John vercellotti | Marquette University (original) (raw)

Papers by John vercellotti

Journal of Carbohydrate Chemistry, 1996

ABSTRACT

ChemInform, Aug 20, 2010

ABSTRACT ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance t... more ABSTRACT ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Oct 17, 1998

Stress proteins are induced in plants in response to environmental changes in temperature, oxygen... more Stress proteins are induced in plants in response to environmental changes in temperature, oxygen, or water levels. It was hypothesized that stress proteins occur in peanut seeds during maturation and curing because these processes are known to be associated with water deficit and anaerobic metabolism in peanut seeds. To test this hypothesis, a polyclonal antibody against dehydrin, a plant stress protein, was used. Immunoblot analyses showed that a number of dehydrin-related stress proteins were detected in peanut seeds of different maturity and curing stages. Of these, only two were induced during seed curing and maturation. One (protein a) is potentially a peanut maturity marker because it was shown to occur only in uncured fully mature seeds. Immunoblot analyses of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), an enzyme known to be induced in mature peanut seeds, showed that ADH was not recognized by the antibody. This suggests that ADH is probably not related to protein a or dehydrin.

Elsevier eBooks, 1992

SUMMARY The research described herein discusses the findings on crab chitosan, although similar m... more SUMMARY The research described herein discusses the findings on crab chitosan, although similar modifications of shrimp and crawfish chitosan have been made in our laboratory. The effectiveness of NCMC to inhibit lipid oxidation reactions that are catalyzed by metals and the preservation of the desireable cooked beef brothy flavor have been demonstrated. In particular, NCMC as a chelating polysaccharide has been shown to possess a high activity to control those peculiar reactions in meat. The chemical and descriptive sensory analysis for the ground beef to which NCMC was added showed that the oxidative chemistry was controlled and that the flavor aromatics were preserved for the valuable beef flavor. In other words, the data showed that the patties that contained the NCMC did not develop flavor deterioration. For future research we would encourage polysaccharide synthetic and natural product chemists to be aware of this flavor stabilizing effect of chelating polysaccharides and to search for new possibilities to enhance such free radical control activity. In addition, due to health concerns such as cholesterol, markets are being lost that can only be solved by risking changes in meat flavor. We have concentrated on beef in our research but our explorations are applicable to many other meat and seafood types. Our findings should also be useful for the development of new edible products and better utilization of the surpluses presently on hand.

Pharmacological Research Communications, Apr 1, 1979

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Feb 1, 1977

Ten Bacteroides species found in the human colon were surveyed for their ability to ferment mucin... more Ten Bacteroides species found in the human colon were surveyed for their ability to ferment mucins and plant polysaccharides ("dietary fiber"). A number of strains fermented mucopolysaccharides (heparin, hyaluronate, and chondroitin sulfate) and ovomucoid. Only 3 of the 188 strains tested fermented beef submaxillary mucin, and none fermented porcine gastric mucin. Many of the Bacteroides strains tested were also able to ferment a variety of plant polysaccharides, including amylose, dextran, pectin, gum tragacanth, gum guar, larch arabinogalactan, alginate, and laminarin. Some plant polysaccharides, such as gum arabic, gum karaya, gum ghatti, and fucoidan, were not utilized by any of the strains tested. The ability to utilize mucins and plant polysaccharides varied considerably among the Bacteroides species tested.

In the summer of 1958 Dr. Norman E. Hoffman of the chemistry department of Marquette University f... more In the summer of 1958 Dr. Norman E. Hoffman of the chemistry department of Marquette University found that myrtenal could be decarbonylated by means of palladium on powdered charcoal catalyst. On the assumption that an alpha-beta unsaturated aryl aldehyde might be decarbonylated as readily or more so than myrtenal, Dr. Hoffman heated cinnamaldehyde in the presence of palladium on powdered charcoal. A gas was evolved. The product of reaction was proven to be styrene. Several questions arose about this decarbonylation of cinnamaldehyde to obtain a yield of styrene. What yields of styrenes could be obtained from the catalytic decarbonylations of other cinnamaldehydes? Whad effect would ring-substitution have upon the decarbonylation of cinnamaldehydes? Would it be possible to synthesize ring substituted cinnamaldehydes for use in decarbonylation by a practicable method

PubMed, Dec 1, 1998

An immobilized Galalpha1-3Gal-bearing affinity ligand was prepared as a possible prophylactic bin... more An immobilized Galalpha1-3Gal-bearing affinity ligand was prepared as a possible prophylactic binding site of human anti-(Galalpha1-3Gal) antibodies for the prevention of hyperacute rejection of pig xenografts. lambda-Carrageenan, a natural polysaccharide known to possess alternately alpha1-3 and beta1-4-linked D-galactopyranose sulphate residues, was selectively degraded by acetolysis and subsequently deacetylated to obtain lambda-carrageenan oligosaccharides. The resulting syrup was ultrafiltered to remove higher polymers and chromatographed on Sephadex G-15 to produce a series of sized oligosaccharide fractions. An immuno-dot-blot method was established on the basis of the competition between the lambda-carrageenan oligosaccharides in solution and bovine thyroglobulin (BTG), a glycoprotein known to express the Galalpha1-3Gal marker, as the solid-phase antigen. Increasing amounts of lambda-carrageenan fractions added to normal human plasma resulted in a progressive decrease in Galalpha1-3Gal-specific human IgM and IgG binding to BTG. Complete inhibition of Galalpha1-3Gal-specific human immunoglobulin was attained at concentrations less than 0.6 mg of carbohydrate/ml of human plasma with the more active fractions. These bioactive lambda-carrageenan oligosaccharides were immobilized on hydrazide-modified microporous nylon membranes, yielding capacities between 2.18 and 2.86 mg/ml of membrane. A subsequent decrease in the human anti-(Galalpha1-3Gal) antibody level in normal human plasma was demonstrated and proved with the established immuno-dot-blot procedure.

Carbohydrate Research, Jul 1, 1980

A comparative investigation of the individual protein-bound carbohydrate components and the distr... more A comparative investigation of the individual protein-bound carbohydrate components and the distribution of carbohydrates in the electrophoretic glycoprotein fractions was carried out in sera from 20 normal subjects and 30 schizophrenic patients matched for age and sex. The mean concentration of each of the protein-bound carbohydrate components was significantly elevated in schizophrenics. The electrophoretic patterns for serum glycoprotein showed increases in alpha-2 and beta globulins in schizophrenics. The serum glycoproteins contained glucose and L-arabinose, in addition to mannose, galactose, fucose, sialic acid, and a trace of xylose. The identity of glucose and arabinose was confirmed by g.l.c.-electron-impact mass spectrometry and by specific enzymic reactions. The contents of glucose and arabinose were higher in serum glycoproteins from schizophrenic patients. This elevation of serum glycoprotein paralleled serum glycosaminoglycan elevation previously reported by us, but was opposite to decrease of urinary glycoprotein in schizophrenics.

Food Chemistry, 1994

composition, descriptive sensory properties and gas chromatographic volatiles. Roasted peanutty f... more composition, descriptive sensory properties and gas chromatographic volatiles. Roasted peanutty flavor was more intense in USA-grown peanuts, and fruity/fermented, an undesirable flavor, was less intense in USA-grown peanuts than peanuts from the other two origins. Flavor attributes in Argentina-grown peanuts varied more among crop years than the others. Similar patterns occurred for the corresponding volatile compounds. Sugar content was greater, while lipid and Kjeldahl nitrogen contents were less in the Argentina-grown peanuts than peanuts from the other two origins.

Carbohydrate Research, 1979

Milling of szigarcane (Saccharzim oflcinarzrm) produces a jziice containing sucrose, other solubl... more Milling of szigarcane (Saccharzim oflcinarzrm) produces a jziice containing sucrose, other soluble materials inclziding high molecular weight poly~neric colorants and polysaccharides, and particulates in suspension. 7he extraneozi.s nznterial in sugarcane jzrice is implicated in jhzrling of membranes nnd loss of eflciency of membrane jiltmtion processes. Stztdies of the colloidal chemistry of szrgarcane juice components, reported herein, have shown that sugarcane jziice components may forin very high moleczilar uaight aggregates responsible for membrane fuziling. Removal of tightly held, colloidal~v suspended yarticzilates in sugar juices or syrups by physical means bejore membrane Jiltration is importcint to ensure reduction of colorants and crystallization inhibitors. Clarified jziice was centrifiiged by means of a high speed disk-stack centrifuge to remove ~ne~nbrane jbziling materials. The disk-stack centriftige removed some 65% of colloidally suspended solids .fi'om the clariJied sugarcane sy~np. Fltix rates of membrane colloidal .filters were increased more than twice with concomitant decrease in cycle times for Jiltrates. Subfractionation of the centrijirge effluent by me~nbr~lne nominal ~noleczilar weight ctitoff types afSorded enriched high polymer, and per~neates of lower moleczilar weight colorant or components which were .further analyzed by gel permeation chi.omatography, compositional cmalysi!~, and nziclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Ke.vwortls : Membranes, zlltraJltration, tzirbidity, centrifugation, clarijler juice, sugarcane

ABSTRACT A colorimetric microtiter plate assay amplified by aldehyde dehydrogenase, in the presen... more ABSTRACT A colorimetric microtiter plate assay amplified by aldehyde dehydrogenase, in the presence of alcohol dehydrogenase, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, diaphorase, and p-iodanitrotetrazolium violet was developed for detection of protein-bound apparent ethanol (i.e., ethanol and other primary alcohols) in peanuts of differing maturity and curing (stackpole) stages. Data showed that at each curing stage mature peanuts had a lower level of protein-bound ethanol than immature peanuts and that at each maturity stage the level of protein-bound ethanol decreased during curing. This change in the level of protein-bound ethanol suggests that peanut maturity and curing have an effect on the binding of ethanol to peanut proteins. The implication of this is that the extent of flavor binding might contribute to the consequent difference in flavors between mature/cured and immature/cured peanuts.

Journal of Food Science, Nov 1, 1993

Samples of dried filled milk (DFM) were made with several vegetable fats and compared with dried ... more Samples of dried filled milk (DFM) were made with several vegetable fats and compared with dried milk. Several specially prepared vegetble oils, such as Trisun HS-500, hydrogenated cottonseed oil and hydrogenated coconut oil could impart stability to the DFM as high as that imparted by milk fat to conventional dried milk. Stability could be further enhanced by appropriate antioxidant and storage conditions. The simple technique of measuring oxygen consumption by the DFM was as effective as flavor evaluation, gas chromatography of volatiles, or spectroscopy for screening large numbers of samples or as a quality control procedure.

Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, Dec 1, 1991

The effect of curing temperature on composition of peanut seed and paste was determined by analyz... more The effect of curing temperature on composition of peanut seed and paste was determined by analyzing for the reaction precursors of roasted flavor such as a-amino nitrogen, protein, and sugars. The data showed that seed cured at 8.4 and 168°C above ambient air temperature contained higher amounts of a-amino nitrogen than peanut cured at ambient temperature. The temperature effect was more pronounced on less mature seed than on mature seed Curing temperature had no effect on total protein, and soluble-and insoluble-carbohydrate content of the seed. However, higher curing temperatures caused a reduction in the arachin polymer content and also loss of three polypeptides with molecular weights of 35,000 and 25,000 Da, and isoelectric points between 5.1 and 5.3, and 5.8 and 6.4, respectively. Q 1991 Academic press, IIIC.

Journal of Organic Chemistry, Nov 1, 1964

ABSTRACT

Carbohydrate Research, Aug 1, 1970

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Oct 1, 1978

Concentrations of water-soluble high- and low-molecular-weight carbohydrates were determined in t... more Concentrations of water-soluble high- and low-molecular-weight carbohydrates were determined in the intestinal contents of four human subjects who had died accidentally. In all four subjects, concentrations of high-molecular-weight carbohydrate were lower throughout the colon than in the ileum. In some subjects, similar but less dramatic differences were also found with low-molecular-weight carbohydrate. Components of both high- and low-molecular-weight peaks included neutral sugars such as rhamnose, galactose, mannose, xylose, and arabinose, which are found in many plant polysaccharides. Components characteristic of mucins (fucose, hexosamines, and sialic acids) were also detected. These results indicate that dietary fiber and mucin are degraded in the human colon.

Journal of Carbohydrate Chemistry, 1996

ABSTRACT

ChemInform, Aug 20, 2010

ABSTRACT ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance t... more ABSTRACT ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Oct 17, 1998

Stress proteins are induced in plants in response to environmental changes in temperature, oxygen... more Stress proteins are induced in plants in response to environmental changes in temperature, oxygen, or water levels. It was hypothesized that stress proteins occur in peanut seeds during maturation and curing because these processes are known to be associated with water deficit and anaerobic metabolism in peanut seeds. To test this hypothesis, a polyclonal antibody against dehydrin, a plant stress protein, was used. Immunoblot analyses showed that a number of dehydrin-related stress proteins were detected in peanut seeds of different maturity and curing stages. Of these, only two were induced during seed curing and maturation. One (protein a) is potentially a peanut maturity marker because it was shown to occur only in uncured fully mature seeds. Immunoblot analyses of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), an enzyme known to be induced in mature peanut seeds, showed that ADH was not recognized by the antibody. This suggests that ADH is probably not related to protein a or dehydrin.

Elsevier eBooks, 1992

SUMMARY The research described herein discusses the findings on crab chitosan, although similar m... more SUMMARY The research described herein discusses the findings on crab chitosan, although similar modifications of shrimp and crawfish chitosan have been made in our laboratory. The effectiveness of NCMC to inhibit lipid oxidation reactions that are catalyzed by metals and the preservation of the desireable cooked beef brothy flavor have been demonstrated. In particular, NCMC as a chelating polysaccharide has been shown to possess a high activity to control those peculiar reactions in meat. The chemical and descriptive sensory analysis for the ground beef to which NCMC was added showed that the oxidative chemistry was controlled and that the flavor aromatics were preserved for the valuable beef flavor. In other words, the data showed that the patties that contained the NCMC did not develop flavor deterioration. For future research we would encourage polysaccharide synthetic and natural product chemists to be aware of this flavor stabilizing effect of chelating polysaccharides and to search for new possibilities to enhance such free radical control activity. In addition, due to health concerns such as cholesterol, markets are being lost that can only be solved by risking changes in meat flavor. We have concentrated on beef in our research but our explorations are applicable to many other meat and seafood types. Our findings should also be useful for the development of new edible products and better utilization of the surpluses presently on hand.

Pharmacological Research Communications, Apr 1, 1979

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Feb 1, 1977

Ten Bacteroides species found in the human colon were surveyed for their ability to ferment mucin... more Ten Bacteroides species found in the human colon were surveyed for their ability to ferment mucins and plant polysaccharides ("dietary fiber"). A number of strains fermented mucopolysaccharides (heparin, hyaluronate, and chondroitin sulfate) and ovomucoid. Only 3 of the 188 strains tested fermented beef submaxillary mucin, and none fermented porcine gastric mucin. Many of the Bacteroides strains tested were also able to ferment a variety of plant polysaccharides, including amylose, dextran, pectin, gum tragacanth, gum guar, larch arabinogalactan, alginate, and laminarin. Some plant polysaccharides, such as gum arabic, gum karaya, gum ghatti, and fucoidan, were not utilized by any of the strains tested. The ability to utilize mucins and plant polysaccharides varied considerably among the Bacteroides species tested.

In the summer of 1958 Dr. Norman E. Hoffman of the chemistry department of Marquette University f... more In the summer of 1958 Dr. Norman E. Hoffman of the chemistry department of Marquette University found that myrtenal could be decarbonylated by means of palladium on powdered charcoal catalyst. On the assumption that an alpha-beta unsaturated aryl aldehyde might be decarbonylated as readily or more so than myrtenal, Dr. Hoffman heated cinnamaldehyde in the presence of palladium on powdered charcoal. A gas was evolved. The product of reaction was proven to be styrene. Several questions arose about this decarbonylation of cinnamaldehyde to obtain a yield of styrene. What yields of styrenes could be obtained from the catalytic decarbonylations of other cinnamaldehydes? Whad effect would ring-substitution have upon the decarbonylation of cinnamaldehydes? Would it be possible to synthesize ring substituted cinnamaldehydes for use in decarbonylation by a practicable method

PubMed, Dec 1, 1998

An immobilized Galalpha1-3Gal-bearing affinity ligand was prepared as a possible prophylactic bin... more An immobilized Galalpha1-3Gal-bearing affinity ligand was prepared as a possible prophylactic binding site of human anti-(Galalpha1-3Gal) antibodies for the prevention of hyperacute rejection of pig xenografts. lambda-Carrageenan, a natural polysaccharide known to possess alternately alpha1-3 and beta1-4-linked D-galactopyranose sulphate residues, was selectively degraded by acetolysis and subsequently deacetylated to obtain lambda-carrageenan oligosaccharides. The resulting syrup was ultrafiltered to remove higher polymers and chromatographed on Sephadex G-15 to produce a series of sized oligosaccharide fractions. An immuno-dot-blot method was established on the basis of the competition between the lambda-carrageenan oligosaccharides in solution and bovine thyroglobulin (BTG), a glycoprotein known to express the Galalpha1-3Gal marker, as the solid-phase antigen. Increasing amounts of lambda-carrageenan fractions added to normal human plasma resulted in a progressive decrease in Galalpha1-3Gal-specific human IgM and IgG binding to BTG. Complete inhibition of Galalpha1-3Gal-specific human immunoglobulin was attained at concentrations less than 0.6 mg of carbohydrate/ml of human plasma with the more active fractions. These bioactive lambda-carrageenan oligosaccharides were immobilized on hydrazide-modified microporous nylon membranes, yielding capacities between 2.18 and 2.86 mg/ml of membrane. A subsequent decrease in the human anti-(Galalpha1-3Gal) antibody level in normal human plasma was demonstrated and proved with the established immuno-dot-blot procedure.

Carbohydrate Research, Jul 1, 1980

A comparative investigation of the individual protein-bound carbohydrate components and the distr... more A comparative investigation of the individual protein-bound carbohydrate components and the distribution of carbohydrates in the electrophoretic glycoprotein fractions was carried out in sera from 20 normal subjects and 30 schizophrenic patients matched for age and sex. The mean concentration of each of the protein-bound carbohydrate components was significantly elevated in schizophrenics. The electrophoretic patterns for serum glycoprotein showed increases in alpha-2 and beta globulins in schizophrenics. The serum glycoproteins contained glucose and L-arabinose, in addition to mannose, galactose, fucose, sialic acid, and a trace of xylose. The identity of glucose and arabinose was confirmed by g.l.c.-electron-impact mass spectrometry and by specific enzymic reactions. The contents of glucose and arabinose were higher in serum glycoproteins from schizophrenic patients. This elevation of serum glycoprotein paralleled serum glycosaminoglycan elevation previously reported by us, but was opposite to decrease of urinary glycoprotein in schizophrenics.

Food Chemistry, 1994

composition, descriptive sensory properties and gas chromatographic volatiles. Roasted peanutty f... more composition, descriptive sensory properties and gas chromatographic volatiles. Roasted peanutty flavor was more intense in USA-grown peanuts, and fruity/fermented, an undesirable flavor, was less intense in USA-grown peanuts than peanuts from the other two origins. Flavor attributes in Argentina-grown peanuts varied more among crop years than the others. Similar patterns occurred for the corresponding volatile compounds. Sugar content was greater, while lipid and Kjeldahl nitrogen contents were less in the Argentina-grown peanuts than peanuts from the other two origins.

Carbohydrate Research, 1979

Milling of szigarcane (Saccharzim oflcinarzrm) produces a jziice containing sucrose, other solubl... more Milling of szigarcane (Saccharzim oflcinarzrm) produces a jziice containing sucrose, other soluble materials inclziding high molecular weight poly~neric colorants and polysaccharides, and particulates in suspension. 7he extraneozi.s nznterial in sugarcane jzrice is implicated in jhzrling of membranes nnd loss of eflciency of membrane jiltmtion processes. Stztdies of the colloidal chemistry of szrgarcane juice components, reported herein, have shown that sugarcane jziice components may forin very high moleczilar uaight aggregates responsible for membrane fuziling. Removal of tightly held, colloidal~v suspended yarticzilates in sugar juices or syrups by physical means bejore membrane Jiltration is importcint to ensure reduction of colorants and crystallization inhibitors. Clarified jziice was centrifiiged by means of a high speed disk-stack centrifuge to remove ~ne~nbrane jbziling materials. The disk-stack centriftige removed some 65% of colloidally suspended solids .fi'om the clariJied sugarcane sy~np. Fltix rates of membrane colloidal .filters were increased more than twice with concomitant decrease in cycle times for Jiltrates. Subfractionation of the centrijirge effluent by me~nbr~lne nominal ~noleczilar weight ctitoff types afSorded enriched high polymer, and per~neates of lower moleczilar weight colorant or components which were .further analyzed by gel permeation chi.omatography, compositional cmalysi!~, and nziclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Ke.vwortls : Membranes, zlltraJltration, tzirbidity, centrifugation, clarijler juice, sugarcane

ABSTRACT A colorimetric microtiter plate assay amplified by aldehyde dehydrogenase, in the presen... more ABSTRACT A colorimetric microtiter plate assay amplified by aldehyde dehydrogenase, in the presence of alcohol dehydrogenase, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, diaphorase, and p-iodanitrotetrazolium violet was developed for detection of protein-bound apparent ethanol (i.e., ethanol and other primary alcohols) in peanuts of differing maturity and curing (stackpole) stages. Data showed that at each curing stage mature peanuts had a lower level of protein-bound ethanol than immature peanuts and that at each maturity stage the level of protein-bound ethanol decreased during curing. This change in the level of protein-bound ethanol suggests that peanut maturity and curing have an effect on the binding of ethanol to peanut proteins. The implication of this is that the extent of flavor binding might contribute to the consequent difference in flavors between mature/cured and immature/cured peanuts.

Journal of Food Science, Nov 1, 1993

Samples of dried filled milk (DFM) were made with several vegetable fats and compared with dried ... more Samples of dried filled milk (DFM) were made with several vegetable fats and compared with dried milk. Several specially prepared vegetble oils, such as Trisun HS-500, hydrogenated cottonseed oil and hydrogenated coconut oil could impart stability to the DFM as high as that imparted by milk fat to conventional dried milk. Stability could be further enhanced by appropriate antioxidant and storage conditions. The simple technique of measuring oxygen consumption by the DFM was as effective as flavor evaluation, gas chromatography of volatiles, or spectroscopy for screening large numbers of samples or as a quality control procedure.

Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, Dec 1, 1991

The effect of curing temperature on composition of peanut seed and paste was determined by analyz... more The effect of curing temperature on composition of peanut seed and paste was determined by analyzing for the reaction precursors of roasted flavor such as a-amino nitrogen, protein, and sugars. The data showed that seed cured at 8.4 and 168°C above ambient air temperature contained higher amounts of a-amino nitrogen than peanut cured at ambient temperature. The temperature effect was more pronounced on less mature seed than on mature seed Curing temperature had no effect on total protein, and soluble-and insoluble-carbohydrate content of the seed. However, higher curing temperatures caused a reduction in the arachin polymer content and also loss of three polypeptides with molecular weights of 35,000 and 25,000 Da, and isoelectric points between 5.1 and 5.3, and 5.8 and 6.4, respectively. Q 1991 Academic press, IIIC.

Journal of Organic Chemistry, Nov 1, 1964

ABSTRACT

Carbohydrate Research, Aug 1, 1970

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Oct 1, 1978

Concentrations of water-soluble high- and low-molecular-weight carbohydrates were determined in t... more Concentrations of water-soluble high- and low-molecular-weight carbohydrates were determined in the intestinal contents of four human subjects who had died accidentally. In all four subjects, concentrations of high-molecular-weight carbohydrate were lower throughout the colon than in the ileum. In some subjects, similar but less dramatic differences were also found with low-molecular-weight carbohydrate. Components of both high- and low-molecular-weight peaks included neutral sugars such as rhamnose, galactose, mannose, xylose, and arabinose, which are found in many plant polysaccharides. Components characteristic of mucins (fucose, hexosamines, and sialic acids) were also detected. These results indicate that dietary fiber and mucin are degraded in the human colon.