Erol H. CAKMAK | Middle East Technical University (original) (raw)

Papers by Erol H. CAKMAK

Social Science Research Network, 2012

Climatic constraints play a predominant role in the performance of national agricultures and thei... more Climatic constraints play a predominant role in the performance of national agricultures and their capacity to support economic growth and assure food security for the population. With the climate changes and projected inter and intra annual fluctuations, management of the agricultural sector takes a particular dimension including management of risks inherent in the sector and searching for sustainable growth for the sector. Agricultural policies must permit a continual adaption of the processes of agricultural production and a reduction of negative effects of climate change in order to assure food security for the population. « Impacts of climate change on agriculture » The principal themes proposed are the following:: 1. Analysis of the impacts of climate change on agriculture: simulations and projections 2. Climate change and sustainability of agricultural production systems 3. Adaption strategies for agriculture in the face of climate change: systems of production, risks in agriculture, and policies for food security 4. Water management in the context of climate change

İktisat işletme ve finans, 2010

Climate change and irrigation in Turkey: A CGE approach * Özet-Türkiye'de iklim değişikliği ve ta... more Climate change and irrigation in Turkey: A CGE approach * Özet-Türkiye'de iklim değişikliği ve tarım: CGE modellemesi yaklaşımı Tarım sektörü Türkiye için önemli bir gelir ve istihdam kaynağıdır. Tarımsal üretimde üretkenliği arttırmak ve üretim seviyelerindeki dalgalanmaları azaltmak büyük oranda sulama imkanlarının erişilebilirliğine bağlıdır. Ancak iklim değişikliğinin su için olan sektörler arası rekabeti ve su politikalarında önemli değişikliklerin yapılması ihtiyacını arttırması beklenmektedir. Çalışma, iklim değişikliğinin Türkiye ekonomisi üzerindeki muhtemel etkilerini ekonominin tamamını dikkate alan ve oldukça detaylı bir tarım sektörü olan bir Walrazcı Hesaplanabilir Genel Denge Modeli ile inceleyen ilk çalışmadır. Model tarım sektörünü çok detaylı bir şekilde ele almaktadır: 5 farklı bölgede sulanan ve sulanmayan olarak ayrıştırılmış 20 tarımsal faaliyet bulunmaktadır. Temel makroekonomik göstergeler belirgin bir şekilde etkilemektedir. GSYIH'da önemli düşüşler olmaktadır. Ücretlerin genel seviyesi düşerken su da dahil olmak üzere diğer faktörlerin fiyatları artmaktadır. Tarımsal ürünlerdeki ticaret dengesi eksiye dönmektedir. Tarımsal ürünlerin fiyatlarındaki artış tarımsal üretimle uğraşan hanehalklarının refah seviyesini olumlu etkilerken, şehirlerde yaşayan hanehalkları bundan olumsuz etkilenmektedir.

Études de l’OCDE sur l’eau, Mar 2, 2010

is a unique forum where the governments of 30 democracies work together to address the economic, ... more is a unique forum where the governments of 30 democracies work together to address the economic, social and environmental challenges of globalisation. The OECD is also at the forefront of efforts to understand and to help governments respond to new developments and concerns, such as corporate governance, the information economy and the challenges of an ageing population. The Organisation provides a setting where governments can compare policy experiences, seek answers to common problems, identify good practice and work to coordinate domestic and international policies.

The liberalization of agricultural trade was the focus of the Uruguay Round of the General Agreem... more The liberalization of agricultural trade was the focus of the Uruguay Round of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) negotiations. However, the Agreement on Agriculture (AoA), which was embedded in the Final. Act of the Uruguay Round, produced little immediate liberalization for the countries involved. The countries opted to build some slack into their commitments to the AoA's provisions, yet in spite of the precautions taken, the AoA still has created a completely new framework for agricultural and trade policies in these countries

İktisat işletme ve finans, Apr 1, 1995

... Makale işlemlerine ulaşmak için üye girişi yapmanız gerekmektedir. Türkiye''de Geli... more ... Makale işlemlerine ulaşmak için üye girişi yapmanız gerekmektedir. Türkiye''de Gelir Dağılımı. Erol H. ÇAKMAK, Stanislaw H. KOT. Tam Metin: PDF (Türkçe) (3988 KB) Sepete Ekle Hemen Satın Al (15 TL) Makaleyi satın almalı veya dergiye abone olmalısınız. ...

IGI Global eBooks, Aug 1, 2012

Irrigated agriculture in Turkey currently consumes 75 percent of the total water consumption, whi... more Irrigated agriculture in Turkey currently consumes 75 percent of the total water consumption, which corresponds to about 30 percent of the renewable water supply. Unfavorable future global climate and economic conditions will increase the stress in the water sector. The operation and maintenance (O&amp;amp;amp;M) of almost all large surface irrigation schemes developed by the state has been transferred to irrigation associations governed by the farmers. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of irrigation management practices and an evaluation of irrigation water pricing after the transfer using price data at the association level since 1999. Results indicate that both irrigation water charges and collection rates increased following the transfer. However, the recuperation of investment costs for irrigation development from the users has remained minimal. The price of the irrigation water continued to be on per hectare basis, and farmers using pumping water face 2.5 times higher water charge per hectare then the gravity water users. The uptake of more efficient water application technology accompanied by pricing mechanisms reflecting scarcity value of water will certainly ease the adjustment burden of the irrigation sector in the future.

İktisat işletme ve finans, Mar 1, 2006

Hong Kong’ta, 13-18 Aralık 2005 tarihleri arasında yapılan altıncı DTÖ Bakanlar Konferansı’nda pe... more Hong Kong’ta, 13-18 Aralık 2005 tarihleri arasında yapılan altıncı DTÖ Bakanlar Konferansı’nda pek fazla yol alınamadı. Tarım, tarım-dışı ürünlerde pazara ulaşım ve hizmetler ana müzakere konularıydı. DTÖ üyeleri yeni tarım anlaşmasının taahhütlerin şeklini ve indirim miktarlarını belirleyemeden dağıldılar. Türkiye tarım-dışı pazara ulaşımda serbest ticareti savunanların yanında yer aldı. Yenilenecek Tarım Anlaşması’nın görüşmelerinde ise tam defansif pozisyon alan Türkiye, AB’ye tam

İktisat işletme ve finans, Jun 1, 2004

İktisat işletme ve finans, Jun 1, 2006

... Dünyada tarım sektörü ve Dünya Ticaret Örgütü'nün işlevi. Functions of the WTO and the A... more ... Dünyada tarım sektörü ve Dünya Ticaret Örgütü'nün işlevi. Functions of the WTO and the Agricultural Sector in World. Ali BİLGE, Erol ÇAKMAK. Tam Metin: PDF (Türkçe) (374 KB) Sepete Ekle Hemen Satın Al (15 TL) Makaleyi satın almalı veya dergiye abone olmalısınız. ...

Stakeholder involvement in modeling studies is increasing. Fuzzy Cognitive Maps (FCMs) are emergi... more Stakeholder involvement in modeling studies is increasing. Fuzzy Cognitive Maps (FCMs) are emerging as a promising tool to provide a common base for stakeholders and modelers. FCMs developed by stakeholders from three local Mediterranean case studies are used to construct a stakeholder based FCM. This is done via a workshop in which the locally developed FCMs are merged by regional experts. Graphs and quasi-dynamic output are then compared with an FCM based on a mathematical model (WaterGAP). This model-based FCM was developed in a small workshop by WaterGAP modelers, based on their knowledge of the model. Results show that FCMs indeed have the ability to serve as a common base for linking participatory products and models. The quasi-dynamic output helps to get a better understanding of the commonalities and differences in the two system descriptions. The comparisons showed that FCM is a very promising tool for linking stakeholders and modelers. It can function as a common base for comparison and to illustrate differences between stakeholder perceptions and models in detail. The system dynamics of FCMs can play an important role in the comparison between system perspectives and the dissemination process.

In this study, we analyze the effects of trade liberalization and productivity growth in agricult... more In this study, we analyze the effects of trade liberalization and productivity growth in agricultural activities on Turkey by using a dynamic CGE model calibrated to 2008 data. The simulation results suggest that Turkish economy is capable of accommodating the adverse effects of trade liberalization. There are significant welfare gains if trade liberalization is accompanied by the CAP payments in the accession scenario. Productivity increase in agri-food production by just decreasing food waste has prominent effects on welfare,trade and food security for the growing population.JRC.J.4-Agriculture and Life Sciences in the Econom

ERC Working Papers in Economics 04/10, 2004

Notes: a all in current USD. b new definition. c HS from 1 to 24 plus agricultural raw materials.... more Notes: a all in current USD. b new definition. c HS from 1 to 24 plus agricultural raw materials. e estimate, n.a. not available.

Social Science Research Network, 2013

This paper analyses the effects of climate change and trade liberalization on Turkish Economy bet... more This paper analyses the effects of climate change and trade liberalization on Turkish Economy between 2008 and 2099 by using a recursive dynamic CGE model. Results of a crop-irrigation requirement model are used to generate climate change shocks. The results suggest that the effects of climate change will be effective especially after 2030s with acceleration after 2060s. GDP loss gets as high as 3.5 percent. Main drivers of the loss in GDP are the significant decline in private consumption and up to two percent increase in imports. A trade liberalization scenario where tariffs on imports from EU are eliminated unilaterally by Turkey is also simulated to investigate the interaction between climate change and trade liberalization. Trade policy alleviates the negative effects of climate change only marginally for Turkey, as suggested by the literature for many other regions in the world. Trade liberalization with EU causes a trade diversion effect and decreases imports from other trading regions. The main adjustment mechanism of the economy under trade liberalization works through the substitution of factors for intermediate goods, imported consumption goods and intermediate inputs for domestic goods. Maize, oilseeds, fruits and processed food benefit from trade liberalization while production of other crops generally decline.

Climate and Development, Oct 4, 2017

This paper quantifies the economic effects of climate change on Turkey. We use an integrated fram... more This paper quantifies the economic effects of climate change on Turkey. We use an integrated framework that combines an economy-wide model with a crop water requirement model to analyse the probable effects of the B1 scenario of the intergovernmental panel on climate change which is comparable to representative concentration pathway 4.5 scenario. Results suggest that the economic effects of climate change will not have serious economic effects over the period up to late 2030s, but the negative effects dominate the economy in the second half of this century. This provides Turkey an excellent opportunity to increase resilience and implement appropriate adaptation policies. The impact of climate change varies across regions. Agriculture and food production will be heavily affected. Especially irrigated production will decline as water stress increases. Significant decline in agricultural production is transmitted throughout the economy and reduces national welfare. Part of agriculture's decline is compensated by imports, thus deteriorating Turkey's food trade balance.

Working Paper Series, 2014

Typescript prepared by Judy Hartley for UNU-WIDER. UNU-WIDER gratefully acknowledges the financia... more Typescript prepared by Judy Hartley for UNU-WIDER. UNU-WIDER gratefully acknowledges the financial contributions to the research programme from the governments of Denmark, Finland, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. The World Institute for Development Economics Research (WIDER) was established by the United Nations University (UNU) as its first research and training centre and started work in Helsinki, Finland in 1985. The Institute undertakes applied research and policy analysis on structural changes affecting the developing and transitional economies, provides a forum for the advocacy of policies leading to robust, equitable and environmentally sustainable growth, and promotes capacity strengthening and training in the field of economic and social policy-making. Work is carried out by staff researchers and visiting scholars in Helsinki and through networks of collaborating scholars and institutions around the world.

İktisat işletme ve finans, Mar 1, 1996

... Makale işlemlerine ulaşmak için üye girişi yapmanız gerekmektedir. Gatt Ve Gümrük Birliğinin ... more ... Makale işlemlerine ulaşmak için üye girişi yapmanız gerekmektedir. Gatt Ve Gümrük Birliğinin Türk Tarımına Etkisi. Erol ÇAKMAK. Tam Metin: PDF (Türkçe) (2559 KB) Sepete Ekle Hemen Satın Al (15 TL) Makaleyi satın almalı veya dergiye abone olmalısınız. ...

OECD studies on water, Mar 2, 2010

This document, Agricultural Water Pricing: Turkey, by Erol H. Cakmak, of the Middle East Technica... more This document, Agricultural Water Pricing: Turkey, by Erol H. Cakmak, of the Middle East Technical University in Ankara, is one of the background reports supporting the OECD study (2010) Sustainable Management of Water Resources in Agriculture, which is available at www.oecd.org/water.

RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2012

If the documents have been made available under an Open Content Licence (especially Creative Comm... more If the documents have been made available under an Open Content Licence (especially Creative Commons Licences), you may exercise further usage rights as specified in the indicated licence.