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A dessertation submitted to the Department of Building Technology of the Kwame Nkrumah university... more A dessertation submitted to the Department of Building Technology of the Kwame Nkrumah university of Science and Technology in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of Master of Science honors degree in Procurement Management, 2014
Human capital development has been the priority of every nation especially the 21st century. Ghan... more Human capital development has been the priority of every nation especially the 21st century. Ghana in the year 2000 earmarked human resources as well as health for all as one of the key variables to reach the middle income status by the year 2020. Various reforms were fused into the health sector to bring it to an appreciable level. In Ghana most health care is provided by the government and largely administered by the Ministry of Health and Ghana Health Service. The healthcare system has five levels of providers which include: • Health Post which are the first level primary care for the rural areas • Health Centers and Clinics • District Hospitals • Regional Hospitals • Tertiary Hospitals
The deadly implications of counterfeit medicines/drugs are well understood to be a central challe... more The deadly implications of counterfeit medicines/drugs are well understood to be a central challenge to the integrity of public health systems around the globe, as well as a direct threat to our individual health and welfare. What is less understood is that the profits from this sinister crime are increasingly being co-opted by an array of organized criminal groups and terrorist entities as a means by which to fund their nefarious operations around the world. As such, counterfeit pharmaceuticals pose a direct threat to national and international security.
The main aim of this research is to explore the role of procurement officers in preventing procurementof counterfeit medicines in our public hospital. A literature review was undertaken and delved into the three specific objectives;
1. To identify procurement processes (of medicines) within Ghana Health Service.
2. To identify the role of procurement officer in the procurement of medicines.
3. To identify the tools procurement officers use to ensure that the medicines they procure are counterfeit free.
Methodology: The research processes that were adopted were quantitative and qualitative. The data sources were primary and secondary and a purposive approach of sampling selection was used since the population of procurement officers responsible for the procurement of medicines are very small. Both closed and open ended questionnaire were used to collect data and the data was analysed using Microsoft Excel statistical tool and content analysis respectively.
Study outcome/findings:
Objective 1: To identify the procurement processes (of medicines) withinGhana Health Service.
Content analysis was used to analyse the data. It was identified that procurement of medicines starts from when the user department issues requisition and it ends when the products are delivered and paid for.
It resulted that documents requested by 80% of the respondents during prequalification were inadequate to ensure that the medicines procured were of good quality. Secondly the excessive use of price quotation by 80% of the respondents in the procurement of medicines accounts for the high cost of medicines in our public hospitals.
Objective 2: Identify the role procurement officers play during medicine procurement.
The outcome of the research resulted that the procurement officer plays four (4) strategic roles;
• Procuring the most cost-effective drugs in the right quantities
• Coordinating the selection of reliable suppliers of high-quality products and keeping database of them in order to assure the procurement of quality medicines.
• Ensuring timely delivery of medicine
• Achieving the lowest possible total cost.
Objective 3: Identify the tools procurement officers use to ensure they procure quality medicines.
It resulted that only 20% of the respondents do request for all the tools WHO and Standard tender documents for the procurement of medicines by the Public Procurement Authority require that every procurement officer should request to prevent the procurement of counterfeit medicines.
Conclusion
Once a fake or counterfeit medicine slips through the supply chain system and enter the health institution or pharmacy, the harm has already been done. For that matter the role procurement officers play in preventing the procurement of counterfeit medications in our public hospitals cannot be over emphasised. The recommendations below can help to achieve the objective of ensuring counterfeit-free medicines in our hospitals.
Recommendations
Based on the findings of the research, the following recommendations were proposed:
• Since the first point of call for all medicines by public health facility is the Regional Medical Stores, they should be well stocked to prevent hospital from procuring from the open market.
• Regional Medical Stores should be well equipped with a mini-lab to help undertake certain basic quality control test and a management information system to help track the medicines to ensure they are of good quality.
• Certificate of analysis during quality control testing and other relevant documents as stated by WHO and the PPA should be requested by all public hospitals when they are procuring from the open-market.
• FDA must be resourced to ensure end user quality through proper market surveillance.
• FDA must have a database of all registered medicines in the country where public hospitals can verify the authenticity of the medicine they intent to procure.
Recommendation for further research
• Further research into the role of Information Communication Technology in the fight against counterfeit medicines.
A dessertation submitted to the Department of Building Technology of the Kwame Nkrumah university... more A dessertation submitted to the Department of Building Technology of the Kwame Nkrumah university of Science and Technology in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of Master of Science honors degree in Procurement Management, 2014
Human capital development has been the priority of every nation especially the 21st century. Ghan... more Human capital development has been the priority of every nation especially the 21st century. Ghana in the year 2000 earmarked human resources as well as health for all as one of the key variables to reach the middle income status by the year 2020. Various reforms were fused into the health sector to bring it to an appreciable level. In Ghana most health care is provided by the government and largely administered by the Ministry of Health and Ghana Health Service. The healthcare system has five levels of providers which include: • Health Post which are the first level primary care for the rural areas • Health Centers and Clinics • District Hospitals • Regional Hospitals • Tertiary Hospitals
The deadly implications of counterfeit medicines/drugs are well understood to be a central challe... more The deadly implications of counterfeit medicines/drugs are well understood to be a central challenge to the integrity of public health systems around the globe, as well as a direct threat to our individual health and welfare. What is less understood is that the profits from this sinister crime are increasingly being co-opted by an array of organized criminal groups and terrorist entities as a means by which to fund their nefarious operations around the world. As such, counterfeit pharmaceuticals pose a direct threat to national and international security.
The main aim of this research is to explore the role of procurement officers in preventing procurementof counterfeit medicines in our public hospital. A literature review was undertaken and delved into the three specific objectives;
1. To identify procurement processes (of medicines) within Ghana Health Service.
2. To identify the role of procurement officer in the procurement of medicines.
3. To identify the tools procurement officers use to ensure that the medicines they procure are counterfeit free.
Methodology: The research processes that were adopted were quantitative and qualitative. The data sources were primary and secondary and a purposive approach of sampling selection was used since the population of procurement officers responsible for the procurement of medicines are very small. Both closed and open ended questionnaire were used to collect data and the data was analysed using Microsoft Excel statistical tool and content analysis respectively.
Study outcome/findings:
Objective 1: To identify the procurement processes (of medicines) withinGhana Health Service.
Content analysis was used to analyse the data. It was identified that procurement of medicines starts from when the user department issues requisition and it ends when the products are delivered and paid for.
It resulted that documents requested by 80% of the respondents during prequalification were inadequate to ensure that the medicines procured were of good quality. Secondly the excessive use of price quotation by 80% of the respondents in the procurement of medicines accounts for the high cost of medicines in our public hospitals.
Objective 2: Identify the role procurement officers play during medicine procurement.
The outcome of the research resulted that the procurement officer plays four (4) strategic roles;
• Procuring the most cost-effective drugs in the right quantities
• Coordinating the selection of reliable suppliers of high-quality products and keeping database of them in order to assure the procurement of quality medicines.
• Ensuring timely delivery of medicine
• Achieving the lowest possible total cost.
Objective 3: Identify the tools procurement officers use to ensure they procure quality medicines.
It resulted that only 20% of the respondents do request for all the tools WHO and Standard tender documents for the procurement of medicines by the Public Procurement Authority require that every procurement officer should request to prevent the procurement of counterfeit medicines.
Conclusion
Once a fake or counterfeit medicine slips through the supply chain system and enter the health institution or pharmacy, the harm has already been done. For that matter the role procurement officers play in preventing the procurement of counterfeit medications in our public hospitals cannot be over emphasised. The recommendations below can help to achieve the objective of ensuring counterfeit-free medicines in our hospitals.
Recommendations
Based on the findings of the research, the following recommendations were proposed:
• Since the first point of call for all medicines by public health facility is the Regional Medical Stores, they should be well stocked to prevent hospital from procuring from the open market.
• Regional Medical Stores should be well equipped with a mini-lab to help undertake certain basic quality control test and a management information system to help track the medicines to ensure they are of good quality.
• Certificate of analysis during quality control testing and other relevant documents as stated by WHO and the PPA should be requested by all public hospitals when they are procuring from the open-market.
• FDA must be resourced to ensure end user quality through proper market surveillance.
• FDA must have a database of all registered medicines in the country where public hospitals can verify the authenticity of the medicine they intent to procure.
Recommendation for further research
• Further research into the role of Information Communication Technology in the fight against counterfeit medicines.