Hend Abo El-Atta | Mansoura University (original) (raw)

Papers by Hend Abo El-Atta

Research paper thumbnail of Testicular dysfunction in malathion induced toxicity in male rats: Protective role of NAC and Silymarin

Mansoura Journal of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of Obidoxime Therapy on Cholinesterase Enzymes' Reactivation in Clinically Diagnosed Patients With Acute Organophosphate Toxicity

Mansoura Journal of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology

Organophosphorus poisoning has significant clinical importance, especially in the developing coun... more Organophosphorus poisoning has significant clinical importance, especially in the developing countries, due to its major health consequences. The study evaluated role of obidoxime in reactivation of cholinesterase (ACHE, BuCHE) enzymes in acute organophosphorus (OP) intoxicated patients. It was conducted on group I: 50 patients received obidoxime therapy after acute OP intoxication, and group II: 50 patients did not receive obidoxime. Patients were subjected to neurological evaluation, determination of ACHE and BuCHE levels. Results revealed that there were statistically significant differences between both groups regarding clinical outcomes, with variability of significance regarding initial and final levels of cholinesterase enzymes. It was concluded that BuCHE enzymes' levels can be considered sensitive biomarker for OP exposure and severity, while, ACHE activity reflected the recovery.

Research paper thumbnail of Skeletal Maturation Using Cervical Vertebrae Versus Dental Age For Age Estimation

Mansoura Journal of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology

In forensic science, few data exist regarding cervical vertebrae stages for age estimation, meanw... more In forensic science, few data exist regarding cervical vertebrae stages for age estimation, meanwhile, teeth are frequently used to estimate age. The present study tested the cervical vertebrae skeletal maturation as an indicator for chronological age. A total of 149 radiographs (68 boys and 81 girls) were analyzed. Their ages ranged from 5.94-18.00 years. Cervical vertebral skeletal maturation (CVM) staging and dental age estimation by Willem's method were estimated. Results show that there is significant correlation between dental age, CVM and chronological age. However, CVM staging is not accurate to depend on solely for age estimation especially in forensic investigations. Willem's method underestimated age by 0.01 years in girls and 0.16 years in boys. It can be concluded that CVM can give rough idea about age and accuracy will be enhanced if combined with dental age estimation.

Research paper thumbnail of Bisphenol-A and Risk of Obesity Among A Sample of Egyptian Children: Role of Adiponectin as Biomarker of Exposure

Mansoura Journal of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology

Bisphenol-A (BPA) is one of the commonest chemicals used in the manufacturing of plastics. Childh... more Bisphenol-A (BPA) is one of the commonest chemicals used in the manufacturing of plastics. Childhood obesity is one of the most serious public health challenges of the 21 st century that affects many low-and middle-income countries, including Egypt. This study was conducted to correlate between BPA exposure and risk of obesity in a sample of Egyptian children and to find out whether adiponectin (ADP) can be utilized as an exposure biomarker or not. This study was conducted on 80 children. They were divided into two groups according to their body mass index (BMI): Study group included 40 obese children (BMI ≥ 95 th percentile), and control group included 40 normal-weight children (BMI 5 th-85 th percentile). Levels of urinary BPA and serum ADP were estimated using HPLC and ELISA respectively. The study revealed that statistically significant increase in mean adjusted urinary BPA levels (P < 0.001) and serum ADP levels (P < 0.001) between study and control groups. Within the study group, a statistically significant positive correlation was found between urinary BPA levels and BMI (r = 0.956), meanwhile, statistically significant negative correlations were found between urinary BPA levels and serum ADP levels, as well, serum ADP levels and BMI (r=-0.947,-0.984 respectively). Binary logistic regression analysis showed that odds ratio for serum ADP level was 0.146 with 95% CI: 0.003-0.66, P=0.012. Significant increased risk for obesity among BPA exposed children was found and ADP can be used as a predictor biological marker for BPA-induced obesity.

Research paper thumbnail of Prediction of Stature and Gender From Foot Measurements: Egyptian Versus Malaysian

Mansoura Journal of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology

Research paper thumbnail of Detection of Pregabalin in Urine Using Thin Layer Chromatography: An Egyptian Study

Mansoura Journal of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology

Research paper thumbnail of Cholinesterase Enzymes as Predictors for Severity Among Acutely Organophosphorus Intoxicated Patients

Mansoura Journal of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology

Organophosphorus pesticides are considered a major human health concern, primarily in developing ... more Organophosphorus pesticides are considered a major human health concern, primarily in developing countries. Acute toxicity of these compounds is known to have serious health consequences. The study aimed to assess the role of cholinesterase enzymes (acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase) as predictors for severity following acute OP intoxication immediately after admission, using Peradeniya Organophosphorus Poisoning (POP) clinical severity scoring. It was conducted on fifty patients recruited from Mansoura University Emergency Hospital with history of acute exposure to organophosphorus compounds (OPCs). Detection of OP toxicity was done using thin layer chromatography (TLC) technique; assessment of severity of OP poisoning was done using Peradeniya Organophosphorus Poisoning (POP) scale; and estimating ACHE and BuCHE levels that was done using microlab auto-analyzer. No statistically significant associations were found between initial ACHE enzyme levels and POP severity scoring (p=0.075), meanwhile, initial BuCHE levels were significantly associated with POP severity scoring (p=0.045). Thus, measurement of BuCHE enzyme on admission is a sensitive biomarker for acute OP exposure and severity. Although ACHE enzyme is considered a specific biomarker for diagnosis of OP toxicity, it cannot be considered a sensitive biomarker for severity.

Research paper thumbnail of Age Estimation from Ossification of the Medial Clavicular Epiphysis by Computed Tomography

International Journal of Morphology, 2015

The current study intended to evaluate the accuracy of age estimation from the development of the... more The current study intended to evaluate the accuracy of age estimation from the development of the medial clavicular epiphysis (sternal end of the clavicle) in Egyptian population using computed tomography (CT) and to develop a discriminant formula that can be used in Egyptians. The study was conducted on 142 subjects (84 males and 58 females) after taken informed consent. They were subjected to multi-slice CT on the medial end of clavicles of both sides. The results revealed that the age of non-union was seen at 8-17 years; incomplete union at 15-20 years and complete union was seen at 20 years. It is concluded that the ossification of medial clavicular end could be used for age estimation. Also CT is a good visualization tool to be used. Regression analysis for each and both clavicles in both sexes is specific to Egyptian population and should be used after validation of the results in other ones. The study recommended using stage 1 to be <17 years; stage 2 to be >15 years; Stage 3 to be >15 years; stage 4 of maturation to be >19 years and stage 5 to be >21 years.

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluation of procalcitonin postmortem levels in some models of death: An experimental study

Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine, 2015

Post-mortem determination of biochemical parameters, especially for obscure cases, has been recog... more Post-mortem determination of biochemical parameters, especially for obscure cases, has been recognized useful in diagnosis of the underlying causes of death. Procalcitonin (PCT) is known to rise in a response to any proinflammatory stimulus. The present study aims to estimate postmortem PCT levels in serum and kidney, liver, brain; and whether it is similar in different causes of death models (trauma, drowning and freezing) models or not. The study was performed on 60 male rabbits. Rabbits were divided into four different death induced models (15 rabbit each): trauma, infection, drowning and freezing models. At the end of the study, all rabbits were sacrificed; blood samples, kidneys, livers and brains were collected. PCT was measured using ELISA assay. Results showed highly significant increase in PCT levels in all tested samples in different models of death. The infection induced model showed the highest levels in all tested samples compared to other groups mainly in liver; followed by trauma model and drowning model which were increased mainly in brain&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s samples. The least model which showed increased PCT levels was the freezing model mainly in liver samples. Post Hoc multiple comparisons test showed significant differences between groups in most of liver, brain and kidney samples, while PCT serum blood samples were significant only between trauma and infection groups. It was concluded that PCT can differentiate between sepsis and non-sepsis related deaths and that organs like liver, kidney and brain PCT levels could be an alternative to serum PCT for the diagnosis of postmortem sepsis.

Research paper thumbnail of Possible Effects of Metallosis on Spermatozoal Apoptotic Genes Expression in Individuals with Intramedullary Nailing Prosthesis

Biological Trace Element Research, 2014

Seminal quality could be affected by metallosis caused by intramedullary nailing (IMN). Our objec... more Seminal quality could be affected by metallosis caused by intramedullary nailing (IMN). Our objectives were to estimate metal ion levels in the seminal plasma of subjects with IMN, to determine their effects on semen parameters and on spermatozoal apoptotic gene expression, and to determine whether these expressed genes could be used as candidate biomarkers of seminal deterioration in individuals with IMN or not. Semen samples were collected from 60 subjects with IMN and 30 age-matched healthy controls. Seminal plasma contents of cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), and molybdenum (Mo) were assayed. Spermatozoal Bcl-2 and Bax gene expressions were determined. Studied semen parameters were significantly lower in subjects with IMN for ≥5 years in relation to controls while the concentrations of Co, Cr, and Mo in the seminal plasma samples were significantly higher. There were significantly lower spermatozoal Bcl-2 expression, higher Bax expression, and lower Bcl-2/Bax ratio in subjects with IMN for ≥5 years than in controls. In subjects with IMN for ≥5 years, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis of studied gene expressions and Bcl-2/Bax ratio were done showing priority of the ratio with 86.7 % sensitivity, 100 % specificity, 100 % positive predictive value, and 93.8 % negative predictive value at cutoff values ≤0.777. Co, Cr, and Mo metals are found at high concentrations in the seminal plasma of individuals with IMN leading to increased spermatozoal apoptotic activity. Spermatozoal Bcl-2/Bax ratio could be used as a candidate biomarker of reproductive disorders in individuals with intramedullary nailing.

Research paper thumbnail of DNA Fragmentation, Caspase 3 and Prostate-Specific Antigen Genes Expression Induced by Arsenic, Cadmium, and Chromium on Nontumorigenic Human Prostate Cells

Biological Trace Element Research, 2014

Your article is protected by copyright and all rights are held exclusively by Springer Science +B... more Your article is protected by copyright and all rights are held exclusively by Springer Science +Business Media New York. This e-offprint is for personal use only and shall not be selfarchived in electronic repositories. If you wish to self-archive your article, please use the accepted manuscript version for posting on your own website. You may further deposit the accepted manuscript version in any repository, provided it is only made publicly available 12 months after official publication or later and provided acknowledgement is given to the original source of publication and a link is inserted to the published article on Springer's website. The link must be accompanied by the following text: "The final publication is available at link.springer.com".

Research paper thumbnail of Chronic Toxicity of Some Heavy Metals and Breast Cancer in Egyptian Females

Journal of Clinical Toxicology, 2011

Heavy metals as environmental pollutants have been recognized to have a role in induction of mali... more Heavy metals as environmental pollutants have been recognized to have a role in induction of malignant human growths. Recently, certain heavy metals showed a close association to breast cancer. This research was conducted to find out the role of some toxic heavy metals (cadmium, iron, copper, lead and zinc) in induction of breast cancer in-vivo. The study was carried out on 100 female patients: 75 with breast cancer (cancerous group) and 25 with benign breast diseases (non-cancerous group). Patients were chosen from those attending to the Oncology Center, Mansoura University. Heavy metals concentrations were measured in the urine and breast tissue samples using inductive coupled plasma (ICP)-spectrometer. The present results showed a significant increase in urine and tissue cadmium concentrations and urine copper concentration in cancerous patients compared to their corresponding non-cancerous ones (p < 0.05). Also, there was a significant reduction in iron concentration in urine samples of cancerous group compared to their corresponding non-cancerous one (p < 0.05). On the other hand, lead had no significant difference between cancerous and non cancerous groups but it was generally high in the tissue samples while zinc had no significant difference between studied groups. It could be concluded that the present study posits a causal association between cadmium and copper increase with reduction of iron and breast cancer. were more prevalent in women. The present study is designed to find out the role of some toxic heavy metals (cadmium, iron, copper, lead and zinc) in induction of breast cancer in-vivo. Materials and Methods This study was carried out on 100 female patients attending to the Oncology Center, Mansoura University, Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt during the period from December 2008 till December 2009. Their ages ranged from 30-70 years. Relevant information was obtained from each patient before surgery regarding residence, occupational history, smoking habits and reproductive history. Patients with positive family history of breast cancer were excluded from the study. Informed consent was obtained from each patient. Study groups Patients were divided into two groups. A cancerous group (75 female patients) with histologically confirmed breast cancer lesions. A non-cancerous group (25 female patients) with non risky non proliferative benign breast diseases that served as a control group. Study design According to Ionescu [11], 10 ml urine sample and 10 gm of breast adipose tissue were obtained from each patient. Samples were Jour n a l o f C linical T o x ic o log y

Research paper thumbnail of Child deaths from family violence in Dakahlia and Damiatta Governorates, Egypt

Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine, 2009

This retrospective study evaluated 41 cases of child deaths child deaths of both sexes from famil... more This retrospective study evaluated 41 cases of child deaths child deaths of both sexes from family violence and autopsied at Mansoura Morgue of Forensic Medicine Institute from 1996 to 2005. According to their ages, children were divided into four groups as follow: &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;3 years; 3-6 years; 6-9 years and 9-12 years. Some socio-demographic parameters concerning the perpetrators were investigated such as level of education of fathers, parent marital status and residence. Also, the cause of violence and the manner of deaths were recorded. Results revealed that the highest incidence of children deaths was between 3 and 6 years (39.0%) and the lowest incidence was between 9 and 12 years (4.9%). The majority of perpetrators were males (75.62%); they comprised children fathers in 60.98%, while female perpetrators represented 24.39%; they comprised the children mothers in 7.32%. Fathers who lived in rural areas represented 75.6% and 24.4% in urban areas. Regarding the level of education of fathers of decedent children, 36.6% were illiterate, 17.1% were highly educated and 46.3% were less than high school education. The marital status of those parents were as follows: separated couples (51.2%), still married couples (22.0%); fathers with multiple wives (26.8%). Blunt trauma in abusive manner was the most common form (63.4%). It was concluded that some socio-demographic parameters are considered risk factors related to intrafamilial violence and it should be considered by Family Planning Programs to estimate the magnitude of this problem in our community on a large scale, offering psychological assessment and assurance for risky perpetrators aiming to prevent such fatal child abuse crimes.

Research paper thumbnail of Silver Nanoparticles Genotoxicity on Normal Human Melanocyte Cell Line (HBF-4 cells)

Zagazig Journal of Forensic Medicine

Background:Nanotechnology has been rapidly used in diverse consumer products in both medical and ... more Background:Nanotechnology has been rapidly used in diverse consumer products in both medical and industrial fields; which has raised various concerns. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are one of the most widely used nanomaterials due to their excellent broad-spectrum antibacterial properties. However the studies on their cyto-and geno-toxic effects are scarce. The present study aim to evaluate the DNA damaging effects of AgNPs and estimate the release of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) on HBF-4 normal human melanocyte cells. Methods: The study was conducted on HBF-4 cells, they will be treated with AgNPs at different levels (0.01, 0.1, 1, 10 and 100 μg/mL), LC50 was determined. Cells were then divided into two groups: the first was treated with the LC50 dose and the second was treated with 0.1 LC50 dose. DNA fragmentation assay using diphenylamine (DPA) technique and Intracellular ROS assay were measured and compared to control group. Results: Significant increases in DNA damage and release of intracellular ROS were observed on treated HBF-4 cells with LC50 and its 1/10 LC50 value in comparison to the control group. Conclusion: silver nanoparticles can induce oxidative stress and DNA damage in normal human melanocyte cells with a potential carcinogenic effect to be considered. Further investigations form their genetic alterations mechanisms are required.

Research paper thumbnail of Sexual dimorphism of foramen magnum: An Egyptian study

Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences, Jan 13, 2020

Background: Human identification is of a paramount forensic concern. It includes sex determinatio... more Background: Human identification is of a paramount forensic concern. It includes sex determination which becomes extremely complex and tricky especially in fragmentary remains. Purpose of the study: We aimed to evaluate the accuracy of ten dimensions of foramen magnum (FM) and occipital condyles in determination of sex among 367 subjects (204 females and 163 males), their ages ranged between 18-75 years. Multislice Computed Tomography images of skulls of the studied patients were obtained from the Radiology Department. Ten different anatomical variables of the FM were measured by two independent experienced radiologists blinded to the study. Results: FM dimensions are unique and show significant sexual dimorphism in the studied Egyptian population especially with application of discriminant function analysis. These landmarks include foramen magnum length and width (FML, FMW), FM index, FM area, length of the right and left occipital condyles (LROC, LLOC), width of the right occipital condyle (WROC), maximum bicondylar distance (MBD) and minimum intercondylar distance (MnICD). LROC and FMW are highly significant discriminating variables predicting sex. Conclusions: It is concluded that all the studied FM parameters showed significant differences between males and females except the left occipital condylar width with higher male values when compared to females. Additionally, the right occipital condylar length and FM width are highly significant discriminating variables which are strongly beneficial in prediction of sex. FM dimensions would provide a reliable additional tool for identification of sex among adult population and could be specific for Egyptians in case of fragmentary remains or damaged skulls.

Research paper thumbnail of Testicular dysfunction in malathion induced toxicity in male rats: Protective role of NAC and Silymarin

Mansoura Journal of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of Obidoxime Therapy on Cholinesterase Enzymes' Reactivation in Clinically Diagnosed Patients With Acute Organophosphate Toxicity

Mansoura Journal of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology

Organophosphorus poisoning has significant clinical importance, especially in the developing coun... more Organophosphorus poisoning has significant clinical importance, especially in the developing countries, due to its major health consequences. The study evaluated role of obidoxime in reactivation of cholinesterase (ACHE, BuCHE) enzymes in acute organophosphorus (OP) intoxicated patients. It was conducted on group I: 50 patients received obidoxime therapy after acute OP intoxication, and group II: 50 patients did not receive obidoxime. Patients were subjected to neurological evaluation, determination of ACHE and BuCHE levels. Results revealed that there were statistically significant differences between both groups regarding clinical outcomes, with variability of significance regarding initial and final levels of cholinesterase enzymes. It was concluded that BuCHE enzymes' levels can be considered sensitive biomarker for OP exposure and severity, while, ACHE activity reflected the recovery.

Research paper thumbnail of Skeletal Maturation Using Cervical Vertebrae Versus Dental Age For Age Estimation

Mansoura Journal of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology

In forensic science, few data exist regarding cervical vertebrae stages for age estimation, meanw... more In forensic science, few data exist regarding cervical vertebrae stages for age estimation, meanwhile, teeth are frequently used to estimate age. The present study tested the cervical vertebrae skeletal maturation as an indicator for chronological age. A total of 149 radiographs (68 boys and 81 girls) were analyzed. Their ages ranged from 5.94-18.00 years. Cervical vertebral skeletal maturation (CVM) staging and dental age estimation by Willem's method were estimated. Results show that there is significant correlation between dental age, CVM and chronological age. However, CVM staging is not accurate to depend on solely for age estimation especially in forensic investigations. Willem's method underestimated age by 0.01 years in girls and 0.16 years in boys. It can be concluded that CVM can give rough idea about age and accuracy will be enhanced if combined with dental age estimation.

Research paper thumbnail of Bisphenol-A and Risk of Obesity Among A Sample of Egyptian Children: Role of Adiponectin as Biomarker of Exposure

Mansoura Journal of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology

Bisphenol-A (BPA) is one of the commonest chemicals used in the manufacturing of plastics. Childh... more Bisphenol-A (BPA) is one of the commonest chemicals used in the manufacturing of plastics. Childhood obesity is one of the most serious public health challenges of the 21 st century that affects many low-and middle-income countries, including Egypt. This study was conducted to correlate between BPA exposure and risk of obesity in a sample of Egyptian children and to find out whether adiponectin (ADP) can be utilized as an exposure biomarker or not. This study was conducted on 80 children. They were divided into two groups according to their body mass index (BMI): Study group included 40 obese children (BMI ≥ 95 th percentile), and control group included 40 normal-weight children (BMI 5 th-85 th percentile). Levels of urinary BPA and serum ADP were estimated using HPLC and ELISA respectively. The study revealed that statistically significant increase in mean adjusted urinary BPA levels (P < 0.001) and serum ADP levels (P < 0.001) between study and control groups. Within the study group, a statistically significant positive correlation was found between urinary BPA levels and BMI (r = 0.956), meanwhile, statistically significant negative correlations were found between urinary BPA levels and serum ADP levels, as well, serum ADP levels and BMI (r=-0.947,-0.984 respectively). Binary logistic regression analysis showed that odds ratio for serum ADP level was 0.146 with 95% CI: 0.003-0.66, P=0.012. Significant increased risk for obesity among BPA exposed children was found and ADP can be used as a predictor biological marker for BPA-induced obesity.

Research paper thumbnail of Prediction of Stature and Gender From Foot Measurements: Egyptian Versus Malaysian

Mansoura Journal of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology

Research paper thumbnail of Detection of Pregabalin in Urine Using Thin Layer Chromatography: An Egyptian Study

Mansoura Journal of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology

Research paper thumbnail of Cholinesterase Enzymes as Predictors for Severity Among Acutely Organophosphorus Intoxicated Patients

Mansoura Journal of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology

Organophosphorus pesticides are considered a major human health concern, primarily in developing ... more Organophosphorus pesticides are considered a major human health concern, primarily in developing countries. Acute toxicity of these compounds is known to have serious health consequences. The study aimed to assess the role of cholinesterase enzymes (acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase) as predictors for severity following acute OP intoxication immediately after admission, using Peradeniya Organophosphorus Poisoning (POP) clinical severity scoring. It was conducted on fifty patients recruited from Mansoura University Emergency Hospital with history of acute exposure to organophosphorus compounds (OPCs). Detection of OP toxicity was done using thin layer chromatography (TLC) technique; assessment of severity of OP poisoning was done using Peradeniya Organophosphorus Poisoning (POP) scale; and estimating ACHE and BuCHE levels that was done using microlab auto-analyzer. No statistically significant associations were found between initial ACHE enzyme levels and POP severity scoring (p=0.075), meanwhile, initial BuCHE levels were significantly associated with POP severity scoring (p=0.045). Thus, measurement of BuCHE enzyme on admission is a sensitive biomarker for acute OP exposure and severity. Although ACHE enzyme is considered a specific biomarker for diagnosis of OP toxicity, it cannot be considered a sensitive biomarker for severity.

Research paper thumbnail of Age Estimation from Ossification of the Medial Clavicular Epiphysis by Computed Tomography

International Journal of Morphology, 2015

The current study intended to evaluate the accuracy of age estimation from the development of the... more The current study intended to evaluate the accuracy of age estimation from the development of the medial clavicular epiphysis (sternal end of the clavicle) in Egyptian population using computed tomography (CT) and to develop a discriminant formula that can be used in Egyptians. The study was conducted on 142 subjects (84 males and 58 females) after taken informed consent. They were subjected to multi-slice CT on the medial end of clavicles of both sides. The results revealed that the age of non-union was seen at 8-17 years; incomplete union at 15-20 years and complete union was seen at 20 years. It is concluded that the ossification of medial clavicular end could be used for age estimation. Also CT is a good visualization tool to be used. Regression analysis for each and both clavicles in both sexes is specific to Egyptian population and should be used after validation of the results in other ones. The study recommended using stage 1 to be <17 years; stage 2 to be >15 years; Stage 3 to be >15 years; stage 4 of maturation to be >19 years and stage 5 to be >21 years.

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluation of procalcitonin postmortem levels in some models of death: An experimental study

Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine, 2015

Post-mortem determination of biochemical parameters, especially for obscure cases, has been recog... more Post-mortem determination of biochemical parameters, especially for obscure cases, has been recognized useful in diagnosis of the underlying causes of death. Procalcitonin (PCT) is known to rise in a response to any proinflammatory stimulus. The present study aims to estimate postmortem PCT levels in serum and kidney, liver, brain; and whether it is similar in different causes of death models (trauma, drowning and freezing) models or not. The study was performed on 60 male rabbits. Rabbits were divided into four different death induced models (15 rabbit each): trauma, infection, drowning and freezing models. At the end of the study, all rabbits were sacrificed; blood samples, kidneys, livers and brains were collected. PCT was measured using ELISA assay. Results showed highly significant increase in PCT levels in all tested samples in different models of death. The infection induced model showed the highest levels in all tested samples compared to other groups mainly in liver; followed by trauma model and drowning model which were increased mainly in brain&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s samples. The least model which showed increased PCT levels was the freezing model mainly in liver samples. Post Hoc multiple comparisons test showed significant differences between groups in most of liver, brain and kidney samples, while PCT serum blood samples were significant only between trauma and infection groups. It was concluded that PCT can differentiate between sepsis and non-sepsis related deaths and that organs like liver, kidney and brain PCT levels could be an alternative to serum PCT for the diagnosis of postmortem sepsis.

Research paper thumbnail of Possible Effects of Metallosis on Spermatozoal Apoptotic Genes Expression in Individuals with Intramedullary Nailing Prosthesis

Biological Trace Element Research, 2014

Seminal quality could be affected by metallosis caused by intramedullary nailing (IMN). Our objec... more Seminal quality could be affected by metallosis caused by intramedullary nailing (IMN). Our objectives were to estimate metal ion levels in the seminal plasma of subjects with IMN, to determine their effects on semen parameters and on spermatozoal apoptotic gene expression, and to determine whether these expressed genes could be used as candidate biomarkers of seminal deterioration in individuals with IMN or not. Semen samples were collected from 60 subjects with IMN and 30 age-matched healthy controls. Seminal plasma contents of cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), and molybdenum (Mo) were assayed. Spermatozoal Bcl-2 and Bax gene expressions were determined. Studied semen parameters were significantly lower in subjects with IMN for ≥5 years in relation to controls while the concentrations of Co, Cr, and Mo in the seminal plasma samples were significantly higher. There were significantly lower spermatozoal Bcl-2 expression, higher Bax expression, and lower Bcl-2/Bax ratio in subjects with IMN for ≥5 years than in controls. In subjects with IMN for ≥5 years, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis of studied gene expressions and Bcl-2/Bax ratio were done showing priority of the ratio with 86.7 % sensitivity, 100 % specificity, 100 % positive predictive value, and 93.8 % negative predictive value at cutoff values ≤0.777. Co, Cr, and Mo metals are found at high concentrations in the seminal plasma of individuals with IMN leading to increased spermatozoal apoptotic activity. Spermatozoal Bcl-2/Bax ratio could be used as a candidate biomarker of reproductive disorders in individuals with intramedullary nailing.

Research paper thumbnail of DNA Fragmentation, Caspase 3 and Prostate-Specific Antigen Genes Expression Induced by Arsenic, Cadmium, and Chromium on Nontumorigenic Human Prostate Cells

Biological Trace Element Research, 2014

Your article is protected by copyright and all rights are held exclusively by Springer Science +B... more Your article is protected by copyright and all rights are held exclusively by Springer Science +Business Media New York. This e-offprint is for personal use only and shall not be selfarchived in electronic repositories. If you wish to self-archive your article, please use the accepted manuscript version for posting on your own website. You may further deposit the accepted manuscript version in any repository, provided it is only made publicly available 12 months after official publication or later and provided acknowledgement is given to the original source of publication and a link is inserted to the published article on Springer's website. The link must be accompanied by the following text: "The final publication is available at link.springer.com".

Research paper thumbnail of Chronic Toxicity of Some Heavy Metals and Breast Cancer in Egyptian Females

Journal of Clinical Toxicology, 2011

Heavy metals as environmental pollutants have been recognized to have a role in induction of mali... more Heavy metals as environmental pollutants have been recognized to have a role in induction of malignant human growths. Recently, certain heavy metals showed a close association to breast cancer. This research was conducted to find out the role of some toxic heavy metals (cadmium, iron, copper, lead and zinc) in induction of breast cancer in-vivo. The study was carried out on 100 female patients: 75 with breast cancer (cancerous group) and 25 with benign breast diseases (non-cancerous group). Patients were chosen from those attending to the Oncology Center, Mansoura University. Heavy metals concentrations were measured in the urine and breast tissue samples using inductive coupled plasma (ICP)-spectrometer. The present results showed a significant increase in urine and tissue cadmium concentrations and urine copper concentration in cancerous patients compared to their corresponding non-cancerous ones (p < 0.05). Also, there was a significant reduction in iron concentration in urine samples of cancerous group compared to their corresponding non-cancerous one (p < 0.05). On the other hand, lead had no significant difference between cancerous and non cancerous groups but it was generally high in the tissue samples while zinc had no significant difference between studied groups. It could be concluded that the present study posits a causal association between cadmium and copper increase with reduction of iron and breast cancer. were more prevalent in women. The present study is designed to find out the role of some toxic heavy metals (cadmium, iron, copper, lead and zinc) in induction of breast cancer in-vivo. Materials and Methods This study was carried out on 100 female patients attending to the Oncology Center, Mansoura University, Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt during the period from December 2008 till December 2009. Their ages ranged from 30-70 years. Relevant information was obtained from each patient before surgery regarding residence, occupational history, smoking habits and reproductive history. Patients with positive family history of breast cancer were excluded from the study. Informed consent was obtained from each patient. Study groups Patients were divided into two groups. A cancerous group (75 female patients) with histologically confirmed breast cancer lesions. A non-cancerous group (25 female patients) with non risky non proliferative benign breast diseases that served as a control group. Study design According to Ionescu [11], 10 ml urine sample and 10 gm of breast adipose tissue were obtained from each patient. Samples were Jour n a l o f C linical T o x ic o log y

Research paper thumbnail of Child deaths from family violence in Dakahlia and Damiatta Governorates, Egypt

Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine, 2009

This retrospective study evaluated 41 cases of child deaths child deaths of both sexes from famil... more This retrospective study evaluated 41 cases of child deaths child deaths of both sexes from family violence and autopsied at Mansoura Morgue of Forensic Medicine Institute from 1996 to 2005. According to their ages, children were divided into four groups as follow: &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;3 years; 3-6 years; 6-9 years and 9-12 years. Some socio-demographic parameters concerning the perpetrators were investigated such as level of education of fathers, parent marital status and residence. Also, the cause of violence and the manner of deaths were recorded. Results revealed that the highest incidence of children deaths was between 3 and 6 years (39.0%) and the lowest incidence was between 9 and 12 years (4.9%). The majority of perpetrators were males (75.62%); they comprised children fathers in 60.98%, while female perpetrators represented 24.39%; they comprised the children mothers in 7.32%. Fathers who lived in rural areas represented 75.6% and 24.4% in urban areas. Regarding the level of education of fathers of decedent children, 36.6% were illiterate, 17.1% were highly educated and 46.3% were less than high school education. The marital status of those parents were as follows: separated couples (51.2%), still married couples (22.0%); fathers with multiple wives (26.8%). Blunt trauma in abusive manner was the most common form (63.4%). It was concluded that some socio-demographic parameters are considered risk factors related to intrafamilial violence and it should be considered by Family Planning Programs to estimate the magnitude of this problem in our community on a large scale, offering psychological assessment and assurance for risky perpetrators aiming to prevent such fatal child abuse crimes.

Research paper thumbnail of Silver Nanoparticles Genotoxicity on Normal Human Melanocyte Cell Line (HBF-4 cells)

Zagazig Journal of Forensic Medicine

Background:Nanotechnology has been rapidly used in diverse consumer products in both medical and ... more Background:Nanotechnology has been rapidly used in diverse consumer products in both medical and industrial fields; which has raised various concerns. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are one of the most widely used nanomaterials due to their excellent broad-spectrum antibacterial properties. However the studies on their cyto-and geno-toxic effects are scarce. The present study aim to evaluate the DNA damaging effects of AgNPs and estimate the release of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) on HBF-4 normal human melanocyte cells. Methods: The study was conducted on HBF-4 cells, they will be treated with AgNPs at different levels (0.01, 0.1, 1, 10 and 100 μg/mL), LC50 was determined. Cells were then divided into two groups: the first was treated with the LC50 dose and the second was treated with 0.1 LC50 dose. DNA fragmentation assay using diphenylamine (DPA) technique and Intracellular ROS assay were measured and compared to control group. Results: Significant increases in DNA damage and release of intracellular ROS were observed on treated HBF-4 cells with LC50 and its 1/10 LC50 value in comparison to the control group. Conclusion: silver nanoparticles can induce oxidative stress and DNA damage in normal human melanocyte cells with a potential carcinogenic effect to be considered. Further investigations form their genetic alterations mechanisms are required.

Research paper thumbnail of Sexual dimorphism of foramen magnum: An Egyptian study

Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences, Jan 13, 2020

Background: Human identification is of a paramount forensic concern. It includes sex determinatio... more Background: Human identification is of a paramount forensic concern. It includes sex determination which becomes extremely complex and tricky especially in fragmentary remains. Purpose of the study: We aimed to evaluate the accuracy of ten dimensions of foramen magnum (FM) and occipital condyles in determination of sex among 367 subjects (204 females and 163 males), their ages ranged between 18-75 years. Multislice Computed Tomography images of skulls of the studied patients were obtained from the Radiology Department. Ten different anatomical variables of the FM were measured by two independent experienced radiologists blinded to the study. Results: FM dimensions are unique and show significant sexual dimorphism in the studied Egyptian population especially with application of discriminant function analysis. These landmarks include foramen magnum length and width (FML, FMW), FM index, FM area, length of the right and left occipital condyles (LROC, LLOC), width of the right occipital condyle (WROC), maximum bicondylar distance (MBD) and minimum intercondylar distance (MnICD). LROC and FMW are highly significant discriminating variables predicting sex. Conclusions: It is concluded that all the studied FM parameters showed significant differences between males and females except the left occipital condylar width with higher male values when compared to females. Additionally, the right occipital condylar length and FM width are highly significant discriminating variables which are strongly beneficial in prediction of sex. FM dimensions would provide a reliable additional tool for identification of sex among adult population and could be specific for Egyptians in case of fragmentary remains or damaged skulls.