Jordan Crabbe | Miami University (original) (raw)
Papers by Jordan Crabbe
Ahmad for his encouragement, direction, guidance, constructive criticisms and patience throughout... more Ahmad for his encouragement, direction, guidance, constructive criticisms and patience throughout the duration of this dissertation that help in refining and executing the dissertation to this style. He has been my mentor and his excellent teaching and research skills have been a tremendous help to me. He has instilled in me the qualities of a good scientist and an excellent researcher. I also wish to express my heartfelt gratitude to my responsible and respectable committee members, Dr. Mark Payton, Dr. Lan Zhu and Dr. David Carter for their time, dedication, guidance and direction. Their contributions were invaluable. I would like to express my deepest gratitude to all the faculty team at the Department of Statistics at Oklahoma State University for the knowledge imparted on me. The benefits under their outfit were priceless and I really appreciate that. I will not have said it all if I do not render special thanks to my parents Mr. and Mrs. Samuel H. Crabbe, my wife Abigail Crabbe, my daughters Jodrell and Samuela and iv Acknowledgements reflect the views of the author and are not endorsed by committee members or Oklahoma State University. my siblings Dora, Victor and Flora for their love, support and encouragement throughout the duration of my studies. They have been part of what has brought me this far. v Name: JORDAN JIMMY CRABBE Date of Degree: JULY, 2013 Title of Study: HANDLING THE CURSE OF DIMENSIONALITY IN MULTIVARIATE KERNEL DENSITY ESTIMATION Major Field: STATISTICS Kernel density estimation (KDE) is the most widely-used practical method for accurate nonparametric density estimation. Many works had been done on both the univariate and multivariate cases showing the efficacy, practicality and applicability of this method. Despite the fact that multivariate kernel density estimation is an important technique in multivariate data analysis and has a wide range of applications, its performance worsens exponentially with high dimensional data sets, this phenomenon is called "curse of dimensionality", where there is exponential growth in combinatorial optimization as the dimension of the data set increases. Scott and Wand (1991) demonstrated a progressive deterioration of the multivariate kernel density estimation as the dimension p increases by showing that an increase in sample size is required to attain an equivalent amount of accuracy. This work proposes a new multivariate kernel density estimation approach which is based on the sample means. The method has the characteristic that it works for self-revolving densities or the ellipsoidally symmetric distributions. It also works for spherical distributions since they can be transformed to ellipsoidally symmetric distributions by undergoing an affine transformation. The univariate normal, multivariate normal and the Cauchy distributions, just to mention a few, are some of the distributions that possess this self-revolving or the ellipsoidally symmetric property. In addition, this work also proposes another new multivariate kernel density estimate which handles the curse of dimensionality better. We applied this new method to the probability density function, the distribution function and nonparametric multivariate regression. In all these cases, our multivariate kernel density estimation approach which is based on the sample means performs better than the regular multivariate kernel density estimation based on the sample data. We also observed that the proposed multivariate kernel density method breaks the "curse of dimensionality" and remedy the deficiency of high dimensional bandwidth selection. Besides, its performance is consistent in most of the bandwidth selection methodologies. The second proposed new multivariate density estimate does not completely breaks the curse of dimensionality but the effect of the curse on it is minimal as compared to the regular multivariate kernel density estimate. vi
Journal of International Students, 2020
This literature review explores the sociocultural experiences of international graduate students ... more This literature review explores the sociocultural experiences of international graduate students in universities in the United States. In addition to the typical challenges faced by students going to universities in America, international graduate students undergo extra stress. Research has shown that students face issues such as negotiating the U.S. health care system, the pressures of competency in American English, balancing financial concerns, social connectivity, and anxiety due to isolation from family and friends. These factors place students at risk for developing health problems. Significant findings have indicated that institutions and students’ age play important roles in impacting students’ successful adjusting experiences even though the struggle for acculturation is a personal task. We organized our analysis and discussion around how to help graduate students to obtain sociocultural support and concluded with some suggestions on ways to address inadequacies within the ...
International Journal of Noncommunicable Diseases
Background: The epidemic of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as type II diabetes and high bl... more Background: The epidemic of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as type II diabetes and high blood pressure has crept upon an unsuspecting public health community in Africa. The four major problem areas contributing to this epidemic are: (1) lack of enough resources for health care, (2) few medical facilities and personnel to care for a large number of the population, (3) the inability of public health professionals to address or unravel complex causal nets of risk factors that reflect the culture and history of countries, communities, families, and individuals, and (4) medical care curriculum in the region is not tuned to the reality of the people it serves. There is the need to develop educational partnership teams between health experts and local citizens. Methods: This team-based community participatory approach effort will involve tapping into the local reservoir of knowledge by experts and Western medical knowledge by citizens; the resultant effect will aid policymaking and program development while also synthesizing the two. Results: Findings from several studies have shown that the solution to Africa's health-care struggle depends on synchronizing policy, practice, and partnership efforts through proper culturally tailored public health approaches, as well as the development of policies that ensures improving the general public's knowledge about NCDs and its prevention. Discussion and Conclusion: We suggested innovative ideas on areas of concern that will provide a unique opportunity for health educators to advocate for and improve the health literacy of laypersons. We call for the development of more regional research and disease control centers because research and evaluation efforts can guide education and service delivery methods. In addition, we call for appropriate training that provides opportunities for African health professionals to acquire knowledge on cutting-edge knowledge about prevention and treatment. We concluded that an accepted medical practice for Africans is one anchored on efforts whereby people feel like partners when it comes to the issue of their health. Simply put, “people's voices, people's input, and people faces. It is challenging to hold people accountable when they do not understand health care and have little information on how to prevent the onset or spread of diseases.
This study examines teacher discourse strategies used in kindergarten inquiry-based science learn... more This study examines teacher discourse strategies used in kindergarten inquiry-based science learning as part of the Scientific Literacy Project (SLP) (Mantzicopoulos, Patrick & Samarapungavan, 2005). Four public kindergarten science classrooms were chosen to implement science teaching strategies using a guided-inquiry approach. Data were collected during lesson observations; teacher discourse strategies were analyzed using qualitative and quantitative procedures. The results showed that the teachers used 13 distinct types of teacher discourse strategies in the classroom. Teacher discourse strategies were grouped into four higher levels of discourse categories. The results indicated that the nature and relative proportion of the different types of teacher discourse varied both across teacher and within teachers across classrooms.
Ahmad for his encouragement, direction, guidance, constructive criticisms and patience throughout... more Ahmad for his encouragement, direction, guidance, constructive criticisms and patience throughout the duration of this dissertation that help in refining and executing the dissertation to this style. He has been my mentor and his excellent teaching and research skills have been a tremendous help to me. He has instilled in me the qualities of a good scientist and an excellent researcher. I also wish to express my heartfelt gratitude to my responsible and respectable committee members, Dr. Mark Payton, Dr. Lan Zhu and Dr. David Carter for their time, dedication, guidance and direction. Their contributions were invaluable. I would like to express my deepest gratitude to all the faculty team at the Department of Statistics at Oklahoma State University for the knowledge imparted on me. The benefits under their outfit were priceless and I really appreciate that. I will not have said it all if I do not render special thanks to my parents Mr. and Mrs. Samuel H. Crabbe, my wife Abigail Crabbe, my daughters Jodrell and Samuela and iv Acknowledgements reflect the views of the author and are not endorsed by committee members or Oklahoma State University. my siblings Dora, Victor and Flora for their love, support and encouragement throughout the duration of my studies. They have been part of what has brought me this far. v Name: JORDAN JIMMY CRABBE Date of Degree: JULY, 2013 Title of Study: HANDLING THE CURSE OF DIMENSIONALITY IN MULTIVARIATE KERNEL DENSITY ESTIMATION Major Field: STATISTICS Kernel density estimation (KDE) is the most widely-used practical method for accurate nonparametric density estimation. Many works had been done on both the univariate and multivariate cases showing the efficacy, practicality and applicability of this method. Despite the fact that multivariate kernel density estimation is an important technique in multivariate data analysis and has a wide range of applications, its performance worsens exponentially with high dimensional data sets, this phenomenon is called "curse of dimensionality", where there is exponential growth in combinatorial optimization as the dimension of the data set increases. Scott and Wand (1991) demonstrated a progressive deterioration of the multivariate kernel density estimation as the dimension p increases by showing that an increase in sample size is required to attain an equivalent amount of accuracy. This work proposes a new multivariate kernel density estimation approach which is based on the sample means. The method has the characteristic that it works for self-revolving densities or the ellipsoidally symmetric distributions. It also works for spherical distributions since they can be transformed to ellipsoidally symmetric distributions by undergoing an affine transformation. The univariate normal, multivariate normal and the Cauchy distributions, just to mention a few, are some of the distributions that possess this self-revolving or the ellipsoidally symmetric property. In addition, this work also proposes another new multivariate kernel density estimate which handles the curse of dimensionality better. We applied this new method to the probability density function, the distribution function and nonparametric multivariate regression. In all these cases, our multivariate kernel density estimation approach which is based on the sample means performs better than the regular multivariate kernel density estimation based on the sample data. We also observed that the proposed multivariate kernel density method breaks the "curse of dimensionality" and remedy the deficiency of high dimensional bandwidth selection. Besides, its performance is consistent in most of the bandwidth selection methodologies. The second proposed new multivariate density estimate does not completely breaks the curse of dimensionality but the effect of the curse on it is minimal as compared to the regular multivariate kernel density estimate. vi
Journal of International Students, 2020
This literature review explores the sociocultural experiences of international graduate students ... more This literature review explores the sociocultural experiences of international graduate students in universities in the United States. In addition to the typical challenges faced by students going to universities in America, international graduate students undergo extra stress. Research has shown that students face issues such as negotiating the U.S. health care system, the pressures of competency in American English, balancing financial concerns, social connectivity, and anxiety due to isolation from family and friends. These factors place students at risk for developing health problems. Significant findings have indicated that institutions and students’ age play important roles in impacting students’ successful adjusting experiences even though the struggle for acculturation is a personal task. We organized our analysis and discussion around how to help graduate students to obtain sociocultural support and concluded with some suggestions on ways to address inadequacies within the ...
International Journal of Noncommunicable Diseases
Background: The epidemic of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as type II diabetes and high bl... more Background: The epidemic of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as type II diabetes and high blood pressure has crept upon an unsuspecting public health community in Africa. The four major problem areas contributing to this epidemic are: (1) lack of enough resources for health care, (2) few medical facilities and personnel to care for a large number of the population, (3) the inability of public health professionals to address or unravel complex causal nets of risk factors that reflect the culture and history of countries, communities, families, and individuals, and (4) medical care curriculum in the region is not tuned to the reality of the people it serves. There is the need to develop educational partnership teams between health experts and local citizens. Methods: This team-based community participatory approach effort will involve tapping into the local reservoir of knowledge by experts and Western medical knowledge by citizens; the resultant effect will aid policymaking and program development while also synthesizing the two. Results: Findings from several studies have shown that the solution to Africa's health-care struggle depends on synchronizing policy, practice, and partnership efforts through proper culturally tailored public health approaches, as well as the development of policies that ensures improving the general public's knowledge about NCDs and its prevention. Discussion and Conclusion: We suggested innovative ideas on areas of concern that will provide a unique opportunity for health educators to advocate for and improve the health literacy of laypersons. We call for the development of more regional research and disease control centers because research and evaluation efforts can guide education and service delivery methods. In addition, we call for appropriate training that provides opportunities for African health professionals to acquire knowledge on cutting-edge knowledge about prevention and treatment. We concluded that an accepted medical practice for Africans is one anchored on efforts whereby people feel like partners when it comes to the issue of their health. Simply put, “people's voices, people's input, and people faces. It is challenging to hold people accountable when they do not understand health care and have little information on how to prevent the onset or spread of diseases.
This study examines teacher discourse strategies used in kindergarten inquiry-based science learn... more This study examines teacher discourse strategies used in kindergarten inquiry-based science learning as part of the Scientific Literacy Project (SLP) (Mantzicopoulos, Patrick & Samarapungavan, 2005). Four public kindergarten science classrooms were chosen to implement science teaching strategies using a guided-inquiry approach. Data were collected during lesson observations; teacher discourse strategies were analyzed using qualitative and quantitative procedures. The results showed that the teachers used 13 distinct types of teacher discourse strategies in the classroom. Teacher discourse strategies were grouped into four higher levels of discourse categories. The results indicated that the nature and relative proportion of the different types of teacher discourse varied both across teacher and within teachers across classrooms.