers, including analysis of alloenzymes, mitochondrial DNA, and genomic DNA, to examine population and colony structure in termites is an expanding field (eg Clément 1986; Reilly 1987; Korman & Pashley 1991; Strong & Grace 1993; Broughton & ...
Journal of Entomological Science, 1986
We describe a method of rapidly measuring the area removed by termites feeding on paper disks by ... more We describe a method of rapidly measuring the area removed by termites feeding on paper disks by microcomputer controlled video image analysis. The utility of this technique is demonstrated in a short-term (15 day) assay in which Reticulitermes hesperus Banks workers fed on filter paper, on rice paper containing a synthetic binder and on rice papers manufactured with natural starch from Lycoris radiata (Amaryllidaceae). Termites fed least on rice paper containing natural starch washed only with hot water during the manufacturing process. Greatest feeding occurred on rice paper containing the synthetic binder. Video image analysis is an efficient means of measuring termite feeding activity and comparing feeding on thin substrates of equivalent density and thickness.
Textes des conferences prononcees dans le cadre du “Seminaire sur le bois traite perde ou gagn... more Textes des conferences prononcees dans le cadre du “Seminaire sur le bois traite perde ou gagner des marches? Forintek Canada Corp., Sainte-Foy, Quebec, Canada. [2000]
Proceedings of the Canadian Wood Preservation Association 7: 3-12. (Keynote Address to the sevent... more Proceedings of the Canadian Wood Preservation Association 7: 3-12.
(Keynote Address to the seventh annual meeting, Toronto, 10 March 1987)
Pp. 147-165 in Eradication of Exotic Pests: Analysis with Case Histories (D.L. Dahlsten and R. G... more Pp. 147-165 in Eradication of Exotic Pests: Analysis with Case Histories (D.L. Dahlsten and R. Garcia, eds.). Yale University Press, New Haven.
The number of recognized invasive termite species has increased from 17 in 1969 to 28 today. Four... more The number of recognized invasive termite species has increased from 17 in 1969 to 28 today. Fourteen species have been added to the list in the past 44 years; 10 have larger distributions and 4 have no reported change in distribution, and 3 species are no longer considered invasive. Although most research has focused on invasive termites in urban areas, molecular identification methods have answered questions about certain species and found that at least six species have invaded natural forest habitats. All invasive species share three characteristics that together increase the probability of creating viable propagules: they eat wood, nest in food, and easily generate secondary reproductives. These characteristics are most common in two families, the Kalotermitidae and Rhinotermitidae (which make up 21 species on the invasive termite list), particularly in three genera Cryptotermes, Heterotermes, and Coptotermes (which together make up 16 species). Although it is the largest termite family, the Termitidae (comprise 70% of all termite species) have only two invasive species, because relatively few species have these characteristics. Islands have double the number of invasive species than continents, with islands in the South Pacific the most invaded geographical region. Most invasive species originate from Southeast Asia. The standard control methods normally used against native pest termites are also employed against invasive termites; only two eradication attempts, in South Africa and New
Zealand, appear to have been successful, both against Coptotermes species."