Gabriel Custurea | Museum for National History and Archeology from Constanta (original) (raw)

Books by Gabriel Custurea

Volumes by Gabriel Custurea

Pontica, 2022

Laudatio Supplementum Pontica

Papers by Gabriel Custurea

Acta Archaeologica Lodziensia, 2019

The city of Callatis, founded by colonists of Heraclea Pontica, probably in the second half of th... more The city of Callatis, founded by colonists of Heraclea Pontica, probably in the second half of the 6th century BC, experienced a special period of economic and urban development during the 4th century BC. With its resource-rich agricultural hinterland, the colony sustained a dynamic trade with important commercial centres (Heraclea, Sinope, Thasos, Rhodes etc.). During the second half of the 4th century BC, the local and regional context favoured the opening of a mint that initially struck silver (drachmas, half drachmas and quarter drachmas), then gold (staters) and silver (tetradrachms), as well as bronze coins of various iconographic types. Chronologically, Callatis is the second coin-issuing centre on the west coast of the Dobrudja after Istros. The presence, penetration and possible circulation of monetary issues from Callatis, during the 4th-1st centuries BC, can be traced step by step in different geographic areas, which closely correlate to the directions of trade developed by the colony in different chronological phases. What is noteworthy for the isolated discoveries is, during the fourth century, the widespread distribution of the bronze coins of the city, which are found in overwhelming proportions if we compare them with finds of Greek, Greek-native and native issues (particularly as regards the territory south of the Danube).

Studia mediaevalia Europaea et orientalia : miscellanea in honorem professoris emeriti Victor Spinei oblata, 2018

The authors present three fibulae found in the Museum of National History and Archeology of Const... more The authors present three fibulae found in the Museum of National History and Archeology of Constanța. The first is a silver fibulae with a semicircular upper plate and a lower pentagonal one. The piece has the best analogies in the discoveries belonging to the cultural complex Sântana de Mureş – Cernjakhov. The next two fibulae are from the migration period and are part of the curved-fibulae category. One has a lower plate ornamented with spirals, the other is a zoo-anthropomorphic fibula with a smooth surface. The three fibulae newly discovered in Dobruja complement the existing data for the south-eastern territory of Romania in the 4th–7th centuries, thus diversifying the types and variants known to date. Their provenance from fortuitous discoveries deprived us of the presentation of an archaeological context. Such objects are not frequent discoveries in the territory of Dobruja, so we considered it important to bring them to the attention of specialists.

Irish Journal of Medical Science, 1994

Complications of Gastrooesophageaalreflux disease (GORD) are associated with supine or combined r... more Complications of Gastrooesophageaalreflux disease (GORD) are associated with supine or combined reflux. Upright reflux has been reported to be of less severity, but some reports have suggested a correlation between oesophagitis and post-prandial reflux (PPR). 200 patients with reflux symptoms were analysed to establish the relative frequencies of uptight, supine and combined rellux, Further analysis was then carried out to establish the contribution of PPR. PPR was defined as % pH < 4 during periods of 60 minutes after eating, Results: 144 patients had abnormal pH profile, significant upright reflux being detected in 111 (77. I%), This was combined with significant supine reflux in 74 (66.6%) of the above. 37 (25.7%) of the total abnormal population had upright reflux alone and 33 (22.9%) had supine reflux only. In the pure upright refluxers (group A) PPR was < pH 4.0 for a mean of 17.1% of the total post-prandial time, and accounted for 30.2% of the total reflux time. In combined retluxers (group B) the mean duration of PPR was 27.6% of the post prandial time and accounted for 23.4% of total reflux. Supine refluxers (group C) PPR duration was 5.2% which represented 13% of total reflux in this group. Total % PPR % Restored to Normal Group A (n=37) 9.5 (7.5) 17,1(16.3) 51.0"** Group B (n = 74) 22.5 (16.6) 27.6 (21,1) 8.1% Group C (n = 33) 10.9 (8.3) 5.2 (4.2) 0% Mean % (+SD) *** p < 0.00I, Chi-square test. Elimination of PPR by subtracting PPR time from total reflux time restored 19 (51%) of group A and 6 (8.1%) of group B patients to within normal range, It is concluded that PPR is a significant factor in upright reflux which has implications for treatment. 2 HOW GOOD IS OPEN COMMON BILE DUCT EXPLORATION?

The author presents a series of 43 Byzantine coins. Among these coins 5 (five pieces) are issued ... more The author presents a series of 43 Byzantine coins. Among these coins 5 (five pieces) are issued by: Justinus I (2 pieces), Justinian I and Justin II (2 pieces), the others being issued during the 10 th - 11 th centuries: Constantin VII - 1, class A2 - A3 (9 pieces), class C (10 pieces), class D (6 pieces), class I (1 piece), Constantin X (2 pieces), Roman IV (1 piece). According to the monetary discoveries from the settlement, one can conclude that between the 2 nd and the 6 th cent. we can document the people living in this area starting probably after the Avaro-Slav attacks from the time of Mauricius Tiberiu. For the 9 th cent. and beginning of 10 th cent. discoveries show a life resuming that grows in intensity starting with the 11 th cent., at the time when the Byzantine power comes back to the Danube areas. The Capu Dealului settlement ceases its existence at the end of the 11 th cent. during the troubled period of the 8 th and 9 th decades. The monetary discoveries, both thos...

Dobrogea. Coordonate istorice si arheologice, 2016

The authors present a hoard of 259 counterfeits after the Silver Ottoman akçe struck by Ahmed I. ... more The authors present a hoard of 259 counterfeits after the Silver Ottoman akçe struck by Ahmed I. The counterfeits were produced with three dies, two for Obverse and one for Reverse. According to Slobodan Srećković, the prototypes used for the Obverse dies were the Ottoman Silver coins with the Obverse type A and the Obverse type C. The Reverse die represent a copy after the Obverse A but without the father name Mehmed and adding the year 1012 written 1102. The hoard include 84 pieces (blanks) prepared for striking.

The author publishes a number of 59 Byzantine coins from the 9 th to 13 th cent. One can notice t... more The author publishes a number of 59 Byzantine coins from the 9 th to 13 th cent. One can notice the piece no. 31 issued during the reign of emperor Basil I, found at Târgusor and completing the very rare discoveries coming from this emperor. We also notice the existence of some other coins issued by emperor Roman I, discovered at Constanta and Mangalia, compleating at their turn the picture of the monetary circulation during the 10 th century. For the next century, the discoveries made at Agigea, Cataloi, Dunăreni-Ciumata si Răzoarele marks some new points on the Dobrudjan map. We payed a special attention to the small hoard from the emperor Manuel I, found in the area of Târgusor village, the most remote point on the river Danube, on which these coins circulated the most.

The author presents a small hoard of four gold coins, probably a fragment of a hoard, discovered ... more The author presents a small hoard of four gold coins, probably a fragment of a hoard, discovered at Ostrov or Silistra. All the four pieces are issued by emperor Justinian I and they join the other discoveries of precious metal pieces made at Abrit, Adamclisi, Caliacra, Cernavoda, Pantelimonu de Sus, Silistra, Slava Rusă. The author underlines the fact that all these discoveries came from the urban or military garrison places.

The author deals with a number of archaeological and numismatic discoveries from the village of S... more The author deals with a number of archaeological and numismatic discoveries from the village of Satu Nou, Capu Dealului site (Oltina commune, Constantza county). The archaeological finds are dated in the 4 t h cent. and the 11 t h cent. and they are similar to the discoveries made on the entire territory of Dobroudja. The 79 coins analysed in this article date from the 6 t h cent. (13 pieces); 9 t h cent .(2 pieces) and 11 t h cent (64 pieces). The author considers that the "Capu Dealului" settlement lasted between the 5 t h and 6 t h centuries, ceased its existence at the moment of the "Limes" fall, at the begin-ing of the 7 t h cent. For a short period of time, during the 9 t h cent., life here became normal, especially around the important center of Silistra (Dristra), and during the 11 t h cent., after the return of the area of Dobroudja into the bounderies of the Byzantine Empire, a flourishing life is developping here for about 3 decades. This last phase of...

The author publishes a number of 267 Byzantine coins from the 5 1h - 7 th cent: discovered in Dob... more The author publishes a number of 267 Byzantine coins from the 5 1h - 7 th cent: discovered in Dobrudja. The pieces come either from archaeological sites like Adamclisi, Capidava, Hârsova, Pantelimonul de Sus, either from private collections. Some pieces worth being individualized. Piece no. 2 is a rare issue from Justinus I, the "officina" of pieces no. 102 and no. 111 is original and piece no. 202 has a different reading legend to the MIB, II catalogue. The author is also making some remarques concerning the circulation of the early Byzantine coin on the territory of Dobrudja. Starting with the monetary reform of Anastasius I, the emperors' issues spread in the towns and the big fortresses and only sporadically in the rural area. From the analyze of the spreading discoveries one can notice that from a number of 101 sites, in 40 among them only one coin has been discovered. We notice, therefore, a weak monetary circulation in the rural area. After the first half of the...

The author presents six capsules of theriac discovered at Isaccea, nos. 1, 3, 4 and Târgusor-Este... more The author presents six capsules of theriac discovered at Isaccea, nos. 1, 3, 4 and Târgusor-Ester, nos. 2, 5, and 6. These kind of pieces had been discovered at Constanţa, Silistra and Mangalia and publisted 50 years ago. Together with the original pieces we also find counterfeits, two of them being described by the author (nos. 5, 6). Testa d'oro, Struzzo d'oro, Cedro Imperiale and Aquila Nera are names of Venetian chemist's shops found on the territory of Romania, where these kind of products were mentioned. The existence of these kind of objects, together with some small value weights, certifies the practice of a trade with medicines and cosmetics and the existence of some Venetian coins certifies, at the same time, the relations of this province with the city of Venice.

Acta Archaeologica Lodziensia, 2019

The city of Callatis, founded by colonists of Heraclea Pontica, probably in the second half of th... more The city of Callatis, founded by colonists of Heraclea Pontica, probably in the second half of the 6th century BC, experienced a special period of economic and urban development during the 4th century BC. With its resource-rich agricultural hinterland, the colony sustained a dynamic trade with important commercial centres (Heraclea, Sinope, Thasos, Rhodes etc.). During the second half of the 4th century BC, the local and regional context favoured the opening of a mint that initially struck silver (drachmas, half drachmas and quarter drachmas), then gold (staters) and silver (tetradrachms), as well as bronze coins of various iconographic types. Chronologically, Callatis is the second coin-issuing centre on the west coast of the Dobrudja after Istros. The presence, penetration and possible circulation of monetary issues from Callatis, during the 4th-1st centuries BC, can be traced step by step in different geographic areas, which closely correlate to the directions of trade developed by the colony in different chronological phases. What is noteworthy for the isolated discoveries is, during the fourth century, the widespread distribution of the bronze coins of the city, which are found in overwhelming proportions if we compare them with finds of Greek, Greek-native and native issues (particularly as regards the territory south of the Danube).

Studia mediaevalia Europaea et orientalia : miscellanea in honorem professoris emeriti Victor Spinei oblata, 2018

The authors present three fibulae found in the Museum of National History and Archeology of Const... more The authors present three fibulae found in the Museum of National History and Archeology of Constanța. The first is a silver fibulae with a semicircular upper plate and a lower pentagonal one. The piece has the best analogies in the discoveries belonging to the cultural complex Sântana de Mureş – Cernjakhov. The next two fibulae are from the migration period and are part of the curved-fibulae category. One has a lower plate ornamented with spirals, the other is a zoo-anthropomorphic fibula with a smooth surface. The three fibulae newly discovered in Dobruja complement the existing data for the south-eastern territory of Romania in the 4th–7th centuries, thus diversifying the types and variants known to date. Their provenance from fortuitous discoveries deprived us of the presentation of an archaeological context. Such objects are not frequent discoveries in the territory of Dobruja, so we considered it important to bring them to the attention of specialists.

Irish Journal of Medical Science, 1994

Complications of Gastrooesophageaalreflux disease (GORD) are associated with supine or combined r... more Complications of Gastrooesophageaalreflux disease (GORD) are associated with supine or combined reflux. Upright reflux has been reported to be of less severity, but some reports have suggested a correlation between oesophagitis and post-prandial reflux (PPR). 200 patients with reflux symptoms were analysed to establish the relative frequencies of uptight, supine and combined rellux, Further analysis was then carried out to establish the contribution of PPR. PPR was defined as % pH < 4 during periods of 60 minutes after eating, Results: 144 patients had abnormal pH profile, significant upright reflux being detected in 111 (77. I%), This was combined with significant supine reflux in 74 (66.6%) of the above. 37 (25.7%) of the total abnormal population had upright reflux alone and 33 (22.9%) had supine reflux only. In the pure upright refluxers (group A) PPR was < pH 4.0 for a mean of 17.1% of the total post-prandial time, and accounted for 30.2% of the total reflux time. In combined retluxers (group B) the mean duration of PPR was 27.6% of the post prandial time and accounted for 23.4% of total reflux. Supine refluxers (group C) PPR duration was 5.2% which represented 13% of total reflux in this group. Total % PPR % Restored to Normal Group A (n=37) 9.5 (7.5) 17,1(16.3) 51.0"** Group B (n = 74) 22.5 (16.6) 27.6 (21,1) 8.1% Group C (n = 33) 10.9 (8.3) 5.2 (4.2) 0% Mean % (+SD) *** p < 0.00I, Chi-square test. Elimination of PPR by subtracting PPR time from total reflux time restored 19 (51%) of group A and 6 (8.1%) of group B patients to within normal range, It is concluded that PPR is a significant factor in upright reflux which has implications for treatment. 2 HOW GOOD IS OPEN COMMON BILE DUCT EXPLORATION?

The author presents a series of 43 Byzantine coins. Among these coins 5 (five pieces) are issued ... more The author presents a series of 43 Byzantine coins. Among these coins 5 (five pieces) are issued by: Justinus I (2 pieces), Justinian I and Justin II (2 pieces), the others being issued during the 10 th - 11 th centuries: Constantin VII - 1, class A2 - A3 (9 pieces), class C (10 pieces), class D (6 pieces), class I (1 piece), Constantin X (2 pieces), Roman IV (1 piece). According to the monetary discoveries from the settlement, one can conclude that between the 2 nd and the 6 th cent. we can document the people living in this area starting probably after the Avaro-Slav attacks from the time of Mauricius Tiberiu. For the 9 th cent. and beginning of 10 th cent. discoveries show a life resuming that grows in intensity starting with the 11 th cent., at the time when the Byzantine power comes back to the Danube areas. The Capu Dealului settlement ceases its existence at the end of the 11 th cent. during the troubled period of the 8 th and 9 th decades. The monetary discoveries, both thos...

Dobrogea. Coordonate istorice si arheologice, 2016

The authors present a hoard of 259 counterfeits after the Silver Ottoman akçe struck by Ahmed I. ... more The authors present a hoard of 259 counterfeits after the Silver Ottoman akçe struck by Ahmed I. The counterfeits were produced with three dies, two for Obverse and one for Reverse. According to Slobodan Srećković, the prototypes used for the Obverse dies were the Ottoman Silver coins with the Obverse type A and the Obverse type C. The Reverse die represent a copy after the Obverse A but without the father name Mehmed and adding the year 1012 written 1102. The hoard include 84 pieces (blanks) prepared for striking.

The author publishes a number of 59 Byzantine coins from the 9 th to 13 th cent. One can notice t... more The author publishes a number of 59 Byzantine coins from the 9 th to 13 th cent. One can notice the piece no. 31 issued during the reign of emperor Basil I, found at Târgusor and completing the very rare discoveries coming from this emperor. We also notice the existence of some other coins issued by emperor Roman I, discovered at Constanta and Mangalia, compleating at their turn the picture of the monetary circulation during the 10 th century. For the next century, the discoveries made at Agigea, Cataloi, Dunăreni-Ciumata si Răzoarele marks some new points on the Dobrudjan map. We payed a special attention to the small hoard from the emperor Manuel I, found in the area of Târgusor village, the most remote point on the river Danube, on which these coins circulated the most.

The author presents a small hoard of four gold coins, probably a fragment of a hoard, discovered ... more The author presents a small hoard of four gold coins, probably a fragment of a hoard, discovered at Ostrov or Silistra. All the four pieces are issued by emperor Justinian I and they join the other discoveries of precious metal pieces made at Abrit, Adamclisi, Caliacra, Cernavoda, Pantelimonu de Sus, Silistra, Slava Rusă. The author underlines the fact that all these discoveries came from the urban or military garrison places.

The author deals with a number of archaeological and numismatic discoveries from the village of S... more The author deals with a number of archaeological and numismatic discoveries from the village of Satu Nou, Capu Dealului site (Oltina commune, Constantza county). The archaeological finds are dated in the 4 t h cent. and the 11 t h cent. and they are similar to the discoveries made on the entire territory of Dobroudja. The 79 coins analysed in this article date from the 6 t h cent. (13 pieces); 9 t h cent .(2 pieces) and 11 t h cent (64 pieces). The author considers that the "Capu Dealului" settlement lasted between the 5 t h and 6 t h centuries, ceased its existence at the moment of the "Limes" fall, at the begin-ing of the 7 t h cent. For a short period of time, during the 9 t h cent., life here became normal, especially around the important center of Silistra (Dristra), and during the 11 t h cent., after the return of the area of Dobroudja into the bounderies of the Byzantine Empire, a flourishing life is developping here for about 3 decades. This last phase of...

The author publishes a number of 267 Byzantine coins from the 5 1h - 7 th cent: discovered in Dob... more The author publishes a number of 267 Byzantine coins from the 5 1h - 7 th cent: discovered in Dobrudja. The pieces come either from archaeological sites like Adamclisi, Capidava, Hârsova, Pantelimonul de Sus, either from private collections. Some pieces worth being individualized. Piece no. 2 is a rare issue from Justinus I, the "officina" of pieces no. 102 and no. 111 is original and piece no. 202 has a different reading legend to the MIB, II catalogue. The author is also making some remarques concerning the circulation of the early Byzantine coin on the territory of Dobrudja. Starting with the monetary reform of Anastasius I, the emperors' issues spread in the towns and the big fortresses and only sporadically in the rural area. From the analyze of the spreading discoveries one can notice that from a number of 101 sites, in 40 among them only one coin has been discovered. We notice, therefore, a weak monetary circulation in the rural area. After the first half of the...

The author presents six capsules of theriac discovered at Isaccea, nos. 1, 3, 4 and Târgusor-Este... more The author presents six capsules of theriac discovered at Isaccea, nos. 1, 3, 4 and Târgusor-Ester, nos. 2, 5, and 6. These kind of pieces had been discovered at Constanţa, Silistra and Mangalia and publisted 50 years ago. Together with the original pieces we also find counterfeits, two of them being described by the author (nos. 5, 6). Testa d'oro, Struzzo d'oro, Cedro Imperiale and Aquila Nera are names of Venetian chemist's shops found on the territory of Romania, where these kind of products were mentioned. The existence of these kind of objects, together with some small value weights, certifies the practice of a trade with medicines and cosmetics and the existence of some Venetian coins certifies, at the same time, the relations of this province with the city of Venice.

During the last decade the Museum for National History and Archaeology Constanta has purchased a ... more During the last decade the Museum for National History and Archaeology Constanta has purchased a number of iron plough coulters and blades. Among them seven pieces have drawn our attention; by shape and dimensions they seem to date from the medieval epoch beginning. The lack of archaeological context, a situation often to be found in cases of purchased pieces, determined us in this case also to appeal to specialty bibliography and to analogies identification as references for our objects chronological framing. The plough coulters described at positions no. 1-3 in the catalogue seem to correspond with this kind of discoveries from Garvăn, Tulcea county )length 18 cm, maximum width 9.2 cm), dated to the 11 th century and Dodesti (Vaslui county) - with an earlier dating to the 5 th - 7 th centuries. The coulter from Ghenci (Căuas com., Satu Mare county) - 16 cm long and 9 cm wide - dated to the 8 th - 9 th centuries can also be framed here. The piece at position no. 4 would frame among...

The authors present a series of 105 Byzantine coins representing the latest acquisition of the mu... more The authors present a series of 105 Byzantine coins representing the latest acquisition of the museum Constanta. One can notice the discoveries from Castelu and Dunăreni-Brotca, sites that increase to 99 the number of settlements where these kind of coins have been found. Among the pieces presented in this article we notice nr. 2 and no. 103, variants at the already known catalogues, and no. 10, a Nicomedia issue forgery. This work is in fact an addenda to the last year contribution.

Materiale şi cercetări arheologice