Gordana Dodig-Crnkovic - Profile on Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Gordana Dodig-Crnkovic

Philosophy of Information, PI, as envisaged by Floridi means a paradigm shift in philosophy, with... more Philosophy of Information, PI, as envisaged by Floridi means a paradigm shift in philosophy, with both ontology and epistemology being based on information, instead of knowledge. That means that the fine structure of both philosophical disciplines becomes explicit, which allows for fundamentally new conceptualizations and interpretations. PI represents thus the ideal domain for the development of new logical approaches, including logical pluralism. One of the claims this paper will make is that logical pluralism comes as a natural consequence of the new multi-agent, concurrent, interactive understanding of computing, which in its turn is understood as information processing. The argument is based on the unified view of information/computation phenomena. Information is defined as a result of computation. Two concepts, information and computation are considered as dual in a sense that they are two manifestations of the same physical reality of matter-energy. Information is a pattern, ...

Studies in Applied Philosophy, Epistemology and Rational Ethics, 2014

The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this p... more The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein.

Entropy

Three special issues of Entropy journal have been dedicated to the topics of “Information-Process... more Three special issues of Entropy journal have been dedicated to the topics of “Information-Processing and Embodied, Embedded, Enactive Cognition”. They addressed morphological computing, cognitive agency, and the evolution of cognition. The contributions show the diversity of views present in the research community on the topic of computation and its relation to cognition. This paper is an attempt to elucidate current debates on computation that are central to cognitive science. It is written in the form of a dialog between two authors representing two opposed positions regarding the issue of what computation is and could be, and how it can be related to cognition. Given the different backgrounds of the two researchers, which span physics, philosophy of computing and information, cognitive science, and philosophy, we found the discussions in the form of Socratic dialogue appropriate for this multidisciplinary/cross-disciplinary conceptual analysis. We proceed as follows. First, the p...

Entropy

Cognition, historically considered uniquely human capacity, has been recently found to be the abi... more Cognition, historically considered uniquely human capacity, has been recently found to be the ability of all living organisms, from single cells and up. This study approaches cognition from an info-computational stance, in which structures in nature are seen as information, and processes (information dynamics) are seen as computation, from the perspective of a cognizing agent. Cognition is understood as a network of concurrent morphological/morphogenetic computations unfolding as a result of self-assembly, self-organization, and autopoiesis of physical, chemical, and biological agents. The present-day human-centric view of cognition still prevailing in major encyclopedias has a variety of open problems. This article considers recent research about morphological computation, morphogenesis, agency, basal cognition, extended evolutionary synthesis, free energy principle, cognition as Bayesian learning, active inference, and related topics, offering new theoretical and practical perspec...

Cognitive science, according to The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Thagard, 2014) is an int... more Cognitive science, according to The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Thagard, 2014) is an interdisciplinary study of human mind and intelligence. It investigates knowledge generation in humans through perception, thinking (reasoning), memory, learning, and problem solving. Under this framing of cognitive science, variety of unsolved/unsolvable problems appear, as it ignores the role of the physical world and the body of a cognizing agent, neglecting the dynamical systems aspects, and emotions, as well as the phenomenon of distributed cognition. Moreover, it is ignoring the existing mathematical results which indicate that the human brain cannot be a classical computer (the Turing machine), with cognition modeled as computation over mental representations. On the other hand, radical biologism argues "Cognition = Life" (Maturana and Varela, 1980) (Stewart, 1996), thus the totality of biological processes. The functional connection is still missing between those two views, the high-level view of cognition with thoughts, mind, and intelligence (symbol processing) and the low-level view where each living organism (and all its building blocks, cells) is processing information that has a function for survival. Development of both cognitive science and related research fields of psychology, philosophy of mind, linguistics, neuroscience, bioinformatics, anthropology, and artificial intelligence go in the direction of embodied, embedded, extended, and enacted cognition (EEEE).

Современная натурфилософия динамично развивается как сфера науки и является основой для комплексн... more Современная натурфилософия динамично развивается как сфера науки и является основой для комплексного подхода к рассмотрению естественных, искусственных практик и социально-гуманитарного знания. Как теоретические, так и практические знания приобретаются, систематизируются, накапливаются в активном и пассивном виде в процессе обучения. В данной статье рассматривается взаимосвязь между современными достижениями в понимании процесса обучения в различных научных сферах: прикладных науках об искусственном интеллекте (глубокое обучение, робототехника), естественных науках (нейробиология, когнитивистика, биология) и философии (вычислительная философия, философия сознания, натурфилософия). Рассматривается вопрос о том, что именно может помочь текущему развитию машинного обучения и искусственного интеллекта на данном этапе, вдохновленному естественными процессами, в частности: вычислительными моделями, например информационно-вычислительными методами морфологических вычислений. Помимо этого ра...

The 2021 Summit of the International Society for the Study of Information

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY

The 2021 Summit of the International Society for the Study of Information

Fungal organisms can perceive the outer world in a way similar to what animals sense. Does that m... more Fungal organisms can perceive the outer world in a way similar to what animals sense. Does that mean that they have full awareness of their environment and themselves? Is a fungus a conscious entity? In laboratory experiments we found that fungi produce patterns of electrical activity, similar to neurons. There are low and high frequency oscillations and convoys of spike trains. The neural-like electrical activity is yet another manifestation of the fungal intelligence. In this paper we discuss fungal cognitive capabilities and intelligence in evolutionary perspective, and question whether fungi are conscious and what does fungal consciousness mean, considering their exhibiting of complex behaviours, a wide spectrum of sensory abilities, learning, memory and decision making. We overview experimental evidences of consciousness found in fungi. Our conclusions allow us to give a positive answer to the important research questions of fungal cognition, intelligence and forms of conscious...

IS4SI 2021, 2022

From its very beginnings in early 90's as an informal endeavor promoted by Michael Conrad and... more From its very beginnings in early 90's as an informal endeavor promoted by Michael Conrad and Pedro C. Marijuán, the FIS initiative (Foundations of Information Science) has been an attempt to rescue the information concept out from its classical controversies and use it as a central scientific tool, so as to serve as a basis for a new, fundamental disciplinary development-Information Science [Marijuán, 2017]. The FIS discussion list has been an essential instrument to keep alive the Foundations of Information Science initiative [FIS List, 2017]. This paper presents a part of a concrete discussion about interconnections between concepts "Data" and "Information" which became a step to more clear definitions of both concepts.

Aleksey Voloshin (Ukraine) Lyudmila Lyadova (Russia) Alexander Eremeev (Russia) Martin P. Mintche... more Aleksey Voloshin (Ukraine) Lyudmila Lyadova (Russia) Alexander Eremeev (Russia) Martin P. Mintchev (Canada) Alexander Kleshchev (Russia) Natalia Bilous (Ukraine) Alexander Palagin (Ukraine) Natalia Pankratova (Ukraine) Alfredo Milani (Italy) Rumyana Kirkova (Bulgaria) Avram Eskenazi (Bulgaria) Stoyan Poryazov (Bulgaria) Boris Fedunov (Russia) Tatyana Gavrilova (Russia) Galina Rybina (Russia) Tea Munjishvili (Georgia) Hasmik Sahakyan (Armenia) Valeriya Gribova (Russia) Ilia Mitov (Bulgaria) Vasil Sgurev (Bulgaria) Juan Castellanos (Spain) Vitalii Velychko (Ukraine) Koen Vanhoof (Belgium) Vitaliy Lozovskiy (Ukraine) Krassimira B. Ivanova (Bulgaria) International Journal "INFORMATION THEORIES & APPLICATIONS" (IJ ITA) is official publisher of the scientific papers of the members of the ITHEA International Scientific Society IJ ITA welcomes scientific papers connected with any information theory or its application. IJ ITA rules for preparing the manuscripts are compulsory. The ...

In discussions regarding models of cognition, the very mention of "computationalism" often incite... more In discussions regarding models of cognition, the very mention of "computationalism" often incites reactions against the insufficiency of the Turing machine model, its abstractness, determinism, the lack of naturalist foundations, triviality and the absence of clarity. None of those objections, however, concerns models based on natural computation or computing nature, where the model of computation is broader than symbol manipulation or conventional models of computation. Computing nature consists of physical structures that form layered computational architecture, with computation processes ranging from quantum to chemical, biological/cognitive and social-level computation. It is argued that, on the lower levels of information processing in the brain, finite automata or Turing machines may still be adequate models, while, on the higher levels of whole-brain information processing, natural computing models are necessary. A layered computational architecture of the mind based on the intrinsic computing of physical systems avoids objections against early versions of computationalism in the form of abstract symbols manipulation.

In this work we address the belief that cognitive processes such as emotions cannot be modelled c... more In this work we address the belief that cognitive processes such as emotions cannot be modelled computationally. We base our argument on info-computational naturalist approach to cognition, where computation is understood as information processing on several levels of organisation of cognitive agency, and where an agent is defined as an entity capable to act on its own behalf. We also argue that Daniel Kahneman’s fast and slow thinking systems can be explained within our model. In doing so we connect information, computation and cognition as a dynamic triangular relationship.

for Computing and Philosophy) merged their annual symposia/conferences to form the AISB/IACAP Wor... more for Computing and Philosophy) merged their annual symposia/conferences to form the AISB/IACAP World Congress. The congress took place 2–6 July 2012 at the University of Birmingham, UK. The Congress was inspired by a desire to honour Alan Turing, and by the broad and deep significance of Turing’s work to AI, the philosophical ramifications of computing, and philosophy and computing more generally. The Congress was one of the events forming the Alan Turing Year. The Congress consisted mainly of a number of collocated Symposia on specific research areas, together with six invited Plenary Talks. All papers other than the Plenaries were given within Symposia. This format is perfect for encouraging new dialogue and collaboration both within and between research areas. This volume forms the proceedings of one of the component symposia. We are most grateful to the organizers of the Symposium for their hard work in creating it, attracting papers, doing the necessary reviewing, defining an ex...

Computational Aspects of Model-Based Reasoning

Springer Handbook of Model-Based Science, 2017

Computational models and tools provide increasingly solid foundations for the study of cognition ... more Computational models and tools provide increasingly solid foundations for the study of cognition and model-based reasoning, with knowledge generation in different types of cognising agents, from the simplest ones like bacteria to the complex human distributed cognition. After the introduction of the computational turn, we proceed to models of computation and the relationship between information and computation. A distinction is made between mathematical and computational (executable) models, which are central for biology, and cognition. Computation as it appears in cognitive systems is physical, natural, embodied and distributed computation, and we explain how it relates to the symbol manipulation view of classical computationalism. As present day models of distributed, asynchronous, heterogeneous and concurrent networks are becoming increasingly well suited for modelling of cognitive systems with their dynamic properties, they can be used to study mechanisms of abduction and scientific discovery. We conclude the chapter with the presentation of software modelling with computationally automated reasoning and the discussion of model transformations and separation between semantics and ontology.

We are in a series of studies, ranging from news production to computer gaming, looking into the ... more We are in a series of studies, ranging from news production to computer gaming, looking into the intersection of transmodal interaction and user experience. The purpose of this abstract is to outline the theoretical framework for that intersection. The first area we are studying is Transmodal Interaction, which is a concept that refer to a specific aspect of multimodal interaction. Human action is multimodal (Streeck, Goodwin, & LeBaron, 2011), and different sensory modes play an important role in action. However, little attention has been given to the intricate ways in which sensory modalities (seeing-drawing, hearing-saying, moving-touching, etc.) integrate, affect, and transform each other during the course of an activity. There are transformations of meaning in every new materialisation of an idea or a thought, partly depending on the communication potential of the sensory modality. This render what we refer to as a transmodal process where ideas and thoughts materialise action by action in an emergent sequence across relatively long and discontinuous timespans (Murphy, 2012). Over a sequence of actions, the meanings expressed in one modality, dynamically blend and shape what is expressed in other modalities. This produces, according to (Murphy, 2012) "a series of semiotic modulations in which certain core qualities persist, but others are noticeably transformed in the transition from one mode to another. (p. 1969)" We can, in intersemiotic translation (Jakobson, 1959) between modalities, address what is lost, how we introduce distortions, or even introduce perceptions of things that do not exist. A question is then how continuity of meaning and experience is preserved in modality changes. The second area we are studying is User Experience. The term refers to a person's perceptions and responses resulting from the use and/or anticipated use of a product, system or service (ISO, 2010). We employ a three level model of user experience based on Leontiev's account of consciousness (Kaptelinin & Nardi, 2012; Leont´ev, 1978), which also relate closely to Norman's model of emotional design (Norman, 2005). The first level is the sensory fabric of consciousness, Norman refers to this as the visceral level. It is the largely subconscious level of how things feel. The second level is the personal meaning of things, related to what and how we do things action by action. Norman (ibid.) refers to this level as the behavioural level. The third level has to do with meaning, and what Norman refers to as a reflective level. It is the level of cultural meaning and what things mean for us in our socially and historically rooted activities. The intersection of these two areas constitutes our current focus of research. We are, in domains as different as news production and computer gaming, investigating persons' perceptions and actions resulting from interaction with each other and with materialisations across different sensory modalities that give rise to intersemiotic translation effects.

Studies in Applied Philosophy, Epistemology and Rational Ethics, 2018

Cognitive science is considered to be the study of mind (consciousness and thought) and intellige... more Cognitive science is considered to be the study of mind (consciousness and thought) and intelligence in humans. Under such definition variety of unsolved/unsolvable problems appear. This article argues for a broad understanding of cognition based on empirical results from i.a. natural sciences, selforganization, artificial intelligence and artificial life, network science and neuroscience, that apart from the high level mental activities in humans, includes subsymbolic and subconscious processes, such as emotions, recognizes cognition in other living beings as well as extended and distributed/social cognition. The new idea of cognition as complex multiscale phenomenon evolved in living organisms based on bodily structures that process information, linking cognitivists and EEEE (embodied, embedded, enactive, extended) cognition approaches with the idea of morphological computation (info-computational self-organisation) in cognizing agents, emerging in evolution through interactions of a (living/ cognizing) agent with the environment. 1 Understanding Cognition Cognitive science is currently defined as a study of processes of knowledge generation through perception, thinking (reasoning), memory, learning, problem solving, and similar. Thagard (2013) makes an extension of the idea of "thinking" to include emotional experience. This move bridges some of the distance between cognition as thinking and its (sub-)processes, but the fundamental problem of generative mechanisms that can dynamically overarch the chasm between matter and mind remains. The definition of cognitive science does not mention biology, chemistry, (quantum-nano-, etc.) physics or chaos theory, self-organisation, and artificial life, artificial intelligence or data science, extended mind, or distributed cognition as studied with help of network science, sociology or ecology. On the current view, cognition is about high-level processes remote from physicalchemical-biological substrate. It is modeled either by classical sequential computation, understood as symbol manipulation, or by neural networks. On the other hand, historically, behaviorism offered an alternative view of cognition with the focus on the observable behavior of a subject. This divide is mirrored in the present day schism between cognitivism/computationalism on one side and EEEE (embodied, embedded, enactive, extended) cognition on the other. There have been numerous attempts to bridge this gap AQ1 AQ2

ArXiv, 2021

Recent comprehensive overview of 40 years of research in cognitive architectures, (Kotseruba and ... more Recent comprehensive overview of 40 years of research in cognitive architectures, (Kotseruba and Tsotsos 2020), evaluates modelling of the core cognitive abilities in humans, but only marginally addresses biologically plausible approaches based on natural computation. This mini review presents a set of perspectives and approaches which have shaped the development of biologically inspired computational models in the recent past that can lead to the development of biologically more realistic cognitive architectures. For describing continuum of natural cognitive architectures, from basal cellular to human-level cognition, we use evolutionary info-computational framework, where natural/ physical/ morphological computation leads to evolution of increasingly complex cognitive systems. Forty years ago, when the first cognitive architectures have been proposed, understanding of cognition, embodiment and evolution was different. So was the state of the art of information physics, bioinformat...

Studies in Applied Philosophy, Epistemology and Rational Ethics, 2014

Entropy

The 2021 Summit of the International Society for the Study of Information

IS4SI 2021, 2022

Computational Aspects of Model-Based Reasoning

Springer Handbook of Model-Based Science, 2017

Studies in Applied Philosophy, Epistemology and Rational Ethics, 2018

ArXiv, 2021