Emine GÜLER | Mehmet Akif Ersoy University (original) (raw)
Papers by Emine GÜLER
Dictionaries are the main reference sources containing the vocabulary of a language. In the diach... more Dictionaries are the main reference sources containing the vocabulary of a language. In the diachronic studies to be conducted on the vocabulary of languages, grammar and dictionary studies prepared directly by the authors of the period are important in addition to the dictionaries prepared based on the vocabulary of the works written in historical dialects. Because the geography and historical period in which the author lived provides data on the cultural existence of the period together with the words. For this reason, lexicography studies have been of interest not only to language researchers but also to different disciplines. The work discussed in this study is a thematic dictionary in Arabic-Persian, Arabic-Turkish, Arabic-Mongolian and a grammar book explaining the grammatical rules of these languages written in Azerbaijan or Iraq in the second half of the 13th century. It was written by Ibni Mühennâ during the reign of the Ilkhanid State founded by the Mongols. The language of the work is Arabic and from this point of view, it is thought that the purpose of writing the work is to teach the Arabs the valid languages of the period. Considering the grammatical explanations in the work and the vocabulary prepared according to the concept areas, the work is considered to be the first work in the field of teaching Turkish to foreigners. The sixth copy of the work, five copies of which are in European libraries, is called Hilyetü'l-insān ve Helbetü'l-lisān. While the language features of the Turkish part of the work are evaluated as the dialect of the local Turkish people of the Ilkhanid region (Azerbaijani literary Turkish) in the European copies, the language of the Istanbul copy has the features of Eastern Turkish (Khwarezm Turkish). In this study, among the words in the Turkish part of this copy, the ones whose foreignorigin equivalents have become widespread in Turkey Turkish will be analyzed in terms of meaning and structure, and these words will be discussed diachronically. Thus, based on the vocabulary of Ibni Mühennâ Lügati, it will be determined that there are equivalents in historical dialects for the words of foreign origin in Turkish.
Çağdaş metindilbilim çalışmaları doğrultusunda "anlamsal/yapısal bütünlük taşıyan ve bir iletisi ... more Çağdaş metindilbilim çalışmaları doğrultusunda "anlamsal/yapısal bütünlük taşıyan ve bir iletisi olan sözler birlikteliği" olarak tanımlanabilecek olan metin kavramının önemi artmıştır. Gerek metin olanla olmayanı ayırt etmede gerekse yeni metin oluşturmada metinsellik ölçütlerine uyulup uyulmadığının belirlenmesi gerekir. Temelde bağdaşıklık ve tutarlılık olarak iki ana başlıkta ele alınan metinsellik ölçütleri; sözlü, yazılı veya görsel malzemenin metin niteliği taşıyıp taşımadığının tespitinde önemlidir. Özellikle tarihî Türk lehçelerine ait eserlerde, işlenen konuların farklı coğrafyalarda kimi zaman bazı farklılıklarla yer alması ve çağlarını aşması eser kurgularının metinsellik ölçütlerini karşıladığını göstermektedir. Çalışmanın konusunu teşkil eden Harezm Türkçesi eseri Cümcümenâme; Anadolu ve Çağatay sahalarında da nüshaları bulunan manzum bir mesnevidir. Çok bilinen bir halk hikayesiyle de (Kesikbaş Destanı) konu bakımından benzerlik göstermektedir. Eserin metinsellik ölçütlerini karşılıyor olması ve kurgusal yapısı; içeriğin yayılmasını kolaylaştırmış, sözlü geleneğe de katkı sunmuştur. Çalışmada eser, metinsellik ölçütlerinden gönderimsel bağdaşıklık açısından incelenecek ve gönderimsel bağdaşıklığı sağlamada yararlanılan sözcük türleri; öncül/bağımsız, ardıl/bağımlı olma niteliklerine göre eş gönderim, art gönderim, ön gönderim açısından ele alınacaktır. Böylelikle bağdaşıklık ölçütünü karşılamanın eserin akıcılığına etkisi belirlenmeye çalışılacaktır.
International Journal of Language Academy, 2019
Child Literature is an area which started with translated works from the period of Tanzimat Refor... more Child Literature is an area which started with translated works from the period of Tanzimat Reform onward and developed rapidly during the Republic Period. Child Literature, which developed in a much more delayed way when compared with European countries, gained much popularity particularly from 90's and onward. Furthermore, authors who took a child's psychology and the factors such as characteristics of a period during which a child grows up began to produce the regarding works. Of these writers, Mehmet Guler, who has been reputed "to write for three generations" (child-young-adult) according to what he says, has been more famous for his works towards children, though. With great sensitivity led by the teaching occupation, he has utilized the child literature as a means for the child education and he has made use of the behavioral skills and values which he targeted at in his works via his original fictions. He thinks that child literature possessing a literary delicacy both gives a child the reading habit and attaches a great importance in the sense that it is furnished with educational values for children and, therefore, aims to train a good person. Humanistic values aimed to have children acquire are not conveyed in a didactic manner but with subtle messages. In this study, the value of love and its dimensions prevalent in the stories which Mehmet Guler wrote for children have been taken into consideration. According to Guler, love is the essence of all values. The concept of love in the author's works differ in such themes as family love (parental mother-child, father-child love; sibling love), life joy, nature love, animal love, school love, national love and language love.
RumeliDE Dil ve Edebiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi
Bir dildeki söz varlığının genişliği ve söz yapım yollarının işlevselliği o dilin anlam üretme ka... more Bir dildeki söz varlığının genişliği ve söz yapım yollarının işlevselliği o dilin anlam üretme kabiliyetini göstermesi açısından önemlidir. Sözcük üretim imkânları geniş olan diller, kavramlara karşılık üretmekte çok fazla zorlanmaz. Türkçe, sondan eklemeli yapısıyla sözcük türetme konusunda sınırsız seçeneğe sahip bir dildir. Çalışmanın konusunu teşkil eden Harezm Türkçesi (11-12.yy.); Oğuz, Kıpçak ve diğer yerli halkların Harezm bölgesinde birlikte yaşayarak kaynaşmasıyla meydana getirdikleri karma özellikte bir yapı arz eder. Karahanlı Türkçesi ile Çağatay Türkçesi arasında bir geçiş niteliği taşıyan dönem eserlerindeki söz varlığı ve sözcük türetmede kullanılan yapısal unsurlar da bu etnik kaynaşmadan dolayı çeşitlilikler gösterir. Bu karma yapının belirlenmesinde yapısal biçimlerin kullanımı dikkat çeker. Eski Türkçeden itibaren işlek olarak kullanılan-A eki Harezm Türkçesi eserlerinde sözcük türetmede yararlanılan eklerdendir. Tek şekilli ve çok işlevli bir ek olan-A, yapım eki görevinde adlaştırma ve eylemleştirme eki olarak isimlerden isim ve fiil; fiillerden yine fiil ve isim türetir. Kimi zaman türetim ekleri cümlelerde türetim işlevi dışında farklı çekim görevleri ile de kullanılırlar.-A eki de isim soylu sözcüklere eklenerek onların cümlelerde diğer sözcüklerle ilişki kurmasını sağladığında ve fiil kök ya da gövdelerine eklenerek cümlelere tasarlama anlamı kattığında çekim eki işlevi görür. Çalışmada Harezm Türkçesinde tek şekilli ve çok işlevli bir ek olan-A eki işlevleri yönünden incelenerek Türkçenin sınırlı biçimlerle sınırsız anlam ifade etme yeterliliği gösterilmeye çalışılmıştır.
International Journal of Languages Education, 2021
Language is a phenomenon which still keeps its mystery with its magic order and its broad range o... more Language is a phenomenon which still keeps its mystery with its magic order and its broad range of expression even though it has been much studied on for centuries. This characteristic requires that the studies about the language should be updated an d novel approaches together with traditional ones have begun to be benefited thanks to this characteristic. In particular, the meaning which is focused upon by semantics has been excluded from word and sentence patterns, and the meaning of utterance has been more focused upon by assuming that all exterior and interior language elements affect the context. Structural elements have proved to be dealt with in a functional way, and therefore, it has demonstrated that morphemes named according to their prevalent functions are indeed multifunctional and they indicate different meaning categories in utterances. The-sA affix which serves as a subject of this study is primarily called conditional mood because of its indicating a condition and it is catego rised into subjunctive moods. The meaning permeability among moods, that is to say, substitution of mood usage among each other and mood morphemes in utterances marking more than one meaning category (modality) are essential to the conditional mood affix, as well. Divan and Risâletü'n-Nushiyye by Yunus Emre, who was of momentous sufis in the period of Old Anatolian Turkish due to his ability to use language and the universal lyrism effects in his poems have been studied in this research and the utterances in which conditional mood affixes take place have been sorted out in terms of meaning. It has been found out that the conditional mood affix indicates many different meanings apart from conditional mood in these religious works. This is import ant in the sense that 13 th Century's Turkish had the ability to produce unlimited meanings within the range of limited morphemes
RumeliDE Dil ve Edebiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2019
depend on the modals in expressing emotions, which are exclusively grammatical groups. Each emoti... more depend on the modals in expressing emotions, which are exclusively grammatical groups. Each emoting of an individual is named modalities, and it is expressed in the process of communication sometimes using modal affixes, sometimes modality markers, and sometimes suprasegmental sound units. In the present study, utterances expressing request modality in Historical Kipchak Turkish texts were addressed, and the sub-modal values and the structural elements used to express them were investigated. That the request modal-e/a in modern Turkish spoken in Turkey has not yet been formed in Kipchak Turkish era also made it obligatory to use different modal morphemes and structures in expressing the request modality. Especially the affix-ġay/-gey from which certain researchers propounds that the request modal-e/-a originates, imperative modal affixes for their dominant meaning of request in first person conjugation among the ever-controversial subjects in the imperative modal paradigm, the desiderative affix-sa/-se used as predicates in sentences, and modality verbs such as "tile-, kirek" in utterances are some of the structures seen in reporting the request mode in Kipchak Turkish era.
International Journal of Languages Education, 2019
Polysemy is a situation in which words have more than one meaning related to each other, whereas ... more Polysemy is a situation in which words have more than one meaning related to each other, whereas homonymy is a situation in which two words have different meanings in terms of phonetics. In the literature survey about the regarding field of study, it is observable that it is sometimes a hard work to put some borders between these two concepts which have been discussed years. The meanings of a polysemic word emerged as a result of the process during which similar meanings have expanded, but not during which they undeliberately happened to come out in the historical context. By using the meanings of a word that works as a "polysemy", it is possible to explore the origins of each word and this output can be seen enough criterion to differentiate polysemy and homonymy. The words that derived from different lexical sources in the course of history are homonymy. In many cases, there is no consensus about whether the meanings of words are related or not among native speakers. The word,"tüş" which is prevalent and well used in Turkish language from Orkhun Scripts onwards have been employed as a verb or a noun. In each form of usage, it denotes different meanings. With such a characteristic, it turns an exemplar of homonymic words (homophonic). On the other hand, the word possesses related meanings both in themselves and in uses of verb and noun forms because of its polysemic features. The aim of the study is to put forward the variety of meanings in the word,"tüş".
Dictionaries are the main reference sources containing the vocabulary of a language. In the diach... more Dictionaries are the main reference sources containing the vocabulary of a language. In the diachronic studies to be conducted on the vocabulary of languages, grammar and dictionary studies prepared directly by the authors of the period are important in addition to the dictionaries prepared based on the vocabulary of the works written in historical dialects. Because the geography and historical period in which the author lived provides data on the cultural existence of the period together with the words. For this reason, lexicography studies have been of interest not only to language researchers but also to different disciplines. The work discussed in this study is a thematic dictionary in Arabic-Persian, Arabic-Turkish, Arabic-Mongolian and a grammar book explaining the grammatical rules of these languages written in Azerbaijan or Iraq in the second half of the 13th century. It was written by Ibni Mühennâ during the reign of the Ilkhanid State founded by the Mongols. The language of the work is Arabic and from this point of view, it is thought that the purpose of writing the work is to teach the Arabs the valid languages of the period. Considering the grammatical explanations in the work and the vocabulary prepared according to the concept areas, the work is considered to be the first work in the field of teaching Turkish to foreigners. The sixth copy of the work, five copies of which are in European libraries, is called Hilyetü'l-insān ve Helbetü'l-lisān. While the language features of the Turkish part of the work are evaluated as the dialect of the local Turkish people of the Ilkhanid region (Azerbaijani literary Turkish) in the European copies, the language of the Istanbul copy has the features of Eastern Turkish (Khwarezm Turkish). In this study, among the words in the Turkish part of this copy, the ones whose foreignorigin equivalents have become widespread in Turkey Turkish will be analyzed in terms of meaning and structure, and these words will be discussed diachronically. Thus, based on the vocabulary of Ibni Mühennâ Lügati, it will be determined that there are equivalents in historical dialects for the words of foreign origin in Turkish.
Çağdaş metindilbilim çalışmaları doğrultusunda "anlamsal/yapısal bütünlük taşıyan ve bir iletisi ... more Çağdaş metindilbilim çalışmaları doğrultusunda "anlamsal/yapısal bütünlük taşıyan ve bir iletisi olan sözler birlikteliği" olarak tanımlanabilecek olan metin kavramının önemi artmıştır. Gerek metin olanla olmayanı ayırt etmede gerekse yeni metin oluşturmada metinsellik ölçütlerine uyulup uyulmadığının belirlenmesi gerekir. Temelde bağdaşıklık ve tutarlılık olarak iki ana başlıkta ele alınan metinsellik ölçütleri; sözlü, yazılı veya görsel malzemenin metin niteliği taşıyıp taşımadığının tespitinde önemlidir. Özellikle tarihî Türk lehçelerine ait eserlerde, işlenen konuların farklı coğrafyalarda kimi zaman bazı farklılıklarla yer alması ve çağlarını aşması eser kurgularının metinsellik ölçütlerini karşıladığını göstermektedir. Çalışmanın konusunu teşkil eden Harezm Türkçesi eseri Cümcümenâme; Anadolu ve Çağatay sahalarında da nüshaları bulunan manzum bir mesnevidir. Çok bilinen bir halk hikayesiyle de (Kesikbaş Destanı) konu bakımından benzerlik göstermektedir. Eserin metinsellik ölçütlerini karşılıyor olması ve kurgusal yapısı; içeriğin yayılmasını kolaylaştırmış, sözlü geleneğe de katkı sunmuştur. Çalışmada eser, metinsellik ölçütlerinden gönderimsel bağdaşıklık açısından incelenecek ve gönderimsel bağdaşıklığı sağlamada yararlanılan sözcük türleri; öncül/bağımsız, ardıl/bağımlı olma niteliklerine göre eş gönderim, art gönderim, ön gönderim açısından ele alınacaktır. Böylelikle bağdaşıklık ölçütünü karşılamanın eserin akıcılığına etkisi belirlenmeye çalışılacaktır.
International Journal of Language Academy, 2019
Child Literature is an area which started with translated works from the period of Tanzimat Refor... more Child Literature is an area which started with translated works from the period of Tanzimat Reform onward and developed rapidly during the Republic Period. Child Literature, which developed in a much more delayed way when compared with European countries, gained much popularity particularly from 90's and onward. Furthermore, authors who took a child's psychology and the factors such as characteristics of a period during which a child grows up began to produce the regarding works. Of these writers, Mehmet Guler, who has been reputed "to write for three generations" (child-young-adult) according to what he says, has been more famous for his works towards children, though. With great sensitivity led by the teaching occupation, he has utilized the child literature as a means for the child education and he has made use of the behavioral skills and values which he targeted at in his works via his original fictions. He thinks that child literature possessing a literary delicacy both gives a child the reading habit and attaches a great importance in the sense that it is furnished with educational values for children and, therefore, aims to train a good person. Humanistic values aimed to have children acquire are not conveyed in a didactic manner but with subtle messages. In this study, the value of love and its dimensions prevalent in the stories which Mehmet Guler wrote for children have been taken into consideration. According to Guler, love is the essence of all values. The concept of love in the author's works differ in such themes as family love (parental mother-child, father-child love; sibling love), life joy, nature love, animal love, school love, national love and language love.
RumeliDE Dil ve Edebiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi
Bir dildeki söz varlığının genişliği ve söz yapım yollarının işlevselliği o dilin anlam üretme ka... more Bir dildeki söz varlığının genişliği ve söz yapım yollarının işlevselliği o dilin anlam üretme kabiliyetini göstermesi açısından önemlidir. Sözcük üretim imkânları geniş olan diller, kavramlara karşılık üretmekte çok fazla zorlanmaz. Türkçe, sondan eklemeli yapısıyla sözcük türetme konusunda sınırsız seçeneğe sahip bir dildir. Çalışmanın konusunu teşkil eden Harezm Türkçesi (11-12.yy.); Oğuz, Kıpçak ve diğer yerli halkların Harezm bölgesinde birlikte yaşayarak kaynaşmasıyla meydana getirdikleri karma özellikte bir yapı arz eder. Karahanlı Türkçesi ile Çağatay Türkçesi arasında bir geçiş niteliği taşıyan dönem eserlerindeki söz varlığı ve sözcük türetmede kullanılan yapısal unsurlar da bu etnik kaynaşmadan dolayı çeşitlilikler gösterir. Bu karma yapının belirlenmesinde yapısal biçimlerin kullanımı dikkat çeker. Eski Türkçeden itibaren işlek olarak kullanılan-A eki Harezm Türkçesi eserlerinde sözcük türetmede yararlanılan eklerdendir. Tek şekilli ve çok işlevli bir ek olan-A, yapım eki görevinde adlaştırma ve eylemleştirme eki olarak isimlerden isim ve fiil; fiillerden yine fiil ve isim türetir. Kimi zaman türetim ekleri cümlelerde türetim işlevi dışında farklı çekim görevleri ile de kullanılırlar.-A eki de isim soylu sözcüklere eklenerek onların cümlelerde diğer sözcüklerle ilişki kurmasını sağladığında ve fiil kök ya da gövdelerine eklenerek cümlelere tasarlama anlamı kattığında çekim eki işlevi görür. Çalışmada Harezm Türkçesinde tek şekilli ve çok işlevli bir ek olan-A eki işlevleri yönünden incelenerek Türkçenin sınırlı biçimlerle sınırsız anlam ifade etme yeterliliği gösterilmeye çalışılmıştır.
International Journal of Languages Education, 2021
Language is a phenomenon which still keeps its mystery with its magic order and its broad range o... more Language is a phenomenon which still keeps its mystery with its magic order and its broad range of expression even though it has been much studied on for centuries. This characteristic requires that the studies about the language should be updated an d novel approaches together with traditional ones have begun to be benefited thanks to this characteristic. In particular, the meaning which is focused upon by semantics has been excluded from word and sentence patterns, and the meaning of utterance has been more focused upon by assuming that all exterior and interior language elements affect the context. Structural elements have proved to be dealt with in a functional way, and therefore, it has demonstrated that morphemes named according to their prevalent functions are indeed multifunctional and they indicate different meaning categories in utterances. The-sA affix which serves as a subject of this study is primarily called conditional mood because of its indicating a condition and it is catego rised into subjunctive moods. The meaning permeability among moods, that is to say, substitution of mood usage among each other and mood morphemes in utterances marking more than one meaning category (modality) are essential to the conditional mood affix, as well. Divan and Risâletü'n-Nushiyye by Yunus Emre, who was of momentous sufis in the period of Old Anatolian Turkish due to his ability to use language and the universal lyrism effects in his poems have been studied in this research and the utterances in which conditional mood affixes take place have been sorted out in terms of meaning. It has been found out that the conditional mood affix indicates many different meanings apart from conditional mood in these religious works. This is import ant in the sense that 13 th Century's Turkish had the ability to produce unlimited meanings within the range of limited morphemes
RumeliDE Dil ve Edebiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2019
depend on the modals in expressing emotions, which are exclusively grammatical groups. Each emoti... more depend on the modals in expressing emotions, which are exclusively grammatical groups. Each emoting of an individual is named modalities, and it is expressed in the process of communication sometimes using modal affixes, sometimes modality markers, and sometimes suprasegmental sound units. In the present study, utterances expressing request modality in Historical Kipchak Turkish texts were addressed, and the sub-modal values and the structural elements used to express them were investigated. That the request modal-e/a in modern Turkish spoken in Turkey has not yet been formed in Kipchak Turkish era also made it obligatory to use different modal morphemes and structures in expressing the request modality. Especially the affix-ġay/-gey from which certain researchers propounds that the request modal-e/-a originates, imperative modal affixes for their dominant meaning of request in first person conjugation among the ever-controversial subjects in the imperative modal paradigm, the desiderative affix-sa/-se used as predicates in sentences, and modality verbs such as "tile-, kirek" in utterances are some of the structures seen in reporting the request mode in Kipchak Turkish era.
International Journal of Languages Education, 2019
Polysemy is a situation in which words have more than one meaning related to each other, whereas ... more Polysemy is a situation in which words have more than one meaning related to each other, whereas homonymy is a situation in which two words have different meanings in terms of phonetics. In the literature survey about the regarding field of study, it is observable that it is sometimes a hard work to put some borders between these two concepts which have been discussed years. The meanings of a polysemic word emerged as a result of the process during which similar meanings have expanded, but not during which they undeliberately happened to come out in the historical context. By using the meanings of a word that works as a "polysemy", it is possible to explore the origins of each word and this output can be seen enough criterion to differentiate polysemy and homonymy. The words that derived from different lexical sources in the course of history are homonymy. In many cases, there is no consensus about whether the meanings of words are related or not among native speakers. The word,"tüş" which is prevalent and well used in Turkish language from Orkhun Scripts onwards have been employed as a verb or a noun. In each form of usage, it denotes different meanings. With such a characteristic, it turns an exemplar of homonymic words (homophonic). On the other hand, the word possesses related meanings both in themselves and in uses of verb and noun forms because of its polysemic features. The aim of the study is to put forward the variety of meanings in the word,"tüş".