Patricia Krawczak | Institut Mines-Telecom (original) (raw)
Papers by Patricia Krawczak
Express Polymer Letters, 2025
Metamaterials – and their two-dimensional analogues named metasurfaces – are engineered using 'bu... more Metamaterials – and their two-dimensional analogues named metasurfaces – are engineered using 'building blocks' at scales beyond atomistic and macromolecular levels to achieve properties not found in their bulk constituent materials. These advanced materials have applications spanning electromagnetic, acoustic, thermal, and mechanical domains. As of 2023, the market size for metamaterials was valued at US$ 815million,with projections indicating growth to US$ 6,442 million by 2032, driven by a compound annual growth rate of 24.5% from 2024 to 2032 onwards [https://www.imarcgroup.com/metamaterials-market]. Among the various types, mechanical metamaterials are distinguished by their exceptional mechanical properties, which enable highly customized behaviours [https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-41679-8]. Polymer-based mechanical metamaterials are engineered by assembling various microstructural units which can be classified into types such as origami, chiral, and lattice-based types, depending on their microstructural design. A range of engineered polymers has been tested to create these 'building blocks', selected to impart unique or multiple mechanical properties at larger scales. These polymers include: •Elastomers like polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPU), highly valued for their hyperelasticity, flexibility, and energy-conservation. When incorporated into structures designed to exhibit negative stiffness – where the loading force decreases as deformation increases – they enable behaviours such as self-locking and multi-stability, allowing the metamaterial to maintain deformations and recover without plastic deformation, making it effective for shock isolation and vibration control. •Thermoplastics, such as polylactic acid (PLA), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and polycarbonate (PC), offering adjustable stiffness and strength, which are critical for developing lightweight, high-performance structures with enhanced energy absorption and impact resistance. •Thermosets, including epoxy resins and polyurethanes – praised for their rigidity, durability, and ability to maintain structural integrity under stress – or phenolic resins and cyanate esters offering thermal stability and high mechanical strength. In sandwich structures, thermosets often serve as matrix materials for auxetic cores, enhancing energy absorption and impact resistance. •More functional polymers including and not limited to (i) shape memory polymers (SMPs), which enable the creation of adaptive and responsive structures; (ii) conductive polymers, like PEDOT, which merge electrical conductivity with mechanical durability; and (iii) magnetorheological elastomers (MREs), which integrate materials like silicone and natural rubber with embedded magnetic particles to achieve tunable stiffness and damping properties under varying magnetic fields. Polymer-based mechanical metamaterials are characterized by properties such as ultra-lightweight, ultra-stiffness, negative responses (e.g., negative Poisson’s ratio, negative stiffness), and programmable responses. These unique properties enable applications in fields where conventional materials fall short, such as ultra-stiff yet lightweight structures for aerospace or materials with programmable mechanical properties for biomedical applications. Notable examples of mechanical metamaterials include: •Auxetic metamaterials exhibiting a negative Poisson’s ratio, causing counterintuitive deformation thanks to re-entrant honeycomb unit-cell geometries, thus enhancing toughness and energy absorption. •Bouligand structures, with a multi-scale helical out-of-plane arrangement of unidirectional layers of unidirectional deposited polymeric joints, known for enhanced stiffness via crack deviation mechanisms. •More complex structural designs achieved based on computer-generated topological structures which require advanced processing techniques. Several industrial demonstrators are under development, including vehicle frontal structures and impact absorbers in seats, showcasing the practical applications of these innovative materials. Similarly, mechanical metasurfaces specifically designed to control mechanical waves can dynamically alter mechanical forces and regulate vibrations. Besides, bio-inspired methodologies, which mimic natural systems to develop advanced materials with unique characteristics, are often pivotal in advancing mechanical metamaterials. Despite their promise, significant challenges persist, particularly in design, analysis, fabrication, and application. Design challenges include the uncertainty in predicting performance from structural changes and the complexity of creating the necessary microstructures. For instance, achieving lightweight structures often requires aperiodic or gradually changing microstructures rather than simple periodic unit cells. Analysis challenges involve reconciling structural assumptions with real-world performance imperfections, and addressing long-term behaviour as most characterizations still focus on monocyclic tests, neglecting fatigue performance, which is essential for understanding thermomechanical behaviour under cyclic loading conditions. Furthermore, the transition to micro and submicron scales introduces additional challenges in manufacturing precision and scalability, as current fabrication methods may not suffice for the necessary accuracy and defect-free production on these smaller scales. Fabrication challenges arise from the complexity of the required geometries, often exceeding current manufacturing capabilities to produce intricate structures accurately and without defects, even if 3D printing has recently unlocked a number of issues. Application challenges are evidenced by the limited number of patents and practical implementations, reflecting the early stage of development in this field. Addressing these gaps and challenges will be crucial for advancing mechanical metamaterials and for realising their full potential in enhancing efficiency, safety, and performance. So far, research on mechanical metamaterials has mainly focused on passive mechanical metamaterials and the tunability of their mechanical properties. Looking ahead, the miniaturization of these materials to micron and submicron scales could expand their applicability in fields like nano-robotics, microelectromechanical systems, and next-generation sensors. Additionally, deep integration of multifunctionality (sensing, energy harvesting, electrical actuation, adaptation, computation, information processing), and advancing data-driven designs could lead to truly intelligent mechanical metamaterials.
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Mar 10, 2014
International audienc
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Nov 20, 2014
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Sep 7, 2009
International audienc
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Oct 3, 2007
International audienc
Polymers & Polymer Composites, Nov 1, 2010
Different concentrations of multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) filled polypropylene (PP) nanocom... more Different concentrations of multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) filled polypropylene (PP) nanocomposites were prepared through PP/MWNT masterbatch dilution process by melt compounding with a twin-screw extruder. Prepared nanocomposites were characterized for their electrical resistivity and dielectric properties. The experimental results revealed that incorporation of MWNTs in PP matrix had decreased the electrical resistivity and increased the dielectric constant at low dielectric loss. The electrical conductivity and dielectric constant of PP/MWNT nanocomposites increased significantly near the percolation thresholds, which is equal to 2 wt.% of MWNTs. The PP nanocomposite containing 5 wt.% MWNT exhibited a high dielectric constant under wide sweep frequencies attended by low dielectric loss. Its dielectric constant is >110 under lower frequency, and remains the same in the entire frequency range. Interestingly, dielectric constant values of the prepared nanocomposite systems have weak or nil frequency dependence in the entire frequency range. Morphological characterization was done using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and it was observed that nanotubes are distributed reasonably uniformly indicating a good dispersion of nanotubes in the PP matrix. The obtained results indicate that a common commercial plastic with good comprehensive performance, which exhibited the potential for applications in advanced electronics, was obtained by a simple industry benign technique.
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Jun 26, 2018
International audienceNatural fibre-filled composites are recently considered to be used in inter... more International audienceNatural fibre-filled composites are recently considered to be used in interior parts of vehicles because of their eco-friendly and mechanical performance [1-3]. However, they emit VOCs at all stages of their life cycle, such as compounding, injection-moulding and usage [4]. In the present study water-assisted extrusion compounding process has been used to reduce the VOC emission during the usage of injection-moulded parts. Flax and hemp fibres (20 wt.%) reinforced polypropylene composites were compounded in presence of maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (PP-g-MA) as compatibilizer using twin screw extrusion, with and without water injection during extrusion. Then the compounds where injection-moulded into standard test specimen. Physical and mechanical properties such as morphological, fibre length, tensile and impact properties were characterized as well as the total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs) and odour emission using automotive standard D42 3109-C. Released TVOCs from the composite products were quantified by air sampling on adsorbent followed by thermal desorption and GC-MS analysis. The scanning electron microscopic observation indicated a good dispersion of fibres in the matrix with a low reduction in average length and aspect ratio of fibres. Mechanical properties of samples produced with water-assisted compounding showed slightly reduced modulus and strength compared to the samples prepared without water assistance. For both flax and hemp fibre-reinforced composites, TVOC emissions are reduced by 94% and 30% respectively with water-assisted extrusion. So, the water-assisted extrusion process has proved its effectiveness in reducing VOCs emissions without scarifying the mechanical properties
Polymers & Polymer Composites, May 1, 2009
Carbon nanotube reinforcement is a key emerging technology to simultaneously impart enhanced mech... more Carbon nanotube reinforcement is a key emerging technology to simultaneously impart enhanced mechanical properties while adding multifunctional characteristics to polymer materials and systems. The promise of extraordinary improvement in-end use properties of polyolefi n/carbon nanotube hybrid systems has spurred great interest and intensive activity in academics and industries. This review offers a comprehensive discussion of the preparation, compounding, properties and applications of such nanocomposites. The processing, dispersion and orientation of nanotubes, as well as the characterisation of physical and mechanical properties of carbon nanotube fi lled polyolefi ns are discussed. In particular the scientifi c principles and mechanisms in relation to the methods of manufacturing are highlighted, with an outlook towards commercial applications.
Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2012
Poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/halloysite nanotubes (HNT) nanocomposites were prepared by melt extrusion... more Poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/halloysite nanotubes (HNT) nanocomposites were prepared by melt extrusion using a masterbatch dilution process. Effect of addition of both unmodified halloysites (HNT) and quaternary ammonium salt treated halloysites (m-HNT) was investigated at different nanofiller contents. A homogeneous distribution/dispersion of halloysites in the PLA matrix is obtained for both unmodified and modified nanotubes within the studied composition range. The nucleating effect of halloysites, resulting in a limited increase of degree of crystallinity, is more pronounced in the case of m-HNT. Besides, the rigidity, tensile, flexural, and impact resistances of PLA significantly increase on addition of halloysites, the property improvement being higher for m-HNT than for HNT. Interestingly, there is no significant embrittlement (almost constant elongation at break). Based on micromechanical models, this superior reinforcement efficiency of m-HNT was ascribed to the better interfacial compatibility induced by the modification of the nanotube surface. V
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Jun 15, 2008
Multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) filled polypropylene (PP) nanocomposites were prepared throug... more Multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) filled polypropylene (PP) nanocomposites were prepared through diluting a PP/MWNT masterbatch in a PP matrix by melt compounding with a twin screw extruder. Polypropylene grafted maleic anhydride (PP-g-MA) was used to promote the carbon nanotubes dispersion. The effect of PP-g-MA addition on the rheological, mechanical and morphological properties of the nanocomposites was assessed for different MWNTs loadings. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has shown that nanotubes are distributed reasonably uniformly. A better dispersion and good adhesion between the nanotubes and the PP matrix is caused by wrapping of PP-g-MA on MWNTs. When PP-g-MA is added, dynamic moduli and viscosity further increases compared to PP/MWNT nanocomposites. The rheological percolation threshold drops significantly. Tensile and flexural moduli and Charpy impact resistance of the nanocomposites also increases by the addition of PP-g-MA. The present study confirms that PP-g-MA is efficient to promote the dispersion of MWNTs in PP matrix and serves as an adhesive to increase their interfacial strength, hence greatly improving the rheological percolation threshold and mechanical properties of PP/MWNT nanocomposites.
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Sep 27, 2006
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Oct 16, 2011
The invention relates to a method for converting a polycondensed elastomeric thermoplastic polyme... more The invention relates to a method for converting a polycondensed elastomeric thermoplastic polymer, including a step of extruding the polycondensed elastomeric thermoplastic polymer in the presence of water. The polycondensed elastomeric thermoplastic polymer is in particular chosen from copolymer block amides, copolyethers or copolyester block urethanes, copolyether block esters and the mixtures thereof, and is preferably a copolyether block amid
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Sep 28, 2005
International audienc
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), 2017
Express Polymer Letters, 2025
Metamaterials – and their two-dimensional analogues named metasurfaces – are engineered using 'bu... more Metamaterials – and their two-dimensional analogues named metasurfaces – are engineered using 'building blocks' at scales beyond atomistic and macromolecular levels to achieve properties not found in their bulk constituent materials. These advanced materials have applications spanning electromagnetic, acoustic, thermal, and mechanical domains. As of 2023, the market size for metamaterials was valued at US$ 815million,with projections indicating growth to US$ 6,442 million by 2032, driven by a compound annual growth rate of 24.5% from 2024 to 2032 onwards [https://www.imarcgroup.com/metamaterials-market]. Among the various types, mechanical metamaterials are distinguished by their exceptional mechanical properties, which enable highly customized behaviours [https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-41679-8]. Polymer-based mechanical metamaterials are engineered by assembling various microstructural units which can be classified into types such as origami, chiral, and lattice-based types, depending on their microstructural design. A range of engineered polymers has been tested to create these 'building blocks', selected to impart unique or multiple mechanical properties at larger scales. These polymers include: •Elastomers like polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPU), highly valued for their hyperelasticity, flexibility, and energy-conservation. When incorporated into structures designed to exhibit negative stiffness – where the loading force decreases as deformation increases – they enable behaviours such as self-locking and multi-stability, allowing the metamaterial to maintain deformations and recover without plastic deformation, making it effective for shock isolation and vibration control. •Thermoplastics, such as polylactic acid (PLA), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and polycarbonate (PC), offering adjustable stiffness and strength, which are critical for developing lightweight, high-performance structures with enhanced energy absorption and impact resistance. •Thermosets, including epoxy resins and polyurethanes – praised for their rigidity, durability, and ability to maintain structural integrity under stress – or phenolic resins and cyanate esters offering thermal stability and high mechanical strength. In sandwich structures, thermosets often serve as matrix materials for auxetic cores, enhancing energy absorption and impact resistance. •More functional polymers including and not limited to (i) shape memory polymers (SMPs), which enable the creation of adaptive and responsive structures; (ii) conductive polymers, like PEDOT, which merge electrical conductivity with mechanical durability; and (iii) magnetorheological elastomers (MREs), which integrate materials like silicone and natural rubber with embedded magnetic particles to achieve tunable stiffness and damping properties under varying magnetic fields. Polymer-based mechanical metamaterials are characterized by properties such as ultra-lightweight, ultra-stiffness, negative responses (e.g., negative Poisson’s ratio, negative stiffness), and programmable responses. These unique properties enable applications in fields where conventional materials fall short, such as ultra-stiff yet lightweight structures for aerospace or materials with programmable mechanical properties for biomedical applications. Notable examples of mechanical metamaterials include: •Auxetic metamaterials exhibiting a negative Poisson’s ratio, causing counterintuitive deformation thanks to re-entrant honeycomb unit-cell geometries, thus enhancing toughness and energy absorption. •Bouligand structures, with a multi-scale helical out-of-plane arrangement of unidirectional layers of unidirectional deposited polymeric joints, known for enhanced stiffness via crack deviation mechanisms. •More complex structural designs achieved based on computer-generated topological structures which require advanced processing techniques. Several industrial demonstrators are under development, including vehicle frontal structures and impact absorbers in seats, showcasing the practical applications of these innovative materials. Similarly, mechanical metasurfaces specifically designed to control mechanical waves can dynamically alter mechanical forces and regulate vibrations. Besides, bio-inspired methodologies, which mimic natural systems to develop advanced materials with unique characteristics, are often pivotal in advancing mechanical metamaterials. Despite their promise, significant challenges persist, particularly in design, analysis, fabrication, and application. Design challenges include the uncertainty in predicting performance from structural changes and the complexity of creating the necessary microstructures. For instance, achieving lightweight structures often requires aperiodic or gradually changing microstructures rather than simple periodic unit cells. Analysis challenges involve reconciling structural assumptions with real-world performance imperfections, and addressing long-term behaviour as most characterizations still focus on monocyclic tests, neglecting fatigue performance, which is essential for understanding thermomechanical behaviour under cyclic loading conditions. Furthermore, the transition to micro and submicron scales introduces additional challenges in manufacturing precision and scalability, as current fabrication methods may not suffice for the necessary accuracy and defect-free production on these smaller scales. Fabrication challenges arise from the complexity of the required geometries, often exceeding current manufacturing capabilities to produce intricate structures accurately and without defects, even if 3D printing has recently unlocked a number of issues. Application challenges are evidenced by the limited number of patents and practical implementations, reflecting the early stage of development in this field. Addressing these gaps and challenges will be crucial for advancing mechanical metamaterials and for realising their full potential in enhancing efficiency, safety, and performance. So far, research on mechanical metamaterials has mainly focused on passive mechanical metamaterials and the tunability of their mechanical properties. Looking ahead, the miniaturization of these materials to micron and submicron scales could expand their applicability in fields like nano-robotics, microelectromechanical systems, and next-generation sensors. Additionally, deep integration of multifunctionality (sensing, energy harvesting, electrical actuation, adaptation, computation, information processing), and advancing data-driven designs could lead to truly intelligent mechanical metamaterials.
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Mar 10, 2014
International audienc
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Nov 20, 2014
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Sep 7, 2009
International audienc
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Oct 3, 2007
International audienc
Polymers & Polymer Composites, Nov 1, 2010
Different concentrations of multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) filled polypropylene (PP) nanocom... more Different concentrations of multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) filled polypropylene (PP) nanocomposites were prepared through PP/MWNT masterbatch dilution process by melt compounding with a twin-screw extruder. Prepared nanocomposites were characterized for their electrical resistivity and dielectric properties. The experimental results revealed that incorporation of MWNTs in PP matrix had decreased the electrical resistivity and increased the dielectric constant at low dielectric loss. The electrical conductivity and dielectric constant of PP/MWNT nanocomposites increased significantly near the percolation thresholds, which is equal to 2 wt.% of MWNTs. The PP nanocomposite containing 5 wt.% MWNT exhibited a high dielectric constant under wide sweep frequencies attended by low dielectric loss. Its dielectric constant is >110 under lower frequency, and remains the same in the entire frequency range. Interestingly, dielectric constant values of the prepared nanocomposite systems have weak or nil frequency dependence in the entire frequency range. Morphological characterization was done using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and it was observed that nanotubes are distributed reasonably uniformly indicating a good dispersion of nanotubes in the PP matrix. The obtained results indicate that a common commercial plastic with good comprehensive performance, which exhibited the potential for applications in advanced electronics, was obtained by a simple industry benign technique.
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Jun 26, 2018
International audienceNatural fibre-filled composites are recently considered to be used in inter... more International audienceNatural fibre-filled composites are recently considered to be used in interior parts of vehicles because of their eco-friendly and mechanical performance [1-3]. However, they emit VOCs at all stages of their life cycle, such as compounding, injection-moulding and usage [4]. In the present study water-assisted extrusion compounding process has been used to reduce the VOC emission during the usage of injection-moulded parts. Flax and hemp fibres (20 wt.%) reinforced polypropylene composites were compounded in presence of maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (PP-g-MA) as compatibilizer using twin screw extrusion, with and without water injection during extrusion. Then the compounds where injection-moulded into standard test specimen. Physical and mechanical properties such as morphological, fibre length, tensile and impact properties were characterized as well as the total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs) and odour emission using automotive standard D42 3109-C. Released TVOCs from the composite products were quantified by air sampling on adsorbent followed by thermal desorption and GC-MS analysis. The scanning electron microscopic observation indicated a good dispersion of fibres in the matrix with a low reduction in average length and aspect ratio of fibres. Mechanical properties of samples produced with water-assisted compounding showed slightly reduced modulus and strength compared to the samples prepared without water assistance. For both flax and hemp fibre-reinforced composites, TVOC emissions are reduced by 94% and 30% respectively with water-assisted extrusion. So, the water-assisted extrusion process has proved its effectiveness in reducing VOCs emissions without scarifying the mechanical properties
Polymers & Polymer Composites, May 1, 2009
Carbon nanotube reinforcement is a key emerging technology to simultaneously impart enhanced mech... more Carbon nanotube reinforcement is a key emerging technology to simultaneously impart enhanced mechanical properties while adding multifunctional characteristics to polymer materials and systems. The promise of extraordinary improvement in-end use properties of polyolefi n/carbon nanotube hybrid systems has spurred great interest and intensive activity in academics and industries. This review offers a comprehensive discussion of the preparation, compounding, properties and applications of such nanocomposites. The processing, dispersion and orientation of nanotubes, as well as the characterisation of physical and mechanical properties of carbon nanotube fi lled polyolefi ns are discussed. In particular the scientifi c principles and mechanisms in relation to the methods of manufacturing are highlighted, with an outlook towards commercial applications.
Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2012
Poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/halloysite nanotubes (HNT) nanocomposites were prepared by melt extrusion... more Poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/halloysite nanotubes (HNT) nanocomposites were prepared by melt extrusion using a masterbatch dilution process. Effect of addition of both unmodified halloysites (HNT) and quaternary ammonium salt treated halloysites (m-HNT) was investigated at different nanofiller contents. A homogeneous distribution/dispersion of halloysites in the PLA matrix is obtained for both unmodified and modified nanotubes within the studied composition range. The nucleating effect of halloysites, resulting in a limited increase of degree of crystallinity, is more pronounced in the case of m-HNT. Besides, the rigidity, tensile, flexural, and impact resistances of PLA significantly increase on addition of halloysites, the property improvement being higher for m-HNT than for HNT. Interestingly, there is no significant embrittlement (almost constant elongation at break). Based on micromechanical models, this superior reinforcement efficiency of m-HNT was ascribed to the better interfacial compatibility induced by the modification of the nanotube surface. V
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Jun 15, 2008
Multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) filled polypropylene (PP) nanocomposites were prepared throug... more Multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) filled polypropylene (PP) nanocomposites were prepared through diluting a PP/MWNT masterbatch in a PP matrix by melt compounding with a twin screw extruder. Polypropylene grafted maleic anhydride (PP-g-MA) was used to promote the carbon nanotubes dispersion. The effect of PP-g-MA addition on the rheological, mechanical and morphological properties of the nanocomposites was assessed for different MWNTs loadings. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has shown that nanotubes are distributed reasonably uniformly. A better dispersion and good adhesion between the nanotubes and the PP matrix is caused by wrapping of PP-g-MA on MWNTs. When PP-g-MA is added, dynamic moduli and viscosity further increases compared to PP/MWNT nanocomposites. The rheological percolation threshold drops significantly. Tensile and flexural moduli and Charpy impact resistance of the nanocomposites also increases by the addition of PP-g-MA. The present study confirms that PP-g-MA is efficient to promote the dispersion of MWNTs in PP matrix and serves as an adhesive to increase their interfacial strength, hence greatly improving the rheological percolation threshold and mechanical properties of PP/MWNT nanocomposites.
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Sep 27, 2006
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Oct 16, 2011
The invention relates to a method for converting a polycondensed elastomeric thermoplastic polyme... more The invention relates to a method for converting a polycondensed elastomeric thermoplastic polymer, including a step of extruding the polycondensed elastomeric thermoplastic polymer in the presence of water. The polycondensed elastomeric thermoplastic polymer is in particular chosen from copolymer block amides, copolyethers or copolyester block urethanes, copolyether block esters and the mixtures thereof, and is preferably a copolyether block amid
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Sep 28, 2005
International audienc
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), 2017
Handbook of Bioplastics and Biocomposites Engineering Applications, 2011
Evergrowing concerns related to sustainability and ecology have been the key driving forces for d... more Evergrowing concerns related to sustainability and ecology have been the key driving forces for developing bio-based plastics, especially for single-use packaging applications where biodegradability is an advantage. Automotive applications are however much more challenging, since durable bioplastics are expected to meet very demanding requirements, such as high thermo-mechanical performance at both very short term (e.g. impact) and very long term (e.g. creep, fatigue) often coupled to chemical resistance to aggressive automotive fluids. The present chapter focuses on the main classes of thermoplastic and thermosetting bioplastics and natural fiber-reinforced bioplastics, also called biocomposites, with current or emerging interest for the modern car industry. It points out the great potential of these renewable materials and their expected future evolution, without forgetting to mention their present drawbacks and the necessary improvements for enhancing their durable applications in automotive and related sectors.