Emine Yavuz Pakih | Mimar Sinan Fine Arts University (original) (raw)

Papers by Emine Yavuz Pakih

bildiri, 2022

In the period they were built, the baths were not only used as a place for washing, but also for ... more In the period they were built, the baths were not only used as a place for washing, but also for socializing. As a result of changing needs and urban life over time, the bath culture has begun to disappear in many cities. When the baths, which had a significant financial return in the period they were used, started to become idle over time, most of them were rented or sold by foundations to individuals or institutions. The buildings that remained idle for many years were out of control, served warehouses and businesses, and were devastated. As a result of the increase in the importance given to cultural heritage in recent years, many of the historical baths that have taken their places in the social memory have been offered to the public again with new functions. In re-functioning, the structure should be preserved with minimal intervention and transferred to future generations. In addition, in the selection of new functions in buildings, the needs and the architectural features of the building should be taken into consideration.
Undoubtedly, baths are one of the most interesting building types in Ottoman architecture, both spatially and structurally. For this reason, physical comfort conditions and user satisfaction are of great importance in the selection of new functions in baths due to their architecture. In Bursa, which is one of the Ottoman cities where the bath culture is still partially continued, many baths have been re-functionalized.
Within the scope of the study, the Ördekli and Kayıhan baths in Bursa were discussed. Users in one or both of the mentioned baths were asked to evaluate the physical comfort conditions (acoustic, humidity, air-conditioning, lighting, etc.) with a survey conducted over the Google form, and as a result of the answers given, a descriptive analysis was made and the users were asked primarily from acoustics, then from temperature and lighting, respectively. It was concluded that they were disturbed.

makale, Jul 31, 2022

Endüstri Devriminden sonra bilgisayarların kullanımı ve otomasyona geçiş ile birlikte pek çok end... more Endüstri Devriminden sonra bilgisayarların kullanımı ve otomasyona geçiş ile birlikte pek çok endüstri yapısı atıl kalmıştır. Endüstri Devrimini daha önce yaşamış olan ülkelerde makineler için yapılmış bu mekanlar insanların kullanımı için dönüştürülmeye başlanmıştır. Endüstri mirası kavramı ortaya çıkmasıyla birlikte konu farklı bir boyutta ele alınmaya başlanmış, pek çok endüstri binası tescillenerek koruma altına alınmıştır. Özgün işlevine tekrar dönüştürülen yapıların yanı sıra, farklı işlevler yüklenen yapılarda bulunmaktadır. Binalara farklı işlevler yüklenirken koruma kavramının yanında yeni işlevin yapının mevcut mekan kurgusuna uygun olması gerekmektedir.
Yeniden işlevlendirmede eklenen ara katlar, duvarlar, geçitler ve kullanılan malzemeler özgün mimari özelliklere zarar vermemelidir. Yeniden işlevlendirilecek yapılar çevresiyle birlikte ele alınmalı, kültürel, ekonomik, sosyal ve toplumsal nedenler göz önünde bulundurulmalıdır.
Çalışma kapsamında eski zeytinyağı fabrikaları ve yağhaneler ele alınmıştır. Ayvalık bölgesinin turizm odaklı gelişiminden sonra kent merkezinde bulunan zeytinyağı fabrikaları kent dışına taşınmış, kent merkezinde bulunan fabrikalar atıl kalmıştır. Birer kültürel miras niteliğinde olan yapılar yeniden işlevlendirilerek korunmuştur.
Bu çalışmada; atıl kalmış ve yeniden işlevlendirilmiş eski yağhanelerden biri olan Beyaz Yalı Otel yapılan kütlesel, strüktürel, mekânsal müdahaleler, mimari miras ve endüstri miras boyutuyla ele alınmıştır.

Dakam Conferance

Humans as a part of nature, use imitations of objects which exist to survive against the challeng... more Humans as a part of nature, use imitations of objects which exist to survive against the challenges of nature. According to most philosophers, the 'imitation' is the instinct that is given spiritually to a person. Starting from the antiquity, people, reflect the information they have gained over time, such as dressing, eating and drinking, dressing, hunting, war strategy, protection and defence, without realizing it. According to Aristotle's design theory, art is a reflection and reflects what is in nature, while Pluto advocates that art imitates the creative power of nature. When we look at the historical process, in Mesopotamian Civilization the Sky is considered sacred and designs are developed in this frame whereas in Egypt the Lotus plant symbolized life and death. Philosophers in Greek Art emphasized the link between the concept of 'mimesis' and nature. In the period of scholastic thought, the architectural designs were based on human, nature and creation. During the Renaissance period, artists began to work on the anatomy, since they had not seen enough plant motifs and animal figures for their designs. In 19th century, the relationship between human and nature has begun to gain a different dimension by the development of the industry and technology. At the beginning of the 20th century, with the Art-Nouveau movement, nature has been a source of inspiration for the artists again and the abstract decorative forms have begun to develop. However, towards the end of the twentieth century, it has been argued that rather than the formal imitations of nature, its creation power should be imitated. Today, many features of the objects found in nature such as functions, genetic software, colour and texture are used frequently in furniture design, material construction and architecture thanks to developing and constantly advancing technology. In many furniture designs, designers have designed their products by emulating nature. In this study, the connection of furniture design with nature will be analyzed in a historical process. The perception of nature and man's nature is not limited only to the appearance of the earth's surface, but the person who spends every moment of his life in nature, reflects on his designs most of the things he experiences in nature, and used nature against nature to survive. Imitation, which means 'mimesis' in Greek, is a spiritual enthusiasm according to Aristotle and biomimesis as the first definition to cover studies of the methods, designs and processes of nature has begun to be used at the end of the 20th century. Nowadays, this concept has spread to many areas from advanced materials to architecture rapidly. (YEŞİLYURT, 2008) Recently, the importance of biomimicry has increased and many virtual applications have been made about this subject and the institute has been established. Biomimicry taxonomy prepared by the Institute of Biomimicry by using an internet extension collects many living things and characteristics in nature in a database. (KUDAY, 2009) With the help of this application and the extension, designers can learn how nature and living creatures produce solutions and reflect this in their designs. As it is understood of these works and the designs coming up to the day-today , designers are oriented by nature in many different directions such as functional, structural and formal. Design inspired by nature can be classified as formal influences, structural influences, functional influences, textural influences, mechanical influences and individual applications.

Books by Emine Yavuz Pakih

CURRENT ACADEMIC STUDIES IN ARCHITECTURAL SCIENCES , 2018

Giriş Çağımızda teknoloji, mekân kurgusunun önünde yer almaya başlamıştır. Bu nedenle mekan kurgu... more Giriş Çağımızda teknoloji, mekân kurgusunun önünde yer almaya başlamıştır. Bu nedenle mekan kurgusu çoğu yerde gerekli şekilde değer bulamamaktadır. Disiplinler arası yapılacak çalışmalarla görsel ürünlerde (sinema-animasyon-bilgisayar oyunları) mekan kurgusunun algılanması oldukça önemli bir hale gelmiştir. Yaşadığımız çağda büyük bir ivme kazanan mekân-mobilya ilişkisi her alanda olduğu gibi İç Mimarlık alanında da pek çok yeni yöntem ve materyali beraberinde getirmiş, mevcut olanakların gelişimini sağlamıştır. 3 boyutlu çizim programları mekânın uygulama sonrasındaki görüntüsünün gerçekçi bir biçimde elde edilmesinde yardımcı olarak proje uygulamasında hatayı en aza indirmiştir. Bu çalışmaların başlaması insan-mekan-teknoloji açısından kullanılan materyallerin günümüz tasarım anlayışına örnek teşkil edilmesinde büyük rol oynamıştır. İç Mimarlıkta Teknoloji Sanayi devrimiyle birlikte hayatımızda yer etmeye başlayan teknoloji; araştırma, geliştirme, üretim, pazarlama, satış ve satış sonrası hizmeti kapsayan sürecin, etkin ve verimli bir biçimde gerçekleştirilmesi için kullanılabilecek bilgi ve becerilerin tümü olarak tanımlanabilir. (teknolojivetasarım, 2017) Toplum ve birey yaşamını doğrudan etkileyen teknolojik gelişmeler, kent ve mekân ölçeğinde de kendini göstermektedir. Toffler (1996) yılında toplumların gelişimini tarım dönemi, endüstri dönemi ve bilgi çağı olarak sınıflandırarak çalışmıştır. Günümüzü bilgi çağı olarak nitelendirdiğimizde sosyal ve toplumsal alışkanlıklarımızda yaşanan değişiklikler ihtiyaç duyduğumuz mekânları da farklılaştırmıştır. (ÖZTURAN, 2015).

SANAT VE MİMARİ’DE ÖNE ÇIKANLAR, 2019

ÖZ Renk tarihte sadece sanatsal bir ifade olmamış aynı zamanda insanların duygularının da semboli... more ÖZ Renk tarihte sadece sanatsal bir ifade olmamış aynı zamanda insanların duygularının da sembolik değeri olmuştur. Kültürler arasında farklı anlamlar taşıyan renklerin ortak dili insanlar üzerinde fizyolojik ve psikolojik etkisi olmasıdır. Renk algısı, fiziksel, fizyolojik ve psikolojik ortamların bileşkesinde ve ışığın, nesnenin ve gözlemcinin fizyolojik ve psikolojik olmak üzere bir takım özelliklerine bağlı olarak gerçekleşir (Porter ve Mikellides, 1976). Rengin insanlar üzerindeki fizyolojik ve psikolojik etkisi tarihte rengin sağlık alanında tedavi amacıyla kullanılmasına sebep olmuştur. Bu sebeple renk tasarımcının karşısına çıkan güçlü bir olgudur. Yapılan çalışmalar ve araştırmalar sonucunda günümüzde tasarımcılar rengin kullanımı konusunda daha fazla bilgi sahibidir. Yapılan çalışmada renk olgusu, rengin insan sağlığı üzerine etkileri, tedavide kullanımı ve sağlık yapılarında iç mekanda renk kullanımı örnekler üzerinden incelenmiştir. ABSTRACT Color is not only an artistic expression in history, but also has symbolic value of people's feelings. The common language of colors with different meanings between cultures is that they have physiological and psychological effects on humans. Color perception occurs in the combination of physical, physiological and psychological environments and depending on the characteristics of light, object and observer physiological and psychological (Porter and Mikellides, 1976). The physiological and psychological effects of color on humans have led to the use of color in the field of health. For this reason, the color is a powerful phenomenon facing the designer. As a result of studies and researches, designers have more information about the use of color. In the study, the color phenomenon, the effects of color on human health, the use of it in treatment and the use of color in health structures were examined through examples.

Conference Presentations by Emine Yavuz Pakih

Industrialization and technology are effective on many fields, especially architecture. Therefore... more Industrialization and technology are effective on many fields, especially architecture. Therefore, building construction accelerate in that any structure can be constructed not only in terms of methodology but also in terms of different materials. However, structure construction is turned from adapting to nature to challenging the nature owing to unconscious usage of technology. In the process of construction, unconscious consumption of material, unnecessary expending energy during transport, pollution during usage and its left behind cause the increasing of carbon foot print. Thus and so, unfortunately, the number of natural sources gradually reduce and the environment fall into ruin. Rapidly growing world population causes decrease in feedstock and increase in necessity of transport and shelter and also fast consumption. Because of this, it caused energy crisis in the 20.th Century. This crisis cause to be aware of "sustainability" term and generate the "echo architecture" term in the architecture. As part of these terms, benefit from sunlight efficiently, providing acoustical and thermal conditions, conservation of energy, adaptation with environment and suitability with material in buildings become important. At the same time, they provide the usage of local materials in architecture thanks to today's technology. The scope of this paper, in terms of echo-architecture, some traditional structures in Turkey are built with local materials and also are specific according to its environment, are investigated. It is observed that these structures contribute echo-architecture in terms of economical, physical, social, cultural and environmental fields during the construction, using and recycling process. Architecture is to adapt to current era that includes technological advance and ever-evolving technological applications. In addition to this, most of the time architectural buildings are design and implemented in ignorance ecological criteria. As a result of this, gradually deterioration in urban silhouette, infrastructure problems and increase in the pollution of living space are ones of the marked examples. However, an architectural structure should be investigated in consideration of the environment and how it can be applied in most harmonies environment. Eco-architectural is to minimize energy requirement of a build with design and material selection. It has been revealed that the negative effects of the materials on the environment are minimized. Thus, the aim of this to partially or completely eliminate the problems arising from the use of energy resources and to provide energy conservation in the structures. Vitrivius (1990) stated that special housing should be design taking into account climate and local condition in the Ten Books About Architecture which wrote in the B.C 25. Technological developments starting with the Industrial Revolution unfortunately, increased population, urbanization and settlement rapidly and irregularly .At the same time, decrease in natural resources gained importance ecology term in the whole world. The energy crisis in the seventies and the following years brought the need for saving for the first time to the agenda. In addition, energy conservation became an economic and ecological requirement with not only

bildiri, 2022

In the period they were built, the baths were not only used as a place for washing, but also for ... more In the period they were built, the baths were not only used as a place for washing, but also for socializing. As a result of changing needs and urban life over time, the bath culture has begun to disappear in many cities. When the baths, which had a significant financial return in the period they were used, started to become idle over time, most of them were rented or sold by foundations to individuals or institutions. The buildings that remained idle for many years were out of control, served warehouses and businesses, and were devastated. As a result of the increase in the importance given to cultural heritage in recent years, many of the historical baths that have taken their places in the social memory have been offered to the public again with new functions. In re-functioning, the structure should be preserved with minimal intervention and transferred to future generations. In addition, in the selection of new functions in buildings, the needs and the architectural features of the building should be taken into consideration.
Undoubtedly, baths are one of the most interesting building types in Ottoman architecture, both spatially and structurally. For this reason, physical comfort conditions and user satisfaction are of great importance in the selection of new functions in baths due to their architecture. In Bursa, which is one of the Ottoman cities where the bath culture is still partially continued, many baths have been re-functionalized.
Within the scope of the study, the Ördekli and Kayıhan baths in Bursa were discussed. Users in one or both of the mentioned baths were asked to evaluate the physical comfort conditions (acoustic, humidity, air-conditioning, lighting, etc.) with a survey conducted over the Google form, and as a result of the answers given, a descriptive analysis was made and the users were asked primarily from acoustics, then from temperature and lighting, respectively. It was concluded that they were disturbed.

makale, Jul 31, 2022

Endüstri Devriminden sonra bilgisayarların kullanımı ve otomasyona geçiş ile birlikte pek çok end... more Endüstri Devriminden sonra bilgisayarların kullanımı ve otomasyona geçiş ile birlikte pek çok endüstri yapısı atıl kalmıştır. Endüstri Devrimini daha önce yaşamış olan ülkelerde makineler için yapılmış bu mekanlar insanların kullanımı için dönüştürülmeye başlanmıştır. Endüstri mirası kavramı ortaya çıkmasıyla birlikte konu farklı bir boyutta ele alınmaya başlanmış, pek çok endüstri binası tescillenerek koruma altına alınmıştır. Özgün işlevine tekrar dönüştürülen yapıların yanı sıra, farklı işlevler yüklenen yapılarda bulunmaktadır. Binalara farklı işlevler yüklenirken koruma kavramının yanında yeni işlevin yapının mevcut mekan kurgusuna uygun olması gerekmektedir.
Yeniden işlevlendirmede eklenen ara katlar, duvarlar, geçitler ve kullanılan malzemeler özgün mimari özelliklere zarar vermemelidir. Yeniden işlevlendirilecek yapılar çevresiyle birlikte ele alınmalı, kültürel, ekonomik, sosyal ve toplumsal nedenler göz önünde bulundurulmalıdır.
Çalışma kapsamında eski zeytinyağı fabrikaları ve yağhaneler ele alınmıştır. Ayvalık bölgesinin turizm odaklı gelişiminden sonra kent merkezinde bulunan zeytinyağı fabrikaları kent dışına taşınmış, kent merkezinde bulunan fabrikalar atıl kalmıştır. Birer kültürel miras niteliğinde olan yapılar yeniden işlevlendirilerek korunmuştur.
Bu çalışmada; atıl kalmış ve yeniden işlevlendirilmiş eski yağhanelerden biri olan Beyaz Yalı Otel yapılan kütlesel, strüktürel, mekânsal müdahaleler, mimari miras ve endüstri miras boyutuyla ele alınmıştır.

Dakam Conferance

Humans as a part of nature, use imitations of objects which exist to survive against the challeng... more Humans as a part of nature, use imitations of objects which exist to survive against the challenges of nature. According to most philosophers, the 'imitation' is the instinct that is given spiritually to a person. Starting from the antiquity, people, reflect the information they have gained over time, such as dressing, eating and drinking, dressing, hunting, war strategy, protection and defence, without realizing it. According to Aristotle's design theory, art is a reflection and reflects what is in nature, while Pluto advocates that art imitates the creative power of nature. When we look at the historical process, in Mesopotamian Civilization the Sky is considered sacred and designs are developed in this frame whereas in Egypt the Lotus plant symbolized life and death. Philosophers in Greek Art emphasized the link between the concept of 'mimesis' and nature. In the period of scholastic thought, the architectural designs were based on human, nature and creation. During the Renaissance period, artists began to work on the anatomy, since they had not seen enough plant motifs and animal figures for their designs. In 19th century, the relationship between human and nature has begun to gain a different dimension by the development of the industry and technology. At the beginning of the 20th century, with the Art-Nouveau movement, nature has been a source of inspiration for the artists again and the abstract decorative forms have begun to develop. However, towards the end of the twentieth century, it has been argued that rather than the formal imitations of nature, its creation power should be imitated. Today, many features of the objects found in nature such as functions, genetic software, colour and texture are used frequently in furniture design, material construction and architecture thanks to developing and constantly advancing technology. In many furniture designs, designers have designed their products by emulating nature. In this study, the connection of furniture design with nature will be analyzed in a historical process. The perception of nature and man's nature is not limited only to the appearance of the earth's surface, but the person who spends every moment of his life in nature, reflects on his designs most of the things he experiences in nature, and used nature against nature to survive. Imitation, which means 'mimesis' in Greek, is a spiritual enthusiasm according to Aristotle and biomimesis as the first definition to cover studies of the methods, designs and processes of nature has begun to be used at the end of the 20th century. Nowadays, this concept has spread to many areas from advanced materials to architecture rapidly. (YEŞİLYURT, 2008) Recently, the importance of biomimicry has increased and many virtual applications have been made about this subject and the institute has been established. Biomimicry taxonomy prepared by the Institute of Biomimicry by using an internet extension collects many living things and characteristics in nature in a database. (KUDAY, 2009) With the help of this application and the extension, designers can learn how nature and living creatures produce solutions and reflect this in their designs. As it is understood of these works and the designs coming up to the day-today , designers are oriented by nature in many different directions such as functional, structural and formal. Design inspired by nature can be classified as formal influences, structural influences, functional influences, textural influences, mechanical influences and individual applications.

CURRENT ACADEMIC STUDIES IN ARCHITECTURAL SCIENCES , 2018

Giriş Çağımızda teknoloji, mekân kurgusunun önünde yer almaya başlamıştır. Bu nedenle mekan kurgu... more Giriş Çağımızda teknoloji, mekân kurgusunun önünde yer almaya başlamıştır. Bu nedenle mekan kurgusu çoğu yerde gerekli şekilde değer bulamamaktadır. Disiplinler arası yapılacak çalışmalarla görsel ürünlerde (sinema-animasyon-bilgisayar oyunları) mekan kurgusunun algılanması oldukça önemli bir hale gelmiştir. Yaşadığımız çağda büyük bir ivme kazanan mekân-mobilya ilişkisi her alanda olduğu gibi İç Mimarlık alanında da pek çok yeni yöntem ve materyali beraberinde getirmiş, mevcut olanakların gelişimini sağlamıştır. 3 boyutlu çizim programları mekânın uygulama sonrasındaki görüntüsünün gerçekçi bir biçimde elde edilmesinde yardımcı olarak proje uygulamasında hatayı en aza indirmiştir. Bu çalışmaların başlaması insan-mekan-teknoloji açısından kullanılan materyallerin günümüz tasarım anlayışına örnek teşkil edilmesinde büyük rol oynamıştır. İç Mimarlıkta Teknoloji Sanayi devrimiyle birlikte hayatımızda yer etmeye başlayan teknoloji; araştırma, geliştirme, üretim, pazarlama, satış ve satış sonrası hizmeti kapsayan sürecin, etkin ve verimli bir biçimde gerçekleştirilmesi için kullanılabilecek bilgi ve becerilerin tümü olarak tanımlanabilir. (teknolojivetasarım, 2017) Toplum ve birey yaşamını doğrudan etkileyen teknolojik gelişmeler, kent ve mekân ölçeğinde de kendini göstermektedir. Toffler (1996) yılında toplumların gelişimini tarım dönemi, endüstri dönemi ve bilgi çağı olarak sınıflandırarak çalışmıştır. Günümüzü bilgi çağı olarak nitelendirdiğimizde sosyal ve toplumsal alışkanlıklarımızda yaşanan değişiklikler ihtiyaç duyduğumuz mekânları da farklılaştırmıştır. (ÖZTURAN, 2015).

SANAT VE MİMARİ’DE ÖNE ÇIKANLAR, 2019

ÖZ Renk tarihte sadece sanatsal bir ifade olmamış aynı zamanda insanların duygularının da semboli... more ÖZ Renk tarihte sadece sanatsal bir ifade olmamış aynı zamanda insanların duygularının da sembolik değeri olmuştur. Kültürler arasında farklı anlamlar taşıyan renklerin ortak dili insanlar üzerinde fizyolojik ve psikolojik etkisi olmasıdır. Renk algısı, fiziksel, fizyolojik ve psikolojik ortamların bileşkesinde ve ışığın, nesnenin ve gözlemcinin fizyolojik ve psikolojik olmak üzere bir takım özelliklerine bağlı olarak gerçekleşir (Porter ve Mikellides, 1976). Rengin insanlar üzerindeki fizyolojik ve psikolojik etkisi tarihte rengin sağlık alanında tedavi amacıyla kullanılmasına sebep olmuştur. Bu sebeple renk tasarımcının karşısına çıkan güçlü bir olgudur. Yapılan çalışmalar ve araştırmalar sonucunda günümüzde tasarımcılar rengin kullanımı konusunda daha fazla bilgi sahibidir. Yapılan çalışmada renk olgusu, rengin insan sağlığı üzerine etkileri, tedavide kullanımı ve sağlık yapılarında iç mekanda renk kullanımı örnekler üzerinden incelenmiştir. ABSTRACT Color is not only an artistic expression in history, but also has symbolic value of people's feelings. The common language of colors with different meanings between cultures is that they have physiological and psychological effects on humans. Color perception occurs in the combination of physical, physiological and psychological environments and depending on the characteristics of light, object and observer physiological and psychological (Porter and Mikellides, 1976). The physiological and psychological effects of color on humans have led to the use of color in the field of health. For this reason, the color is a powerful phenomenon facing the designer. As a result of studies and researches, designers have more information about the use of color. In the study, the color phenomenon, the effects of color on human health, the use of it in treatment and the use of color in health structures were examined through examples.

Industrialization and technology are effective on many fields, especially architecture. Therefore... more Industrialization and technology are effective on many fields, especially architecture. Therefore, building construction accelerate in that any structure can be constructed not only in terms of methodology but also in terms of different materials. However, structure construction is turned from adapting to nature to challenging the nature owing to unconscious usage of technology. In the process of construction, unconscious consumption of material, unnecessary expending energy during transport, pollution during usage and its left behind cause the increasing of carbon foot print. Thus and so, unfortunately, the number of natural sources gradually reduce and the environment fall into ruin. Rapidly growing world population causes decrease in feedstock and increase in necessity of transport and shelter and also fast consumption. Because of this, it caused energy crisis in the 20.th Century. This crisis cause to be aware of "sustainability" term and generate the "echo architecture" term in the architecture. As part of these terms, benefit from sunlight efficiently, providing acoustical and thermal conditions, conservation of energy, adaptation with environment and suitability with material in buildings become important. At the same time, they provide the usage of local materials in architecture thanks to today's technology. The scope of this paper, in terms of echo-architecture, some traditional structures in Turkey are built with local materials and also are specific according to its environment, are investigated. It is observed that these structures contribute echo-architecture in terms of economical, physical, social, cultural and environmental fields during the construction, using and recycling process. Architecture is to adapt to current era that includes technological advance and ever-evolving technological applications. In addition to this, most of the time architectural buildings are design and implemented in ignorance ecological criteria. As a result of this, gradually deterioration in urban silhouette, infrastructure problems and increase in the pollution of living space are ones of the marked examples. However, an architectural structure should be investigated in consideration of the environment and how it can be applied in most harmonies environment. Eco-architectural is to minimize energy requirement of a build with design and material selection. It has been revealed that the negative effects of the materials on the environment are minimized. Thus, the aim of this to partially or completely eliminate the problems arising from the use of energy resources and to provide energy conservation in the structures. Vitrivius (1990) stated that special housing should be design taking into account climate and local condition in the Ten Books About Architecture which wrote in the B.C 25. Technological developments starting with the Industrial Revolution unfortunately, increased population, urbanization and settlement rapidly and irregularly .At the same time, decrease in natural resources gained importance ecology term in the whole world. The energy crisis in the seventies and the following years brought the need for saving for the first time to the agenda. In addition, energy conservation became an economic and ecological requirement with not only