Mahmoud Ahmed Darwish | Minia University (original) (raw)
Papers by Mahmoud Ahmed Darwish
International Journal of Engineering, Nov 28, 2018
Manuscript of Shooting by cannons, preserved in the National Library and Documentation House in C... more Manuscript of Shooting by cannons, preserved in the National Library and Documentation House in Cairo under the number (28) Equestrian Timor (Microfilm No. 270). The manuscript is due to the upper state in Morocco, and could be reached to date in (1795), featuring nine and sixty pages. We did not come up with the full terms of the author mentioned the remnants of the second page named "اٌغالؽ" "Al-Gallat" name, but the goal of this research is achieved full deployment of substance and achieve what it contained. The author was one of the sons of Banu'l-Ahmar [1] centered in the Valley East of Morocco, a wide spread to the Bou Regreg valley and Chochawa on the Atlantic Ocean. Teachers have been carried Banu'l-Ahmar tribe tasks teach shooting since the twelfth century and until the date of the manuscript, which was the reason for raising the army efficiency than England was forced to hand over Tanga in 1095 AH (1684 AD) and the elimination of Spanish domination in was left in the hands of the Spaniards until the year 1102 AH (1690 AD), but Ceuta and Melilla, and the author stated that he participated in the liberation wars of these two cities. Research follow the analytical method, where he addressed the manuscript and plan the investigation, and the seven chapters consisting of preferred shooting, recipe Cannon, recipe gunpowder, recipe Sheikh, who shooting knows, and how shooting education, and the rule of baiting a rifle bullet, and how to hunt monsters. Eat as tools and means of shooting bows and shooting types and methods of their use of Greek fire, gunpowder and development of various kinds as well as lead and other rifles.
International journal of research in social sciences, 2016
The objective of this study to highlight the evolution of the urban planning of the Coptic monast... more The objective of this study to highlight the evolution of the urban planning of the Coptic monasteries, and its architectural elements through the Islamic age. The Stages undergone urban planningfrom mid of fourth century to the Islamic conquest and from the Islamic conquest to nineteenth century. The analytical study contains urban planning and the architectural elements which witnessed several developments during the period from the 4th to 19th century, consists of the defense buildings, civilian buildings and churches. The research focused on the features of urban planning, and the treatments were reflected on some semblance of desert architecture.
The conflicts between the great powers after the withdrawal of the British campaign on Egypt (180... more The conflicts between the great powers after the withdrawal of the British campaign on Egypt (1806-1812), by addressing the Anglo-Ottoman War (1807-1809), which was part of the Napoleonic Wars. In the summer of 1806, during the War of the Third Alliance between Britain, Russia, Prussia and Sweden against the First French Empire, after Count Sebastiani, Napoleon I's ambassador to the Ottoman Empire, managed to persuade the Ottomans to cancel all the special privileges granted to Russia in 1805, and restrict the opening of the Turkish Straits (Dardanelles) on French warships. In return, Napoleon promised to help the Sultan quell the rebellion in Serbia and restore the territories lost by the Ottoman Empire. After the Russian army entered Moldova and Achaia in 1806, the Ottomans declared war on Russia. The research also deals with the Anglo-Russian War (1807-1812), which occurred during the Napoleonic Wars. As part of the terms of the Treaty of Tilsit, Russia was forced to close sea trade with Great Britain, as part of Napoleon's efforts to establish the Continental Blockade, and to strengthen economic relations between the various countries in Europe under French control, with the ultimate goal being to close one of Britain's most important foreign markets to economically strangle it. And make her submit. This prompted the Russian Empire to declare war on Great Britain in November 1807. As for the Russian-Ottoman War (1806-1812), it was one of the longest wars that took place between the Ottoman Empire and Tsarist Russia. The economic and military aspects, as the Ottoman Empire suffered as a result of that war from a deficit in the public treasury of the state. It also showed the extent to which the Janissaries went to extremes until they reached the limit of isolating and killing some of the sultans, and this is a clear indication
International Journal of Engineering, Nov 28, 2018
The problem of artistic creativity is one of the deeper problems, which are related to acts under... more The problem of artistic creativity is one of the deeper problems, which are related to acts underlying the artist, emerged about his artistic work, they also represent the most important art issues, as the creative innovation is about originality reflect the genius reveal his greatness, and artistic creation is an introduction to the study of artistic taste on the basis of sound, which is the study of the act or creative expression precondition of artistic taste, which is the focus of the relationship between the creator and the receiver. Studies on the problem of creativity have varied between; historical studies that tracks the views of successive artists, descriptive studies only as artistic creativity in their manifestations, taxonomic studies that focus on the classification of creative processes, and interpretative studies that are trying to reach the level of theory by Philosophical Method the theoretical or practical and demo approach. Research deals with an analytical study of the theories of artistic creation, which include: inspiration or genius, mental, social, and psychology, to confirm that creativity is nothing but a product of social reality and conditions, customs and heritage and traditions associated with inspiration and genius of social and psychological conditions.
International Journal of Engineering, Jan 28, 2019
The research aims to highlight aspects of Urbanization of Rosetta in the light of the social plur... more The research aims to highlight aspects of Urbanization of Rosetta in the light of the social pluralism and civil peace (century 16-18 AD), where he flourished create homes, mosques, churches and industrial facilities and social welfare facilities. Rosetta made prosperous in economic life, which include agriculture, industry and trade both internally and externally, European hotels were establishment, where it was the center for the establishment of European merchants since the century (16 AD), and increased in abundance in the century (18 AD). Venetians possessed a particular Khan (hotel), because of the breadth of their business, and the consul of Venice and traders reside in it, along with the French khan. The results of the facilities acquired by the European trade in Egypt, that some governments, such as Venice and France worked to have the people with the recipe consuls. Strangely enough, the Europeans would have preferred accommodation at parents boxes, unlike the consuls, who would have preferred to stay to be in their own boxes, and expect to be caused by the descent of the Europeans in parents Khans, to the large numbers even were not there Khans had not allow of their stay, so they were forced to accommodation beyond. The research deals with several axes as follows:-planning and Urbanization of Rosetta from: building conditions and the Planning of streets and roads-Impact of Economic and Social Life on Urbanization in Rosetta, from 16 th to 18 century.
International Journal of Innovation and Applied Studies, 2016
The Castle established in (1031) and occupied by the Crusaders (1099), and renewed by Mamluk Sult... more The Castle established in (1031) and occupied by the Crusaders (1099), and renewed by Mamluk Sultans Baybars (1171) and Kalawoon (1285). Castle retains many of the architectural elements dating to the Seljuks, the Crusaders and Mamluks. Seljuk buildings consisting of the eastern entrance of the inner fortress and the emergence of the church, which was a tower, the tower in the north-west along fences between them, the fence south of the entrance until the south east tower. Castle planning has consisted of two fences by six towers and composed the outer wall of the entrance, which consists of two square towers and the corridor between them, entrance leads to cruciform planning Dorqa'a on its sides two corridors around the inner fence, the interface extending on both sides of the entrance to the north and south where it ends in the north tower represents the emergence of the Church is currently in the south was offset by another tower in the position of the south tower current-eas...
International journal of innovation and scientific research, 2016
Heritage and cultural property in all its forms, represents people's Assembly, which passed f... more Heritage and cultural property in all its forms, represents people's Assembly, which passed from generation to generation, where blend the features of national character and national characteristics distinct memory. Monuments constitute an episode of cultural and civilizational evolution, and confirms that the loss of any impact, represents a great loss for all of humanity. In these circumstances, it is not surprising to find that the war took a pose on the monuments and their value, as destroying monuments and cultural property and heritage of many countries, under the pretext of military necessity. If the media play a national and a national responsibility, especially in the countries and communities in which they locked in a comprehensive counter neo-colonialism and regional and international instruments, as is happening today in many of the Arab world countries, the media transformed by necessity into high-impact strength, and be one of the priorities of its duties is not pu...
International Journal of Engineering, 2018
International Journal of Innovation and Applied Studies, 2016
Asir region famous for the existence of a number of architectural heritages which include the Her... more Asir region famous for the existence of a number of architectural heritages which include the Heritage Houses, palaces and ancient castles that played a big role in immunization and the defense of the region landmarks. The Asir region, – by its identity heritage and respect of the archaeological treasures - an environment of urban heritage which features a comprehensive idea of traditional architecture, in every sense of the good solutions reflected the conditions of the local environment «climatic, geographic, social», as well as the content of design solutions in line with the the needs of the individual and the community in terms of customs and traditions. Architectural Heritage varies in Asir region between residential architecture and fortifications taken character of war in its entirety, where the lower walls built of large rocks topped by upper walls built of stone or clay, used logs to become bishop, consists of palaces and fortifications warships from several floors up to s...
International journal of innovation and scientific research, 2016
Khyber is located in the northeast of the Medina, at a distance of 170 kilometers, has been a str... more Khyber is located in the northeast of the Medina, at a distance of 170 kilometers, has been a stronghold of the Jews before and during the Islamic conquest. Muslims have been able to open Khyber forts including Na'em and Al-Sa'b and Abi Alnezar then Alqmous and Aloutih and Al-Salalim. Khyber forts erected on the Arab Planning for forts and castles, which were affected in the architecture forts and castles that have spread in Egypt, the Arabian Peninsula and the Levant, and the distinction of being held irregularly ribs on the rocky hills of high, clear idea disabilities through forts sloping (Tolos) on the way in Arabic, Which is to dusty slope which costs the attacking armies hardship ups and downs, so as not to easily reach the fort. The idea was to create a high-forts are difficult to climb vertical making them completely at the bottom and turned to the strengthening of curtain walls are so resistant to bombardment or digging tunnels underneath or earthquakes by increasin...
International Journal of Innovation and Applied Studies, 2016
Rosetta is one of the cities in Egypt Lake County, located in the west of the Nile at the mouth o... more Rosetta is one of the cities in Egypt Lake County, located in the west of the Nile at the mouth of the Rosetta branch of the Mediterranean, and represents one of the corners of the triangle occupied by Delta between Cairo and Damietta and Rosetta, and is one of the important Egyptian ports. Mamluk sultans were interested in the establishment of military fortifications and means of enemy control, where the Lighthouse of Al-Zahir Baybars was the most important of these fortifications, Sultan Qayet-Bey established a tower, the sources said that he visited Rosetta in 884 AH (1429 AD) for the detection of this tower. Before (1985), This castle landmarks were not clear, which is not conducive to the study of the architectural elements, Researcher was General Manager for the Rosetta effects, and Head of the Mission of the Islamic and Coptic monuments sector in the Egyptian Antiquities Authority, and supervised the excavation and restoration of the castle, and rehabilitation to be a tourist...
With the advent of the idea of preservation of archaeological and heritage buildings as well know... more With the advent of the idea of preservation of archaeological and heritage buildings as well known, architects adopted the principle of restoration in general as a mechanism for the maintenance and conservation of these buildings, however, with the development of concepts to keep gradually turning this concept of guaranteed protection of historic buildings to the concept of sustainable preservation to include the retention and preservation of Origin side by the process of field to the side, taking into account the values of perception its relationship to the urban fabric, characteristics of the society who is included, and the connections to it. The principles of sustainability appear in traditional housing in its compatibility with the environment with all its pluses and minuses according to a framework of protection and adjustment, There are several basic principles, which were based on the building of traditional housing, the principles of sustainability include: planning and dea...
International Journal for Innovation Education and Research
About a century ago, Armenian illuminated manuscripts attracted the attention of scholars and lov... more About a century ago, Armenian illuminated manuscripts attracted the attention of scholars and lovers of art. Since that time intensive studies of medieval Armenian art had been conducted a unique historical panorama of the art of illumination, embracing more than thirteen centuries has been given.The heritage of a number of miniature schools and their outstanding representatives has been studied; the significance of medieval Armenian painting in the history of world art has been revealed. Although, most of them illuminated, many have not yet been published. Among the best examples of medieval Armenian illumination are those of the following two manuscripts, where the researcher published (28 miniatures) from the Gospel of folios paper in Matenadaran of Mashtots, for the first time: 13th, dated (1297) and (1378), the miniatures were executed by Grigor Tatevatsi and his pupil in (1378), and15th, dated in the end of 14th century and beginning of 15th century, the scribe is Grigor Tatev...
International Journal for Innovation Education and Research
Minia maintains twenty-four archaeological mosques adopt several models follows: the local archi... more Minia maintains twenty-four archaeological mosques adopt several models follows: the local architectural planning between the courtyard and open riwaqs, and planning with naves without courtyard. There are four mosques take planning component of the courtyard and riwaqs ranging in date from the Fatimid age, and twenty mosques planning to take the naves and overdraft without a courtyard ranging in date from the Fatimid and Muhammad Ali ages includes one mosque with five naves, eleven mosques with four naves, five mosques of three naves and three Mosques of two naves. The objective of this study to highlight the evolution of the architectural planning of the mosques in Minia governorate, which was one of the most important provinces in Upper Egypt, in the architectural heritage, The variables of comparison where mosques have been established since the Arab conquest of Egypt has maintained were noted in the planning and architectural elements, while in the mosques of the renovation an...
International Journal of Innovation and Applied Studies, 2016
Ani ruins located near the border between Turkey and Armenia on the west bank of the River Akhury... more Ani ruins located near the border between Turkey and Armenia on the west bank of the River Akhuryan, the military position in the first place, and is - according to the topography of the region Alleha- built on an elevated area planning to take a triangle, its base in the south, It seems that the choice was deliberate according to the great defense of the city. The importance of Ani due to being a trading center on the Silk towards Anatolia, and control through a crossroads for trade caravans between Byzantium and Persia, Syria and Central Asia, as one of the Armenian cities that retains many of the buildings of the Islamic character in terms of architectural planning and architectural elements and artistic. Armenia has been affected by Islamic tradition since the income of the Muslims in the Umayyad era during the reign of Walid bin Abdul Malik, and it was the results of the stability of the Arab presence seen in the Abbasid prosperous architect, and she continued renovations and c...
International Journal of Engineering, Nov 28, 2018
Manuscript of Shooting by cannons, preserved in the National Library and Documentation House in C... more Manuscript of Shooting by cannons, preserved in the National Library and Documentation House in Cairo under the number (28) Equestrian Timor (Microfilm No. 270). The manuscript is due to the upper state in Morocco, and could be reached to date in (1795), featuring nine and sixty pages. We did not come up with the full terms of the author mentioned the remnants of the second page named "اٌغالؽ" "Al-Gallat" name, but the goal of this research is achieved full deployment of substance and achieve what it contained. The author was one of the sons of Banu'l-Ahmar [1] centered in the Valley East of Morocco, a wide spread to the Bou Regreg valley and Chochawa on the Atlantic Ocean. Teachers have been carried Banu'l-Ahmar tribe tasks teach shooting since the twelfth century and until the date of the manuscript, which was the reason for raising the army efficiency than England was forced to hand over Tanga in 1095 AH (1684 AD) and the elimination of Spanish domination in was left in the hands of the Spaniards until the year 1102 AH (1690 AD), but Ceuta and Melilla, and the author stated that he participated in the liberation wars of these two cities. Research follow the analytical method, where he addressed the manuscript and plan the investigation, and the seven chapters consisting of preferred shooting, recipe Cannon, recipe gunpowder, recipe Sheikh, who shooting knows, and how shooting education, and the rule of baiting a rifle bullet, and how to hunt monsters. Eat as tools and means of shooting bows and shooting types and methods of their use of Greek fire, gunpowder and development of various kinds as well as lead and other rifles.
International journal of research in social sciences, 2016
The objective of this study to highlight the evolution of the urban planning of the Coptic monast... more The objective of this study to highlight the evolution of the urban planning of the Coptic monasteries, and its architectural elements through the Islamic age. The Stages undergone urban planningfrom mid of fourth century to the Islamic conquest and from the Islamic conquest to nineteenth century. The analytical study contains urban planning and the architectural elements which witnessed several developments during the period from the 4th to 19th century, consists of the defense buildings, civilian buildings and churches. The research focused on the features of urban planning, and the treatments were reflected on some semblance of desert architecture.
The conflicts between the great powers after the withdrawal of the British campaign on Egypt (180... more The conflicts between the great powers after the withdrawal of the British campaign on Egypt (1806-1812), by addressing the Anglo-Ottoman War (1807-1809), which was part of the Napoleonic Wars. In the summer of 1806, during the War of the Third Alliance between Britain, Russia, Prussia and Sweden against the First French Empire, after Count Sebastiani, Napoleon I's ambassador to the Ottoman Empire, managed to persuade the Ottomans to cancel all the special privileges granted to Russia in 1805, and restrict the opening of the Turkish Straits (Dardanelles) on French warships. In return, Napoleon promised to help the Sultan quell the rebellion in Serbia and restore the territories lost by the Ottoman Empire. After the Russian army entered Moldova and Achaia in 1806, the Ottomans declared war on Russia. The research also deals with the Anglo-Russian War (1807-1812), which occurred during the Napoleonic Wars. As part of the terms of the Treaty of Tilsit, Russia was forced to close sea trade with Great Britain, as part of Napoleon's efforts to establish the Continental Blockade, and to strengthen economic relations between the various countries in Europe under French control, with the ultimate goal being to close one of Britain's most important foreign markets to economically strangle it. And make her submit. This prompted the Russian Empire to declare war on Great Britain in November 1807. As for the Russian-Ottoman War (1806-1812), it was one of the longest wars that took place between the Ottoman Empire and Tsarist Russia. The economic and military aspects, as the Ottoman Empire suffered as a result of that war from a deficit in the public treasury of the state. It also showed the extent to which the Janissaries went to extremes until they reached the limit of isolating and killing some of the sultans, and this is a clear indication
International Journal of Engineering, Nov 28, 2018
The problem of artistic creativity is one of the deeper problems, which are related to acts under... more The problem of artistic creativity is one of the deeper problems, which are related to acts underlying the artist, emerged about his artistic work, they also represent the most important art issues, as the creative innovation is about originality reflect the genius reveal his greatness, and artistic creation is an introduction to the study of artistic taste on the basis of sound, which is the study of the act or creative expression precondition of artistic taste, which is the focus of the relationship between the creator and the receiver. Studies on the problem of creativity have varied between; historical studies that tracks the views of successive artists, descriptive studies only as artistic creativity in their manifestations, taxonomic studies that focus on the classification of creative processes, and interpretative studies that are trying to reach the level of theory by Philosophical Method the theoretical or practical and demo approach. Research deals with an analytical study of the theories of artistic creation, which include: inspiration or genius, mental, social, and psychology, to confirm that creativity is nothing but a product of social reality and conditions, customs and heritage and traditions associated with inspiration and genius of social and psychological conditions.
International Journal of Engineering, Jan 28, 2019
The research aims to highlight aspects of Urbanization of Rosetta in the light of the social plur... more The research aims to highlight aspects of Urbanization of Rosetta in the light of the social pluralism and civil peace (century 16-18 AD), where he flourished create homes, mosques, churches and industrial facilities and social welfare facilities. Rosetta made prosperous in economic life, which include agriculture, industry and trade both internally and externally, European hotels were establishment, where it was the center for the establishment of European merchants since the century (16 AD), and increased in abundance in the century (18 AD). Venetians possessed a particular Khan (hotel), because of the breadth of their business, and the consul of Venice and traders reside in it, along with the French khan. The results of the facilities acquired by the European trade in Egypt, that some governments, such as Venice and France worked to have the people with the recipe consuls. Strangely enough, the Europeans would have preferred accommodation at parents boxes, unlike the consuls, who would have preferred to stay to be in their own boxes, and expect to be caused by the descent of the Europeans in parents Khans, to the large numbers even were not there Khans had not allow of their stay, so they were forced to accommodation beyond. The research deals with several axes as follows:-planning and Urbanization of Rosetta from: building conditions and the Planning of streets and roads-Impact of Economic and Social Life on Urbanization in Rosetta, from 16 th to 18 century.
International Journal of Innovation and Applied Studies, 2016
The Castle established in (1031) and occupied by the Crusaders (1099), and renewed by Mamluk Sult... more The Castle established in (1031) and occupied by the Crusaders (1099), and renewed by Mamluk Sultans Baybars (1171) and Kalawoon (1285). Castle retains many of the architectural elements dating to the Seljuks, the Crusaders and Mamluks. Seljuk buildings consisting of the eastern entrance of the inner fortress and the emergence of the church, which was a tower, the tower in the north-west along fences between them, the fence south of the entrance until the south east tower. Castle planning has consisted of two fences by six towers and composed the outer wall of the entrance, which consists of two square towers and the corridor between them, entrance leads to cruciform planning Dorqa'a on its sides two corridors around the inner fence, the interface extending on both sides of the entrance to the north and south where it ends in the north tower represents the emergence of the Church is currently in the south was offset by another tower in the position of the south tower current-eas...
International journal of innovation and scientific research, 2016
Heritage and cultural property in all its forms, represents people's Assembly, which passed f... more Heritage and cultural property in all its forms, represents people's Assembly, which passed from generation to generation, where blend the features of national character and national characteristics distinct memory. Monuments constitute an episode of cultural and civilizational evolution, and confirms that the loss of any impact, represents a great loss for all of humanity. In these circumstances, it is not surprising to find that the war took a pose on the monuments and their value, as destroying monuments and cultural property and heritage of many countries, under the pretext of military necessity. If the media play a national and a national responsibility, especially in the countries and communities in which they locked in a comprehensive counter neo-colonialism and regional and international instruments, as is happening today in many of the Arab world countries, the media transformed by necessity into high-impact strength, and be one of the priorities of its duties is not pu...
International Journal of Engineering, 2018
International Journal of Innovation and Applied Studies, 2016
Asir region famous for the existence of a number of architectural heritages which include the Her... more Asir region famous for the existence of a number of architectural heritages which include the Heritage Houses, palaces and ancient castles that played a big role in immunization and the defense of the region landmarks. The Asir region, – by its identity heritage and respect of the archaeological treasures - an environment of urban heritage which features a comprehensive idea of traditional architecture, in every sense of the good solutions reflected the conditions of the local environment «climatic, geographic, social», as well as the content of design solutions in line with the the needs of the individual and the community in terms of customs and traditions. Architectural Heritage varies in Asir region between residential architecture and fortifications taken character of war in its entirety, where the lower walls built of large rocks topped by upper walls built of stone or clay, used logs to become bishop, consists of palaces and fortifications warships from several floors up to s...
International journal of innovation and scientific research, 2016
Khyber is located in the northeast of the Medina, at a distance of 170 kilometers, has been a str... more Khyber is located in the northeast of the Medina, at a distance of 170 kilometers, has been a stronghold of the Jews before and during the Islamic conquest. Muslims have been able to open Khyber forts including Na'em and Al-Sa'b and Abi Alnezar then Alqmous and Aloutih and Al-Salalim. Khyber forts erected on the Arab Planning for forts and castles, which were affected in the architecture forts and castles that have spread in Egypt, the Arabian Peninsula and the Levant, and the distinction of being held irregularly ribs on the rocky hills of high, clear idea disabilities through forts sloping (Tolos) on the way in Arabic, Which is to dusty slope which costs the attacking armies hardship ups and downs, so as not to easily reach the fort. The idea was to create a high-forts are difficult to climb vertical making them completely at the bottom and turned to the strengthening of curtain walls are so resistant to bombardment or digging tunnels underneath or earthquakes by increasin...
International Journal of Innovation and Applied Studies, 2016
Rosetta is one of the cities in Egypt Lake County, located in the west of the Nile at the mouth o... more Rosetta is one of the cities in Egypt Lake County, located in the west of the Nile at the mouth of the Rosetta branch of the Mediterranean, and represents one of the corners of the triangle occupied by Delta between Cairo and Damietta and Rosetta, and is one of the important Egyptian ports. Mamluk sultans were interested in the establishment of military fortifications and means of enemy control, where the Lighthouse of Al-Zahir Baybars was the most important of these fortifications, Sultan Qayet-Bey established a tower, the sources said that he visited Rosetta in 884 AH (1429 AD) for the detection of this tower. Before (1985), This castle landmarks were not clear, which is not conducive to the study of the architectural elements, Researcher was General Manager for the Rosetta effects, and Head of the Mission of the Islamic and Coptic monuments sector in the Egyptian Antiquities Authority, and supervised the excavation and restoration of the castle, and rehabilitation to be a tourist...
With the advent of the idea of preservation of archaeological and heritage buildings as well know... more With the advent of the idea of preservation of archaeological and heritage buildings as well known, architects adopted the principle of restoration in general as a mechanism for the maintenance and conservation of these buildings, however, with the development of concepts to keep gradually turning this concept of guaranteed protection of historic buildings to the concept of sustainable preservation to include the retention and preservation of Origin side by the process of field to the side, taking into account the values of perception its relationship to the urban fabric, characteristics of the society who is included, and the connections to it. The principles of sustainability appear in traditional housing in its compatibility with the environment with all its pluses and minuses according to a framework of protection and adjustment, There are several basic principles, which were based on the building of traditional housing, the principles of sustainability include: planning and dea...
International Journal for Innovation Education and Research
About a century ago, Armenian illuminated manuscripts attracted the attention of scholars and lov... more About a century ago, Armenian illuminated manuscripts attracted the attention of scholars and lovers of art. Since that time intensive studies of medieval Armenian art had been conducted a unique historical panorama of the art of illumination, embracing more than thirteen centuries has been given.The heritage of a number of miniature schools and their outstanding representatives has been studied; the significance of medieval Armenian painting in the history of world art has been revealed. Although, most of them illuminated, many have not yet been published. Among the best examples of medieval Armenian illumination are those of the following two manuscripts, where the researcher published (28 miniatures) from the Gospel of folios paper in Matenadaran of Mashtots, for the first time: 13th, dated (1297) and (1378), the miniatures were executed by Grigor Tatevatsi and his pupil in (1378), and15th, dated in the end of 14th century and beginning of 15th century, the scribe is Grigor Tatev...
International Journal for Innovation Education and Research
Minia maintains twenty-four archaeological mosques adopt several models follows: the local archi... more Minia maintains twenty-four archaeological mosques adopt several models follows: the local architectural planning between the courtyard and open riwaqs, and planning with naves without courtyard. There are four mosques take planning component of the courtyard and riwaqs ranging in date from the Fatimid age, and twenty mosques planning to take the naves and overdraft without a courtyard ranging in date from the Fatimid and Muhammad Ali ages includes one mosque with five naves, eleven mosques with four naves, five mosques of three naves and three Mosques of two naves. The objective of this study to highlight the evolution of the architectural planning of the mosques in Minia governorate, which was one of the most important provinces in Upper Egypt, in the architectural heritage, The variables of comparison where mosques have been established since the Arab conquest of Egypt has maintained were noted in the planning and architectural elements, while in the mosques of the renovation an...
International Journal of Innovation and Applied Studies, 2016
Ani ruins located near the border between Turkey and Armenia on the west bank of the River Akhury... more Ani ruins located near the border between Turkey and Armenia on the west bank of the River Akhuryan, the military position in the first place, and is - according to the topography of the region Alleha- built on an elevated area planning to take a triangle, its base in the south, It seems that the choice was deliberate according to the great defense of the city. The importance of Ani due to being a trading center on the Silk towards Anatolia, and control through a crossroads for trade caravans between Byzantium and Persia, Syria and Central Asia, as one of the Armenian cities that retains many of the buildings of the Islamic character in terms of architectural planning and architectural elements and artistic. Armenia has been affected by Islamic tradition since the income of the Muslims in the Umayyad era during the reign of Walid bin Abdul Malik, and it was the results of the stability of the Arab presence seen in the Abbasid prosperous architect, and she continued renovations and c...