Abhishek K U M A R Verma | Mewar University,Chittorgarh (original) (raw)

Papers by Abhishek K U M A R Verma

This research aims to find out whether the synthetic 1, 2, 4-triazine and its derivatives have an... more This research aims to find out whether the synthetic 1, 2, 4-triazine and its derivatives have antifungal effects and can protect humans from infection with Candida albicans. Molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation are widely used in modern drug design to target a We are interested in using molecular docking and molecular dynamics modelling to investigate the interaction between the derivatives of 1, 2, 4-triazine and the resulting lanosterol 14 - demethylase (CYP51) of Candida albicans The inhibition of Candida albicans CYP51 is the main goal of our research. The 1, 2, 4-triazine and its derivatives have been docked to the CYP51 enzyme, which is involved in Candida albicans Multidrug Drug Resistance (MDR). Autodock tools were used to identifying the binding affinities of molecules against the target proteins. Compared to conventional fluconazole, the molecular docking results indicated that each drug has a high binding affinity for CYP51 proteins and forms unbound intera...

IAR Journal of Medical Case Reports, 2021

The term neurodegenerative refers to diseases that are usually recognized by symptoms like decrea... more The term neurodegenerative refers to diseases that are usually recognized by symptoms like decreased motor control, mood disorders, an d cognitive deficits. Some of the common neurodegenerative diseases are Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, frontotemporal dementia, and the spinocerebellar ataxias. These diseases are complex and diverse in their pathophysiology with some causing memory and cognitive impairments and others affecting a person's ability to move, speak, control, and breathe. T here are some prevalent drugs and therapies, which seems to be effective in improving the disease condition. Thus, It is need of the hour to develop new and more effective therapeutic approaches and strategies to manage and potentially tackle these devastating neurodegenerative diseases.

IAR Journal of Medical Case Reports, 2021

The term neurodegenerative refers to diseases that are usually recognized by symptoms like decrea... more The term neurodegenerative refers to diseases that are usually recognized by symptoms like decreased motor control, mood disorders, an d cognitive deficits. Some of the common neurodegenerative diseases are Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, frontotemporal dementia, and the spinocerebellar ataxias. These diseases are complex and diverse in their pathophysiology with some causing memory and cognitive impairments and others affecting a person's ability to move, speak, control, and breathe. T here are some prevalent drugs and therapies, which seems to be effective in improving the disease condition. Thus, It is need of the hour to develop new and more effective therapeutic approaches and strategies to manage and potentially tackle these devastating neurodegenerative diseases.

International Journal of Fauna and Biological Studies, 2021

The hypothesis of "Survival of the fittest", which was linked with Darwin's natural selection has... more The hypothesis of "Survival of the fittest", which was linked with Darwin's natural selection has been in existence for several decades and had been challenged by various scholars from different schools of thought. Although it was accepted too at a particular time in evolution, as it lacks some basis for as long as today's world is concerned. If technologies, economies, environmental problems and diseases are evolving and transforming, so do we have sufficient knowledge that who will be fit to survive in such a situation? Nobody has ever thought that the whole world will stop one at a particular time or day, but you could witness the helplessness of humankind within this year 2019-2020 as a result of COVID-19. Several questions have been raised in order to know that who is responsible for this and what should be done? How to tackle with the situation and many other problems are yet to address including climate change which is of utmost importance in present scenario As a result of these and many other reasons, it is important to reevaluate the hypothesis of survival of the fittest to be fit in our present world. Incorporating awareness in the hypothesis may bring about several aspects which seem to be excluded in the previous hypothesis. Awareness may include but not limited to one's own life style (i.e. consciousness of the impact of their actions or activities on the environment), access to information, knowledge of current world trends and happenings and their timing. Here we represent an improved hypothesis of "Survival of the Fittest and tried to explore current aspects that suits in ongoing conditions.

Acta Scientific Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2021

Severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a novel coronavirus that causes coronavirus d... more Severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a novel coronavirus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), an infection characterized by flu-like symptoms, progressing in some cases to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). That WHO to declare it as global pandemic. Based on the information gained from the responses to other RNA coronaviruses, including the strains that cause severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-coronaviruses and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), effort are put in place to develop effective therapeutic agent against the COVID-19. Currently, there is no therapeutic candidate for this virus but the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has provided emergency authorization for the use of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine and other promising antiviral drugs. Although the result of ongoing clinical trials are not out, but some provide promising result in vitro. The most important factor associated with pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2 is the host immune response which results due to binding of spike glycoprotein to its receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) but concerned has arose for the continuous expressing of ACE in affected patient especially patient with pregnancy as this might increase the susceptibility of the patient although there is no strong evidence for it involvement for susceptibility of the affected patients. Despite the continuous evolving and dynamics on the literature of COVID-19, using the existing knowledge, possible drug target have been identified for the development of the effective vaccine. Since there is no effective therapeutic drug for the current pandemic, drug repurposing might be a viable strategy and specific prophylaxis regimen should be provide to reduce the toxicity on the affected patients and the clinical trial should be based on the specificity and efficacy of the drug. This review provide information on the Novel invention and new guidelines or protocol for SARS-COV-2.

Journal of Fisheries and Life Sciences , 2020

Every ecosystem is affected by climate change day by day. The decline in fish catch in tropical ... more Every ecosystem is affected by climate change day by day. The decline in fish catch in tropical rivers, changes in species distribution, spawning time, mortality, and loss of habitat, as well as falls in productivity in developing countries, is an alarming phenomenon that needs quick intervention. Tropical species are amassed differently across the various region, they also possess diverse life history physiologies and ecological communities. Thus, in contrast to polar and temperate regions, different responses to climate change might be exhibited by tropical species and their communities. This review provides a critical summary of the effect of climate change on fisheries in tropical regions and the current state of knowledge on the challenges faced. It discusses research priorities to understand better the ways of adapting to such challenges by browsing how species and ecological communities are acclimatizing to climate change in the most biodiverse places in such regions. Other strategies for managing climate change were also considered to be of relatively much importance. This paper suggests other important strategies for mitigating the effects of climate change, considering the social and economic outlays.

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, 2020

Coronaviruses are one of the transmissible viruses that are mostly reliable for respiratory, inte... more Coronaviruses are one of the transmissible viruses that are mostly reliable for respiratory, intestinal and urogenital tract
infections. Various researchers demonstrated that the main protease (MPRO) protein might be an important drug target for
SARS-CoV-2. The treatment of illnesses by the oral tradition have long been associated with Natural herbal remedies
(NHRs). Modern medicine has potential effects, thanks to traditional medicine, the effectiveness of which derives from
medicinal plants including with herbs and shrubs. Objective of this study is to confirm the ingredient of the natural origin
compounds (NOCs) which have a potential of anti-viral effect (AVE) and can prevent the humans from SARS-CoV-2
infection. We are interested to figure out the interaction study between the molecules of natural origin compound and the
protein of SARS-CoV-2 through molecular docking. The inhibition of Coronavirus (nCoV-2019) main protease enzyme is
an important target of our study. All the compounds from Curcuma longa L. (Zingiberaceae family) had been screened for
the inhibition of MPRO protein through in silico methods. From molecular docking report the results we obtained that is
out of 235 molecules of natural origin the derivative of Curcumin are one of the best compounds determined through
molecular docking and hydrogen bonding with interaction are proposed as the may be novel inhibitor for the SARS-CoV-2
main protease. We demonstrate using Swiss ADME online server tools that all sixteen molecules have better “drug-likeness”
than control and does not violate any Ghose, Lipinski, Egan, Veber or Muegge rules. Importantly, all sixteen compounds
may be more potent than chloroquine in treatment of COVID-19 according to Molecular docking, interactions and ADME
Properties.

Dermestes maculatus is a very important pest of smoke-dried fish that destroys the flesh, eating ... more Dermestes maculatus is a very important pest of smoke-dried fish that destroys the flesh, eating away the muscles, and leaving the skeletons when cured fish are stored for long period. This necessitates the idea of establishing an alternative repellant from natural plant products. In this article, compounds of Capsicum annum will be studied against repellent protein NDS2 of D. maculatus. The compounds present in C. annum. were docked against The NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 (NDS2) protein of D. maculatus. PyRx-Python prescription 0.8 was used to identify binding affinities of compounds against the proteins. The results we obtained from molecular docking show that among 48 molecules of natural origin from C. annuum was downloaded in SDF format from the NCBI PubChem database. Six molecules are the best compounds observed through molecular docking and some hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions are proposed as the efficacy from C. annuum on a repellent protein of D. maculatus. The molecular docking was performed to establish efficacy and binding affinity of ligands from C. annum on the repellent protein of D. maculatus. ADMET analysis is performed to establish the possible toxicity of the ligands. Importantly, all six natural compounds present in C. annum. may be more potent in new insecticide against NSD2 in D. maculatus but needs further experimental research.

Acta Scientific Pharmaceutical Sciences (ISSN: 2581-5423), 2020

Pathogenesis, Epidemiology, and Clinical Features among SARS-CoV-2 and Associated Diseases: An Ed... more Pathogenesis, Epidemiology, and Clinical Features among SARS-CoV-2 and Associated Diseases: An Editorial

Acta Scientific Pharmacology, 2020

The COVID-19 is a pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus has presented a striking challenge into the... more The COVID-19 is a pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus has presented a striking challenge into the health care systems (HCSs) around the World and currently is the source of public health concern globally. The treatment of this disease has remained challenging as there are no proven effective vaccines or therapeutic agents against the virus. Cytokine Storm Syndrome (CSS) is an unregulated inflammatory process response arising from immune effector cells (IECs) releasing proinflammatory cytokines. That occurs as a result of the overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines. CSS is a frequently occurring feature of severe infections with COVID-19 pneumonia and violent inflammatory immune response (VIIR) is stimulated by cytokine storm syndrome (CSS) is misleading into the development of symptoms such as fever, throat infections, headaches, dizziness, fatigue, cardiomyopathy, lung injury, acute respiratory distress, multiple organ failure, and subsequent death of the majority of the patients. The new therapeutic strategies under investigation are targeting to the overactive cytokine response (OCR) within the anti-cytokine therapies and immu-nosuppressive agents. CSS helps to down-regulate and dampen the aberrant pro-inflammatory response of the host and may bring an understanding and insights into the treatment of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. In this review, we have outlined and discussed the different types of cytokines therapies and their mechanism of actions. Currently, being explored and evaluated those that are not yet evaluated for their efficacy and safety in the treatment of COVID-19 and associated with the cytokine storm syndrome (CSS). We suggested that the clinical trials should be initiated for those are new therapies that are not yet explored to evaluate their efficacy and safety in the management and treatment of COVID-19 pneumonia and the SARS-CoV-2.

Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies , 2020

The cowpea weevil, Callosobruchus maculatus is one of the most prevalent and a major destructive ... more The cowpea weevil, Callosobruchus maculatus is one of the most prevalent and a major destructive insect pest of stored legumes. Organophosphorus, pyrethroid insecticides, and the fumigants (i.e. phosphine and methyl bromide) are basically use in the control of these insect populations around the world. Although effective, their repeated use for decades has fostered environmental imbalance, sabotaging non-target organisms and human health concerns, high persistence as well as genetic resistance. This present article is a collection of up to date information on biological control of 60 different types of plants extract against the Callosobruchus maculatus activity on cowpea and their effect on human health by different authors.

Acta Scientific Pharmaceutical Sciences (ISSN: 2581-5423), 2020

The current global pandemic of SARS-CoV-2 is a great challenge to the man, the virus has affected... more The current global pandemic of SARS-CoV-2 is a great challenge to the man, the virus has affected over 7 million people globally as
of 12th June 2020. Also Nowadays, Media has become an essential part of human life. This research entails finding out how these two
are going that is how media is affecting the current pandemic and also to find the role media plays in controlling the situation or helping
the public to overcome the current situations. Reliability analysis was used to measure how reliable the questions carried in the
research are, descriptive statistics were used to find out which among the subgroups of media is inflicting fear in the mind of public
and correlation analysis was used to find how the variables are related using the collected data obtained through research questionnaire.
The results obtained shows that public media (Television, Radio and Newspaper) are doing their best in making people less
afraid by broadcasting positive news, whereas, social media (Facebook, Twitter and Instagram) platforms are contributing in making
people very afraid due to the habit of a share as you received.

This review provides an insight into the Elementary idea of COVID-19 and also provides the urrent... more This review provides an insight into the Elementary idea of COVID-19 and also provides the urrent situation and represents a picture of the current state of the art in terms of public health impact, pathophysiology and clinical manifestations, diagnosis, case management, emergency response and preparedness. At the end of 2019 in Wuhan (Hubei, China) a series of pneumonia cases of unknown cause emerged. A few weeks later, in January 2020, a novel virus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was identified as causative agent for that observed pneumonia cluster after deep

Mahi Publication

Homemade herbal sanitizer (HHS) is more useful for your hands and malty tasking uses unlike shake... more Homemade herbal sanitizer (HHS) is more useful for your hands and malty tasking uses unlike shake hands, love of appreciation, respect to seniors, or in your home with new people. Homemade herbal sanitizer (HHS) work is going on different targets for more medical therapy, infection-free, and developing the immune system to fight against the COVID-19 & SARS-CoV-2. This activity occurs with exposure in your hands with viruses and bacteria. These are linking with harmful germs and create/regenerate multiple diseases and several health issues.Homemade herbal sanitizer (HHS) has a great option to maintain cleanliness for the common public. Now available sanitizer has some of them contained with chemicals and alcohol is that leaving your hand dry, itchy, and skin cancer. This might be the reason so many people are conscious about hygiene and cleanliness and the potential risk of chemicals and alcohol. Homemade herbal sanitizer (HHS) sanitizing your hand, body and develop your immune system in straightway helps to public health and helpful in hospitals & Institutes.

IOSR Journal Of Pharmacy And Biological Sciences (IOSR-JPBS), 2020

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder affecting many people all over the ... more Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder affecting many people all over the world. The disease is associated with long-term dysfunction, failure and damage of various organs thus, affects virtually every physiological system of the body. The chronic insulin resistance, progressive decline in β-cell function or increased rate of cell death results decreased insulin production and finally leads the disease. Some therapeutic plant have showed hypoglycemic activities but the precise mechanism of action of these drugs at cellular level is yet not known and thus no better formulation of indigenous medicine could be developed till date for the treatment of the disease. In this study, we targeted enzymes (G6PC), and transporter (SGLT-1) that involved in Diabetes mellitus, we studied molecular interactions of 19 bioactive compounds in PistiaStratiotes leaves against diabetic targets namely: Glucose-6-phosphatase (G6PC, PDB ID: 1VNF) and Sodium-Glucose transporter-1 (SGLT1, PDB ID: 3DH4) were assessed.
Material and Methods: Molecular docking studies were performed using screening tool AutoDock 4.2.6 and the program PyRx v 0.8 docking softwares respectively.Pharmacophore analysis andthe PDB structures of bioactive compounds, Enzymes and the Enzyme-ligand interaction were visualized using Discovery Studio 4.5 and PyMOL Molecular Graphics System 1.3. The Swiss ADME was used to assess other physiochemical properties of these hit compounds.
Result: The docking studies of multifarious ligands with the target proteins showed good inhibitory activity, amongst the compounds screenedStigmasterol (Diisooctyl phthalate Phytol acetate were within the range for satisfying all the Lipinski's rule of five to be considered as drug like potential. But on the other hand Tetracosahexaene was not satisfying all the Lipinski's rule of five to be considered as drug like potential. Under the Rule of Five, a molecule can only be orally active/absorb if it does not violate any two or more of the above rules. However, some complicated natural products are not suited to the rules. Conclusion: All these four phytocompounds (Stigmasterol, Glycerol-1-Palmitate, Diisooctyl phthalate and Phytol acetate) can act as potent antidiabetic agents. They can be further subjected to fractionation and isolation to confirm their activity towards in vitro and in vivo studies and can be commercialized as a potent antidiabeticagents.

Acta Scientific Pharmaceutical Sciences (ISSN: 2581-5423), 2020

Currently, coronaviruses are contagious pathogens and primarily responsible for respiratory and i... more Currently, coronaviruses are contagious pathogens and primarily responsible for respiratory and intestinal infections (RIIs). Research on progress to develop antiviral agents (AVAs) against these coronavirus. Researcher had been demonstrated that the main protease (Mpro) protein may represents an effective drug target (EDT) [1]. The novel Corona-virus (n-CoV), recently called as the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). The need of the hour is required progress on research into drugs to treat this infection. SARS-CoV-2 remains essential in several research laboratories among the both (national and international). Natural herbal remedies (NHRs) have long been associated with the oral tradition for treating illnesses. Modern medicine has potential effects thanks to traditional medicine, the effectiveness of which derives from medicinal plants including with herbs and shrubs [2]. Objectively this study is to determine the components of the natural origin compounds (NOCs) have an anti-viral effect (AVE) and capable to prevent the humans from viral infection SARS-CoV-2. This coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 is using the most reliable method is suitable for molecular docking. We used to find out the interaction study between the molecules and the protein. In our study based on the inhibitor of Coronavirus (nCoV-2019) main protease enzyme. We performed in silico method for screening of all the compounds from Curcuma longa L. (Zingiberaceae family) against Mpro protein inhibition. Coronaviruses are a group of RNA viruses that causes diseases among mammals and birds. This viruses are constituting with very non-segmented positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses (NSPSSSRVs), which are the important part of the family Corona-viridae. Researcher distributed in humans [3] and the subfamily Orthocoronavirinae, order Nidovirales, and realm Riboviria.

Acta Scientific Pharamaceutical Sciences, 2020

Abstract Keywords: Salmonella enterica; Serotype typhi; Cell Invasion Protein SipB; Natural Produ... more Abstract
Keywords: Salmonella enterica; Serotype typhi; Cell Invasion Protein SipB; Natural Product Library; Molecular Docking
Background: The most dangerous issue in the healthcare arises is outbreak of the antibiotic-resistant bacteria worldwide. The randomness of Salmonella infections rely on its serotypes and the immune response of the host. Children up to age of 5 years and patients of older age are prone to the salmonella infections. The virulence genes of Salmonella encodes five different groups of Cell invasion proteins (CIPs), including Sip A, B, C, D and E. Upon contact with the target cell, SipB undergo ‘type III’ export from the bacterial cytoplasm and translocate into the cell membrane. Caspase-1 activity is essential for the cytotoxicity, and it has been proven that binding of SipB to caspase-1 induces macrophage apoptosis, so functional inhibition of caspase-1 blocks macrophage cytotoxicity.
Methods: This study is to determine the components of the natural origin compounds (NOCs) have an anti-bacterial effect (ABE) and capable to prevent the humans from bacterial infection Salmonella enterica serotype typhi. This Salmonella is using the most reliable method is suitable for molecular docking. We used to find out the interaction study between the molecules and the protein. In our study based on the inhibitor of Cell Invasion Protein SipB from Salmonella. We performed In Silico method for screening of all the natural compounds against Cell Invasion Protein SipB inhibition.
Results and Discussion: The results we obtained from molecular docking shown that among 2228 molecules of natural origin from natural product compounds library (20200427-L1400) was retrieved in SDF format from Inhibitor Expert (Selleckchem.com). Fifteen molecules are the best compounds observed through molecular docking and hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonding with interaction are proposed as the novel inhibitors against the Cell Invasion Protein SipB from Salmonella. We demonstrate using SwissADME online server tools and DruLito that all fifteen natural molecules has better “drug-likeness and does not violate any Lipinski, Ghose, Veber, Egan or Muegge rules.
Conclusion: Importantly, all fifteen natural compounds are more potent in treatment of against Cell Invasion Protein SipB in Salmonella typhi but needs further experimental research.

ACTA SCIENTIFIC MICROBIOLOGY (ISSN: 2581-3226), 2020

Abstract Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; Laboratory Diagnosis; Molecular Method; Serological; Pat... more Abstract
Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; Laboratory Diagnosis; Molecular Method; Serological; Patients Management
Introduction
Background: COVID-19 is a new form of Coronavirus which is resembling the same as SARS-CoV-2. This virus leads to cause severe respiratory diseases among the people. Coronavirus is declared as the pandemic by the WHO on March 11, 2020. Transmission of the disease is mainly due to the person to person contact by any means.
Materials and Methods: We detect the disease primary screening is necessary for a speedy recovery. PCR and other nucleic acid amplification are mainly used to diagnose the Covid-19. For the detection of the SARS, its gene is targeted in the amplification. The genes which are targeted are E, N, S, RdRp and ORf. Mutation in the SARS-CoV-2 genome is also detected by the various nucleic acid detection tests. We improve the detection of this pandemic, the only thing is to increase the involvement of Serological testing and molecular methods.
Results: The majority of 85-95% factor becomes useful to overcome this disease is early detection rate of the disease SARS-CoV-2.Molecular and serological findings should need to work simultaneously for the improvement in the diagnosis and the treatment approximately 85% laboratory.
Conclusion: The only factor which becomes useful to overcome this disease is early detection of the disease.Molecular and serologicalstudyshould need to work simultaneously for the improvement in the diagnosis and the treatment. The need of the hour is to maintain and introduced laboratory networking and its application.

Open Journal of Medical Microbiology, Scientific Research Publishing , 2020

The new coronavirus called SARS-CoV-2 is a new type of virus named as COVID-19. Although, it has ... more The new coronavirus called SARS-CoV-2 is a new type of virus named as COVID-19. Although, it has few similarities with pandemic flu viruses, the respiratory system and immune system are damaged through the viruses infected the population who has weakened immunity. SARS-CoV-2 spreads when people don't have the sign and symptoms. This virus COVID-19 appears to spread more easily than the flu, and asymptomatic transmission may account for a greater proportion of COVID-19's spreader over the World. In inundation of the current understanding, the roles of insect vectors are helping in the transmission of viral pathogens as well and the possible roles of some newly joined insects in the mechanical transmission of COVID-19. We also specifically provide the prevention and control methods related to contamination , disease burden, risk pattern in the family, near and dear to maintain the precision of social distancing and development of the immune system to fight against SARS-CoV-2.

Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 2020

Objectives: In this study, we targeted enzymes (Erg11, Erg5, Erg3), transporters (CDR1, CDR2), an... more Objectives: In this study, we targeted enzymes (Erg11, Erg5, Erg3), transporters (CDR1, CDR2), and cytochrome 450 (CaALK8) involved in MDR of Candida albicans, which caused fungal disease. ATP-binding cassette (ABC) and some other major facilitator superfamilies (MFS) of transporters are responsible for MDR in Candida Albicans. Material and methods: The compounds present in Parthenium hysterophorus L. were docked against the proteins involved in MDR of Candida Albicans. PyRx-Python prescription 0.8. was used to identify binding affinities of compounds against the proteins.

This research aims to find out whether the synthetic 1, 2, 4-triazine and its derivatives have an... more This research aims to find out whether the synthetic 1, 2, 4-triazine and its derivatives have antifungal effects and can protect humans from infection with Candida albicans. Molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation are widely used in modern drug design to target a We are interested in using molecular docking and molecular dynamics modelling to investigate the interaction between the derivatives of 1, 2, 4-triazine and the resulting lanosterol 14 - demethylase (CYP51) of Candida albicans The inhibition of Candida albicans CYP51 is the main goal of our research. The 1, 2, 4-triazine and its derivatives have been docked to the CYP51 enzyme, which is involved in Candida albicans Multidrug Drug Resistance (MDR). Autodock tools were used to identifying the binding affinities of molecules against the target proteins. Compared to conventional fluconazole, the molecular docking results indicated that each drug has a high binding affinity for CYP51 proteins and forms unbound intera...

IAR Journal of Medical Case Reports, 2021

The term neurodegenerative refers to diseases that are usually recognized by symptoms like decrea... more The term neurodegenerative refers to diseases that are usually recognized by symptoms like decreased motor control, mood disorders, an d cognitive deficits. Some of the common neurodegenerative diseases are Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, frontotemporal dementia, and the spinocerebellar ataxias. These diseases are complex and diverse in their pathophysiology with some causing memory and cognitive impairments and others affecting a person's ability to move, speak, control, and breathe. T here are some prevalent drugs and therapies, which seems to be effective in improving the disease condition. Thus, It is need of the hour to develop new and more effective therapeutic approaches and strategies to manage and potentially tackle these devastating neurodegenerative diseases.

IAR Journal of Medical Case Reports, 2021

The term neurodegenerative refers to diseases that are usually recognized by symptoms like decrea... more The term neurodegenerative refers to diseases that are usually recognized by symptoms like decreased motor control, mood disorders, an d cognitive deficits. Some of the common neurodegenerative diseases are Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, frontotemporal dementia, and the spinocerebellar ataxias. These diseases are complex and diverse in their pathophysiology with some causing memory and cognitive impairments and others affecting a person's ability to move, speak, control, and breathe. T here are some prevalent drugs and therapies, which seems to be effective in improving the disease condition. Thus, It is need of the hour to develop new and more effective therapeutic approaches and strategies to manage and potentially tackle these devastating neurodegenerative diseases.

International Journal of Fauna and Biological Studies, 2021

The hypothesis of "Survival of the fittest", which was linked with Darwin's natural selection has... more The hypothesis of "Survival of the fittest", which was linked with Darwin's natural selection has been in existence for several decades and had been challenged by various scholars from different schools of thought. Although it was accepted too at a particular time in evolution, as it lacks some basis for as long as today's world is concerned. If technologies, economies, environmental problems and diseases are evolving and transforming, so do we have sufficient knowledge that who will be fit to survive in such a situation? Nobody has ever thought that the whole world will stop one at a particular time or day, but you could witness the helplessness of humankind within this year 2019-2020 as a result of COVID-19. Several questions have been raised in order to know that who is responsible for this and what should be done? How to tackle with the situation and many other problems are yet to address including climate change which is of utmost importance in present scenario As a result of these and many other reasons, it is important to reevaluate the hypothesis of survival of the fittest to be fit in our present world. Incorporating awareness in the hypothesis may bring about several aspects which seem to be excluded in the previous hypothesis. Awareness may include but not limited to one's own life style (i.e. consciousness of the impact of their actions or activities on the environment), access to information, knowledge of current world trends and happenings and their timing. Here we represent an improved hypothesis of "Survival of the Fittest and tried to explore current aspects that suits in ongoing conditions.

Acta Scientific Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2021

Severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a novel coronavirus that causes coronavirus d... more Severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a novel coronavirus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), an infection characterized by flu-like symptoms, progressing in some cases to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). That WHO to declare it as global pandemic. Based on the information gained from the responses to other RNA coronaviruses, including the strains that cause severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-coronaviruses and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), effort are put in place to develop effective therapeutic agent against the COVID-19. Currently, there is no therapeutic candidate for this virus but the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has provided emergency authorization for the use of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine and other promising antiviral drugs. Although the result of ongoing clinical trials are not out, but some provide promising result in vitro. The most important factor associated with pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2 is the host immune response which results due to binding of spike glycoprotein to its receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) but concerned has arose for the continuous expressing of ACE in affected patient especially patient with pregnancy as this might increase the susceptibility of the patient although there is no strong evidence for it involvement for susceptibility of the affected patients. Despite the continuous evolving and dynamics on the literature of COVID-19, using the existing knowledge, possible drug target have been identified for the development of the effective vaccine. Since there is no effective therapeutic drug for the current pandemic, drug repurposing might be a viable strategy and specific prophylaxis regimen should be provide to reduce the toxicity on the affected patients and the clinical trial should be based on the specificity and efficacy of the drug. This review provide information on the Novel invention and new guidelines or protocol for SARS-COV-2.

Journal of Fisheries and Life Sciences , 2020

Every ecosystem is affected by climate change day by day. The decline in fish catch in tropical ... more Every ecosystem is affected by climate change day by day. The decline in fish catch in tropical rivers, changes in species distribution, spawning time, mortality, and loss of habitat, as well as falls in productivity in developing countries, is an alarming phenomenon that needs quick intervention. Tropical species are amassed differently across the various region, they also possess diverse life history physiologies and ecological communities. Thus, in contrast to polar and temperate regions, different responses to climate change might be exhibited by tropical species and their communities. This review provides a critical summary of the effect of climate change on fisheries in tropical regions and the current state of knowledge on the challenges faced. It discusses research priorities to understand better the ways of adapting to such challenges by browsing how species and ecological communities are acclimatizing to climate change in the most biodiverse places in such regions. Other strategies for managing climate change were also considered to be of relatively much importance. This paper suggests other important strategies for mitigating the effects of climate change, considering the social and economic outlays.

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, 2020

Coronaviruses are one of the transmissible viruses that are mostly reliable for respiratory, inte... more Coronaviruses are one of the transmissible viruses that are mostly reliable for respiratory, intestinal and urogenital tract
infections. Various researchers demonstrated that the main protease (MPRO) protein might be an important drug target for
SARS-CoV-2. The treatment of illnesses by the oral tradition have long been associated with Natural herbal remedies
(NHRs). Modern medicine has potential effects, thanks to traditional medicine, the effectiveness of which derives from
medicinal plants including with herbs and shrubs. Objective of this study is to confirm the ingredient of the natural origin
compounds (NOCs) which have a potential of anti-viral effect (AVE) and can prevent the humans from SARS-CoV-2
infection. We are interested to figure out the interaction study between the molecules of natural origin compound and the
protein of SARS-CoV-2 through molecular docking. The inhibition of Coronavirus (nCoV-2019) main protease enzyme is
an important target of our study. All the compounds from Curcuma longa L. (Zingiberaceae family) had been screened for
the inhibition of MPRO protein through in silico methods. From molecular docking report the results we obtained that is
out of 235 molecules of natural origin the derivative of Curcumin are one of the best compounds determined through
molecular docking and hydrogen bonding with interaction are proposed as the may be novel inhibitor for the SARS-CoV-2
main protease. We demonstrate using Swiss ADME online server tools that all sixteen molecules have better “drug-likeness”
than control and does not violate any Ghose, Lipinski, Egan, Veber or Muegge rules. Importantly, all sixteen compounds
may be more potent than chloroquine in treatment of COVID-19 according to Molecular docking, interactions and ADME
Properties.

Dermestes maculatus is a very important pest of smoke-dried fish that destroys the flesh, eating ... more Dermestes maculatus is a very important pest of smoke-dried fish that destroys the flesh, eating away the muscles, and leaving the skeletons when cured fish are stored for long period. This necessitates the idea of establishing an alternative repellant from natural plant products. In this article, compounds of Capsicum annum will be studied against repellent protein NDS2 of D. maculatus. The compounds present in C. annum. were docked against The NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 (NDS2) protein of D. maculatus. PyRx-Python prescription 0.8 was used to identify binding affinities of compounds against the proteins. The results we obtained from molecular docking show that among 48 molecules of natural origin from C. annuum was downloaded in SDF format from the NCBI PubChem database. Six molecules are the best compounds observed through molecular docking and some hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions are proposed as the efficacy from C. annuum on a repellent protein of D. maculatus. The molecular docking was performed to establish efficacy and binding affinity of ligands from C. annum on the repellent protein of D. maculatus. ADMET analysis is performed to establish the possible toxicity of the ligands. Importantly, all six natural compounds present in C. annum. may be more potent in new insecticide against NSD2 in D. maculatus but needs further experimental research.

Acta Scientific Pharmaceutical Sciences (ISSN: 2581-5423), 2020

Pathogenesis, Epidemiology, and Clinical Features among SARS-CoV-2 and Associated Diseases: An Ed... more Pathogenesis, Epidemiology, and Clinical Features among SARS-CoV-2 and Associated Diseases: An Editorial

Acta Scientific Pharmacology, 2020

The COVID-19 is a pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus has presented a striking challenge into the... more The COVID-19 is a pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus has presented a striking challenge into the health care systems (HCSs) around the World and currently is the source of public health concern globally. The treatment of this disease has remained challenging as there are no proven effective vaccines or therapeutic agents against the virus. Cytokine Storm Syndrome (CSS) is an unregulated inflammatory process response arising from immune effector cells (IECs) releasing proinflammatory cytokines. That occurs as a result of the overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines. CSS is a frequently occurring feature of severe infections with COVID-19 pneumonia and violent inflammatory immune response (VIIR) is stimulated by cytokine storm syndrome (CSS) is misleading into the development of symptoms such as fever, throat infections, headaches, dizziness, fatigue, cardiomyopathy, lung injury, acute respiratory distress, multiple organ failure, and subsequent death of the majority of the patients. The new therapeutic strategies under investigation are targeting to the overactive cytokine response (OCR) within the anti-cytokine therapies and immu-nosuppressive agents. CSS helps to down-regulate and dampen the aberrant pro-inflammatory response of the host and may bring an understanding and insights into the treatment of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. In this review, we have outlined and discussed the different types of cytokines therapies and their mechanism of actions. Currently, being explored and evaluated those that are not yet evaluated for their efficacy and safety in the treatment of COVID-19 and associated with the cytokine storm syndrome (CSS). We suggested that the clinical trials should be initiated for those are new therapies that are not yet explored to evaluate their efficacy and safety in the management and treatment of COVID-19 pneumonia and the SARS-CoV-2.

Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies , 2020

The cowpea weevil, Callosobruchus maculatus is one of the most prevalent and a major destructive ... more The cowpea weevil, Callosobruchus maculatus is one of the most prevalent and a major destructive insect pest of stored legumes. Organophosphorus, pyrethroid insecticides, and the fumigants (i.e. phosphine and methyl bromide) are basically use in the control of these insect populations around the world. Although effective, their repeated use for decades has fostered environmental imbalance, sabotaging non-target organisms and human health concerns, high persistence as well as genetic resistance. This present article is a collection of up to date information on biological control of 60 different types of plants extract against the Callosobruchus maculatus activity on cowpea and their effect on human health by different authors.

Acta Scientific Pharmaceutical Sciences (ISSN: 2581-5423), 2020

The current global pandemic of SARS-CoV-2 is a great challenge to the man, the virus has affected... more The current global pandemic of SARS-CoV-2 is a great challenge to the man, the virus has affected over 7 million people globally as
of 12th June 2020. Also Nowadays, Media has become an essential part of human life. This research entails finding out how these two
are going that is how media is affecting the current pandemic and also to find the role media plays in controlling the situation or helping
the public to overcome the current situations. Reliability analysis was used to measure how reliable the questions carried in the
research are, descriptive statistics were used to find out which among the subgroups of media is inflicting fear in the mind of public
and correlation analysis was used to find how the variables are related using the collected data obtained through research questionnaire.
The results obtained shows that public media (Television, Radio and Newspaper) are doing their best in making people less
afraid by broadcasting positive news, whereas, social media (Facebook, Twitter and Instagram) platforms are contributing in making
people very afraid due to the habit of a share as you received.

This review provides an insight into the Elementary idea of COVID-19 and also provides the urrent... more This review provides an insight into the Elementary idea of COVID-19 and also provides the urrent situation and represents a picture of the current state of the art in terms of public health impact, pathophysiology and clinical manifestations, diagnosis, case management, emergency response and preparedness. At the end of 2019 in Wuhan (Hubei, China) a series of pneumonia cases of unknown cause emerged. A few weeks later, in January 2020, a novel virus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was identified as causative agent for that observed pneumonia cluster after deep

Mahi Publication

Homemade herbal sanitizer (HHS) is more useful for your hands and malty tasking uses unlike shake... more Homemade herbal sanitizer (HHS) is more useful for your hands and malty tasking uses unlike shake hands, love of appreciation, respect to seniors, or in your home with new people. Homemade herbal sanitizer (HHS) work is going on different targets for more medical therapy, infection-free, and developing the immune system to fight against the COVID-19 & SARS-CoV-2. This activity occurs with exposure in your hands with viruses and bacteria. These are linking with harmful germs and create/regenerate multiple diseases and several health issues.Homemade herbal sanitizer (HHS) has a great option to maintain cleanliness for the common public. Now available sanitizer has some of them contained with chemicals and alcohol is that leaving your hand dry, itchy, and skin cancer. This might be the reason so many people are conscious about hygiene and cleanliness and the potential risk of chemicals and alcohol. Homemade herbal sanitizer (HHS) sanitizing your hand, body and develop your immune system in straightway helps to public health and helpful in hospitals & Institutes.

IOSR Journal Of Pharmacy And Biological Sciences (IOSR-JPBS), 2020

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder affecting many people all over the ... more Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder affecting many people all over the world. The disease is associated with long-term dysfunction, failure and damage of various organs thus, affects virtually every physiological system of the body. The chronic insulin resistance, progressive decline in β-cell function or increased rate of cell death results decreased insulin production and finally leads the disease. Some therapeutic plant have showed hypoglycemic activities but the precise mechanism of action of these drugs at cellular level is yet not known and thus no better formulation of indigenous medicine could be developed till date for the treatment of the disease. In this study, we targeted enzymes (G6PC), and transporter (SGLT-1) that involved in Diabetes mellitus, we studied molecular interactions of 19 bioactive compounds in PistiaStratiotes leaves against diabetic targets namely: Glucose-6-phosphatase (G6PC, PDB ID: 1VNF) and Sodium-Glucose transporter-1 (SGLT1, PDB ID: 3DH4) were assessed.
Material and Methods: Molecular docking studies were performed using screening tool AutoDock 4.2.6 and the program PyRx v 0.8 docking softwares respectively.Pharmacophore analysis andthe PDB structures of bioactive compounds, Enzymes and the Enzyme-ligand interaction were visualized using Discovery Studio 4.5 and PyMOL Molecular Graphics System 1.3. The Swiss ADME was used to assess other physiochemical properties of these hit compounds.
Result: The docking studies of multifarious ligands with the target proteins showed good inhibitory activity, amongst the compounds screenedStigmasterol (Diisooctyl phthalate Phytol acetate were within the range for satisfying all the Lipinski's rule of five to be considered as drug like potential. But on the other hand Tetracosahexaene was not satisfying all the Lipinski's rule of five to be considered as drug like potential. Under the Rule of Five, a molecule can only be orally active/absorb if it does not violate any two or more of the above rules. However, some complicated natural products are not suited to the rules. Conclusion: All these four phytocompounds (Stigmasterol, Glycerol-1-Palmitate, Diisooctyl phthalate and Phytol acetate) can act as potent antidiabetic agents. They can be further subjected to fractionation and isolation to confirm their activity towards in vitro and in vivo studies and can be commercialized as a potent antidiabeticagents.

Acta Scientific Pharmaceutical Sciences (ISSN: 2581-5423), 2020

Currently, coronaviruses are contagious pathogens and primarily responsible for respiratory and i... more Currently, coronaviruses are contagious pathogens and primarily responsible for respiratory and intestinal infections (RIIs). Research on progress to develop antiviral agents (AVAs) against these coronavirus. Researcher had been demonstrated that the main protease (Mpro) protein may represents an effective drug target (EDT) [1]. The novel Corona-virus (n-CoV), recently called as the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). The need of the hour is required progress on research into drugs to treat this infection. SARS-CoV-2 remains essential in several research laboratories among the both (national and international). Natural herbal remedies (NHRs) have long been associated with the oral tradition for treating illnesses. Modern medicine has potential effects thanks to traditional medicine, the effectiveness of which derives from medicinal plants including with herbs and shrubs [2]. Objectively this study is to determine the components of the natural origin compounds (NOCs) have an anti-viral effect (AVE) and capable to prevent the humans from viral infection SARS-CoV-2. This coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 is using the most reliable method is suitable for molecular docking. We used to find out the interaction study between the molecules and the protein. In our study based on the inhibitor of Coronavirus (nCoV-2019) main protease enzyme. We performed in silico method for screening of all the compounds from Curcuma longa L. (Zingiberaceae family) against Mpro protein inhibition. Coronaviruses are a group of RNA viruses that causes diseases among mammals and birds. This viruses are constituting with very non-segmented positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses (NSPSSSRVs), which are the important part of the family Corona-viridae. Researcher distributed in humans [3] and the subfamily Orthocoronavirinae, order Nidovirales, and realm Riboviria.

Acta Scientific Pharamaceutical Sciences, 2020

Abstract Keywords: Salmonella enterica; Serotype typhi; Cell Invasion Protein SipB; Natural Produ... more Abstract
Keywords: Salmonella enterica; Serotype typhi; Cell Invasion Protein SipB; Natural Product Library; Molecular Docking
Background: The most dangerous issue in the healthcare arises is outbreak of the antibiotic-resistant bacteria worldwide. The randomness of Salmonella infections rely on its serotypes and the immune response of the host. Children up to age of 5 years and patients of older age are prone to the salmonella infections. The virulence genes of Salmonella encodes five different groups of Cell invasion proteins (CIPs), including Sip A, B, C, D and E. Upon contact with the target cell, SipB undergo ‘type III’ export from the bacterial cytoplasm and translocate into the cell membrane. Caspase-1 activity is essential for the cytotoxicity, and it has been proven that binding of SipB to caspase-1 induces macrophage apoptosis, so functional inhibition of caspase-1 blocks macrophage cytotoxicity.
Methods: This study is to determine the components of the natural origin compounds (NOCs) have an anti-bacterial effect (ABE) and capable to prevent the humans from bacterial infection Salmonella enterica serotype typhi. This Salmonella is using the most reliable method is suitable for molecular docking. We used to find out the interaction study between the molecules and the protein. In our study based on the inhibitor of Cell Invasion Protein SipB from Salmonella. We performed In Silico method for screening of all the natural compounds against Cell Invasion Protein SipB inhibition.
Results and Discussion: The results we obtained from molecular docking shown that among 2228 molecules of natural origin from natural product compounds library (20200427-L1400) was retrieved in SDF format from Inhibitor Expert (Selleckchem.com). Fifteen molecules are the best compounds observed through molecular docking and hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonding with interaction are proposed as the novel inhibitors against the Cell Invasion Protein SipB from Salmonella. We demonstrate using SwissADME online server tools and DruLito that all fifteen natural molecules has better “drug-likeness and does not violate any Lipinski, Ghose, Veber, Egan or Muegge rules.
Conclusion: Importantly, all fifteen natural compounds are more potent in treatment of against Cell Invasion Protein SipB in Salmonella typhi but needs further experimental research.

ACTA SCIENTIFIC MICROBIOLOGY (ISSN: 2581-3226), 2020

Abstract Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; Laboratory Diagnosis; Molecular Method; Serological; Pat... more Abstract
Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; Laboratory Diagnosis; Molecular Method; Serological; Patients Management
Introduction
Background: COVID-19 is a new form of Coronavirus which is resembling the same as SARS-CoV-2. This virus leads to cause severe respiratory diseases among the people. Coronavirus is declared as the pandemic by the WHO on March 11, 2020. Transmission of the disease is mainly due to the person to person contact by any means.
Materials and Methods: We detect the disease primary screening is necessary for a speedy recovery. PCR and other nucleic acid amplification are mainly used to diagnose the Covid-19. For the detection of the SARS, its gene is targeted in the amplification. The genes which are targeted are E, N, S, RdRp and ORf. Mutation in the SARS-CoV-2 genome is also detected by the various nucleic acid detection tests. We improve the detection of this pandemic, the only thing is to increase the involvement of Serological testing and molecular methods.
Results: The majority of 85-95% factor becomes useful to overcome this disease is early detection rate of the disease SARS-CoV-2.Molecular and serological findings should need to work simultaneously for the improvement in the diagnosis and the treatment approximately 85% laboratory.
Conclusion: The only factor which becomes useful to overcome this disease is early detection of the disease.Molecular and serologicalstudyshould need to work simultaneously for the improvement in the diagnosis and the treatment. The need of the hour is to maintain and introduced laboratory networking and its application.

Open Journal of Medical Microbiology, Scientific Research Publishing , 2020

The new coronavirus called SARS-CoV-2 is a new type of virus named as COVID-19. Although, it has ... more The new coronavirus called SARS-CoV-2 is a new type of virus named as COVID-19. Although, it has few similarities with pandemic flu viruses, the respiratory system and immune system are damaged through the viruses infected the population who has weakened immunity. SARS-CoV-2 spreads when people don't have the sign and symptoms. This virus COVID-19 appears to spread more easily than the flu, and asymptomatic transmission may account for a greater proportion of COVID-19's spreader over the World. In inundation of the current understanding, the roles of insect vectors are helping in the transmission of viral pathogens as well and the possible roles of some newly joined insects in the mechanical transmission of COVID-19. We also specifically provide the prevention and control methods related to contamination , disease burden, risk pattern in the family, near and dear to maintain the precision of social distancing and development of the immune system to fight against SARS-CoV-2.

Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 2020

Objectives: In this study, we targeted enzymes (Erg11, Erg5, Erg3), transporters (CDR1, CDR2), an... more Objectives: In this study, we targeted enzymes (Erg11, Erg5, Erg3), transporters (CDR1, CDR2), and cytochrome 450 (CaALK8) involved in MDR of Candida albicans, which caused fungal disease. ATP-binding cassette (ABC) and some other major facilitator superfamilies (MFS) of transporters are responsible for MDR in Candida Albicans. Material and methods: The compounds present in Parthenium hysterophorus L. were docked against the proteins involved in MDR of Candida Albicans. PyRx-Python prescription 0.8. was used to identify binding affinities of compounds against the proteins.

ACTA SCIENTIFIC PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES (ISSN: 2581-5423), 2020

Background: The most dangerous issue in the healthcare arises is outbreak of the antibiotic resis... more Background: The most dangerous issue in the healthcare arises is outbreak of the antibiotic resistant bacteria worldwide. The randomness of Salmonella infections rely on its serotypes and the immune response of the host. Children up to age of 5 years and patients of older age are prone to the salmonella infections. The virulence genes of Salmonella encodes five different groups of Cell invasion proteins (CIPs), including Sip A, B, C, D and E. Upon contact with the target cell, SipB undergo ‘type III’ export from the bacterial cytoplasm and translocate into the cellmembrane. Caspase-1 activity is essential for the cytotoxicity, and it has been proven that binding of SipB to caspase-1 induces macrophage apoptosis, so functional inhibition of caspase-1 blocks macrophage cytotoxicity.
Methods: This study is to determine the components of the natural origin compounds (NOCs) have an anti-bacterial effect (ABE) and capable to prevent the humans from bacterial infection Salmonella enterica serotype typhi. This Salmonella is using the most reliable method is suitable for molecular docking. We used to find out the interaction study between the molecules and the protein. In our study based on the inhibitor of Cell Invasion Protein SipB from Salmonella. We performed In Silico method for screening of all the natural compounds against Cell Invasion Protein SipB inhibition.
Results and Discussion: The results we obtained from molecular docking shown that among 2228 molecules of natural origin from natural product compounds library (20200427-L1400) was retrieved in SDF format from Inhibitor Expert (Selleckchem.com). Fifteen molecules are the best compounds observed through molecular docking and hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonding with interaction are proposed as the novel inhibitors against the Cell Invasion Protein SipB from Salmonella. We demonstrate using SwissADME online server tools and DruLito that all fifteen natural molecules has better “drug likeness and does not violate any Lipinski, Ghose, Veber, Egan or Muegge rules.
Conclusion: Importantly, all fifteen natural compounds are more potent in treatment of against Cell Invasion Protein SipB in Salmonella typhi but needs further experimental research.