Morteza Akbari | Ferdowsi University of Mashhad (original) (raw)

Papers by Morteza Akbari

ASSESSMENT AND CLASSIFICATION OF DESERTIFICATION USING RS & GIS TECHNIQUES (CASE STUDY: THE A... more ASSESSMENT AND CLASSIFICATION OF DESERTIFICATION USING RS & GIS TECHNIQUES (CASE STUDY: THE ARID REGION, IN THE NORTH OF ISFAHAN) AKBARI MORTEZA,KARIMZADEH HR,MODARES R.,CHAKOSHI B. Desertification is the ecologic and biologic ...

The 3rd International Congress On Engineering, Technology and Innovation, Jul 17, 2021

In many countries, including Iran, development has created widespread water pollution. Given the ... more In many countries, including Iran, development has created widespread water pollution. Given the water crisis, it is very important to prevent the contamination of water resources. The problems associated with pollution require more attention in a country like Iran, which naturally faces water shortages, since these problems are increasing day by day due to population growth and increasing human activities. Around the world, arsenic and other heavy metals are the main causes of water pollution and water-related health outcomes in humans, in addition to making water non-consumable. Therefore, this study aimed to highlight these issues by briefly reviewing the water crisis in Iran and introducing the Heavy Metals Health Risk Assessment Index for water, according to EPA standards. Heavy Metal Health Risk Assessment helps decision makers and managers of water resources to formulate appropriate policies to ensure the safety and health of communities and the proper implementation of industrial development programs. The study and use of health risk assessment techniques for heavy metals are integral to our understanding of exposure to heavy metals and other pollutants. This understanding is gained through investigating exposure to different concentrations of heavy metals and comparing the results with standards proposed by organizations such as the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). Continuous monitoring of heavy metals in water can illustrate current conditions, help predict future conditions, and facilitate proper management and protection of water resources in the face of water crises by changing water resource management practices.

Environmental Earth Sciences

Environment, Development and Sustainability, 2022

This research was mainly aimed at the validation analysis of an integrative approach of the physi... more This research was mainly aimed at the validation analysis of an integrative approach of the physical-based stability index mapping (SINMAP) with the maximum entropy (MaxEnt) stochastic model for risk analysis of mass movements to identify effectual driving forces. The study area (the geologic zone of the Kopet Dagh-Hezar Masjed) is geographically located in the northeast of Iran, where mass movements had been recorded in the types of slide, fall, compound zone and mudflow. Different layers of information including topography, geology, land use and vegetation, rainfall, and soil properties were extracted and analyzed in the geographic information system. The effective factors on the incidence of each mass movement group were determined based on the results of the Jackknife estimator. The approach of receiver operating characteristic was used to validate the MaxEnt results. According to the validation data set, the area under the curve for the incidence modeling of the slide, fall, compound zone, and mudflow was 0.723, 0.749, 0.729, and 0.727, respectively, which demonstrated good predictions by the SINMAP-MaxEnt hybrid model. The integration of SINMAP with MaxEnt was able to improve the results (up to 3–8%), as compared with employing only MaxEnt, through estimating the hydrological and geotechnical parameters especially in places where we faced a shortage of observational records. Stability index analysis showed that 50% of all recorded points of mass movements were to be found in a naturally stable zone. This examination accompanied with sensitivity analysis demonstrated that significant destabilizing factors, especially anthropogenic driving forces like land-use change have led to slope instability.

Environment, Development and Sustainability, 2022

Land suitability assessment is integral to land planning and development. One of the crucial ways... more Land suitability assessment is integral to land planning and development. One of the crucial ways to know the different capabilities of lands is to use agroecological zoning. The result of this type of land zoning is quantitative and qualitative increases in crop yields due to climate, soil, and topographic adaptations. This study aimed to create agroecological zoning maps for irrigated and rain-fed chickpea cultivation in semiarid regions in the Khorasan provinces, Iran. Data was prepared in a geographic information system (GIS) environment and using a membership function defined in a fuzzy inference system. Then, by weighted linear combination method, the standardized layers were combined with their weight in GIS environment to reach the final maps. The results illustrated that the precipitation factor had the highest weight (0.9) for rain-fed chickpea farming. For irrigated chickpea cultivation, slope and soil capability had the highest weight (0.9). The agroecological zoning maps indicated that 154,625 ha (0.7%) and 178,412 ha (2.9%) of the study area were the most suitable lands, respectively, for rain-fed and irrigated chickpea cultivation. 9.5% (2,265,128 ha) and 9% (2,168,314 ha), 31% (7,398,457 ha) and 19.1% (4,565,217 ha), and 58.8% (14,010,097 ha) and 71% (16,916,364 ha) of the study area were moderately suitable, marginally suitable, and unsuitable for rain-fed and irrigated chickpea cultivation, respectively. The results also illustrated that climatic zoning and topographic zoning have a critical role in determining the suitable areas for chickpea production under rain-fed and irrigated conditions.

Climate change and global warming impact the frequency of droughts and supply systems. Therefore,... more Climate change and global warming impact the frequency of droughts and supply systems. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct appropriate studies to evaluate the impact of climate change on weather patterns and drought. For this purpose, data from 6 synoptic stations located in the wet and temperate areas in the Zagros region in western Iran were used to construct four general atmospheric models including BCC-CSM1, CANESM2, HADGEM2-ES, NORESM1-M under representative concentration pathways (RCPs) 2.6, 4.5, and 8.5, for three future periods (2010-2039), (2040-2069) and (2070-2099). Then, spatio-temporal variations of drought severity and frequency were studied in the study area using SPI and SPEI indices in different periods up to 2100. The results showed the spatial extent of areas classified as extremely dry will increase by 47.9% in the first period compared to the base period. In the second and third periods, however, the severely dry class covers more area. Analysis of SPEI showed...

Environment, Development and Sustainability, 2020

Sustainable ecosystem management is an effective approach to prevent and tackle desertification o... more Sustainable ecosystem management is an effective approach to prevent and tackle desertification on local and global scales. This study aims to determine and prioritize the main driving forces of desertification in northeastern Iran and to provide appropriate management strategies. This paper proposes effective policies and strategies using the multiplecriteria decision-making (MCDM)-drivers, pressures, states, impacts, responses (DPSIR) approach to reduce the impact of desertification risk in arid regions of northeastern Iran. The main driving forces of desertification were obtained and ranked in terms of significance using one of the most recent approaches in MCDM, i.e., the PROMETHEE method, based on the opinions of 113 experts, field studies, and previous research in the region. The results indicated the existence of 29 main driving forces of desertification. The PRO-METHEE method calculates the significance of factors using the phi statistic. The top 15 driving forces, i.e., those with positive phi values (ranged between 0.0071 and 0.0714), were identified and ranked. These 15 driving forces included overgrazing, land-use change, improper land management, drought, reduced precipitation, soil salinity, overpopulation, erosion, waterlogging, overuse of pesticides and fertilizers, inappropriate tillage, improper irrigation, and decreased soil fertility. We found that sensitive biological and physical components are at risk of desertification in the western part of the study area. Such sensitive components can accelerate desertification processes in the places, where they are originated. Accordingly, five categories of policies and 25 strategies for long-term ecologically sustainable management were formulated and suggested based on the prevailing environmental factors, field surveys, and experts' opinions.

Global Journal of Environmental Science and Management, 2016

Risk assessment provides the possibility of planning and management to prevent and reduce the ris... more Risk assessment provides the possibility of planning and management to prevent and reduce the risk of desertification. The present study is aimed to assess the hazard and risk of desertification and to develop management programs in the semi-arid western regions of Golestan Province in Iran. Desertification rate was obtained using the Iranian model of desertification potential assessment. Since the rating system was considered for the indicators, data analyses were carried out according to the Mann-Whitney test. The risk of desertification was calculated based on hazard, elements at risk and vulnerability assessment maps. The intensity of desertification was estimated to be medium. Among the factors affecting desertification, agriculture by the weighted average of 3.22 had the highest effect, followed by soil, vegetation, water and wind erosion criteria by weighted averages of 2.45, 2.32, 2.15 and 1.6 respectively. Desertification risk assessment results also showed that about 78% o...

Introduction:Evaluation of growth, particularly important in children. It has to use the standard... more Introduction:Evaluation of growth, particularly important in children. It has to use the standard data necessarily.Due togenetic differences and patterns of people living in different areas, using the national or local standards are better to be considered rather than the international ones. The aim of this study was to standardize the height, weight and BMI of the children6-11 year-old in the city of Yazd, Iran. Methods:In this cross-sectional study,2592 students (6-11 years old) were selected by cluster sampling in 26 primaryschools and all students in one class from each grade in the academic year2010-2011 inYazd-Iran.Height,weight and body mass index (BMI)of the children were measured. Using the SPSS software, the height, weight and body mass index by ageand sex were analyzed and compared with the WHO and CDC standards. Results: Height-forage percentile curves of girls were below CDC standard features. The 5 and 15 percentiles of weight-forage of boys in most age groups were also below CDC data. The 95 and 97 percentiles of BMI of boys and girls children aged over 10 years were higher than foreign standards. Conclusion: Due to the differences seen between the curves for height, weight and BMI in and foreign standards, it is better to use the norms of this study for Yazdian children 6-11 years old.

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2018

The growing global demand for energy from fossil fuels plays a key role in the upward trend in gr... more The growing global demand for energy from fossil fuels plays a key role in the upward trend in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and air pollutants. Rapid population growth and increasing energy demand in the developing countries have brought many concerns such as poverty, pollution, health and environmental problems. While for these countries, particularly the poorest ones, modern energy is necessary to stimulate production, income generation and social development plus reduce the serious health issues that are caused by the use of fuelwood, charcoal, animal dung and agricultural waste. Solar energy is the best answer to energy poverty and it can provide excellent opportunities for reduction of GHG emissions and indoor air pollution through substituting kerosene for lighting and firewood for cooking. Solar photovoltaic (PV) can be an appropriate technology for a source of renewable electricity in developing nations especially in remote rural areas where grid extensions are financially or technically not viable. PV can also be used to reduce demand for fossil fuels and associated emissions, including carbon dioxide (CO 2) , nitrogen oxides (NO x) and sulfur dioxide (SO 2). The use of PV systems can reduce 69-100 million tons of CO 2 , 126,000-184,000 t of SO 2 and 68,000-99,000 t of NO x by 2030. In case countries use concentrating solar power (CSP) systems, each square meter of concentrator surface is enough to save about 200-300 kg (kg) of CO 2 emissions annually. Although there are excellent renewable opportunities in many developing countries, several key barriers have prevented large-scale deployment of solar energy technologies in these countries. This study reviews the sources of energy-related emissions, risks of climate change, global solar energy potential, sustainability indicators of renewable energies, environmental impacts of fossil fuels and renewable energies, benefits of solar energy utilization. It also discusses barriers to widespread use of solar energy.

Floods cause great damage to ecosystems and are among the main agents of soil erosion. Given the ... more Floods cause great damage to ecosystems and are among the main agents of soil erosion. Given the importance of soils for the functioning of ecosystems and development and improvement of bio-economic conditions, the risk and rate of soil erosion was assessed using the RUSLE model in Iran’s Lorestan province before and after a period of major floods in late 2018 and early 2019. Furthermore, soil erosion was calculated for current and future conditions based on the Global Soil Erosion Modeling Database (GloSEM). The results showed that agricultural development and land use change are the main causes of land degradation in the southern and central parts of the study area. The impact of floods was also significant since our evaluations showed that soil erosion increased from 4.12 t ha-1 yr-1 before the floods to 10.93 t ha-1 yr-1 afterwards. Field surveying using 64 ground control points determined that erodibility varies from 0.17 to 0.49% in the study area. Orchards, farms, rangelands ...

World Applied Sciences Journal, Aug 12, 2011

Persian Gulf, as an important biological aquatic basin in Middle East, joints via Hormuz Strait t... more Persian Gulf, as an important biological aquatic basin in Middle East, joints via Hormuz Strait to Oman Sea and Indian Ocean. Tide, wind, precipitation, solar radiation and evaporation are main phenomena regarding the oscillation trend of water quality variation in mentioned basin. Moreover, the flow entrance from Arvand River to Persian Gulf influences aforesaid phenomenon, extensively. This research bases on Mt. Mitchell statistics collected in NOAA research vessel observation through the Persian Gulf, Strait of Hormuz and Gulf of Oman. Investigating the variation of shallow water conditions in aforesaid aquatic basin; we analyzed the regional observations and measurements in comparison with the outputs of a numerical model which has been developed based on Navier Stokes partial differential equations. The results argue that baroclinicity and stratification of fluid column are two important events occur and change in Persian Gulf, seasonally. Based on our obtained results, creation of turbulence; and consequently, diffusion of internal waves originate from both occurrence of thermocline through the water environment and variation of this event in space and time. Just the same, this study focuses on effective parameters and elements in creation of thermocline and the related influences of flow entrance from Arvand River. According to the results, we are convinced about creation and existence of more baroclinicity and turbulence in northeastern coasts of this aquatic basin in comparison with deeper parts; and this event originates from effects of internal flow from Arvand River, related bed stresses and situation and direction of wind sources.

AGRIVITA Journal of Agricultural Science

ASSESSMENT AND CLASSIFICATION OF DESERTIFICATION USING RS & GIS TECHNIQUES (CASE STUDY: THE A... more ASSESSMENT AND CLASSIFICATION OF DESERTIFICATION USING RS & GIS TECHNIQUES (CASE STUDY: THE ARID REGION, IN THE NORTH OF ISFAHAN) AKBARI MORTEZA,KARIMZADEH HR,MODARES R.,CHAKOSHI B. Desertification is the ecologic and biologic ...

The 3rd International Congress On Engineering, Technology and Innovation, Jul 17, 2021

In many countries, including Iran, development has created widespread water pollution. Given the ... more In many countries, including Iran, development has created widespread water pollution. Given the water crisis, it is very important to prevent the contamination of water resources. The problems associated with pollution require more attention in a country like Iran, which naturally faces water shortages, since these problems are increasing day by day due to population growth and increasing human activities. Around the world, arsenic and other heavy metals are the main causes of water pollution and water-related health outcomes in humans, in addition to making water non-consumable. Therefore, this study aimed to highlight these issues by briefly reviewing the water crisis in Iran and introducing the Heavy Metals Health Risk Assessment Index for water, according to EPA standards. Heavy Metal Health Risk Assessment helps decision makers and managers of water resources to formulate appropriate policies to ensure the safety and health of communities and the proper implementation of industrial development programs. The study and use of health risk assessment techniques for heavy metals are integral to our understanding of exposure to heavy metals and other pollutants. This understanding is gained through investigating exposure to different concentrations of heavy metals and comparing the results with standards proposed by organizations such as the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). Continuous monitoring of heavy metals in water can illustrate current conditions, help predict future conditions, and facilitate proper management and protection of water resources in the face of water crises by changing water resource management practices.

Environmental Earth Sciences

Environment, Development and Sustainability, 2022

This research was mainly aimed at the validation analysis of an integrative approach of the physi... more This research was mainly aimed at the validation analysis of an integrative approach of the physical-based stability index mapping (SINMAP) with the maximum entropy (MaxEnt) stochastic model for risk analysis of mass movements to identify effectual driving forces. The study area (the geologic zone of the Kopet Dagh-Hezar Masjed) is geographically located in the northeast of Iran, where mass movements had been recorded in the types of slide, fall, compound zone and mudflow. Different layers of information including topography, geology, land use and vegetation, rainfall, and soil properties were extracted and analyzed in the geographic information system. The effective factors on the incidence of each mass movement group were determined based on the results of the Jackknife estimator. The approach of receiver operating characteristic was used to validate the MaxEnt results. According to the validation data set, the area under the curve for the incidence modeling of the slide, fall, compound zone, and mudflow was 0.723, 0.749, 0.729, and 0.727, respectively, which demonstrated good predictions by the SINMAP-MaxEnt hybrid model. The integration of SINMAP with MaxEnt was able to improve the results (up to 3–8%), as compared with employing only MaxEnt, through estimating the hydrological and geotechnical parameters especially in places where we faced a shortage of observational records. Stability index analysis showed that 50% of all recorded points of mass movements were to be found in a naturally stable zone. This examination accompanied with sensitivity analysis demonstrated that significant destabilizing factors, especially anthropogenic driving forces like land-use change have led to slope instability.

Environment, Development and Sustainability, 2022

Land suitability assessment is integral to land planning and development. One of the crucial ways... more Land suitability assessment is integral to land planning and development. One of the crucial ways to know the different capabilities of lands is to use agroecological zoning. The result of this type of land zoning is quantitative and qualitative increases in crop yields due to climate, soil, and topographic adaptations. This study aimed to create agroecological zoning maps for irrigated and rain-fed chickpea cultivation in semiarid regions in the Khorasan provinces, Iran. Data was prepared in a geographic information system (GIS) environment and using a membership function defined in a fuzzy inference system. Then, by weighted linear combination method, the standardized layers were combined with their weight in GIS environment to reach the final maps. The results illustrated that the precipitation factor had the highest weight (0.9) for rain-fed chickpea farming. For irrigated chickpea cultivation, slope and soil capability had the highest weight (0.9). The agroecological zoning maps indicated that 154,625 ha (0.7%) and 178,412 ha (2.9%) of the study area were the most suitable lands, respectively, for rain-fed and irrigated chickpea cultivation. 9.5% (2,265,128 ha) and 9% (2,168,314 ha), 31% (7,398,457 ha) and 19.1% (4,565,217 ha), and 58.8% (14,010,097 ha) and 71% (16,916,364 ha) of the study area were moderately suitable, marginally suitable, and unsuitable for rain-fed and irrigated chickpea cultivation, respectively. The results also illustrated that climatic zoning and topographic zoning have a critical role in determining the suitable areas for chickpea production under rain-fed and irrigated conditions.

Climate change and global warming impact the frequency of droughts and supply systems. Therefore,... more Climate change and global warming impact the frequency of droughts and supply systems. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct appropriate studies to evaluate the impact of climate change on weather patterns and drought. For this purpose, data from 6 synoptic stations located in the wet and temperate areas in the Zagros region in western Iran were used to construct four general atmospheric models including BCC-CSM1, CANESM2, HADGEM2-ES, NORESM1-M under representative concentration pathways (RCPs) 2.6, 4.5, and 8.5, for three future periods (2010-2039), (2040-2069) and (2070-2099). Then, spatio-temporal variations of drought severity and frequency were studied in the study area using SPI and SPEI indices in different periods up to 2100. The results showed the spatial extent of areas classified as extremely dry will increase by 47.9% in the first period compared to the base period. In the second and third periods, however, the severely dry class covers more area. Analysis of SPEI showed...

Environment, Development and Sustainability, 2020

Sustainable ecosystem management is an effective approach to prevent and tackle desertification o... more Sustainable ecosystem management is an effective approach to prevent and tackle desertification on local and global scales. This study aims to determine and prioritize the main driving forces of desertification in northeastern Iran and to provide appropriate management strategies. This paper proposes effective policies and strategies using the multiplecriteria decision-making (MCDM)-drivers, pressures, states, impacts, responses (DPSIR) approach to reduce the impact of desertification risk in arid regions of northeastern Iran. The main driving forces of desertification were obtained and ranked in terms of significance using one of the most recent approaches in MCDM, i.e., the PROMETHEE method, based on the opinions of 113 experts, field studies, and previous research in the region. The results indicated the existence of 29 main driving forces of desertification. The PRO-METHEE method calculates the significance of factors using the phi statistic. The top 15 driving forces, i.e., those with positive phi values (ranged between 0.0071 and 0.0714), were identified and ranked. These 15 driving forces included overgrazing, land-use change, improper land management, drought, reduced precipitation, soil salinity, overpopulation, erosion, waterlogging, overuse of pesticides and fertilizers, inappropriate tillage, improper irrigation, and decreased soil fertility. We found that sensitive biological and physical components are at risk of desertification in the western part of the study area. Such sensitive components can accelerate desertification processes in the places, where they are originated. Accordingly, five categories of policies and 25 strategies for long-term ecologically sustainable management were formulated and suggested based on the prevailing environmental factors, field surveys, and experts' opinions.

Global Journal of Environmental Science and Management, 2016

Risk assessment provides the possibility of planning and management to prevent and reduce the ris... more Risk assessment provides the possibility of planning and management to prevent and reduce the risk of desertification. The present study is aimed to assess the hazard and risk of desertification and to develop management programs in the semi-arid western regions of Golestan Province in Iran. Desertification rate was obtained using the Iranian model of desertification potential assessment. Since the rating system was considered for the indicators, data analyses were carried out according to the Mann-Whitney test. The risk of desertification was calculated based on hazard, elements at risk and vulnerability assessment maps. The intensity of desertification was estimated to be medium. Among the factors affecting desertification, agriculture by the weighted average of 3.22 had the highest effect, followed by soil, vegetation, water and wind erosion criteria by weighted averages of 2.45, 2.32, 2.15 and 1.6 respectively. Desertification risk assessment results also showed that about 78% o...

Introduction:Evaluation of growth, particularly important in children. It has to use the standard... more Introduction:Evaluation of growth, particularly important in children. It has to use the standard data necessarily.Due togenetic differences and patterns of people living in different areas, using the national or local standards are better to be considered rather than the international ones. The aim of this study was to standardize the height, weight and BMI of the children6-11 year-old in the city of Yazd, Iran. Methods:In this cross-sectional study,2592 students (6-11 years old) were selected by cluster sampling in 26 primaryschools and all students in one class from each grade in the academic year2010-2011 inYazd-Iran.Height,weight and body mass index (BMI)of the children were measured. Using the SPSS software, the height, weight and body mass index by ageand sex were analyzed and compared with the WHO and CDC standards. Results: Height-forage percentile curves of girls were below CDC standard features. The 5 and 15 percentiles of weight-forage of boys in most age groups were also below CDC data. The 95 and 97 percentiles of BMI of boys and girls children aged over 10 years were higher than foreign standards. Conclusion: Due to the differences seen between the curves for height, weight and BMI in and foreign standards, it is better to use the norms of this study for Yazdian children 6-11 years old.

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2018

The growing global demand for energy from fossil fuels plays a key role in the upward trend in gr... more The growing global demand for energy from fossil fuels plays a key role in the upward trend in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and air pollutants. Rapid population growth and increasing energy demand in the developing countries have brought many concerns such as poverty, pollution, health and environmental problems. While for these countries, particularly the poorest ones, modern energy is necessary to stimulate production, income generation and social development plus reduce the serious health issues that are caused by the use of fuelwood, charcoal, animal dung and agricultural waste. Solar energy is the best answer to energy poverty and it can provide excellent opportunities for reduction of GHG emissions and indoor air pollution through substituting kerosene for lighting and firewood for cooking. Solar photovoltaic (PV) can be an appropriate technology for a source of renewable electricity in developing nations especially in remote rural areas where grid extensions are financially or technically not viable. PV can also be used to reduce demand for fossil fuels and associated emissions, including carbon dioxide (CO 2) , nitrogen oxides (NO x) and sulfur dioxide (SO 2). The use of PV systems can reduce 69-100 million tons of CO 2 , 126,000-184,000 t of SO 2 and 68,000-99,000 t of NO x by 2030. In case countries use concentrating solar power (CSP) systems, each square meter of concentrator surface is enough to save about 200-300 kg (kg) of CO 2 emissions annually. Although there are excellent renewable opportunities in many developing countries, several key barriers have prevented large-scale deployment of solar energy technologies in these countries. This study reviews the sources of energy-related emissions, risks of climate change, global solar energy potential, sustainability indicators of renewable energies, environmental impacts of fossil fuels and renewable energies, benefits of solar energy utilization. It also discusses barriers to widespread use of solar energy.

Floods cause great damage to ecosystems and are among the main agents of soil erosion. Given the ... more Floods cause great damage to ecosystems and are among the main agents of soil erosion. Given the importance of soils for the functioning of ecosystems and development and improvement of bio-economic conditions, the risk and rate of soil erosion was assessed using the RUSLE model in Iran’s Lorestan province before and after a period of major floods in late 2018 and early 2019. Furthermore, soil erosion was calculated for current and future conditions based on the Global Soil Erosion Modeling Database (GloSEM). The results showed that agricultural development and land use change are the main causes of land degradation in the southern and central parts of the study area. The impact of floods was also significant since our evaluations showed that soil erosion increased from 4.12 t ha-1 yr-1 before the floods to 10.93 t ha-1 yr-1 afterwards. Field surveying using 64 ground control points determined that erodibility varies from 0.17 to 0.49% in the study area. Orchards, farms, rangelands ...

World Applied Sciences Journal, Aug 12, 2011

Persian Gulf, as an important biological aquatic basin in Middle East, joints via Hormuz Strait t... more Persian Gulf, as an important biological aquatic basin in Middle East, joints via Hormuz Strait to Oman Sea and Indian Ocean. Tide, wind, precipitation, solar radiation and evaporation are main phenomena regarding the oscillation trend of water quality variation in mentioned basin. Moreover, the flow entrance from Arvand River to Persian Gulf influences aforesaid phenomenon, extensively. This research bases on Mt. Mitchell statistics collected in NOAA research vessel observation through the Persian Gulf, Strait of Hormuz and Gulf of Oman. Investigating the variation of shallow water conditions in aforesaid aquatic basin; we analyzed the regional observations and measurements in comparison with the outputs of a numerical model which has been developed based on Navier Stokes partial differential equations. The results argue that baroclinicity and stratification of fluid column are two important events occur and change in Persian Gulf, seasonally. Based on our obtained results, creation of turbulence; and consequently, diffusion of internal waves originate from both occurrence of thermocline through the water environment and variation of this event in space and time. Just the same, this study focuses on effective parameters and elements in creation of thermocline and the related influences of flow entrance from Arvand River. According to the results, we are convinced about creation and existence of more baroclinicity and turbulence in northeastern coasts of this aquatic basin in comparison with deeper parts; and this event originates from effects of internal flow from Arvand River, related bed stresses and situation and direction of wind sources.

AGRIVITA Journal of Agricultural Science