Marc Lindberg | Marshall University (original) (raw)

Papers by Marc Lindberg

Psychological Reports, Aug 1, 1979

WUNDTIAN PSYCHOLOGY 100 YEARS LATER MARC A. LINDBERG1 St. Olaf College Srrmma7y.-The functionalis... more WUNDTIAN PSYCHOLOGY 100 YEARS LATER MARC A. LINDBERG1 St. Olaf College Srrmma7y.-The functionalist perspective rather than the structuralist perspective has dominated the study of mind throughout most of the history of psychology in America. This paper first discusses the theoretical and philosophical reasons for this domination. Then, by analyzing learning texts written over the last 27 years, it is shown that this functionalist emphasis has diminished in the last 10 years and that current treatments of learning and memory are starting to go back to a structuralist emphasis. The final section deals with some issues and problems of this current structuralist psychology and the obstacles it has to overcome if it is to be a persistent viable force within psychology.

Journal of Genetic Psychology, Mar 1, 2003

This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substantial or s... more This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution, reselling, loan, sub-licensing, systematic supply, or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The accuracy of any instructions, formulae, and drug doses should be independently verified with primary sources. The publisher shall not be liable for any loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand, or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of this material.

Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, Dec 1, 1980

ABSTRACT The hypothesis that knowledge base development is an important condition for memory deve... more ABSTRACT The hypothesis that knowledge base development is an important condition for memory development was tested in two experiments. In Experiment 1 subjects from grades K, 6, and college participated in an incidental learning task where they analyzed words according to one of four featural systems: physical, acoustic, semantic, and imagery. Large developmental differences in recall were found in the imagery and semantic conditions, small differences were observed in the acoustic conditions, and no developmental differences were found in the physical condition. Experiment 2 involved presenting college students and third graders words either from categories highly salient to third graders, e.g., cartoons, games, etc., or from corresponding Battig and Montague categories generated by college students. Free recall and clustering performances showed significant interactions, with third graders superior on the third-grade salient items, and college students superior on Battig and Montague items.

PsycTESTS Dataset, 2011

This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substantial or s... more This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution, reselling, loan, sub-licensing, systematic supply, or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The accuracy of any instructions, formulae, and drug doses should be independently verified with primary sources. The publisher shall not be liable for any loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand, or costs or damages brought to you by CORE View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk provided by Marshall University whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of this material.

International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, Jul 28, 2016

Several general theories of crime were tested with path models on 293 female prisoners in a U.S. ... more Several general theories of crime were tested with path models on 293 female prisoners in a U.S. State prison. The theories tested included Social Bond and Control, Thrill/Risk Seeking, and a new attachment-based Developmental Dynamic Systems model. A large battery of different instruments ranging from measures of risk taking, to a crime addiction scale, to Childhood Adverse Events, to attachments and clinical issues were used. The older general theories of crime did not hold up well under the rigor of path modeling. The new dynamic systems model was supported that incorporated adverse childhood events leading to (a) peer crime, (b) crime addiction, and (c) a measure derived from the Attachment and Clinical Issues Questionnaire (ACIQ) that takes individual differences in attachments and clinical issues into account. The results were discussed in terms of new approaches to Research Defined Criteria of Diagnosis (RDoC) and new approaches to intervention. Keywords female prisoners, attachment and crime, risk seeking theories of crime, social bond theories, ACIQ, RDoC diagnoses, individual versus group analyses, dynamic systems theories of crime Although there is an extensive literature proposing and testing several general theories of crime, these have been primarily developed and tested with male prisoners and delinquents. These have not, however, been as rigorously studied and tested on women

Current Psychology, Oct 20, 2015

Your article is protected by copyright and all rights are held exclusively by Springer Science+Bu... more Your article is protected by copyright and all rights are held exclusively by Springer Science+Business Media New York (outside the USA). This e-offprint is for personal use only and shall not be self-archived in electronic repositories. If you wish to self-archive your article, please use the accepted manuscript version for posting on your own website. You may further deposit the accepted manuscript version in any repository, provided it is only made publicly available 12 months after official publication or later and provided acknowledgement is given to the original source of publication and a link is inserted to the published article on Springer's website. The link must be accompanied by the following text: "The final publication is available at link.springer.com".

Journal of Addiction Medicine, Jul 1, 2015

Objectives: Although many major theories tie the addictions to specific pathways and neurochemica... more Objectives: Although many major theories tie the addictions to specific pathways and neurochemical systems evolutionarily implicated in food and social behavioral systems, there is a paucity of instruments from the psychological level that can measure these important attachment, social, and emotional counterparts. Two studies were designed to examine whether the Attachment and Clinical Issues Questionnaire (ACIQ) could help fill this limitation in psychological measurement. Methods: In study 1, the ACIQ was given to patients in a substance abuse unit and control participants funneled to match from a larger population. To address the issue of their hypothesized tendency to blame everything on past experiences, study 2 tested whether the above results would be replicated with high school students predicted to develop alcohol dependence. Results: In study 1, on the patient population, significant differences were found on the attachment and clinical scales in predicted directions. In study 2, on the high school students, the central predictions were again confirmed with this different and larger population, but with interesting developmental differences. Conclusions: The 2 studies using different populations and definitions of alcohol dependence converged on similar results. The ACIQ was found to be a robust battery for measuring attachment and clinical issues displayed by both patient populations and high school students only predicted to develop alcohol dependence. The results were further discussed in terms of how they move us toward Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) approaches to diagnosis and treatment, paying attention to important individual differences in attachments, and clinical issues.

Journal of General Psychology, Apr 1, 2014

Four studies created malingering and response bias scales for a new test battery, the Attachment ... more Four studies created malingering and response bias scales for a new test battery, the Attachment and Clinical Issues Questionnaire (ACIQ). In the first calibration study, a new approach to identifying fake good and fake bad respondents was outlined. In Study 2, this scale was cross validated in a within-subjects design that also found only weak correlations between the scales of the ACIQ and measures of social desirability. The third study developed a method violator scale (one who responds randomly to the content of the scales due to carelessness, low IQ, etc.). It was tested by Monte Carlo and empirical studies. The fourth study combined the two cross validation studies to offer clear cutoffs for the practitioner. These studies successfully led to the creation of malingering and response bias scales for the ACIQ and also introduced new methods that could be adapted to other instruments.

The Journal of Psychology, Mar 1, 2002

Recommended Citation Lindberg, M. A. (2002). The role of suggestions and personality characterist... more Recommended Citation Lindberg, M. A. (2002). The role of suggestions and personality characteristics in producing illness reports and desires for suing the responsible party. The Journal of Psychology, 136(2), 125-40.

Journal of Addiction Medicine, Dec 1, 2011

We attempted to answer the following questions: Why has the body mass index (BMI) increased so dr... more We attempted to answer the following questions: Why has the body mass index (BMI) increased so dramatically in the last 35 years? Are some food groups or additives more responsible than others? Data for per capita food production available for consumption after spoilage for different food groups and additives from the US Department of Agriculture were used as independent variables to predict BMI increases. The heights and weights were taken from the Centers for Disease Control and the US Census Bureau for the years 1970 to 2004. The additives of fats and sugars in combination, not separately, best predicted increases in BMI accounting for 97% of the variance in the linear regression analyses. When all food groups were entered into regressions to predict increases in BMI, fats and sugars in combination accounted for 96% of the variance for women and 97% for men, with the other food groups adding very little. Path analyses showed that fat and sweeteners had direct effects on BMI and were also the mediators of increased caloric consumption. In line with the major physiological theories emphasizing palatability as the addictive stimulus in models of incentives and addiction, fats and sugars in combination rather than calories per se or particular food groups accounted for the increases in BMI. These empirically based theories and data suggest that one should focus on palatability and addictive models in dealing with the increasing problem of obesity in the United States.

Physiology & Behavior, Sep 1, 1982

Flavor-toxicosis associations: Tests of three hypotheses of long delay learning. PHYSIOL. BEHAV. ... more Flavor-toxicosis associations: Tests of three hypotheses of long delay learning. PHYSIOL. BEHAV. 29(3) 439-442, 1982.-Rats were prepared with gastric cannulas and esophageal fistulas to assess the contribution of taste and smell, postingestinal stimuli, and the combination of the two in forming flavor-toxicosis associations. Groups were either given sugar water to drink, a stomach intubation of sugar water, both sugar water to drink and a stomach intubation of sugar water, or not given sugar water. The experimental and pseudo-conditioning control animals were given a LiC1 injection and the control animals were given a NaCI injection one hour later. They were tested for drinking of sugar water the next day. It was found that taste and smell are the primary stimuli for forming food aversions. Furthermore, postingestional stimuli are not sufficient to produce this type of learning.

Substance Use & Misuse, Jul 25, 2017

Background: Alcohol and drug dependencies are associated with different social stigmas, and some ... more Background: Alcohol and drug dependencies are associated with different social stigmas, and some studies suggest they might exhibit different clinical presentations. Further, the treatments for each vary considerably. Alcohol versus drug use problems were compared in terms of attachment patterns and related clinical treatment issues in two interlocking studies using converging logic and designs. Methods: In Study 1, alcohol versus drug dependence was defined in terms of a known groups design. Patients from an inpatient alcohol treatment center, patients receiving treatment for opiate dependence in a methadone maintenance clinic, and controls were compared on the 29 scales of the Attachment and Clinical Issues Questionnaire (ACIQ). Study 2 sampled a substantially different population (491 university students) and used different operational definitions of substance use problems, relying on screening instruments. Results: Study 1 found that, although the drug and alcohol dependent patients differed substantially from the controls, they did not differ from one another on any of the 29 ACIQ scales measuring attachments and clinical issues. Study 2 converged on the known groups design of Study 1, showing convergent and concurrent rather than discriminate evidence for the alcohol and drug dependence screening instruments. Conclusion: Alcohol and drug dependencies were not found to differ significantly in terms of attachments or clinical issues. These studies aimed to provide clearer and more empirically grounded guidance to the clinician and researcher.

International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, Jun 19, 2013

This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substantial or s... more This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution, reselling, loan, sub-licensing, systematic supply, or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The accuracy of any instructions, formulae, and drug doses should be independently verified with primary sources. The publisher shall not be liable for any loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand, or costs or damages brought to you by CORE View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk provided by Marshall University whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of this material.

Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, Sep 1, 2000

Participants from grade school through high school viewed a video-taped incident that contained, ... more Participants from grade school through high school viewed a video-taped incident that contained, among other things, a mother striking her child in the head and the force of the blow sending him to the floor crying. Suggestions given before and after were compared in terms of several classes of dependent variables. Previous experience with this type of abuse viewed was also studied. A consistent pattern of results emerged, and several conclusions were offered on the boundary conditions for when and how different types of suggestions can enter testimony, when different developmental effects are observed, what types of tests produce the most testimony with the fewest confabulations, and when and how personal experience with the viewed abuse enter into testimonies. It was concluded that clear answers to fundamental questions can be found when Participant ϫ Memory Procedures ϫ Focus of Study Interactions are systematically explored. The extensive research on developmental differences in eyewitness testimony and suggestibility has generated a wealth of controversial data. For example, although it is well accepted that preschoolers can be more suggestible than older children and adults (Ceci & Bruck, 1993; Goodman, Aman, & Hirschman, 1987; Goodman & Clarke-Stewart, 1991), the issue still seems to be in need of clarification with regard to school-aged children. Saywitz and Snyder (1993), for example, concluded that ". .. studies do not find children over 10 or 11 years of age to be more susceptible to suggestion than adults. .. and that 4-to 9-year-olds can be highly resistant to leading questions about central aspects of events and abuse-related experiences" (p. 120). Thus, although it is assumed by many that young children may be somewhat more suggestible than adults with respect to just peripheral information, it is commonly held that they are not more suggestible for central aspects of actions and events and that there are few if any differences past the age of 9 years. These

American Psychological Association eBooks, Oct 27, 2004

Journal of Genetic Psychology, 2012

This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substantial or s... more This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution, reselling, loan, sub-licensing, systematic supply, or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The accuracy of any instructions, formulae, and drug doses should be independently verified with primary sources. The publisher shall not be liable for any loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand, or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of this material.

Addictive Behaviors, Mar 1, 2017

A model that more specifically predicts who is most vulnerable to developing addiction was offere... more A model that more specifically predicts who is most vulnerable to developing addiction was offered. • The relationship between adverse childhood events (ACE) and substance abuse was mediated by attachments and other variables. • The path model showed new approaches to RDoC diagnoses and treatments. • Important relationships between nomothetic, ideographic, and ecological variables were identified. • Psychological correlates to biological reinforcement deficits were proposed.

International journal of offender therapy and comparative criminology, Jan 19, 2015

Several general theories of crime were tested with path models on 293 female prisoners in a U.S. ... more Several general theories of crime were tested with path models on 293 female prisoners in a U.S. State prison. The theories tested included Social Bond and Control, Thrill/Risk Seeking, and a new attachment-based Developmental Dynamic Systems model. A large battery of different instruments ranging from measures of risk taking, to a crime addiction scale, to Childhood Adverse Events, to attachments and clinical issues were used. The older general theories of crime did not hold up well under the rigor of path modeling. The new dynamic systems model was supported that incorporated adverse childhood events leading to (a) peer crime, (b) crime addiction, and (c) a measure derived from the Attachment and Clinical Issues Questionnaire (ACIQ) that takes individual differences in attachments and clinical issues into account. The results were discussed in terms of new approaches to Research Defined Criteria of Diagnosis (RDoC) and new approaches to intervention.

Psychological Reports, Aug 1, 1979

WUNDTIAN PSYCHOLOGY 100 YEARS LATER MARC A. LINDBERG1 St. Olaf College Srrmma7y.-The functionalis... more WUNDTIAN PSYCHOLOGY 100 YEARS LATER MARC A. LINDBERG1 St. Olaf College Srrmma7y.-The functionalist perspective rather than the structuralist perspective has dominated the study of mind throughout most of the history of psychology in America. This paper first discusses the theoretical and philosophical reasons for this domination. Then, by analyzing learning texts written over the last 27 years, it is shown that this functionalist emphasis has diminished in the last 10 years and that current treatments of learning and memory are starting to go back to a structuralist emphasis. The final section deals with some issues and problems of this current structuralist psychology and the obstacles it has to overcome if it is to be a persistent viable force within psychology.

Journal of Genetic Psychology, Mar 1, 2003

This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substantial or s... more This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution, reselling, loan, sub-licensing, systematic supply, or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The accuracy of any instructions, formulae, and drug doses should be independently verified with primary sources. The publisher shall not be liable for any loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand, or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of this material.

Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, Dec 1, 1980

ABSTRACT The hypothesis that knowledge base development is an important condition for memory deve... more ABSTRACT The hypothesis that knowledge base development is an important condition for memory development was tested in two experiments. In Experiment 1 subjects from grades K, 6, and college participated in an incidental learning task where they analyzed words according to one of four featural systems: physical, acoustic, semantic, and imagery. Large developmental differences in recall were found in the imagery and semantic conditions, small differences were observed in the acoustic conditions, and no developmental differences were found in the physical condition. Experiment 2 involved presenting college students and third graders words either from categories highly salient to third graders, e.g., cartoons, games, etc., or from corresponding Battig and Montague categories generated by college students. Free recall and clustering performances showed significant interactions, with third graders superior on the third-grade salient items, and college students superior on Battig and Montague items.

PsycTESTS Dataset, 2011

This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substantial or s... more This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution, reselling, loan, sub-licensing, systematic supply, or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The accuracy of any instructions, formulae, and drug doses should be independently verified with primary sources. The publisher shall not be liable for any loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand, or costs or damages brought to you by CORE View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk provided by Marshall University whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of this material.

International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, Jul 28, 2016

Several general theories of crime were tested with path models on 293 female prisoners in a U.S. ... more Several general theories of crime were tested with path models on 293 female prisoners in a U.S. State prison. The theories tested included Social Bond and Control, Thrill/Risk Seeking, and a new attachment-based Developmental Dynamic Systems model. A large battery of different instruments ranging from measures of risk taking, to a crime addiction scale, to Childhood Adverse Events, to attachments and clinical issues were used. The older general theories of crime did not hold up well under the rigor of path modeling. The new dynamic systems model was supported that incorporated adverse childhood events leading to (a) peer crime, (b) crime addiction, and (c) a measure derived from the Attachment and Clinical Issues Questionnaire (ACIQ) that takes individual differences in attachments and clinical issues into account. The results were discussed in terms of new approaches to Research Defined Criteria of Diagnosis (RDoC) and new approaches to intervention. Keywords female prisoners, attachment and crime, risk seeking theories of crime, social bond theories, ACIQ, RDoC diagnoses, individual versus group analyses, dynamic systems theories of crime Although there is an extensive literature proposing and testing several general theories of crime, these have been primarily developed and tested with male prisoners and delinquents. These have not, however, been as rigorously studied and tested on women

Current Psychology, Oct 20, 2015

Your article is protected by copyright and all rights are held exclusively by Springer Science+Bu... more Your article is protected by copyright and all rights are held exclusively by Springer Science+Business Media New York (outside the USA). This e-offprint is for personal use only and shall not be self-archived in electronic repositories. If you wish to self-archive your article, please use the accepted manuscript version for posting on your own website. You may further deposit the accepted manuscript version in any repository, provided it is only made publicly available 12 months after official publication or later and provided acknowledgement is given to the original source of publication and a link is inserted to the published article on Springer's website. The link must be accompanied by the following text: "The final publication is available at link.springer.com".

Journal of Addiction Medicine, Jul 1, 2015

Objectives: Although many major theories tie the addictions to specific pathways and neurochemica... more Objectives: Although many major theories tie the addictions to specific pathways and neurochemical systems evolutionarily implicated in food and social behavioral systems, there is a paucity of instruments from the psychological level that can measure these important attachment, social, and emotional counterparts. Two studies were designed to examine whether the Attachment and Clinical Issues Questionnaire (ACIQ) could help fill this limitation in psychological measurement. Methods: In study 1, the ACIQ was given to patients in a substance abuse unit and control participants funneled to match from a larger population. To address the issue of their hypothesized tendency to blame everything on past experiences, study 2 tested whether the above results would be replicated with high school students predicted to develop alcohol dependence. Results: In study 1, on the patient population, significant differences were found on the attachment and clinical scales in predicted directions. In study 2, on the high school students, the central predictions were again confirmed with this different and larger population, but with interesting developmental differences. Conclusions: The 2 studies using different populations and definitions of alcohol dependence converged on similar results. The ACIQ was found to be a robust battery for measuring attachment and clinical issues displayed by both patient populations and high school students only predicted to develop alcohol dependence. The results were further discussed in terms of how they move us toward Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) approaches to diagnosis and treatment, paying attention to important individual differences in attachments, and clinical issues.

Journal of General Psychology, Apr 1, 2014

Four studies created malingering and response bias scales for a new test battery, the Attachment ... more Four studies created malingering and response bias scales for a new test battery, the Attachment and Clinical Issues Questionnaire (ACIQ). In the first calibration study, a new approach to identifying fake good and fake bad respondents was outlined. In Study 2, this scale was cross validated in a within-subjects design that also found only weak correlations between the scales of the ACIQ and measures of social desirability. The third study developed a method violator scale (one who responds randomly to the content of the scales due to carelessness, low IQ, etc.). It was tested by Monte Carlo and empirical studies. The fourth study combined the two cross validation studies to offer clear cutoffs for the practitioner. These studies successfully led to the creation of malingering and response bias scales for the ACIQ and also introduced new methods that could be adapted to other instruments.

The Journal of Psychology, Mar 1, 2002

Recommended Citation Lindberg, M. A. (2002). The role of suggestions and personality characterist... more Recommended Citation Lindberg, M. A. (2002). The role of suggestions and personality characteristics in producing illness reports and desires for suing the responsible party. The Journal of Psychology, 136(2), 125-40.

Journal of Addiction Medicine, Dec 1, 2011

We attempted to answer the following questions: Why has the body mass index (BMI) increased so dr... more We attempted to answer the following questions: Why has the body mass index (BMI) increased so dramatically in the last 35 years? Are some food groups or additives more responsible than others? Data for per capita food production available for consumption after spoilage for different food groups and additives from the US Department of Agriculture were used as independent variables to predict BMI increases. The heights and weights were taken from the Centers for Disease Control and the US Census Bureau for the years 1970 to 2004. The additives of fats and sugars in combination, not separately, best predicted increases in BMI accounting for 97% of the variance in the linear regression analyses. When all food groups were entered into regressions to predict increases in BMI, fats and sugars in combination accounted for 96% of the variance for women and 97% for men, with the other food groups adding very little. Path analyses showed that fat and sweeteners had direct effects on BMI and were also the mediators of increased caloric consumption. In line with the major physiological theories emphasizing palatability as the addictive stimulus in models of incentives and addiction, fats and sugars in combination rather than calories per se or particular food groups accounted for the increases in BMI. These empirically based theories and data suggest that one should focus on palatability and addictive models in dealing with the increasing problem of obesity in the United States.

Physiology & Behavior, Sep 1, 1982

Flavor-toxicosis associations: Tests of three hypotheses of long delay learning. PHYSIOL. BEHAV. ... more Flavor-toxicosis associations: Tests of three hypotheses of long delay learning. PHYSIOL. BEHAV. 29(3) 439-442, 1982.-Rats were prepared with gastric cannulas and esophageal fistulas to assess the contribution of taste and smell, postingestinal stimuli, and the combination of the two in forming flavor-toxicosis associations. Groups were either given sugar water to drink, a stomach intubation of sugar water, both sugar water to drink and a stomach intubation of sugar water, or not given sugar water. The experimental and pseudo-conditioning control animals were given a LiC1 injection and the control animals were given a NaCI injection one hour later. They were tested for drinking of sugar water the next day. It was found that taste and smell are the primary stimuli for forming food aversions. Furthermore, postingestional stimuli are not sufficient to produce this type of learning.

Substance Use & Misuse, Jul 25, 2017

Background: Alcohol and drug dependencies are associated with different social stigmas, and some ... more Background: Alcohol and drug dependencies are associated with different social stigmas, and some studies suggest they might exhibit different clinical presentations. Further, the treatments for each vary considerably. Alcohol versus drug use problems were compared in terms of attachment patterns and related clinical treatment issues in two interlocking studies using converging logic and designs. Methods: In Study 1, alcohol versus drug dependence was defined in terms of a known groups design. Patients from an inpatient alcohol treatment center, patients receiving treatment for opiate dependence in a methadone maintenance clinic, and controls were compared on the 29 scales of the Attachment and Clinical Issues Questionnaire (ACIQ). Study 2 sampled a substantially different population (491 university students) and used different operational definitions of substance use problems, relying on screening instruments. Results: Study 1 found that, although the drug and alcohol dependent patients differed substantially from the controls, they did not differ from one another on any of the 29 ACIQ scales measuring attachments and clinical issues. Study 2 converged on the known groups design of Study 1, showing convergent and concurrent rather than discriminate evidence for the alcohol and drug dependence screening instruments. Conclusion: Alcohol and drug dependencies were not found to differ significantly in terms of attachments or clinical issues. These studies aimed to provide clearer and more empirically grounded guidance to the clinician and researcher.

International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, Jun 19, 2013

This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substantial or s... more This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution, reselling, loan, sub-licensing, systematic supply, or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The accuracy of any instructions, formulae, and drug doses should be independently verified with primary sources. The publisher shall not be liable for any loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand, or costs or damages brought to you by CORE View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk provided by Marshall University whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of this material.

Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, Sep 1, 2000

Participants from grade school through high school viewed a video-taped incident that contained, ... more Participants from grade school through high school viewed a video-taped incident that contained, among other things, a mother striking her child in the head and the force of the blow sending him to the floor crying. Suggestions given before and after were compared in terms of several classes of dependent variables. Previous experience with this type of abuse viewed was also studied. A consistent pattern of results emerged, and several conclusions were offered on the boundary conditions for when and how different types of suggestions can enter testimony, when different developmental effects are observed, what types of tests produce the most testimony with the fewest confabulations, and when and how personal experience with the viewed abuse enter into testimonies. It was concluded that clear answers to fundamental questions can be found when Participant ϫ Memory Procedures ϫ Focus of Study Interactions are systematically explored. The extensive research on developmental differences in eyewitness testimony and suggestibility has generated a wealth of controversial data. For example, although it is well accepted that preschoolers can be more suggestible than older children and adults (Ceci & Bruck, 1993; Goodman, Aman, & Hirschman, 1987; Goodman & Clarke-Stewart, 1991), the issue still seems to be in need of clarification with regard to school-aged children. Saywitz and Snyder (1993), for example, concluded that ". .. studies do not find children over 10 or 11 years of age to be more susceptible to suggestion than adults. .. and that 4-to 9-year-olds can be highly resistant to leading questions about central aspects of events and abuse-related experiences" (p. 120). Thus, although it is assumed by many that young children may be somewhat more suggestible than adults with respect to just peripheral information, it is commonly held that they are not more suggestible for central aspects of actions and events and that there are few if any differences past the age of 9 years. These

American Psychological Association eBooks, Oct 27, 2004

Journal of Genetic Psychology, 2012

This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substantial or s... more This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution, reselling, loan, sub-licensing, systematic supply, or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The accuracy of any instructions, formulae, and drug doses should be independently verified with primary sources. The publisher shall not be liable for any loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand, or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of this material.

Addictive Behaviors, Mar 1, 2017

A model that more specifically predicts who is most vulnerable to developing addiction was offere... more A model that more specifically predicts who is most vulnerable to developing addiction was offered. • The relationship between adverse childhood events (ACE) and substance abuse was mediated by attachments and other variables. • The path model showed new approaches to RDoC diagnoses and treatments. • Important relationships between nomothetic, ideographic, and ecological variables were identified. • Psychological correlates to biological reinforcement deficits were proposed.

International journal of offender therapy and comparative criminology, Jan 19, 2015

Several general theories of crime were tested with path models on 293 female prisoners in a U.S. ... more Several general theories of crime were tested with path models on 293 female prisoners in a U.S. State prison. The theories tested included Social Bond and Control, Thrill/Risk Seeking, and a new attachment-based Developmental Dynamic Systems model. A large battery of different instruments ranging from measures of risk taking, to a crime addiction scale, to Childhood Adverse Events, to attachments and clinical issues were used. The older general theories of crime did not hold up well under the rigor of path modeling. The new dynamic systems model was supported that incorporated adverse childhood events leading to (a) peer crime, (b) crime addiction, and (c) a measure derived from the Attachment and Clinical Issues Questionnaire (ACIQ) that takes individual differences in attachments and clinical issues into account. The results were discussed in terms of new approaches to Research Defined Criteria of Diagnosis (RDoC) and new approaches to intervention.