Marc-André Lafrenière | McGill University (original) (raw)

Papers by Marc-André Lafrenière

En se basant sur le Modele Dualiste de la Passion (Vallerand, 2010; Vallerand et al., 2003), la p... more En se basant sur le Modele Dualiste de la Passion (Vallerand, 2010; Vallerand et al., 2003), la presente these avait pour objectif general d'examiner le role moderateur de la passion dans la relation entre l'adaptation psychologique et la performance (Article 1) et le rehaussement du soi (Article 2) dans le cadre de l'activite passionnante. Le Modele Dualiste de la Passion definit la passion comme une forte inclination envers une activite que l'on aime, que l'on trouve importante, et dans laquelle on investit du temps et de l'energie de facon considerable. De plus, le modele postule que ces activites deviennent si importantes qu'elles representent des aspects centraux de l'identite des individus. Le modele postule l'existence de deux types de passion, les passions harmonieuse et obsessive. La passion harmonieuse refere a un fort desir de s'engager dans l'activite librement. Avec la passion harmonieuse, la personne est en controle de son en...

Political Psychology, 2017

Deradicalization of terrorists constitutes a critical component of the global “war on terror.” Un... more Deradicalization of terrorists constitutes a critical component of the global “war on terror.” Unfortunately, little is known about deradicalization programs, and evidence for their effectiveness is derived solely from expert impressions and potentially flawed recidivism rates. We present the first empirical assessment of one such program: the Sri Lankan rehabilitation program for former members of the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (a terrorist organization that operated in Sri Lanka until their defeat in 2009). We offer evidence that deradicalization efforts that provided beneficiaries with sustained mechanisms for earning personal significance significantly reduced extremism after 1 year (Study 1). We also found that upon release, beneficiaries expressed lower levels of extremism than their counterparts in the community (Study 2). These findings highlight the critical role of personal significance in deradicalization efforts, offer insights into the workings of deradicalization, and suggest practical methods for improving deradicalization programs worldwide.

Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 2015

Whereas studies of the past 10 years have shown the executive functions (EFs) in adults to be dif... more Whereas studies of the past 10 years have shown the executive functions (EFs) in adults to be differentiated into at least three principal components (working memory, inhibition, and flexibility), EF structure in children is far less well understood despite a large body of research on the subject. A study was undertaken to test different structural models of EFs through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) on a large sample of typically developing kindergarteners (N = 272). The method employed sought to remedy the shortcomings of past research in this field such as absence of CFA, insufficient number of EF components tested, insufficient number of indicators per latent variable, and absence of control on processing speed. Children were assessed using a battery of EF tasks developed by the researchers to measure working memory (WM), flexibility, and inhibition (backward word span, backward block span, fruit Stroop, day-night test, hand Stroop, Trails-P, card sort, face sort, and verbal fluency shift). CFA results show the best-fitting model to comprise two factors, namely, an inhibition factor and a WM-flexibility factor. Invariance analyses suggest that this structure is the same for girls and boys and that latent variable means do not differ by sex. These results support the hypothesis of EF differentiation during development. The researchers formulate other hypotheses regarding neurophysiological development.

The Journal of social psychology, Jan 21, 2015

Two experiments examined the inferential consequences of perceived intentionality in self-enhance... more Two experiments examined the inferential consequences of perceived intentionality in self-enhancement (enhancing self-presentation). Participants evaluated a fictitious target who self-enhanced either intentionally or unintentionally. They perceived the target as more immoral and unintelligent, but as equally unfriendly, when the target self-enhanced intentionally (vs. unintentionally). They also perceived the target as more immoral, unintelligent, and unfriendly when the target self-enhanced (either intentionally or unintentionally) rather than self-presented accurately. Intentionality of self-enhancement elicits negative interpersonal evaluations.

The Journal of Positive Psychology, 2014

The present research aimed to examine the factorial structure of the State Hope Scale (SHS). In S... more The present research aimed to examine the factorial structure of the State Hope Scale (SHS). In Study 1, using confirmatory factorial analyses, two factorial structures were contrasted: a single-factor mode (representing a general hope construct) and a second-order factor model (with general hope characterized by agency and pathways). Results revealed that the two-factor model was more likely to be replicated. Furthermore, invariance analyses revealed that the two-factor structure applied equally across age groups and gender. In Study 2, the factorial structure of the SHS was evaluated again. Once more, results confirmed the superiority of the two-factor model. In addition, hope was positively linked to mental health.

Handbook of Sport Psychology, 2012

Journal of Personality, 2018

Objective: Passion research has focused extensively on the unique effects of both harmonious pass... more Objective: Passion research has focused extensively on the unique effects of both harmonious passion and obsessive passion (Vallerand, 2015). We adopted a quadripartite approach (Gaudreau & Thompson, 2010) to test whether physical and psychological well-being are distinctly related to subtypes of passion with varying within-person passion combinations: pure harmonious passion, pure obsessive passion, mixed passion, and non-passion. Method: In four studies (total N = 3122), we tested if passion subtypes were differentially associated with self-reported general health (Study 1), health symptoms in video gamers (Study 2), global psychological well-being (Study 3), and academic burnout (Study 4) using latent moderated structural equation modeling. Results: Pure harmonious passion was generally associated with more positive levels of physical health and psychological well-being compared to pure obsessive passion, mixed passion, and non-passion. In contrast, outcomes were more negative for pure obsessive passion compared to both mixed passion and non-passion subtypes. Conclusions: This research underscores the theoretical and empirical usefulness of a quadripartite approach for the study of passion. Overall, the results demonstrate the benefits of having harmonious passion, even when obsessive passion is also high (i.e., mixed passion), and highlight the costs associated with a pure obsessive passion.

Frontiers in Psychiatry, 2019

The present research examines the social cognitive processes underlying ideologically-based viole... more The present research examines the social cognitive processes underlying ideologically-based violence through the lens of the 3N model of radicalization. To test this theory, we introduce two new psychometric instruments-a social alienation and a support for political violence scale-developed in collaboration with 13 subject matter experts on terrorism. Using these instruments, we test the theory's hypotheses in four different cultural settings. In Study 1, Canadians reporting high levels of social alienation (Need) expressed greater support for political violence (Narrative), which in turn positively predicted wanting to join a radical group (Network), controlling for other measures related to political violence. Study 2a and 2b replicated these findings in Pakistan and in Spain, respectively. Using an experimental manipulation of social alienation, Study 3 extended these findings with an American sample and demonstrated that moral justification is one of the psychological mechanisms linking social alienation to supporting political violence. Implications and future directions for the psychology of terrorism are discussed.

Military Psychology, 2017

The authors examined the relationships between soldiers' motivational profiles and work correlate... more The authors examined the relationships between soldiers' motivational profiles and work correlates. Results showed that the profiles differentially related to perceived organizational support and work engagement in both samples, as well as to communication, supervisor support, and positive and negative affect in Sample 2. Specifically, soldiers with the highest autonomous motivation scores displayed the highest levels of perceived organizational support and work engagement. Moreover, the highest levels of autonomous motivation were associated with the highest levels of communication, supervisor support, and positive affect. Finally, soldiers with low to moderate levels of autonomous motivation reported higher levels of negative affect than those characterized by high autonomous motivation scores. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed. What is the public significance of this article? Soldiers with the highest autonomous motivation scores (i.e., those who engage in their professional activities out of pleasure and/or volition and choice) display the highest levels of well-being. These soldiers also perceive the highest levels of organizational support, supervisor support, and communication.

The Journal of psychology, Jan 3, 2016

Past research in the self-determination theory has shown that autonomous motivation is associated... more Past research in the self-determination theory has shown that autonomous motivation is associated with positive outcomes (e.g., work satisfaction), whereas controlled motivation is related to negative outcomes (e.g., anxiety). The purpose of the present research was to examine the moderating function of role ambiguity on the relationships between work autonomous and controlled motivations on the one hand, and work satisfaction and anxiety on the other. Six hundred and ninety-eight workers (449 men and 249 women) participated in this study. Results revealed that autonomous motivation was most strongly related to satisfaction when ambiguity was low. In addition, controlled motivation was most strongly related to anxiety when ambiguity was high. In other words, the present findings suggest that the outcomes associated with each form of motivation may vary as a function of role ambiguity. The present study thus offers meaningful insights for organizations, managers, and employees.

Motivation Science, 2016

This article examines how expectancy of goal achievement influences the perceived instrumentality... more This article examines how expectancy of goal achievement influences the perceived instrumentality of means to a focal goal, above and beyond the influence of goal commitment. Based on goal-systems theory (Kruglanski et al., 2002, 2013), the present research found that expectancy of goal achievement positively predicts the perceived instrumentality of multifinal means, which compound value by fulfilling several goals simultaneously, and negatively predicts perceived instrumentality of counterfinal means, which afford greater expectancy of attaining a given goal, but are detrimental to alternative goals. Study 1 found correlational and Study 2 experimental evidence of this phenomenon. Study 3 evinced that expectancy of goal achievement was associated with the number of multifinal and counterfinal means generated for goal pursuit. Study 4 found that expectancy predicted whether people select to engage in multifinal (vs. counterfinal) means. Lastly, Study 5 demonstrated that concern for desirability versus feasibility is the mediating process whereby expectancy influences perceived means instrumentality.

Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 2013

The aim of the current study was to examine actor and partner effects of (a) athletes’ and coache... more The aim of the current study was to examine actor and partner effects of (a) athletes’ and coaches’ attachment styles (avoidant and anxious) on the quality of the coach-athlete relationship, and (b) athletes’ and coaches’ quality of the coach-athlete relationship on relationship satisfaction employing the actor-partner interdependence model (Kenny, Kashy, & Cook, 2006). Coaches (N = 107) and athletes (N = 107) completed a questionnaire related to attachment styles, relationship quality, and relationship satisfaction. Structural equation model analyses revealed (a) actor effects for coaches’ and athletes’ avoidant attachment styles on their own perception of relationship quality and coaches’ and athletes’ perception of relationship quality on their own perception of relationship satisfaction, and (b) partner effects for athletes’ avoidant attachment style on coaches’ perceptions of relationship quality and for coaches’ perceptions of relationship quality on athletes’ perceptions of r...

Personality and Individual Differences, 2016

Sadism was established as a moderator of the relationship between the severity of others' misfort... more Sadism was established as a moderator of the relationship between the severity of others' misfortunes and schadenfreude. In Study 1, we measured sadistic personality traits, and afterwards, participants were presented with a video clip of a cyclist's accident that was described as having resulted in minor (low misfortune condition) or severe (high misfortune condition) injuries. Individuals high in sadism experienced greater schadenfreude in the high misfortune condition. Conversely, we found lower schadenfreude in the high misfortune condition for individuals low in sadism. In Study 2, we were able to replicate our findings while controlling for deservingness of the target person and impression management tendencies. Moreover, we manipulated the importance of the cycling race. In line with our expectations, race importance exacerbated the effects observed in Study 1. Results are discussed in light of theoretical and practical implications.

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 2015

Increasing the number of means to a goal reduces their perceived instrumentality. • Means distinc... more Increasing the number of means to a goal reduces their perceived instrumentality. • Means distinctiveness (vs. similarity) reduces perceived means instrumentality. • Increasing means-goal association reduces the instrumentality of other means. • Increasing the number of means impacts decision making and reduces the motivation intensity. • Increasing the number of means to a goal reduces intrinsic motivation.

Motivation and Emotion, 2015

Your article is protected by copyright and all rights are held exclusively by Springer Science +B... more Your article is protected by copyright and all rights are held exclusively by Springer Science +Business Media New York. This e-offprint is for personal use only and shall not be selfarchived in electronic repositories. If you wish to self-archive your article, please use the accepted manuscript version for posting on your own website. You may further deposit the accepted manuscript version in any repository, provided it is only made publicly available 12 months after official publication or later and provided acknowledgement is given to the original source of publication and a link is inserted to the published article on Springer's website. The link must be accompanied by the following text: "The final publication is available at link.springer.com".

Psychological Assessment, 2013

based on the dualistic model of passion, measures 2 distinct types of passion: Harmonious and obs... more based on the dualistic model of passion, measures 2 distinct types of passion: Harmonious and obsessive passions are predictive of adaptive and less adaptive outcomes, respectively. In a substantive-methodological synergy, we evaluate the construct validity (factor structure, reliability, convergent and discriminant validity) of Passion Scale responses (N ϭ 3,571). The exploratory structural equation model fit to the data was substantially better than the confirmatory factor analysis solution, and resulted in better differentiated (less correlated) factors. Results from a 13-model taxonomy of measurement invariance supported complete invariance (factor loadings, factor correlations, item uniquenesses, item intercepts, and latent means) over language (French vs. English; the instrument was originally devised in French, then translated into English) and gender. Strong measurement partial invariance over 5 passion activity groups (leisure, sport, social, work, education) indicates that the same set of items is appropriate for assessing passion across a wide variety of activities-a previously untested, implicit assumption that greatly enhances practical utility. Support was found for the convergent and discriminant validity of the harmonious and obsessive passion scales, based on a set of validity correlates: life satisfaction, rumination, conflict, time investment, activity liking and valuation, and perceiving the activity as a passion.