Kyle T Evered | Michigan State University (original) (raw)

Articles by Kyle T Evered

Serving as a parliamentarian in late-1940s Turkey, Dr. Mehmet Şerif Korkut wrote of his perceptio... more Serving as a parliamentarian in late-1940s Turkey, Dr. Mehmet Şerif Korkut wrote of his perceptions of the gravest danger to Turkish workers and the nation; malaria. In his view as physician and politician, the greatest factor exacerbating this disease entailed the rapid—though legally regulated—expansion of rice cultivation within the country. Addressing this problem through his writings, Korkut connected the commodity with conditions of unchecked agrarian capitalism and impoverishment. In such a context, he argued, rice plagued the state with corruption and the peasantry with malaria. Relying upon his primary texts and supported by archival research, this article presents and analyzes a unique critique of agrarian capitalism from Turkey’s early Cold War era. In doing so, it contributes to a broader appreciation for the diversity of sources, ideas in, and linkages between histories of agriculture and public health.

Political Geography, 2015

Following contemporary shifts in geopolitical scholarship that interrogate perspectives on identi... more Following contemporary shifts in geopolitical scholarship that interrogate perspectives on identity, culture, and everyday life, this article confronts contestations over the place of alcohol in early republican Turkey. Debated today in terms that mirror the headscarf question, our study establishes a basis for scrutinizing this topic by focusing on the nation-state's first deliberations over prohibition, transpiring in the first session of the Grand National Assembly. Like the current push to intensify regulation of alcohol, 1920s prohibitionism brought together an array of narratives that included but also exceeded Islamism. In particular, progressive public health advocates provided crucial support for the narrow passage of a prohibition law that lasted until Kemalists consolidated their rule. Amid this discourse, competing players interpreted differently the ongoing American prohibition experience and deployed conflicting narratives to bolster their positions. Relying upon proceedings from the early parliament and other primary sources, this article about the place of alcohol contributes both to analyses of ongoing affairs within Turkey and to progressive geopolitical engagements with matters of governance and public space, regulation and prohibition, public health, and secular-religious rivalries.

Space & Polity, 2015

Despite religious proscriptions and practices, currents of alcohol never wholly ceased in Ottoman... more Despite religious proscriptions and practices, currents of alcohol never wholly ceased in Ottoman or Republican Turkey. Rather, Anatolian history overflows with examples of regulated consumption – and futile schemes for prohibition. Recently, prohibitionist discourse returned amid regulatory initiatives and in ways reifying secular-Islamist divides. Integral to permutations in policy implementation, even schemes of socio-spatial control arose that entail regimes of zoning and separation for trade and consumption. Accounting for narratives of regulationism and prohibitionism from a vantage acknowledging the republic’s past, we map today’s dynamic and ongoing shifts in Turkey’s regulatory and discursive engagements with the place and practice of drinking.

Journal of Cultural Geography, 2015

Significant infrastructural projects, and especially large hydroelectric dams, were envisioned an... more Significant infrastructural projects, and especially large hydroelectric dams, were envisioned and deployed by postcolonial governments to promote particular visions of industrialization, agriculture, democracy, and modernity. Newly independent states sought to annihilate formerly so-called backward and primitive landscapes and populations alike, promising to re-create both places and people as rational, economically productive entities. In this article, we re-examine such narratives as they related to Ghana’s Volta River Project (VRP). Relying on archival and media sources between the 1950s and 1960s, we interrogate the Ghanaian state’s pursuit of the VRP from a perspective rooted firmly in cultural geography and pay careful attention to the issues of population displacement/resettlement and landscape reconfiguration that permeated all dimensions of the project. We analyze the ways in which Ghanaian leaders used the VRP to translate a particular suite of cultural, economic, and political values into material reality, utilizing the techniques of displacement and population resettlement in efforts to enroll Ghana into a modern, global, industrial economic system. As such, this article augments the body of literature examining the modernist and state-building aspects of the VRP as well as studies critiquing the various processes of development that have unfolded in West Africa since the mid-twentieth century.

cultural geographies, 2014

Past scholarship on the origins of Turkey’s forward capital has contributed both to insightful cr... more Past scholarship on the origins of Turkey’s forward capital has contributed both to insightful critical analysis of modernity, nationalism, and urbanization in the republic but also to a tradition of work that is too often quite narrow in conceptualization and shallow in historical depth. In this article, I address the promise and the shortcomings of this tradition by incorporating both views of nature and novel primary documents from the city’s early republican pasts. Focusing on problems within 1920s Ankara as depicted in both foreign and nationalist narratives, on the one hand, and perspectives from public health and other state officials, on the other hand, I engage with water as a key problem not only in its scarcity but also in its excess. This research shows that not only planning but also the attainment of public health objectives (as framed in terms of place and nature) were established unambiguously as preconditions to the project of urban – and hence national – development. Additionally, as a study on the early republican capital that utilizes unique sources, this article identifies and analyzes alternative voices, thus expanding our views of the place and period in ways that elucidate the complex dynamics of both place-making and political ecology in this still contested context.

Gender, Place & Culture, 2013

In the formative years of the Turkish Republic, the regulation of prostitution was geared toward ... more In the formative years of the Turkish Republic, the regulation of prostitution was geared toward biopolitical ends: safeguarding public health and eliminating syphilis. Viewing sexually transmitted diseases as a threat to the nation’s population and economy, the Ministry of Health and Social Assistance played a crucial role in the identification and definition of prostitution as a public health risk. Out of this medicalized framing of the disease and of prostitution, the republic adopted legislative remedies for both. Prostitution was legislatively regulated to achieve comprehensive surveillance and policing – sometimes amid debate between state interests promoting regulation and those concerned with matters of morality. A modernist nation-state, otherwise characterized as progressive with regard to the status of women, instituted a regulatory regime to define appropriate sexual practices and places and mandate the licensing and medical examination of some of its most marginalized female citizens.

Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences, 2013

In its initial years, the nascent Turkish republic established the Ministry of Health and Social... more In its initial years, the nascent Turkish republic established
the Ministry of Health and Social Assistance in order to promote public health. Beyond simply facilitating its modernizing agenda for the emergent nation-state as it sought to define itself against an Ottoman past, this institution was also geared toward remedying a self-defined population crisis by prioritizing and confronting particular diseases and health conditions. One of the maladies of utmost concern was syphilis. Based upon an analysis of official primary sources, this article engages with how the developing republic distinguished and consequently politically constructed—or framed—the syphilis problem from the vantage of its new forward capital, Ankara. Integral to this project of confronting this sexually transmitted disease, public health officials projected upon both this ailment and their understanding of the suitable means for its treatment their own views of what constituted appropriate sexual practices and relations. In doing so, certain subgroups of the population, especially prostitutes, were particularized as targets for surveillance and policing through regimes of licensing and compulsory medical examinations. Stemming from the state’s framing of the disease—and its definition of appropriate sexual practices—this article also examines the subsequent legislative and public health education projects that followed.

Health & Place, 2012

During and after the Ottoman Empire’s collapse, Turkey’s fledgling public health and social servi... more During and after the Ottoman Empire’s collapse, Turkey’s fledgling public health and social services ministry sought to deal with the increasing prevalence of syphilis—especially in its rural communities. This article examines the emergence of state-led information collection in Turkey during the 1920s and early 1930s and the anti-syphilis campaigns that resulted, and thus explores how the state created a new medical and moral order surrounding its citizens’ sexualities that came to focus its gaze upon prostitution. Utilizing information from official primary sources, we analyze this transformation as part of a broader process of medicalization and state expansion that made syphilis a subject for state regulation. Within this context, moral pronouncements regarding the disease, traditional medicine, and prostitution and the potential benefits of regulated brothels were reframed, represented, and dispersed as directives for public health policy. Through this research, we assess how field-based surveys contributed ultimately to republican regimes of regulating sex work that still persist.

Political Geography

State officials in early republican Turkey framed malaria as both a medical and a political issue... more State officials in early republican Turkey framed malaria as both a medical and a political issue. In doing so, they engaged in public health education campaigns not only to resolve medical concerns but also to better govern the country’s population and promote a broader modernist agenda. This article employs primary sources from Turkish archives and other collections in order to examine the governmental and the biopolitical implications of this experience. We thus scrutinize the civilizational discourse employed by politicians and physicians as they dealt with this “village disease,” the peoples who they encountered -- and taught, and the obstacles that they perceived to exist within the traditional curative beliefs and practices found throughout rural Anatolia. Emphasizing modernist ideals in their medicine as much as in their politics, we conclude that health officials’ lessons for waging an effective “war” on malaria targeted not just the disease but also its perceived societal sources of origin and -- hence -- the very populace it presumably sought to protect.

The Arab World Geographer/Le Géographe du monde arabe, 2012

Turkey’s combined coastal and inland wetlands are collectively larger than those of any other cou... more Turkey’s combined coastal and inland wetlands are collectively larger than those of any other country in either the Middle East or Western Europe. In addition to their unique attributes as diverse ecosystems, wetlands are also vital because of their properties and functions. As in other countries, however, these ecological benefits and the wetland ecosystems themselves are threatened resulting from historic processes of wetland loss that were associated, throughout the 20th century, both with reclamation for settlement and agriculture and with drainage projects connected to public-health concerns. Over the past two decades, moreover, wetlands have been especially vulnerable amid state-led and now neo-liberal schemes for economic development. Using the case of Lake Burdur and its Ramsar registered wetlands, and relying on more than a decade of fieldwork in the region and a reading of associated environmentalist reports and lawsuits, this article surveys and analyzes some of the major threats facing these ecosystems in Turkey and factors associated with their protection.

Journal of Historical Geography, 2011

In the early Turkish republic of the 1920s, population was a central question of concern for the ... more In the early Turkish republic of the 1920s, population was a central question of concern for the leadership of the Kemalist state. This article focuses on how a demographic discourse concerning population -- in terms both numerical and medical -- provided a basis for emerging programs in public health, confronting the very real threats posed by disease. Employing the example of the nascent republic’s anti-malarial campaigns, this study thus examines the discursive, cartographic, and legislative measures employed in combating this widespread disease in the wider contexts of nation-building. In doing so, it traces one vital trajectory of the development of modern governmentality (i.e., that of public health) in the case of Turkey during the 1920s and 1930s, prior to the wartime slowing of state investments (due to national defense priorities), the post-World War II infusions of foreign aid and the incorporation of DDT in confronting malaria.

Geographical Review, 2011

Historical scholarship in traditional geopolitics often relied on documents authored by states an... more Historical scholarship in traditional geopolitics often relied on documents authored by states and by other influential actors. Although much work in the subfield of critical geopolitics thus far has addressed imbalances constructed in official, academic, and popular media due to a privileging of such narratives, priority might also be given to unearthing and bringing to light alternative geopolitical perspectives from otherwise marginalized populations. Utilizing the early-1970s case of the United States’ first “war on drugs,” this article examines the geopolitics of opium-poppy eradication and its consequences within Turkey. Employing not only archival and secondary sources but also oral histories from now-retired poppy farmers, this study examines the diffusion of U.S. anti-narcotics policies into the Anatolian countryside and the enduring impressions that the United States and Turkish government created. In doing so, this research gives voice to those farmers targeted by eradication policies and speaks more broadly to matters of narcotics control, sentiments of anti-Americanism, and notions of democracy in Turkey and the region, past and present.

Geographical Review, 2011

Cultivated in the Eastern Mediterranean region for millennia, the opium poppy (Papaver somniferum... more Cultivated in the Eastern Mediterranean region for millennia, the opium poppy (Papaver somniferum) was profoundly significant in the economies, ecologies, cultures, and diets of the peoples of many towns and villages of rural Anatolia. When the United States compelled Turkey to eradicate cultivation of the plant in the early 1970s in order to diminish the flow of heroin into America, farmers were obliged to deal with not only changes in their incomes but also profound changes in their relationships with the land and the state. Although Turkish officials later allowed production to resume in a highly controlled manner for pharmaceutical purposes, significant socioeconomic and ecological dimensions of Turkey’s poppy-growing communities were forever changed. Interviewing now-retired poppy farmers, I employ oral history as my primary source of historical evidence to reconstruct these past ecologies and associated social relationships and to give voice to the informants.

Focus on Geography, 2011

Featured today in American newspaper reports and televised news programs, the opium poppy is a sy... more Featured today in American newspaper reports and televised news programs, the opium poppy is a symbol not only of heroin addiction in America but also of NATO’s ongoing and intractable campaign in Afghanistan. Although Afghan President Hamid Karzai dramatically declared ‘‘a jihad’’ against the crop in December 2004, revenues derived from its cultivation continue to finance both the insurgency and those corrupt elements within the Afghan state itself – which reportedly include even the president’s own half-brother, Ahmed Wali Karzai. Depicted in these contexts, many Americans understandably regard the poppy as a ‘‘dangerous’’ crop. Although this article does not seek to confront directly how the opium poppy is implicated either in substance abuse or in the enduring geopolitical conundrum of Afghanistan, it does challenge this singular depiction of the crop as found in the media today by analyzing the very different case of the opium poppy in Turkey. In doing so, it underscores the value of alternative perspectives and approaches in dealing with the challenges both of drugs and drug crops and of associated matters of geopolitical insecurity.

The Arab World Geographer/Le Géographe du monde arabe, 2010

Delivered as a speech to a joint session of Congress in March 1947, the Truman Doctrine was the d... more Delivered as a speech to a joint session of Congress in March 1947, the Truman Doctrine was the decisive public statement of America’s initial posture in an emergent Cold War era. Emphasizing the perceived need of all nation-states to achieve political and economic stabilization as a prerequisite to living “free from coercion,” Truman’s words were interpreted by many supporters and by most critics as America’s universal pledge to foster geopolitical security through an application of foreign-assistance. Based on a critical reading both of the text itself as it evolved and of archival records from the conceptualization of the program through its preliminary administration, this article examines the Truman Doctrine in terms of the post-World War II contexts of Greece and Turkey. In doing so, it identifies and evaluates recovery aid in these countries as the genesis of American’s inextricable linking of humanitarian and security policy-making in the developing world and conveys a critical geopolitics perspective on the assistance-security amalgamation that defined Cold War sensibilities.

The Arab World Geographer/Le Géographe du monde arabe, 2010

Following World War I, answers to the Eastern Question emerged amid the Great Powers’ occupation ... more Following World War I, answers to the Eastern Question emerged amid the Great Powers’ occupation of former Ottoman territories. In this context of “decolonization,” there were numerous contending perspectives on matters relating to both religious and political institutions. Breaking from traditional and contemporary scholarly works that narrowly depict the abolition of the caliphate in terms of secularization, this article situates the experience in terms of contemporary geopolitical realities (i.e., the recent conclusion of an almost five-year European occupation of Istanbul and the emergent nation-state based in Ankara since 1920). Employing unique primary sources in Ottoman Turkish, the authors thus critically assess the abolition not as a matter of callous and universal secularization but, rather, as an experience of decolonization. In doing so, they contend that the elimination of the caliphate resulted from an emerging nation-state’s attempts both to assert sovereignty and to decolonize from within amid Western powers’ endeavors to institute neo-colonial hegemonies over former Ottoman territories while simultaneously extolling the virtues of decolonization and seeking to co-opt the caliphate as an indigenous instrument for the subjugation of Muslims in the Middle East and South Asia.

Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East, 2008

As the forward capital of Turkey, Ankara was erected not just physically; it was a state-authored... more As the forward capital of Turkey, Ankara was erected not just physically; it was a state-authored text written spatially that would form a cornerstone in nationalist constructs of Turkish identity, tradition, and territory. Though the city itself predated the republic by millennia, its conceptualization, designation, and construction as a cultural and political center imbued the location with new meanings intertwined with the parallel rise of the Kemalist nation-state. As Turkey sought to forge a homeland for peoples both Anatolian and modern, Ankara itself and its internal landscapes provided the spatial and symbolic contexts for unifying Anatolia’s cultural pasts and the Turkish nation-state’s present and future. Reflecting upon this early experience of designating and designing Ankara as Turkey’s geo-cultural/-political center, this study examines English- and Turkish-language primary, secondary, and literary sources in order to analyze the foundational writing of the initial, state-centered tradition as it was imposed in the city’s socio-cultural and built landscapes during the formative years of the Kemalist republic. Just as this combination of idealism and state authority can be read in layers of the city’s early-republican landscapes, later strata reflect the alternative perspectives and dynamics of contestations and resistance that have arisen during and since this era.

Historical Geography, 2006

Employing the case of Puerto Rico before, during, and immediately following the Spanish-American ... more Employing the case of Puerto Rico before, during, and immediately following the Spanish-American War as the main example, this study examines the representation of other people and places as children amid contexts of an expanding American empire with respect to both the period in question and its postcolonial legacies. Following a brief overview both of major themes in the historical geographies of the war and of the place of the wider Caribbean region – and of Puerto Rico – amid the conflict, three major discursive spheres that conditioned and/or reflected the representations in question are examined: representations in scholarship and literature, in public discourse and policy, and in accounts (both published and archival) from those Americans who actually seized and occupied the island. Th is study, therefore, deals with a critical moment in the territorial expansion of the United States with respect to geographies of colonialism and reflects upon representations that endured long after initial contacts and that continue to condition both colonial and postcolonial relationships between the United States and other places and peoples.

Geographical Review, 2005

Turkey is a republic that borders on, regularly interacts with, and actively seeks to define itse... more Turkey is a republic that borders on, regularly interacts with, and actively seeks to define itself as a part of neighboring regions. As such, it provides a significant example of how Middle East nation-states are not only affected by globalization but also deeply involved in contributing to the related processes of regionalization and regional (re)definition. Far from a unique phenomenon, regionalism involving Turkey is flexible and multifaceted, profoundly dynamic, and inextricably linked to virtually all aspects of the nation's foreign and domestic affairs. Regionalism in Turkey demonstrates clearly how processes of globalization are not simply economic but also directly implicated in contemporary shifts in national identity and even in the very nature of the nation-state itself. This study surveys and analyzes the constructs and dynamics of regionalism that are shaping the Turkish nation and state, contributing to varieties of transnationalism, and reconstituting the scales at which Turkey is located, both in the Middle East and elsewhere in the world.

Middle Eastern Studies, 2005

This article addresses the impact of Jadidism among Bulgarian Turks of the late-nineteenth and ea... more This article addresses the impact of Jadidism among Bulgarian Turks of the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries by examining the influences of the movement’s most noted proponent, Ismail Bey Gaspirali (1851-1914), particularly as reflected in contemporary newspapers. In doing so, this research complements existing and steadily emerging historical scholarship on both Gaspirali and Jadidism by further elaborating on current knowledge regarding the geographic and ethno-national diffusions of his ideas. Moreover – and concerning the Bulgarian Turks themselves, this work reveals intellectual and socio-political linkages that existed between Bulgarian Turkish communities and those of ethno-linguistic and religious kinsmen in both Tsarist and Ottoman imperial realms.

Political Geography, 2015

Space & Polity, 2015

Journal of Cultural Geography, 2015

cultural geographies, 2014

Gender, Place & Culture, 2013

Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences, 2013

Health & Place, 2012

Political Geography

The Arab World Geographer/Le Géographe du monde arabe, 2012

Journal of Historical Geography, 2011

Geographical Review, 2011

Focus on Geography, 2011

The Arab World Geographer/Le Géographe du monde arabe, 2010

Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East, 2008

Historical Geography, 2006

Geographical Review, 2005

Middle Eastern Studies, 2005

Environmental Problems of Central Asia and their Economic, Social and Security Impacts, 2008

In Turkey, legally cultivated poppy fields yield a cash crop that is essential in the rural livel... more In Turkey, legally cultivated poppy fields yield a cash crop that is essential in the rural livelihoods of particular households and communities. Licensed farmers are able to earn far more from harvesting both poppy seeds and the remaining opiate-containing capsules that are sold to the state for use in the medical morphine industry than from any other crops. Although the cultivation of poppies in Turkey was once used for opium and heroin, among other commodities, a controlled reintroduction of poppies occurred in the 1970s following a nation-wide eradication program. Though the eradication program may be critiqued due to its geopolitical contexts and goals, the subsequent reintroduction of poppies and the emergence of this legal industry established a basis for ecological and economic stability at the scale of local communities. Moreover, for many Turkish farmers and others, it was regarded as a step towards the promotion of democracy at the scale of the nation-state. Relying on both fieldwork and archival research, this chapter looks at the historic and contemporary examples provided by Turkey and considers the ongoing challenges posed by poppies in the case of Afghanistan. Based on this review of these two different situations involving poppies, it is suggested that Turkey’s instance provides powerful lessons for policy makers seeking to promote both security and sustainability throughout Eurasia and in Afghanistan, in particular.

"The human-environment relationship - intimately intertwined and often contentious - is one of th... more "The human-environment relationship - intimately intertwined and often contentious - is one of the most pressing concerns of the 21st century. Explored through an array of critical approaches, this book brings together case studies from across the globe to present significant cutting-edge research into political ecologies as they relate to multi-form contestations over environments, resources and livelihoods.

Covering a range of issues, such as popular discourses of environmental 'collapse', climate change, water resource struggles, displacement, agro-food landscapes and mapping technologies, this edited volume works to provide a broad and critical understanding of the narratives and policies more subtly shaping and being shaped by underlying environmental conflicts.

By exploring the power-laden processes by which environmental knowledge is generated, framed, communicated and interpreted, Contentious Geographies works to reveal how environmental conflicts can be (re)considered and thus (re)opened to enhance efforts to negotiate more sustainable environments and livelihoods. "

Today linked inextricably to the modern Republic of Turkey, variations of Turkish nationalism act... more Today linked inextricably to the modern Republic of Turkey, variations of Turkish nationalism actually arose in the final decades of the Ottoman Empire (1290s–1922). Th is political precursor to the Turkish nation-state was not, however, an entity that could be defined essentially as just “Turkish.” Though led primarily by a ruling Ottoman Turkish dynasty, the Ottoman state was a vast land-based empire that was notable for a populace of diverse ethnicities, languages, and religions. It was also an Islamic state that had claimed control of the Caliphate since as early as the 15th century.

Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East, 2013

(book review)

Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East, 2013

(book review)

Journal of Historical Geography, 2012

(book review)

The Arab World Geographer, 2011

(book review)

Europe-Asia Studies, 2011

(book review)

Political Geography, 2004

(book review)

Middle East Studies Association Bulletin, 2002

(book review)

Canadian Slavonic Papers, 2001

(book review)

Religious Studies Review, 2000

(book review)

Religious Studies Review, 2000

(book review)

Middle East Studies Association Bulletin, 1999

(book review)

Turkish Studies Association Bulletin, 1998

(book review)

Middle East Studies Association Bulletin, 1998

(book review)

Middle East Studies Association Bulletin, 1998

(book review)

PhD dissertation, Department of Geography, University of Oregon., 2002

MS thesis, Department of Geography, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1994

Acta medico-historica adriatica : AMHA, 2017

For the early Turkish republic, resource shortages, illiteracy, and geography combined to hamper ... more For the early Turkish republic, resource shortages, illiteracy, and geography combined to hamper any achievement of the immediate and universal diffusion of state-authored lessons in public health throughout the country's populace. One of the first steps taken to overcome these obstacles involved the production and publication of a medical atlas. Ideally, this text would serve both to standardize care provided by the state's health professionals and to inform the entire population of their public health obligations and compel their compliance; longer lives, prosperity, and a stronger nation were the promised outcomes. However, utilizing public health education to institute this state-society contract also entailed framing diseases in particular ways. This was especially true with sexually-transmitted infections (STIs), and the narratives associated with STIs marginalized routinely specific subpopulations of the Turkish nation; women and girls, generally, and sex workers, in ...

International Journal of Middle East Studies

Considering geography's potential to inform research and teaching in Middle East studies, it ... more Considering geography's potential to inform research and teaching in Middle East studies, it is necessary to acknowledge that the discipline's full potential in the United States—despite many accomplishments in recent decades—is yet to be realized. In American higher education, this lack of engagement always seemed to me a consequence of at least four factors in both fields’ institutional and disciplinary histories. As a matter of self-examination, we should first acknowledge that regional orientations in geography (e.g., the Berkeley/Sauer school's emphasis on Latin America and its indigenous and agrarian landscapes) often overlooked the area, leaving engagement with the Middle East more to the efforts of individual scholars and students. Second, despite recent surges in geography's importance and institutional presence on many American campuses, for a variety of reasons (not all of which are agreed upon) there were several periods in the 20th century when geography...

Http Dx Doi Org 10 1080 00263200500119225, May 24, 2006

... and the Impact of Print&#x27;, Modern Asian Studies, Vol.27, No.1 (1993), pp.22951; ... more ... and the Impact of Print&#x27;, Modern Asian Studies, Vol.27, No.1 (1993), pp.22951; and two of the works by Adeeb Khalid, &#x27;Muslim ... he was regarded as an esteemed leader, an educator, reformer, journalist, and an idealist not only by the Crimean Tatars but also by large numbers of ...

Arab World Geographer, 2010

Question emerged amid the Great Powers' occupation of former Ottoman territories. In this context... more Question emerged amid the Great Powers' occupation of former Ottoman territories. In this context of "decolonization," there were numerous contending perspectives on matters relating to both religious and politcal institutions. Breaking from traditional and contemporary scholarly works that narrowly depict the abolition of the caliphate in terms of secularization, this article situates the experience in terms of contemporary geopolitical realities (i.e., the recent conclusion of an almost five-year European occupation of Istanbul and the emergent nation-state based in Ankara since 1920). Employing unique primary sources in Ottoman Turkish, the authors thus critically assess the abolition not as a matter of callous and universal secularization but, rather, as an experience of decolonization. In doing so, they contend that the elimination of the caliphate resulted from an emerging nation-state's attempts both to assert sovereignty and to decolonize from within amid Western powers' endeavours to institute neo-colonial hegemonies over former Ottoman territories while simultaneously extolling the virtues of decolonization and seeking to co-opt the caliphate as an indigenous instrument for the subjugation of Muslims in the Middle East and South Asia.

ABSTRACT Typescript. Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1993. Includes bibliographi... more ABSTRACT Typescript. Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1993. Includes bibliographical references.

Historical Geography, 2006

International Journal of Drug Policy, 2016

In the 1970s, Turkey ceased to be a significant producer state of illicit drugs, but it continued... more In the 1970s, Turkey ceased to be a significant producer state of illicit drugs, but it continued to serve as a key route for the trade of drugs between East and West. Over the past decade, however, authorities identified two concerns beyond its continued transit state status. These reported problems entail both new modes of production and a rising incidence of drug abuse within the nation-state - particularly among its youth. Amid these developments, new law enforcement institutions emerged and acquired European sponsorship, leading to the establishment of TUBİM (the Turkish Monitoring Center for Drugs and Drug Addiction). Coordinating with and reporting to the European Union agency EMCDDA (the European Monitoring Center for Drugs and Drug Addiction), TUBİM&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s primary assigned duties entail the collection and analysis of data on drug abuse, trafficking, and prevention, the geographic identification of sites of concern (e.g. consumption, drug-related crimes, and peoples undergoing treatment), and the production of annual national reports. In this article, we examine the geopolitical origins of TUBİM as Turkey&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s central apparatus for confronting drug problems and its role as a vehicle for policy development, interpretation, and enforcement. In doing so, we emphasize the political and spatial dimensions inherent to the country&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s institutional and policy-driven approaches to contend with drug-related problems, and we assess how this line of attack reveals particular ambiguities in mission when evaluated from scales at world regional, national, and local levels. In sum, we assess how Turkey&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s new institutional and legislative landscapes condition the state&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s engagements with drug use, matters of user&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s health, and policy implementation at local scales and amid ongoing political developments.

Journal of Cultural Geography, Apr 1, 2015

Comparative Studies of South Asia Africa and the Middle East, 2008

... visi-tation of modernity&#x27;s supreme expression (ie, a nation-state&#x27;s... more ... visi-tation of modernity&#x27;s supreme expression (ie, a nation-state&#x27;s capital city) to an indefinitespace that was ... 2. a new urban and industrial society would be en-visioned and incorporated. ... was as ethnically and as religiously di-versified as those in many other Ottoman trad-ing ...

Arab World Geographer, 2012

Turkey's combined coastal and inland wetlands are collectively larger than those of any other cou... more Turkey's combined coastal and inland wetlands are collectively larger than those of any other country in either the Middle East or Western Europe. In addition to their unique attributes as diverse ecosystems, wetlands are also vital because of their properties and functions. As in other countries, however, these ecological benefits and the wetland ecosystems themselves are threatened resulting from historic processes of wetland loss that were associated, throughout the 20th century, both with reclamation for settlement and agriculture and with drainage projects connected to public-health concerns. Over the past two decades, moreover, wetlands have been especially vulnerable amid state-led and now neo-liberal schemes for economic development. Using the case of Lake Burdur and its Ramsar registered wetlands, and relying on more than a decade of fieldwork in the region and a reading of associated environmentalist reports and lawsuits, this article surveys and analyzes some of the major threats facing these ecosystems in Turkey and factors associated with their protection.

... in the Aral Sea Drainage Basin: Contributions of Agricultural Irrigation and a Changing Clima... more ... in the Aral Sea Drainage Basin: Contributions of Agricultural Irrigation and a Changing Climate 99 Jerker Jarsjö, Shilpa M. Asokan ... Using a Value Chain Approach for Economic and Environmental Impact Assessment of Cotton Production in Uzbekistan 361 Inna Rudenko, Ulrike ...

Political Geography, 2016

Space and Polity, 2015

The human-environment relationship, often contentious yet very closely intertwined, is one of the... more The human-environment relationship, often contentious yet very closely intertwined, is one of the most pressing concerns of the twenty first century. Bringing together a range of case studies from both global North and South to illustrate the broad range of current theories on this relationship, this book presents significant cutting-edge research into the continuing (re)definition of political ecology as it relates to environmental contestation.In particular, it examines how various theoretical approaches shape environmental conflicts, how policies and technologies empower and encourage political and ecological outcomes. Covering issues such as mining regulation, climate change, water resource struggles, human displacement, genetic engineering and mapping technologies at a wide range of scales, this edited volume provides a broader, critical understanding of the theoretical frameworks and policies underlying resource and environmental conflicts.

Journal of Cultural Geography, 2015