Pejman Kazempoor | Colorado School of Mines (original) (raw)

Papers by Pejman Kazempoor

Fuel Cells, Oct 1, 2010

Models of fuel cell based combined heat and power systems, used in building energy performance si... more Models of fuel cell based combined heat and power systems, used in building energy performance simulation codes, are often based on simple black or grey box models. To model a specific device, input data from experiments are often required for calibration. This paper presents an approach for the theoretical derivation of such data. A generic solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) system model is described that is specifically developed for the evaluation of building integrated coor polygeneration. First, a detailed computational cell model is developed for a planar SOFC and validated with available numerical and experimental data for intermediate and high temperature SOFCs with internal reforming (IT-DIR and HT-DIR). Results of sensitivity analyses on fuel utilisation and air excess ratio are given. Second, the cell model is extended to the stack model, considering stack pressure losses and the radiative heat transfer effect from the stack to the air flow. Third, two system designs based on the IT-DIR and HT-DIR SOFCs are modelled. Electric and CHP efficiencies are given for the two systems, as well as performance characteristics, to be used in simulations of building integrated co-and polygeneration systems.

Water and energy are two inseparable and interdependent phenomena that play essential roles in ec... more Water and energy are two inseparable and interdependent phenomena that play essential roles in economic productivity and sustainable development. This paper presents a novel, highly efficient, and modular hydrogen production unit that can be fully integrated with numerous power production units, including coal and natural gas-fired power plants. The system is designed to utilize various water sources as the process’s feedstock. All process components, including waste-water treatment system, flue gas cooling, separating unit, and high-temperature solid oxide electrolyzer cell (SOEC), are simulated and integrated using Aspen HYSYS. The SOEC model is first validated with experimental and available numerical data. The validation results show that the model can accurately predict SOEC performance at various operating conditions. Afterward, various system configurations are presented, and a comprehensive process analysis has been implemented to evaluate the effects of operating and design parameters on the system performance and efficiency of 97.4% for the SOEC. The overall thermal-to-hydrogen efficiency of the system is 56.3% without heat integration. Moreover, this novel process is integrated with renewable energy sources to ensure the system contribution to global energy decarbonization. Finally, a cradle-to-gate life cycle assessment (LCA) is performed to analyze the environmental impacts of the proposed system. The results indicate that the overall damage level is almost 50% higher using coal power plant as electricity source as to the solar PV and that water-energy nexus is eminent in energy sustainability, water preservation, and the prospect of this integrated system.

International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, May 1, 2022

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Oct 1, 2009

ABSTRACT Design-point and part-load characteristics of a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) system, fue... more ABSTRACT Design-point and part-load characteristics of a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) system, fuelled by methane and hydrogen, are investigated for its prospective use in the residential application. As a part of this activity, a detailed SOFC cell model is developed, evaluated and extended to a stack model. Models of all the required balance of plant components are also developed and are integrated to build a system model. Using this model, two system base cases for methane and hydrogen fuels are introduced. Cogeneration relevant performance figures are investigated for different system configurations and cell parameters i.e. fuel utilization, fuel flow rate, operation voltage and extent of internal fuel reforming. The results show high combined heat and power efficiencies for both cases, with higher thermal-to-electric ratio and lower electric efficiency for the hydrogen-fuelled cases. Performance improvements with radiation air pre-heaters and anode gas recycling are presented and the respective application limits discussed.

Energy Conversion and Management, Oct 1, 2021

Abstract The flexibility of membrane-based carbon capture systems (CCSs) has received considerabl... more Abstract The flexibility of membrane-based carbon capture systems (CCSs) has received considerable attention due to the increasing penetration of intermittent renewable sources. In this paper, a comprehensive techno-economic assessment of several membrane separation processes is performed to investigate the potential and viability of such systems as a flexible CCS technology for integrating into the future low carbon power plants. The technical model involves lumped parameter models for balance of plant and a mechanistic membrane model. The mechanistic membrane model can predict the spatial distributions of species along the membrane length in different flow patterns such as cross and counter-flow. The economic model comprises different cost factors for the capital cost, and operational cost of the system components. The aformentioned models are employed to evaluate four system designs with three membrane types. The impacts of several decision-making parameters such as feed pressure and membrane properties are thoroughly investigated. The results show that considering sweep gas and increasing the feed CO2 concentration lead to lowers required membrane area and energy consumption, respectively. Also, using a high CO2 selectivity membrane leads to lower specific energy, while membranes with a moderate selectivity and high permeability are economically preferable due to a lower required area. Finally, the economic comparison of designs shows that considering feed compression and a counter-current membrane module with sweep gas is the most cost-effective design with a CO2 capture cost of 22.76 $/tCO2. Also, using vacuum pumps is the most energy-efficient design for CO2 capturing, contributing to the flexible operation of the membrane-based CCS.

Journal of Power Sources, Nov 1, 2011

To explore the dynamic characteristics of the SOFC systems and to develop relevant control strate... more To explore the dynamic characteristics of the SOFC systems and to develop relevant control strategies, a previously developed steady state SOFC model is converted to a dynamic model. The model includes mass, momentum, thermal and electrochemical analysis, as well as the kinetic model of hydrocarbon reactions. Applying two control strategies i.e., cell constant fuel flow rate and constant fuel utilization during the transient time, the model is implemented to analyse the dynamic behaviour of a planar direct internal reforming (DIR) SOFC cell under several step-load changes. Transient response, resulting from an inlet temperature variation, is also investigated. The results show that the relaxation time is strongly related to the thermal behaviour of the cell and the applied control strategy. However, it is almost independent of the load variation magnitude.

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Oct 1, 2011

This study presents the final results of a series of modelling steps which are undertaken for the... more This study presents the final results of a series of modelling steps which are undertaken for the performance assessment of the building cogeneration and polygeneration systems using solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC). Based on earlier work, generic SOFC cell stack and system models were developed and employed to analyze different SOFC systems configurations for optimal efficiencies, this SOFC system model is used to derive performance input data for transient whole-building and energy system simulation tools which contain simpler SOFC system models. These steps are shortly summarized here. Then the final step, the evaluation of building integrated co-and polygeneration SOFC systems in terms of primary energy demand and CO 2 emissions, employing such tools, is presented here for a polygeneration system with typical heating and cooling loads, and electricity demand profiles, for different SOFC systems, including a comparison to current standard technologies.

The Journal of Engine Research, Oct 10, 2011

Energies

Methanol is expected to be a possible solution for reducing global greenhouse gas emissions and m... more Methanol is expected to be a possible solution for reducing global greenhouse gas emissions and minimizing the dependency on fossil fuels. This paper presents a systematic approach of methanol (MeOH) production from industrial waste gases including flue gas (FG) and coke oven gas (COG) that are considered an important threat to the environment. The impact of process parameters, including dimensional parameters (length, diameter, and number of tubes) and operational parameters (reactor temperature, pressure, and thermal fluid temperature) over the MeOH synthesis, are investigated by Aspen Plus. Firstly, the synthesis process is designed and optimized using syngas (SG) as a feed material. Secondly, by replacing the feed material with FG and COG, methanol production variability is investigated and demonstrated for the same optimized process. Afterward, an efficient heat exchange network system is developed for all three different processes using Aspen Energy Analyzer. The optimized dim...

Journal of Cleaner Production

Energy Conversion and Management

Atmosphere

Fossil-fueled power plants are a major source of carbon dioxide (CO2) emission and the membrane p... more Fossil-fueled power plants are a major source of carbon dioxide (CO2) emission and the membrane process is a promising technology for CO2 removal and mitigation. This study aims to develop optimal membrane-based carbon capture systems to enhance the sustainability of fossil-fuel power plants by reducing their energy consumption and operating costs. The multi-stage membrane process is numerically modeled using Aspen Custom Modeler based on the solution-diffusion mechanism and then the effects of important operating and design parameters are investigated. Multi-objective process optimization is then carried out by linking Aspen Plus with MATLAB and using an evolutionary technique to determine optimal operating and design conditions. The results show that, as the CO2 concentration in the feed gas increases, the CO2 capture cost significantly decreases and CO2 removal is enhanced, although the process energy demand slightly increases. The best possible trade-offs between objective funct...

ASME 2022 16th International Conference on Energy Sustainability

The membrane process is a promising technology for CO2 removal and mitigation. Since the energy c... more The membrane process is a promising technology for CO2 removal and mitigation. Since the energy consumption and economy of membrane-based carbon capture systems (CCSs) are critical for their large-scale deployments, optimal design and operation of such systems are the primary aims of this study. To achieve these research goals, a numerical model based on the solution-diffusion mechanism for the multicomponent gas separation process with a hollow-fiber membrane module is developed using Aspen Custom Modeler. The model is employed to investigate the effects of important operating and design parameters. Multi-objective process optimization is then performed by linking Aspen Plus and MATLAB and using an evolutionary technique to determine the optimal operating and design conditions. Our results show that by increasing the CO2 concentration in the feed gas, the CO2 capture cost significantly decreases and CO2 removal improves, although the process energy requirement slightly increases. T...

ASME 2022 16th International Conference on Energy Sustainability

Water and energy are two inseparable and interdependent phenomena that play essential roles in ec... more Water and energy are two inseparable and interdependent phenomena that play essential roles in economic productivity and sustainable development. This paper presents a novel, highly efficient, and modular hydrogen production unit that can be fully integrated with numerous power production units, including coal and natural gas-fired power plants. The system is designed to utilize various water sources as the process’s feedstock. All process components, including waste-water treatment system, flue gas cooling, separating unit, and high-temperature solid oxide electrolyzer cell (SOEC), are simulated and integrated using Aspen HYSYS. The SOEC model is first validated with experimental and available numerical data. The validation results show that the model can accurately predict SOEC performance at various operating conditions. Afterward, various system configurations are presented, and a comprehensive process analysis has been implemented to evaluate the effects of operating and design...

International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, 2022

The Journal of Engine Research, 2011

Energy Conversion and Management, 2021

Abstract Gas flaring is a significant cause of air contamination and a source of energy losses in... more Abstract Gas flaring is a significant cause of air contamination and a source of energy losses in the oil and gas industry. A liquid ring compressor is a cost-effective and appropriate technology, which can be used to recover flare gas from various sources. In this paper, a novel flare gas recovery process based on liquid ring compressors is proposed, in which flare gases are compressed and treated simultaneously using methyl diethanolamine. This process is simulated here through some custom models in Aspen HYSYS and MATLAB software, and the effects of operating and design parameters on the performance of the proposed flare gas recovery system are examined. Results demonstrate that the H2S absorption efficiency can be improved by reducing amine temperature or raising the flow rate of the recycling amine. However, the energy consumption of the process increases in these conditions. It is also demonstrated that there is an optimum value for the lean amine solvent concentration to minimize the H2S concentration of the outlet gas. The process analysis shows that by integrating the proposed flare gas recovery system with a refinery plant generating 0.5 MMSCFD of flare gas, it is possible to recover 87% of the available heating value in the flare gas. Also, the environmental aspects of the plant is considerably improved by preventing the release of 28 mtCO2 equivalent per day to the atmosphere. Due to the overlapping effects of system operating parameters, a multi-objective optimization is conducted to optimize the process, and the Pareto solutions set consists of the best possible trade-offs between process energy consumption, H2S concentration of outlet gas, and lean amine solvent consumption are generated.

Energy Conversion and Management, 2021

Abstract The flexibility of membrane-based carbon capture systems (CCSs) has received considerabl... more Abstract The flexibility of membrane-based carbon capture systems (CCSs) has received considerable attention due to the increasing penetration of intermittent renewable sources. In this paper, a comprehensive techno-economic assessment of several membrane separation processes is performed to investigate the potential and viability of such systems as a flexible CCS technology for integrating into the future low carbon power plants. The technical model involves lumped parameter models for balance of plant and a mechanistic membrane model. The mechanistic membrane model can predict the spatial distributions of species along the membrane length in different flow patterns such as cross and counter-flow. The economic model comprises different cost factors for the capital cost, and operational cost of the system components. The aformentioned models are employed to evaluate four system designs with three membrane types. The impacts of several decision-making parameters such as feed pressure and membrane properties are thoroughly investigated. The results show that considering sweep gas and increasing the feed CO2 concentration lead to lowers required membrane area and energy consumption, respectively. Also, using a high CO2 selectivity membrane leads to lower specific energy, while membranes with a moderate selectivity and high permeability are economically preferable due to a lower required area. Finally, the economic comparison of designs shows that considering feed compression and a counter-current membrane module with sweep gas is the most cost-effective design with a CO2 capture cost of 22.76 $/tCO2. Also, using vacuum pumps is the most energy-efficient design for CO2 capturing, contributing to the flexible operation of the membrane-based CCS.

Fuel Cells, Oct 1, 2010

Models of fuel cell based combined heat and power systems, used in building energy performance si... more Models of fuel cell based combined heat and power systems, used in building energy performance simulation codes, are often based on simple black or grey box models. To model a specific device, input data from experiments are often required for calibration. This paper presents an approach for the theoretical derivation of such data. A generic solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) system model is described that is specifically developed for the evaluation of building integrated coor polygeneration. First, a detailed computational cell model is developed for a planar SOFC and validated with available numerical and experimental data for intermediate and high temperature SOFCs with internal reforming (IT-DIR and HT-DIR). Results of sensitivity analyses on fuel utilisation and air excess ratio are given. Second, the cell model is extended to the stack model, considering stack pressure losses and the radiative heat transfer effect from the stack to the air flow. Third, two system designs based on the IT-DIR and HT-DIR SOFCs are modelled. Electric and CHP efficiencies are given for the two systems, as well as performance characteristics, to be used in simulations of building integrated co-and polygeneration systems.

Water and energy are two inseparable and interdependent phenomena that play essential roles in ec... more Water and energy are two inseparable and interdependent phenomena that play essential roles in economic productivity and sustainable development. This paper presents a novel, highly efficient, and modular hydrogen production unit that can be fully integrated with numerous power production units, including coal and natural gas-fired power plants. The system is designed to utilize various water sources as the process’s feedstock. All process components, including waste-water treatment system, flue gas cooling, separating unit, and high-temperature solid oxide electrolyzer cell (SOEC), are simulated and integrated using Aspen HYSYS. The SOEC model is first validated with experimental and available numerical data. The validation results show that the model can accurately predict SOEC performance at various operating conditions. Afterward, various system configurations are presented, and a comprehensive process analysis has been implemented to evaluate the effects of operating and design parameters on the system performance and efficiency of 97.4% for the SOEC. The overall thermal-to-hydrogen efficiency of the system is 56.3% without heat integration. Moreover, this novel process is integrated with renewable energy sources to ensure the system contribution to global energy decarbonization. Finally, a cradle-to-gate life cycle assessment (LCA) is performed to analyze the environmental impacts of the proposed system. The results indicate that the overall damage level is almost 50% higher using coal power plant as electricity source as to the solar PV and that water-energy nexus is eminent in energy sustainability, water preservation, and the prospect of this integrated system.

International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, May 1, 2022

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Oct 1, 2009

ABSTRACT Design-point and part-load characteristics of a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) system, fue... more ABSTRACT Design-point and part-load characteristics of a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) system, fuelled by methane and hydrogen, are investigated for its prospective use in the residential application. As a part of this activity, a detailed SOFC cell model is developed, evaluated and extended to a stack model. Models of all the required balance of plant components are also developed and are integrated to build a system model. Using this model, two system base cases for methane and hydrogen fuels are introduced. Cogeneration relevant performance figures are investigated for different system configurations and cell parameters i.e. fuel utilization, fuel flow rate, operation voltage and extent of internal fuel reforming. The results show high combined heat and power efficiencies for both cases, with higher thermal-to-electric ratio and lower electric efficiency for the hydrogen-fuelled cases. Performance improvements with radiation air pre-heaters and anode gas recycling are presented and the respective application limits discussed.

Energy Conversion and Management, Oct 1, 2021

Abstract The flexibility of membrane-based carbon capture systems (CCSs) has received considerabl... more Abstract The flexibility of membrane-based carbon capture systems (CCSs) has received considerable attention due to the increasing penetration of intermittent renewable sources. In this paper, a comprehensive techno-economic assessment of several membrane separation processes is performed to investigate the potential and viability of such systems as a flexible CCS technology for integrating into the future low carbon power plants. The technical model involves lumped parameter models for balance of plant and a mechanistic membrane model. The mechanistic membrane model can predict the spatial distributions of species along the membrane length in different flow patterns such as cross and counter-flow. The economic model comprises different cost factors for the capital cost, and operational cost of the system components. The aformentioned models are employed to evaluate four system designs with three membrane types. The impacts of several decision-making parameters such as feed pressure and membrane properties are thoroughly investigated. The results show that considering sweep gas and increasing the feed CO2 concentration lead to lowers required membrane area and energy consumption, respectively. Also, using a high CO2 selectivity membrane leads to lower specific energy, while membranes with a moderate selectivity and high permeability are economically preferable due to a lower required area. Finally, the economic comparison of designs shows that considering feed compression and a counter-current membrane module with sweep gas is the most cost-effective design with a CO2 capture cost of 22.76 $/tCO2. Also, using vacuum pumps is the most energy-efficient design for CO2 capturing, contributing to the flexible operation of the membrane-based CCS.

Journal of Power Sources, Nov 1, 2011

To explore the dynamic characteristics of the SOFC systems and to develop relevant control strate... more To explore the dynamic characteristics of the SOFC systems and to develop relevant control strategies, a previously developed steady state SOFC model is converted to a dynamic model. The model includes mass, momentum, thermal and electrochemical analysis, as well as the kinetic model of hydrocarbon reactions. Applying two control strategies i.e., cell constant fuel flow rate and constant fuel utilization during the transient time, the model is implemented to analyse the dynamic behaviour of a planar direct internal reforming (DIR) SOFC cell under several step-load changes. Transient response, resulting from an inlet temperature variation, is also investigated. The results show that the relaxation time is strongly related to the thermal behaviour of the cell and the applied control strategy. However, it is almost independent of the load variation magnitude.

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Oct 1, 2011

This study presents the final results of a series of modelling steps which are undertaken for the... more This study presents the final results of a series of modelling steps which are undertaken for the performance assessment of the building cogeneration and polygeneration systems using solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC). Based on earlier work, generic SOFC cell stack and system models were developed and employed to analyze different SOFC systems configurations for optimal efficiencies, this SOFC system model is used to derive performance input data for transient whole-building and energy system simulation tools which contain simpler SOFC system models. These steps are shortly summarized here. Then the final step, the evaluation of building integrated co-and polygeneration SOFC systems in terms of primary energy demand and CO 2 emissions, employing such tools, is presented here for a polygeneration system with typical heating and cooling loads, and electricity demand profiles, for different SOFC systems, including a comparison to current standard technologies.

The Journal of Engine Research, Oct 10, 2011

Energies

Methanol is expected to be a possible solution for reducing global greenhouse gas emissions and m... more Methanol is expected to be a possible solution for reducing global greenhouse gas emissions and minimizing the dependency on fossil fuels. This paper presents a systematic approach of methanol (MeOH) production from industrial waste gases including flue gas (FG) and coke oven gas (COG) that are considered an important threat to the environment. The impact of process parameters, including dimensional parameters (length, diameter, and number of tubes) and operational parameters (reactor temperature, pressure, and thermal fluid temperature) over the MeOH synthesis, are investigated by Aspen Plus. Firstly, the synthesis process is designed and optimized using syngas (SG) as a feed material. Secondly, by replacing the feed material with FG and COG, methanol production variability is investigated and demonstrated for the same optimized process. Afterward, an efficient heat exchange network system is developed for all three different processes using Aspen Energy Analyzer. The optimized dim...

Journal of Cleaner Production

Energy Conversion and Management

Atmosphere

Fossil-fueled power plants are a major source of carbon dioxide (CO2) emission and the membrane p... more Fossil-fueled power plants are a major source of carbon dioxide (CO2) emission and the membrane process is a promising technology for CO2 removal and mitigation. This study aims to develop optimal membrane-based carbon capture systems to enhance the sustainability of fossil-fuel power plants by reducing their energy consumption and operating costs. The multi-stage membrane process is numerically modeled using Aspen Custom Modeler based on the solution-diffusion mechanism and then the effects of important operating and design parameters are investigated. Multi-objective process optimization is then carried out by linking Aspen Plus with MATLAB and using an evolutionary technique to determine optimal operating and design conditions. The results show that, as the CO2 concentration in the feed gas increases, the CO2 capture cost significantly decreases and CO2 removal is enhanced, although the process energy demand slightly increases. The best possible trade-offs between objective funct...

ASME 2022 16th International Conference on Energy Sustainability

The membrane process is a promising technology for CO2 removal and mitigation. Since the energy c... more The membrane process is a promising technology for CO2 removal and mitigation. Since the energy consumption and economy of membrane-based carbon capture systems (CCSs) are critical for their large-scale deployments, optimal design and operation of such systems are the primary aims of this study. To achieve these research goals, a numerical model based on the solution-diffusion mechanism for the multicomponent gas separation process with a hollow-fiber membrane module is developed using Aspen Custom Modeler. The model is employed to investigate the effects of important operating and design parameters. Multi-objective process optimization is then performed by linking Aspen Plus and MATLAB and using an evolutionary technique to determine the optimal operating and design conditions. Our results show that by increasing the CO2 concentration in the feed gas, the CO2 capture cost significantly decreases and CO2 removal improves, although the process energy requirement slightly increases. T...

ASME 2022 16th International Conference on Energy Sustainability

Water and energy are two inseparable and interdependent phenomena that play essential roles in ec... more Water and energy are two inseparable and interdependent phenomena that play essential roles in economic productivity and sustainable development. This paper presents a novel, highly efficient, and modular hydrogen production unit that can be fully integrated with numerous power production units, including coal and natural gas-fired power plants. The system is designed to utilize various water sources as the process’s feedstock. All process components, including waste-water treatment system, flue gas cooling, separating unit, and high-temperature solid oxide electrolyzer cell (SOEC), are simulated and integrated using Aspen HYSYS. The SOEC model is first validated with experimental and available numerical data. The validation results show that the model can accurately predict SOEC performance at various operating conditions. Afterward, various system configurations are presented, and a comprehensive process analysis has been implemented to evaluate the effects of operating and design...

International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, 2022

The Journal of Engine Research, 2011

Energy Conversion and Management, 2021

Abstract Gas flaring is a significant cause of air contamination and a source of energy losses in... more Abstract Gas flaring is a significant cause of air contamination and a source of energy losses in the oil and gas industry. A liquid ring compressor is a cost-effective and appropriate technology, which can be used to recover flare gas from various sources. In this paper, a novel flare gas recovery process based on liquid ring compressors is proposed, in which flare gases are compressed and treated simultaneously using methyl diethanolamine. This process is simulated here through some custom models in Aspen HYSYS and MATLAB software, and the effects of operating and design parameters on the performance of the proposed flare gas recovery system are examined. Results demonstrate that the H2S absorption efficiency can be improved by reducing amine temperature or raising the flow rate of the recycling amine. However, the energy consumption of the process increases in these conditions. It is also demonstrated that there is an optimum value for the lean amine solvent concentration to minimize the H2S concentration of the outlet gas. The process analysis shows that by integrating the proposed flare gas recovery system with a refinery plant generating 0.5 MMSCFD of flare gas, it is possible to recover 87% of the available heating value in the flare gas. Also, the environmental aspects of the plant is considerably improved by preventing the release of 28 mtCO2 equivalent per day to the atmosphere. Due to the overlapping effects of system operating parameters, a multi-objective optimization is conducted to optimize the process, and the Pareto solutions set consists of the best possible trade-offs between process energy consumption, H2S concentration of outlet gas, and lean amine solvent consumption are generated.

Energy Conversion and Management, 2021

Abstract The flexibility of membrane-based carbon capture systems (CCSs) has received considerabl... more Abstract The flexibility of membrane-based carbon capture systems (CCSs) has received considerable attention due to the increasing penetration of intermittent renewable sources. In this paper, a comprehensive techno-economic assessment of several membrane separation processes is performed to investigate the potential and viability of such systems as a flexible CCS technology for integrating into the future low carbon power plants. The technical model involves lumped parameter models for balance of plant and a mechanistic membrane model. The mechanistic membrane model can predict the spatial distributions of species along the membrane length in different flow patterns such as cross and counter-flow. The economic model comprises different cost factors for the capital cost, and operational cost of the system components. The aformentioned models are employed to evaluate four system designs with three membrane types. The impacts of several decision-making parameters such as feed pressure and membrane properties are thoroughly investigated. The results show that considering sweep gas and increasing the feed CO2 concentration lead to lowers required membrane area and energy consumption, respectively. Also, using a high CO2 selectivity membrane leads to lower specific energy, while membranes with a moderate selectivity and high permeability are economically preferable due to a lower required area. Finally, the economic comparison of designs shows that considering feed compression and a counter-current membrane module with sweep gas is the most cost-effective design with a CO2 capture cost of 22.76 $/tCO2. Also, using vacuum pumps is the most energy-efficient design for CO2 capturing, contributing to the flexible operation of the membrane-based CCS.