Rhonda Black | University of Hawaii at Manoa (original) (raw)

Papers by Rhonda Black

Research paper thumbnail of A Distance-Delivered Social Skills Program for Young Adults with Williams Syndrome: Evaluating Feasibility and Preliminary Efficacy

Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders

Indeed, individuals with WS appear to (a) be highly motivated to interact with others, (b) have a... more Indeed, individuals with WS appear to (a) be highly motivated to interact with others, (b) have a strong desire to make friends and to please others, (c) be too trusting of other people, and (d) have a pervasive and difficult-toinhibit desire to approach and engage known and unknown individuals (

Research paper thumbnail of Parental role in intimate relationships: Comparing adults with and without intellectual disabilities

Journal of Intellectual & Developmental Disability, Apr 23, 2023

Research paper thumbnail of How Expert Special Educators Effectively Negotiate Their Job Demands

Journal of the American Academy of Special Education Professionals, 2017

This qualitative case study explored how three expert secondary special education teachers in Haw... more This qualitative case study explored how three expert secondary special education teachers in Hawaii successfully negotiated their job demands. Purposeful sampling was used to select one secondary school on the Leeward coast of Oahu. We used reputational-case sampling to select participants that fit Dreyfus and Dreyfus' (1980) expert theoretical construct, and defined expert special education teachers as (a) licensed to teach special education in Hawaii, (b) taught special education in Hawaii for a minimum of 6 years, and (c) nominated by their principals and special education department chair as experts. Data were derived from semi-structured interviews, observations, and teacher-kept time journals and were analyzed through individual and crosscase analysis to uncover underlying themes. Findings from this qualitative study identified resources and supports, skills, behaviors, and dispositions that three expert special education coteachers used to effectively manage their multiple job demands such that they averted burnout and remained in the field. Major themes regarding what helped the participants juggle their job demands included relying on others for help; working beyond required work hours; multitasking; and having good classroom management skills, a positive attitude, and empathy. These results have implications for teacher education programs, administrators, and practitioners regarding the qualities of expert special educators, how to move from a novice to expert teacher, and providing role clarification.

Research paper thumbnail of Recent innovations in small-N designs for rehabilitation research: An extension of Cowan, Hennessey, Vierstra, and Rumrill

Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation, 2005

Abstract. This article describes two recent innovations in small-N research design and illustrate... more Abstract. This article describes two recent innovations in small-N research design and illustrates how these novel designs apply to research in vocational rehabilitation. The first innovation, the range-bound changing criterion design, is nearly identical to the classic changing ...

Research paper thumbnail of Culturally Responsive Self-Regulated Strategy Development in Writing for College Students with Disabilities

Multiple Voices for Ethnically Diverse Exceptional Learners

Students with disabilities and culturally and linguistically diverse (CLD) students typically str... more Students with disabilities and culturally and linguistically diverse (CLD) students typically struggle more with writing than their nondisabled and English-proficient peers. Although the reasons are different, these students often face similar difficulties in writing. Self-regulated strategy development (SRSD) is an evidence-based practice for students with disabilities. In this study, SRSD was adapted to address postsecondary writing demands and to add culturally responsive and language development elements, resulting in culturally responsive and evidence-based approach to excellence (CREATE) in writing. A mixed methods design was used to investigate the effect of CREATE on 10 college students with disabilities, including five CLD, during a 2-week workshop. The outcomes indicated increases in writing quality and fluency, as well as participants' perceptions of their writing.

Research paper thumbnail of Using behavior skills training to teach recreational motor skills to middle school students with moderate disabilities

Research paper thumbnail of A Community-Engaged Project Discovering the Sexuality Questions of Adults With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities

Inclusion, 2021

This study used a community-based participatory research approach to examine what adults with int... more This study used a community-based participatory research approach to examine what adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) view as important topics in sexuality education. A thematic analysis was conducted on questions written by adults with IDD regarding sexuality after attending a sexuality education group. Results were checked for accuracy using a community focus group. Findings provide direct implications for community-based sexuality education programs for adults with IDD, demonstrating the need for mentoring regarding authentic relationship experiences as well as developmentally appropriate sexual health information. Programs need to focus on helping adults with IDD navigate these interpersonal experiences. This study also demonstrates the importance of including the voices of adults with IDD in research in order to ensure its applicability and acceptability.

Research paper thumbnail of Book Review: The Facts of Life. . And More: Sexuality and Intimacy for People with Intellectual Disabilities

The Review of Disability Studies: An International Journal, 2014

Author: Leslie Walker-Hirsch Reviewer: Rhonda S. Black Publisher: Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes Pub... more Author: Leslie Walker-Hirsch Reviewer: Rhonda S. Black Publisher: Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes Publishing, 2007 Paper, ISBN: 978-155766714-4, 320 pages Cost: $29.95 USD Available from http://www.brookespublishing.com or www.amazon.com

Research paper thumbnail of Vol34#2_Promoting Sexual Health and Responsibility: Healthy Sexuality Education for Hawai'i's Youth

Research paper thumbnail of Book Review: Going to College: Expanding Opportunities for People with Disabilities

The Review of Disability Studies: An International Journal, 2014

Authors: Elizabeth Evans Getzel & Paul Wehman Reviewer: Rhonda S. Black Publisher: Brookes, 2005.... more Authors: Elizabeth Evans Getzel & Paul Wehman Reviewer: Rhonda S. Black Publisher: Brookes, 2005. Paper, ISBN: 1-55766-742-X, 336 pages Cost: $34.95

Research paper thumbnail of Book Review: Siblings of Children with Autism: A Guide for Families (2nd Edition)

The Review of Disability Studies: An International Journal, 2015

Author: Sandra L. Harris & Beth A. Glasberg Publisher: Woodbine House, 2003 Paper, ISBN: 1-890627... more Author: Sandra L. Harris & Beth A. Glasberg Publisher: Woodbine House, 2003 Paper, ISBN: 1-890627-29-1, 180 pp. Cost: $16.95 USD Reviewer: Rhonda S. Black

Research paper thumbnail of Pre-Service Teachers

Electronic Journal for Inclusive Education, 2017

Thirty-one final semester undergraduate, dual preparation, pre-service students at a Pacific univ... more Thirty-one final semester undergraduate, dual preparation, pre-service students at a Pacific university completed a survey regarding their confidence in teaching reading acquisition skills to early elementary (Kindergarten through third grade) struggling readers and readers in general. The 36-item survey included open-ended and forced choice Likert-type rating scale items. We examined participants' perceptions regarding their confidence in teaching reading and the degree to which numerous factors contributed to their levels of confidence. It appeared that this particular group of pre-service teachers was more confident in their ability to teach reading to all students, those who struggle and those who do not, than similar surveyed participants in the research literature.

Research paper thumbnail of Book Review: Student-Directed Learning

The Review of Disability Studies: An International Journal, 2014

Author: Martin Agran, Margaret King-Sears, Michael Wehmeyer, & Susan Copeland Reviewer: Rhonda S.... more Author: Martin Agran, Margaret King-Sears, Michael Wehmeyer, & Susan Copeland Reviewer: Rhonda S. Black Publisher: Paul H. Brookes Publishing, 2003 Paper, ISBN: 1-55766-621-0, 122 pp. Cost: $25.00 USD

Research paper thumbnail of Book Review: My Friend Isabelle

The Review of Disability Studies: An International Journal, 2014

Author: Eliza Woloson Reviewer: Rhonda S. Black Illustrator: Bryan Gough. Publisher: Woodbine Ho... more Author: Eliza Woloson Reviewer: Rhonda S. Black Illustrator: Bryan Gough. Publisher: Woodbine House, 2003. Cloth, ISBN: 1-890627-50-X, 28 pp. Cost: $14.95 USD

Research paper thumbnail of Parental Support for Sexuality Education and Expression Among Adults with an Intellectual Disability

Sexuality and Disability, 2020

Sexuality expression and experiences are an often-ignored component of health and wellbeing for a... more Sexuality expression and experiences are an often-ignored component of health and wellbeing for adults with intellectual disabilities (ID). Adults with ID have gaps in their sexuality education, and experience restrictions from parents and caregivers exploring their sexuality. However, parental control does not deter adults with ID from desiring sexual experiences, and instead often leads to secretive and potentially exploitative relationships. Although this pattern is clear, we lack an understanding of the impact of parental attitudes on sexuality education and expression for adults with ID. The current study examines parental experiences attending to sexuality education and sexuality expression for adults with ID compared to their typically developing adult siblings. A mixed methods design was used including an online survey with 50 parents nationwide, and follow-up phone/video conferencing interviews with a subset of 20 parents. Findings from this study indicate that parents are more engaged with adults with ID and struggle to determine the appropriate level of sexuality education they should be providing to individuals with ID. Findings add to our understanding of the important role of the parent, and provides insight into training to support parents as they navigate these experiences.

Research paper thumbnail of Reflecting on the Education Position Statement of AAIDD and The Arc

Inclusion, 2020

This article expands on 10 critical actions within the American Association on Intellectual and D... more This article expands on 10 critical actions within the American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (AAIDD) and The Arc's 2018 joint position statement on the right of students with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) to have a free and appropriate public education (FAPE): (a) zero reject; (b) nondiscriminatory and comprehensive eligibility evaluations and appropriate assessments; (c) high expectations and FAPE; (d) autonomy, self-determination, and decision-making supports; (e) inclusion and least restrictive environments (LRE); (f) safe and supportive education environments; (g) school choice; (h) family and student participation; (i) lifelong education, transition, and postsecondary education; and (j) system capacity development, funding, oversight, and accountability. Research findings documenting positive outcomes associated with implementing each area of action are described and relevant legal mandates and case law are discussed. Recomm...

Research paper thumbnail of The Struggle is Real: Advocacy, Activism, and Agency in Young Adult Protagonists with Autism

Children and Teenagers, 2019

While there is much research behind adolescent protagonists developing advocacy, activism, and ag... more While there is much research behind adolescent protagonists developing advocacy, activism, and agency in young adult literature in order to change the trajectory of their lives, fewer studies have examined adolescent protagonists with autism under similar circumstances. The image of the semi-comic, socially tragic autistic teenager is portrayed in the media more often than one who advocates for himself, takes action to be independent, and develops as an agent of change. This paper examines six award-winning young adult novels whose protagonists emerge as young people developing independence despite dealing with the challenges living with autism brings. How they exert this autonomy helps illustrate the multitude of ways in which teens handle frustration, challenges, and helplessness while managing a disability. Readers not only engage with teenagers facing obstacles, but also have the opportunity to develop a better understanding of their peers, a deeper sense of empathy, and empower...

Research paper thumbnail of Pre-Service Teachers\u27 Confidence in Teaching Reading Acquisition Skills to Struggling Readers and Readers in General

Thirty-one final semester undergraduate, dual preparation, pre-service students at a Pacific univ... more Thirty-one final semester undergraduate, dual preparation, pre-service students at a Pacific university completed a survey regarding their confidence in teaching reading acquisition skills to early elementary (Kindergarten through third grade) struggling readers and readers in general. The 36-item survey included open-ended and forced choice Likert-type rating scale items. We examined participants’ perceptions regarding their confidence in teaching reading and the degree to which numerous factors contributed to their levels of confidence. It appeared that this particular group of pre-service teachers was more confident in their ability to teach reading to all students, those who struggle and those who do not, than similar surveyed participants in the research literature

Research paper thumbnail of Portrayal of Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorders in Young Adult Literature

Characters with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have become increasingly popular in young adult l... more Characters with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have become increasingly popular in young adult literature. Using a case-study format, this article describes the communication, sensory, and social characteristics of eight protagonists in award-winning young adult novels. All told in the first person, these novels provide insight for young readers regarding what youth with ASD experience. General findings reveal that youth with ASD are portrayed as quirky geniuses, who are sensitive to sounds and light, and are thrown off by changes in routine or in the environment. Misunderstanding idioms is used as comic relief, as are the characters’ social faux pas. The characters do not represent the full range of individuals with autism spectrum disorders, especially those who also have cognitive and language impairments. However, the novels do portray sensory sensitivity well from a first-person perspective. Overall, the novels provide positive images that may challenge ableist attitudes and p...

Research paper thumbnail of Transition Outcomes of Young Adults with Disabilities in Rural Areas: A Research Synthesis

Rural Special Education Quarterly, 2003

The efficacy of special education is often measured by employment, independent living and social ... more The efficacy of special education is often measured by employment, independent living and social outcomes. Therefore, the purpose of this review was to synthesize articles concerning outcomes of young adults who have transitioned from secondary school to adult life in rural areas. Articles on transition of young adults with disabilities in rural areas published in numerous refereed journals between 1990 and 1998 were reviewed to determine the rates of employment and independent living. Additional variables included demographics, job types, wages, and benefits. Results indicated that few empirical studies examined special education outcomes for young adults living in rural areas. Studies that did examine employment outcomes indicated that, overall, fewer than 70% of young adults with disabilities in the studies' samples were employed. However, employment outcomes seem to have improved from 1990 to 1997. The synthesis also indicated that, overall, fewer than 40% of young adults wi...

Research paper thumbnail of A Distance-Delivered Social Skills Program for Young Adults with Williams Syndrome: Evaluating Feasibility and Preliminary Efficacy

Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders

Indeed, individuals with WS appear to (a) be highly motivated to interact with others, (b) have a... more Indeed, individuals with WS appear to (a) be highly motivated to interact with others, (b) have a strong desire to make friends and to please others, (c) be too trusting of other people, and (d) have a pervasive and difficult-toinhibit desire to approach and engage known and unknown individuals (

Research paper thumbnail of Parental role in intimate relationships: Comparing adults with and without intellectual disabilities

Journal of Intellectual & Developmental Disability, Apr 23, 2023

Research paper thumbnail of How Expert Special Educators Effectively Negotiate Their Job Demands

Journal of the American Academy of Special Education Professionals, 2017

This qualitative case study explored how three expert secondary special education teachers in Haw... more This qualitative case study explored how three expert secondary special education teachers in Hawaii successfully negotiated their job demands. Purposeful sampling was used to select one secondary school on the Leeward coast of Oahu. We used reputational-case sampling to select participants that fit Dreyfus and Dreyfus' (1980) expert theoretical construct, and defined expert special education teachers as (a) licensed to teach special education in Hawaii, (b) taught special education in Hawaii for a minimum of 6 years, and (c) nominated by their principals and special education department chair as experts. Data were derived from semi-structured interviews, observations, and teacher-kept time journals and were analyzed through individual and crosscase analysis to uncover underlying themes. Findings from this qualitative study identified resources and supports, skills, behaviors, and dispositions that three expert special education coteachers used to effectively manage their multiple job demands such that they averted burnout and remained in the field. Major themes regarding what helped the participants juggle their job demands included relying on others for help; working beyond required work hours; multitasking; and having good classroom management skills, a positive attitude, and empathy. These results have implications for teacher education programs, administrators, and practitioners regarding the qualities of expert special educators, how to move from a novice to expert teacher, and providing role clarification.

Research paper thumbnail of Recent innovations in small-N designs for rehabilitation research: An extension of Cowan, Hennessey, Vierstra, and Rumrill

Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation, 2005

Abstract. This article describes two recent innovations in small-N research design and illustrate... more Abstract. This article describes two recent innovations in small-N research design and illustrates how these novel designs apply to research in vocational rehabilitation. The first innovation, the range-bound changing criterion design, is nearly identical to the classic changing ...

Research paper thumbnail of Culturally Responsive Self-Regulated Strategy Development in Writing for College Students with Disabilities

Multiple Voices for Ethnically Diverse Exceptional Learners

Students with disabilities and culturally and linguistically diverse (CLD) students typically str... more Students with disabilities and culturally and linguistically diverse (CLD) students typically struggle more with writing than their nondisabled and English-proficient peers. Although the reasons are different, these students often face similar difficulties in writing. Self-regulated strategy development (SRSD) is an evidence-based practice for students with disabilities. In this study, SRSD was adapted to address postsecondary writing demands and to add culturally responsive and language development elements, resulting in culturally responsive and evidence-based approach to excellence (CREATE) in writing. A mixed methods design was used to investigate the effect of CREATE on 10 college students with disabilities, including five CLD, during a 2-week workshop. The outcomes indicated increases in writing quality and fluency, as well as participants' perceptions of their writing.

Research paper thumbnail of Using behavior skills training to teach recreational motor skills to middle school students with moderate disabilities

Research paper thumbnail of A Community-Engaged Project Discovering the Sexuality Questions of Adults With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities

Inclusion, 2021

This study used a community-based participatory research approach to examine what adults with int... more This study used a community-based participatory research approach to examine what adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) view as important topics in sexuality education. A thematic analysis was conducted on questions written by adults with IDD regarding sexuality after attending a sexuality education group. Results were checked for accuracy using a community focus group. Findings provide direct implications for community-based sexuality education programs for adults with IDD, demonstrating the need for mentoring regarding authentic relationship experiences as well as developmentally appropriate sexual health information. Programs need to focus on helping adults with IDD navigate these interpersonal experiences. This study also demonstrates the importance of including the voices of adults with IDD in research in order to ensure its applicability and acceptability.

Research paper thumbnail of Book Review: The Facts of Life. . And More: Sexuality and Intimacy for People with Intellectual Disabilities

The Review of Disability Studies: An International Journal, 2014

Author: Leslie Walker-Hirsch Reviewer: Rhonda S. Black Publisher: Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes Pub... more Author: Leslie Walker-Hirsch Reviewer: Rhonda S. Black Publisher: Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes Publishing, 2007 Paper, ISBN: 978-155766714-4, 320 pages Cost: $29.95 USD Available from http://www.brookespublishing.com or www.amazon.com

Research paper thumbnail of Vol34#2_Promoting Sexual Health and Responsibility: Healthy Sexuality Education for Hawai'i's Youth

Research paper thumbnail of Book Review: Going to College: Expanding Opportunities for People with Disabilities

The Review of Disability Studies: An International Journal, 2014

Authors: Elizabeth Evans Getzel & Paul Wehman Reviewer: Rhonda S. Black Publisher: Brookes, 2005.... more Authors: Elizabeth Evans Getzel & Paul Wehman Reviewer: Rhonda S. Black Publisher: Brookes, 2005. Paper, ISBN: 1-55766-742-X, 336 pages Cost: $34.95

Research paper thumbnail of Book Review: Siblings of Children with Autism: A Guide for Families (2nd Edition)

The Review of Disability Studies: An International Journal, 2015

Author: Sandra L. Harris & Beth A. Glasberg Publisher: Woodbine House, 2003 Paper, ISBN: 1-890627... more Author: Sandra L. Harris & Beth A. Glasberg Publisher: Woodbine House, 2003 Paper, ISBN: 1-890627-29-1, 180 pp. Cost: $16.95 USD Reviewer: Rhonda S. Black

Research paper thumbnail of Pre-Service Teachers

Electronic Journal for Inclusive Education, 2017

Thirty-one final semester undergraduate, dual preparation, pre-service students at a Pacific univ... more Thirty-one final semester undergraduate, dual preparation, pre-service students at a Pacific university completed a survey regarding their confidence in teaching reading acquisition skills to early elementary (Kindergarten through third grade) struggling readers and readers in general. The 36-item survey included open-ended and forced choice Likert-type rating scale items. We examined participants' perceptions regarding their confidence in teaching reading and the degree to which numerous factors contributed to their levels of confidence. It appeared that this particular group of pre-service teachers was more confident in their ability to teach reading to all students, those who struggle and those who do not, than similar surveyed participants in the research literature.

Research paper thumbnail of Book Review: Student-Directed Learning

The Review of Disability Studies: An International Journal, 2014

Author: Martin Agran, Margaret King-Sears, Michael Wehmeyer, & Susan Copeland Reviewer: Rhonda S.... more Author: Martin Agran, Margaret King-Sears, Michael Wehmeyer, & Susan Copeland Reviewer: Rhonda S. Black Publisher: Paul H. Brookes Publishing, 2003 Paper, ISBN: 1-55766-621-0, 122 pp. Cost: $25.00 USD

Research paper thumbnail of Book Review: My Friend Isabelle

The Review of Disability Studies: An International Journal, 2014

Author: Eliza Woloson Reviewer: Rhonda S. Black Illustrator: Bryan Gough. Publisher: Woodbine Ho... more Author: Eliza Woloson Reviewer: Rhonda S. Black Illustrator: Bryan Gough. Publisher: Woodbine House, 2003. Cloth, ISBN: 1-890627-50-X, 28 pp. Cost: $14.95 USD

Research paper thumbnail of Parental Support for Sexuality Education and Expression Among Adults with an Intellectual Disability

Sexuality and Disability, 2020

Sexuality expression and experiences are an often-ignored component of health and wellbeing for a... more Sexuality expression and experiences are an often-ignored component of health and wellbeing for adults with intellectual disabilities (ID). Adults with ID have gaps in their sexuality education, and experience restrictions from parents and caregivers exploring their sexuality. However, parental control does not deter adults with ID from desiring sexual experiences, and instead often leads to secretive and potentially exploitative relationships. Although this pattern is clear, we lack an understanding of the impact of parental attitudes on sexuality education and expression for adults with ID. The current study examines parental experiences attending to sexuality education and sexuality expression for adults with ID compared to their typically developing adult siblings. A mixed methods design was used including an online survey with 50 parents nationwide, and follow-up phone/video conferencing interviews with a subset of 20 parents. Findings from this study indicate that parents are more engaged with adults with ID and struggle to determine the appropriate level of sexuality education they should be providing to individuals with ID. Findings add to our understanding of the important role of the parent, and provides insight into training to support parents as they navigate these experiences.

Research paper thumbnail of Reflecting on the Education Position Statement of AAIDD and The Arc

Inclusion, 2020

This article expands on 10 critical actions within the American Association on Intellectual and D... more This article expands on 10 critical actions within the American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (AAIDD) and The Arc's 2018 joint position statement on the right of students with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) to have a free and appropriate public education (FAPE): (a) zero reject; (b) nondiscriminatory and comprehensive eligibility evaluations and appropriate assessments; (c) high expectations and FAPE; (d) autonomy, self-determination, and decision-making supports; (e) inclusion and least restrictive environments (LRE); (f) safe and supportive education environments; (g) school choice; (h) family and student participation; (i) lifelong education, transition, and postsecondary education; and (j) system capacity development, funding, oversight, and accountability. Research findings documenting positive outcomes associated with implementing each area of action are described and relevant legal mandates and case law are discussed. Recomm...

Research paper thumbnail of The Struggle is Real: Advocacy, Activism, and Agency in Young Adult Protagonists with Autism

Children and Teenagers, 2019

While there is much research behind adolescent protagonists developing advocacy, activism, and ag... more While there is much research behind adolescent protagonists developing advocacy, activism, and agency in young adult literature in order to change the trajectory of their lives, fewer studies have examined adolescent protagonists with autism under similar circumstances. The image of the semi-comic, socially tragic autistic teenager is portrayed in the media more often than one who advocates for himself, takes action to be independent, and develops as an agent of change. This paper examines six award-winning young adult novels whose protagonists emerge as young people developing independence despite dealing with the challenges living with autism brings. How they exert this autonomy helps illustrate the multitude of ways in which teens handle frustration, challenges, and helplessness while managing a disability. Readers not only engage with teenagers facing obstacles, but also have the opportunity to develop a better understanding of their peers, a deeper sense of empathy, and empower...

Research paper thumbnail of Pre-Service Teachers\u27 Confidence in Teaching Reading Acquisition Skills to Struggling Readers and Readers in General

Thirty-one final semester undergraduate, dual preparation, pre-service students at a Pacific univ... more Thirty-one final semester undergraduate, dual preparation, pre-service students at a Pacific university completed a survey regarding their confidence in teaching reading acquisition skills to early elementary (Kindergarten through third grade) struggling readers and readers in general. The 36-item survey included open-ended and forced choice Likert-type rating scale items. We examined participants’ perceptions regarding their confidence in teaching reading and the degree to which numerous factors contributed to their levels of confidence. It appeared that this particular group of pre-service teachers was more confident in their ability to teach reading to all students, those who struggle and those who do not, than similar surveyed participants in the research literature

Research paper thumbnail of Portrayal of Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorders in Young Adult Literature

Characters with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have become increasingly popular in young adult l... more Characters with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have become increasingly popular in young adult literature. Using a case-study format, this article describes the communication, sensory, and social characteristics of eight protagonists in award-winning young adult novels. All told in the first person, these novels provide insight for young readers regarding what youth with ASD experience. General findings reveal that youth with ASD are portrayed as quirky geniuses, who are sensitive to sounds and light, and are thrown off by changes in routine or in the environment. Misunderstanding idioms is used as comic relief, as are the characters’ social faux pas. The characters do not represent the full range of individuals with autism spectrum disorders, especially those who also have cognitive and language impairments. However, the novels do portray sensory sensitivity well from a first-person perspective. Overall, the novels provide positive images that may challenge ableist attitudes and p...

Research paper thumbnail of Transition Outcomes of Young Adults with Disabilities in Rural Areas: A Research Synthesis

Rural Special Education Quarterly, 2003

The efficacy of special education is often measured by employment, independent living and social ... more The efficacy of special education is often measured by employment, independent living and social outcomes. Therefore, the purpose of this review was to synthesize articles concerning outcomes of young adults who have transitioned from secondary school to adult life in rural areas. Articles on transition of young adults with disabilities in rural areas published in numerous refereed journals between 1990 and 1998 were reviewed to determine the rates of employment and independent living. Additional variables included demographics, job types, wages, and benefits. Results indicated that few empirical studies examined special education outcomes for young adults living in rural areas. Studies that did examine employment outcomes indicated that, overall, fewer than 70% of young adults with disabilities in the studies' samples were employed. However, employment outcomes seem to have improved from 1990 to 1997. The synthesis also indicated that, overall, fewer than 40% of young adults wi...