Galder Kortaberria | Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU (original) (raw)
Papers by Galder Kortaberria
The ability of block copolymers to generate nanostructures when mixed with epoxy thermosetting sy... more The ability of block copolymers to generate nanostructures when mixed with epoxy thermosetting systems is deeply analyzed. Both amphiphilic and chemically modified dior triblock copolymers have been used with this purpose. In both cases, one of the blocks is miscible with epoxy system (or even can react with it) before and after curing, while the other one is immiscible before or after curing, leading to morphology development by self-assembly (SA) or reactioninduced phase separation (RIPS), respectively. In some cases, nanostructure development can occur by a combination of both mechanisms or even some demixing of the miscible block can also happen, generating different morphologies. Depending on that and on other parameters like employed hardener, cure cycle, copolymer block ratio, and topology among others, different morphologies such as spherical or wormlike micelles, hexagonally packed cylinders, bilayer micelles, or mixtures of them can be obtained. The effect of nanofillers on morphologies of ternary systems based on epoxy systems nanostructured with block copolymers is also analyzed. G. Kortaberria (*) “Materials + Technologies” Group, Universidad del Pais Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, Donostia, Spain e-mail: galder.cortaberria@ehu.eus # Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015 J. Parameswaranpillai et al. (eds.), Handbook of Epoxy Blends, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-18158-5_32-1 1
Polymers, Nov 4, 2021
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
International Conference on Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Aug 14, 2018
New and more complex morphologies can be obtained by preparing blends of SBM triblock copolymers ... more New and more complex morphologies can be obtained by preparing blends of SBM triblock copolymers with different block amounts or blending triblock copolymers with diblock SB ones with the same block ratio. Thin films of those blends have been prepared by spin coating and morphologies analyzed by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Complex morphologies such as asymmetric lamellae, cylinders at cylinders (cac), cylinders in cylinders (cic) or knitting pattern, predicted by the ternary diagram, have been obtained and described in terms of block amount or interactions among them.
Polymer Engineering and Science, 2008
A series of thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers based on polycarbonate diol, 4,4 0-diphenylmeth... more A series of thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers based on polycarbonate diol, 4,4 0-diphenylmethane diisocyanate and 1,4-butanediol was synthesized in bulk by two-step polymerization varying polycarbonate diol soft segment molecular weight and chemical structure, and also hard segment content, and their effects on the thermal and mechanical properties were investigated. Dynamic mechanical analysis termogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared-attenuated total reflection spectroscopy and mechanical tests were employed to characterize the polyurethanes. Thermal and mechanical properties are discussed from the viewpoint of microphase domain separation of hard and soft segments. On one hand, an increase in soft segment length, and on the other hand an increase in the hard segment content, i.e., hard segment molecular weight, was accompanied by an increase in the microphase separation degree, hard domain order and crystallinity, and stiffness. In phase separated systems more developed reinforcing hard domain structure is observed. These hard segment structures, in addition to the elastic nature of soft segment, provide enough physical crosslink sites to have elastomeric behavior. POLYM. ENG.
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), 2007
Macromolecular Symposia, Dec 1, 2012
Polymers, Feb 28, 2023
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Mar 23, 2016
We present a combined theoretical/experimental study to investigate the effect of selective solve... more We present a combined theoretical/experimental study to investigate the effect of selective solvent vapor annealing treatment on the obtainment of highly ordered morphologies of symmetric poly(styrene-b-methyl methacrylate) diblock copolymer (PS-b-PMMA DBC) films loaded with compatibilized magnetic (Fe 3 O 4) nanoparticles (NPs). Different amounts of NPs were considered (1, 2, and 5% wt) to study the effect of the inorganic content on the final properties of Fe 3 O 4 /PS-b-PMMA films. A precise control of the DBC nanostructure could be obtained by very simple and cost-effective fabrication steps, compatible with current industrial processes. Moreover, the modified NPs could be selectively placed into the PMMA domains of
RSC Advances, 2015
In this work hybrid organic/inorganic nanocomposites with magnetic properties, based on PS-b-P4VP... more In this work hybrid organic/inorganic nanocomposites with magnetic properties, based on PS-b-P4VP block copolymer and Fe2O3 maghemite nanoparticles have been prepared. Nanoparticles were surface modified with PS brushes by grafting through method. The morphology of neat block copolymer and nanocomposites was analyzed by AFM. For nanostructuring, thin films were annealed under dioxane vapors, a selective solvent for the PS block. Morphology of neat copolymer thin films changed from hexagonal to stripped with exposure time. The addition of the nanoparticles also modified the morphology of the nanocomposites, especially the higher nanoparticle contents. For all cases nanoparticles were selectively dispersed into PS domains. Moreover, magnetic characterization by VSM and SQUID has demonstrated that magnetic properties of nanoparticles have been transferred to the nanocomposites.
Soft Matter
Bio-based hydrogel films are fabricated by reacting a glycerol ethoxylate-based triazide and an i... more Bio-based hydrogel films are fabricated by reacting a glycerol ethoxylate-based triazide and an isosorbide-based dialkyne via Cu(i)-catalyzed photo-click reaction. These materials are suitable candidates for the delivery of therapeutic molecules.
Resources, Conservation and Recycling
Journal of microscopy, 2006
An investigation was carried out on the crystallization process of poly(l-lactid acid) by dielect... more An investigation was carried out on the crystallization process of poly(l-lactid acid) by dielectric relaxation spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. Experimental results were generated by dielectric relaxation spectroscopy over a wide range of frequency and temperature in both the wholly amorphous state and during crystallization. The variation of the average relaxation time was studied during crystallization at 80 degrees C and the temperature dependence of this relaxation time for wholly amorphous and crystallized samples was analysed. This behaviour was modelled by Havriliak-Negami and Vogel-Fulcher equations. The sensitivity of the segmental dynamics to the degree of crystallinity was analysed, taking into account the relaxing segments and the thickness of the amorphous layer between lamellae. The morphologies obtained during crystallization processes at 80, 130 and 150 degrees C were monitored by atomic force microscopy at both the lamellar level and by analysing the multi...
![Research paper thumbnail of Host-guest interactions of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on the functionalized dendronized polymeric nanocomposite, Poly(N-tris[((cyano-ethoxy)methyl] methylacrylamide)](https://attachments.academia-assets.com/107669065/thumbnails/1.jpg)
](Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part A, 2018
The use of dendronized polymers (DP), such as Poly(N-tris[((cyano-ethoxy)methyl]methylacrylamide)... more The use of dendronized polymers (DP), such as Poly(N-tris[((cyano-ethoxy)methyl]methylacrylamide) (PATCN), as carriers models of different non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen (IBU), Ketoprofen (KTP), and Naproxen (NPX), is reported. DSC and TGA measurements demonstrate strong interactions between dendronized polymeric nanocomposites and these drugs. FT-IR, UV-Vis, and AFM measurements confirm that the interactions in the blend give rise to a compatible new material in only one phase. Using the Fukui Theory (FT), the interaction appears to take place through the main amide and its neighborhood. Thus, the drugs' and polymer's functional groups contribute to the strength of the interaction. The functional groups and the sizes of the drugs are the driving force for the interaction with the DP. Finally, MD calculations are carried out through DFT methods to investigate the behavior of the dendronized polymer, showing that different chain behaviors depend on the placement of the lateral chains.
Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology
Electroconductive hydrogels (ECHs) have attracted interest for tissue engineering applications du... more Electroconductive hydrogels (ECHs) have attracted interest for tissue engineering applications due to their ability to promote the regeneration of electroactive tissues. Hence, ECHs with tunable electrical and mechanical properties, bioactivity, biocompatibility and biodegradability are demanded. In this work, ECHs based on photo-crosslinked blends of polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) and gelatin with different PEGDA:gelatin ratios (1:1, 1.5:1 and 2:1 wt./wt.), and containing poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly (styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) (0.0, 0.1, 0,3 and 0.5% w/v%) were prepared. Main novelty was the use of gelatin as bioactive component and co-initiator in the photo-crosslinking process, leading to its successful incorporation in the hydrogel network. Physical properties could be modulated by the initial PEGDA:gelatin weight ratio. Pristine hydrogels with increasing PEGDA:gelatin ratio showed: (i) an increasing compressive elastic modulus from 5 to 28 kPa; (ii) a dec...
World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, 2016
Carbohydrate Polymers, 2020
Biobased tractable films consisting of blends of chitosan (CS) with polymer bearing carbazole der... more Biobased tractable films consisting of blends of chitosan (CS) with polymer bearing carbazole derivatives as pendant groups and fluorene-thiophene as donor-acceptor units (referred to as DA) were prepared, and their optical, morphological and photocatalytic properties were studied. DA was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (THF) and mixed with an acidified aqueous solution containing chitosan to obtain chitosan/DA (CS/DA) films by solution casting. The fabricated biobased films were characterized using spectroscopic techniques (FT-IR and UV-vis), thermogravimetry, mechanical assays, contact angle analysis, and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The effects of varying DA compositions and the results of exposure to visible-light irradiation of the films were also analyzed. The results indicated the existence of interactions between chitosan and DA and a potentially profitable light-driven response of these biobased films. This behavior was reflected in the optical, topographical, and contact angle properties of the films, which exhibited different characteristics before and after visible-light exposure. Finally, the photocatalytic performance of the biobased films was tested via the decomposition of methyl orange (MO), as a reaction model system. Our results revealed a significant photocatalytic activity (according to biobased film composition, approximately 64 % and 87 % of methyl orange were degraded under continuous visible-light irradiation for 120 min) of the films which is attributed to the combined presence and synergetic effects of the film-forming ability of chitosan and the photoproperties of DA.
Polymer Engineering & Science, 2017
Surface morphology development for SBM triblock copolymer thin films has been studied by atomic f... more Surface morphology development for SBM triblock copolymer thin films has been studied by atomic force microscopy. The effect of copolymer composition and solvent on the final morphology has been investigated. Obtained results indicated that depending on the block ratio (symmetric or asymmetric with minority middle block) and solvent, lamellar, hexagonal, cylindrical, or spheres in lamellae (ls)-type morphologies can be achieved at film surfaces. The influence of the interaction parameters among blocks and solvents and cohesive energy values of block pairs on the final morphology has been proved. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2017. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers
The ability of block copolymers to generate nanostructures when mixed with epoxy thermosetting sy... more The ability of block copolymers to generate nanostructures when mixed with epoxy thermosetting systems is deeply analyzed. Both amphiphilic and chemically modified dior triblock copolymers have been used with this purpose. In both cases, one of the blocks is miscible with epoxy system (or even can react with it) before and after curing, while the other one is immiscible before or after curing, leading to morphology development by self-assembly (SA) or reactioninduced phase separation (RIPS), respectively. In some cases, nanostructure development can occur by a combination of both mechanisms or even some demixing of the miscible block can also happen, generating different morphologies. Depending on that and on other parameters like employed hardener, cure cycle, copolymer block ratio, and topology among others, different morphologies such as spherical or wormlike micelles, hexagonally packed cylinders, bilayer micelles, or mixtures of them can be obtained. The effect of nanofillers on morphologies of ternary systems based on epoxy systems nanostructured with block copolymers is also analyzed. G. Kortaberria (*) “Materials + Technologies” Group, Universidad del Pais Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, Donostia, Spain e-mail: galder.cortaberria@ehu.eus # Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015 J. Parameswaranpillai et al. (eds.), Handbook of Epoxy Blends, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-18158-5_32-1 1
Polymers, Nov 4, 2021
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
International Conference on Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Aug 14, 2018
New and more complex morphologies can be obtained by preparing blends of SBM triblock copolymers ... more New and more complex morphologies can be obtained by preparing blends of SBM triblock copolymers with different block amounts or blending triblock copolymers with diblock SB ones with the same block ratio. Thin films of those blends have been prepared by spin coating and morphologies analyzed by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Complex morphologies such as asymmetric lamellae, cylinders at cylinders (cac), cylinders in cylinders (cic) or knitting pattern, predicted by the ternary diagram, have been obtained and described in terms of block amount or interactions among them.
Polymer Engineering and Science, 2008
A series of thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers based on polycarbonate diol, 4,4 0-diphenylmeth... more A series of thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers based on polycarbonate diol, 4,4 0-diphenylmethane diisocyanate and 1,4-butanediol was synthesized in bulk by two-step polymerization varying polycarbonate diol soft segment molecular weight and chemical structure, and also hard segment content, and their effects on the thermal and mechanical properties were investigated. Dynamic mechanical analysis termogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared-attenuated total reflection spectroscopy and mechanical tests were employed to characterize the polyurethanes. Thermal and mechanical properties are discussed from the viewpoint of microphase domain separation of hard and soft segments. On one hand, an increase in soft segment length, and on the other hand an increase in the hard segment content, i.e., hard segment molecular weight, was accompanied by an increase in the microphase separation degree, hard domain order and crystallinity, and stiffness. In phase separated systems more developed reinforcing hard domain structure is observed. These hard segment structures, in addition to the elastic nature of soft segment, provide enough physical crosslink sites to have elastomeric behavior. POLYM. ENG.
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), 2007
Macromolecular Symposia, Dec 1, 2012
Polymers, Feb 28, 2023
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Mar 23, 2016
We present a combined theoretical/experimental study to investigate the effect of selective solve... more We present a combined theoretical/experimental study to investigate the effect of selective solvent vapor annealing treatment on the obtainment of highly ordered morphologies of symmetric poly(styrene-b-methyl methacrylate) diblock copolymer (PS-b-PMMA DBC) films loaded with compatibilized magnetic (Fe 3 O 4) nanoparticles (NPs). Different amounts of NPs were considered (1, 2, and 5% wt) to study the effect of the inorganic content on the final properties of Fe 3 O 4 /PS-b-PMMA films. A precise control of the DBC nanostructure could be obtained by very simple and cost-effective fabrication steps, compatible with current industrial processes. Moreover, the modified NPs could be selectively placed into the PMMA domains of
RSC Advances, 2015
In this work hybrid organic/inorganic nanocomposites with magnetic properties, based on PS-b-P4VP... more In this work hybrid organic/inorganic nanocomposites with magnetic properties, based on PS-b-P4VP block copolymer and Fe2O3 maghemite nanoparticles have been prepared. Nanoparticles were surface modified with PS brushes by grafting through method. The morphology of neat block copolymer and nanocomposites was analyzed by AFM. For nanostructuring, thin films were annealed under dioxane vapors, a selective solvent for the PS block. Morphology of neat copolymer thin films changed from hexagonal to stripped with exposure time. The addition of the nanoparticles also modified the morphology of the nanocomposites, especially the higher nanoparticle contents. For all cases nanoparticles were selectively dispersed into PS domains. Moreover, magnetic characterization by VSM and SQUID has demonstrated that magnetic properties of nanoparticles have been transferred to the nanocomposites.
Soft Matter
Bio-based hydrogel films are fabricated by reacting a glycerol ethoxylate-based triazide and an i... more Bio-based hydrogel films are fabricated by reacting a glycerol ethoxylate-based triazide and an isosorbide-based dialkyne via Cu(i)-catalyzed photo-click reaction. These materials are suitable candidates for the delivery of therapeutic molecules.
Resources, Conservation and Recycling
Journal of microscopy, 2006
An investigation was carried out on the crystallization process of poly(l-lactid acid) by dielect... more An investigation was carried out on the crystallization process of poly(l-lactid acid) by dielectric relaxation spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. Experimental results were generated by dielectric relaxation spectroscopy over a wide range of frequency and temperature in both the wholly amorphous state and during crystallization. The variation of the average relaxation time was studied during crystallization at 80 degrees C and the temperature dependence of this relaxation time for wholly amorphous and crystallized samples was analysed. This behaviour was modelled by Havriliak-Negami and Vogel-Fulcher equations. The sensitivity of the segmental dynamics to the degree of crystallinity was analysed, taking into account the relaxing segments and the thickness of the amorphous layer between lamellae. The morphologies obtained during crystallization processes at 80, 130 and 150 degrees C were monitored by atomic force microscopy at both the lamellar level and by analysing the multi...
Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part A, 2018
The use of dendronized polymers (DP), such as Poly(N-tris[((cyano-ethoxy)methyl]methylacrylamide)... more The use of dendronized polymers (DP), such as Poly(N-tris[((cyano-ethoxy)methyl]methylacrylamide) (PATCN), as carriers models of different non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen (IBU), Ketoprofen (KTP), and Naproxen (NPX), is reported. DSC and TGA measurements demonstrate strong interactions between dendronized polymeric nanocomposites and these drugs. FT-IR, UV-Vis, and AFM measurements confirm that the interactions in the blend give rise to a compatible new material in only one phase. Using the Fukui Theory (FT), the interaction appears to take place through the main amide and its neighborhood. Thus, the drugs' and polymer's functional groups contribute to the strength of the interaction. The functional groups and the sizes of the drugs are the driving force for the interaction with the DP. Finally, MD calculations are carried out through DFT methods to investigate the behavior of the dendronized polymer, showing that different chain behaviors depend on the placement of the lateral chains.
Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology
Electroconductive hydrogels (ECHs) have attracted interest for tissue engineering applications du... more Electroconductive hydrogels (ECHs) have attracted interest for tissue engineering applications due to their ability to promote the regeneration of electroactive tissues. Hence, ECHs with tunable electrical and mechanical properties, bioactivity, biocompatibility and biodegradability are demanded. In this work, ECHs based on photo-crosslinked blends of polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) and gelatin with different PEGDA:gelatin ratios (1:1, 1.5:1 and 2:1 wt./wt.), and containing poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly (styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) (0.0, 0.1, 0,3 and 0.5% w/v%) were prepared. Main novelty was the use of gelatin as bioactive component and co-initiator in the photo-crosslinking process, leading to its successful incorporation in the hydrogel network. Physical properties could be modulated by the initial PEGDA:gelatin weight ratio. Pristine hydrogels with increasing PEGDA:gelatin ratio showed: (i) an increasing compressive elastic modulus from 5 to 28 kPa; (ii) a dec...
World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, 2016
Carbohydrate Polymers, 2020
Biobased tractable films consisting of blends of chitosan (CS) with polymer bearing carbazole der... more Biobased tractable films consisting of blends of chitosan (CS) with polymer bearing carbazole derivatives as pendant groups and fluorene-thiophene as donor-acceptor units (referred to as DA) were prepared, and their optical, morphological and photocatalytic properties were studied. DA was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (THF) and mixed with an acidified aqueous solution containing chitosan to obtain chitosan/DA (CS/DA) films by solution casting. The fabricated biobased films were characterized using spectroscopic techniques (FT-IR and UV-vis), thermogravimetry, mechanical assays, contact angle analysis, and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The effects of varying DA compositions and the results of exposure to visible-light irradiation of the films were also analyzed. The results indicated the existence of interactions between chitosan and DA and a potentially profitable light-driven response of these biobased films. This behavior was reflected in the optical, topographical, and contact angle properties of the films, which exhibited different characteristics before and after visible-light exposure. Finally, the photocatalytic performance of the biobased films was tested via the decomposition of methyl orange (MO), as a reaction model system. Our results revealed a significant photocatalytic activity (according to biobased film composition, approximately 64 % and 87 % of methyl orange were degraded under continuous visible-light irradiation for 120 min) of the films which is attributed to the combined presence and synergetic effects of the film-forming ability of chitosan and the photoproperties of DA.
Polymer Engineering & Science, 2017
Surface morphology development for SBM triblock copolymer thin films has been studied by atomic f... more Surface morphology development for SBM triblock copolymer thin films has been studied by atomic force microscopy. The effect of copolymer composition and solvent on the final morphology has been investigated. Obtained results indicated that depending on the block ratio (symmetric or asymmetric with minority middle block) and solvent, lamellar, hexagonal, cylindrical, or spheres in lamellae (ls)-type morphologies can be achieved at film surfaces. The influence of the interaction parameters among blocks and solvents and cohesive energy values of block pairs on the final morphology has been proved. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2017. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers
Due to the thermodynamic incompatibility between blocks, diblock copolymers can self‐ assemble in... more Due to the thermodynamic incompatibility between blocks, diblock copolymers can self‐ assemble in a wide variety of nanostructures, covalent linkage among blocks preventing the phase separation at macroscopic scale. Those nanostructures depend on copolymer composition (f), Flory‐Huggins interaction parameter among both blocks (χ), and polym‐ erization degree of the copolymer (N). Thin films of block copolymers can show different equilibrium morphologies such as spheres, cylinders, gyroids, and lamellas. Besides men‐ tioned parameters, film preparation process (substrate, annealing process if any) and used solvent will determine self‐assembled morphology. In the present review, the most impor‐ tant morphologies or microstructures obtained for different diblock copolymer films are presented, as well as the most important phase transitions among them. Different micro‐ structures and the way in which they can be obtained become of great importance, as they could be used as templates for nanoparticle deposition, nanolithography, or nanopatterned materials with several potential applications in different fields such as nanoelectronics or nanomedicine.