Carlos Machado | MINISTERIO DE SALUD (original) (raw)

Papers by Carlos Machado

Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979), Jan 20, 2018

The aim of this study is to compare spironolactone versus clonidine as the fourth drug in patient... more The aim of this study is to compare spironolactone versus clonidine as the fourth drug in patients with resistant hypertension in a multicenter, randomized trial. Medical therapy adherence was checked by pill counting. Patients with resistant hypertension (no office and ambulatory blood pressure [BP] monitoring control, despite treatment with 3 drugs, including a diuretic, for 12 weeks) were randomized to an additional 12-week treatment with spironolactone (12.5-50 mg QD) or clonidine (0.1-0.3 mg BID). The primary end point was BP control during office (<140/90 mm Hg) and 24-h ambulatory (<130/80 mm Hg) BP monitoring. Secondary end points included BP control from each method and absolute BP reduction. From 1597 patients recruited, 11.7% (187 patients) fulfilled the resistant hypertension criteria. Compared with the spironolactone group (n=95), the clonidine group (n=92) presented similar rates of achieving the primary end point (20.5% versus 20.8%, respectively; relative risk,...

European Journal of Heart Failure Supplements, 2006

In this sample of middle-aged and elderly subjects with preserved LV systolic function from the g... more In this sample of middle-aged and elderly subjects with preserved LV systolic function from the general population, LV filling parameters indicating impaired relaxation were associated with 2-21fold increased aJl-cause mortality.

Metatranscriptome Analysis of Fig Flowers Provides Insights into Potential Mechanisms for Mutualism Stability and Gall Induction

PLOS ONE, 2015

A striking property of the mutualism between figs and their pollinating wasps is that wasps consi... more A striking property of the mutualism between figs and their pollinating wasps is that wasps consistently oviposit in the inner flowers of the fig syconium, which develop into galls that house developing larvae. Wasps typically do not use the outer ring of flowers, which develop into seeds. To better understand differences between gall and seed flowers, we used a metatranscriptomic approach to analyze eukaryotic gene expression within fig flowers at the time of oviposition choice and early gall development. Consistent with the unbeatable seed hypothesis, we found significant differences in gene expression between gall- and seed flowers in receptive syconia prior to oviposition. In particular, transcripts assigned to flavonoids and carbohydrate metabolism were significantly up-regulated in gall flowers relative to seed flowers. In response to oviposition, gall flowers significantly up-regulated the expression of chalcone synthase, which previously has been connected to gall formation in other plants. We propose several genes encoding proteins with signal peptides or associations with venom of other Hymenoptera as candidate genes for gall initiation or growth. This study simultaneously evaluates the gene expression profile of both mutualistic partners in a plant-insect mutualism and provides insight into a possible stability mechanism in the ancient fig-fig wasp association.

Distinct Phenotypes Caused by Mutation of MSH2 in Trypanosome Insect and Mammalian Life Cycle Forms Are Associated with Parasite Adaptation to Oxidative Stress

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 2015

DNA repair mechanisms are crucial for maintenance of the genome in all organisms, including paras... more DNA repair mechanisms are crucial for maintenance of the genome in all organisms, including parasites where successful infection is dependent both on genomic stability and sequence variation. MSH2 is an early acting, central component of the Mismatch Repair (MMR) pathway, which is responsible for the recognition and correction of base mismatches that occur during DNA replication and recombination. In addition, recent evidence suggests that MSH2 might also play an important, but poorly understood, role in responding to oxidative damage in both African and American trypanosomes. To investigate the involvement of MMR in the oxidative stress response, null mutants of MSH2 were generated in Trypanosoma brucei procyclic forms and in Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigote forms. Unexpectedly, the MSH2 null mutants showed increased resistance to H2O2 exposure when compared with wild type cells, a phenotype distinct from the previously observed increased sensitivity of T. brucei bloodstream forms MSH2 mutants. Complementation studies indicated that the increased oxidative resistance of procyclic T. brucei was due to adaptation to MSH2 loss. In both parasites, loss of MSH2 was shown to result in increased tolerance to alkylation by MNNG and increased accumulation of 8-oxo-guanine in the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes, indicating impaired MMR. In T. cruzi, loss of MSH2 also increases the parasite capacity to survive within host macrophages. Taken together, these results indicate MSH2 displays conserved, dual roles in MMR and in the response to oxidative stress. Loss of the latter function results in life cycle dependent differences in phenotypic outcomes in T. brucei MSH2 mutants, most likely because of the greater burden of oxidative stress in the insect stage of the parasite.

Em áreas urbanas, as modificações dos processos ambientais produzem novas formas geomorfológicas ... more Em áreas urbanas, as modificações dos processos ambientais produzem novas formas geomorfológicas e pedológicas compostas de material descartado das atividades industriais, comerciais e domésticas. depósitos conhecidos como Tecnógenos acabam por provocar sérios problemas sociais, econômicos e ambientais dificultando o planejamento e uso do solo urbano. O foco central deste estudo reside no entendimento da gênese e dinâmica dos diferentes Depósitos Tecnogênicos Fluviais (DTF) na área urbana da cidade de Araguaína, localizada no norte do estado de Tocantins, situados em ambientes tropicais como o da região Amazônica. A metodologia empregada centraliza-se na caracterização ambiental, identificação por imagens de satélite, análise morfológica dos materiais dos DTFs e na dinâmica destes corpos nos canais fluviais. Os resultados apontam para o aumento do número e da área dos Depósitos Fluviais, na grande variedade de composição dos materiais e na necessidade de emprego de técnicas de recuperação diferenciadas a serem inseridas em um planejamento ambiental. Palavras-chave: Depósitos Tecnogênicos, Canais Fluviais, Planejamento.

A ação humana em nosso planeta nos últimos 10.000 anos através do desenvolvimento de ferramentas ... more A ação humana em nosso planeta nos últimos 10.000 anos através do desenvolvimento de ferramentas e aparato tecnológico crescente resultou em grandes modificações na superfície terrestre de forma direta e indireta. A possibilidade de alterar o ambiente com a retirada, transformação e deposição de enormes quantidades de resíduos acrescenta a superfície terrestre elementos orgânicos e inorgânicos na camada pedológica, além de alterar e criar novas formas de relevo, principalmente dentro do contexto urbano.

The development of economic activities and the process of occupying new areas in the human societ... more The development of economic activities and the process of occupying new areas in the human society will inevitably lead to changes in urban areas. Changes caused by environmental processes will produce new reliefs and soils composed of discarded material from industrial, commercial and domestic activities. Such deposits known as Technogenic will eventually cause serious social, economic and environmental problems and raise difficulties in urban planning and land use. The main goal of this present work in the urban area of Araguaina located in the north of Tocantins state (Brazil) is to improve the study methodology of these artificial bodies and also suggest actions to mitigate the impacts and facilitate the environmental planning activities. The first results indicate the great difficulty in the identification of satellite images, changes in the behavior of different materials in different environments, instability in the structures of the deposits at times of high rainfall and imp...

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 2015

Benznidazole (BZ) is one of the two drugs used for Chagas disease treatment. Nevertheless therape... more Benznidazole (BZ) is one of the two drugs used for Chagas disease treatment. Nevertheless therapeutic failures of BZ have been reported, which were mostly attributed to variable drug susceptibility among Trypanosoma cruzi strains. ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are involved in a variety of translocation processes and some members have been implicated in drug resistance. Here we report the characterisation of the first T. cruzi ABCG transporter gene, named TcABCG1, which is over-expressed in parasite strains naturally resistant to BZ. Comparison of TcABCG1 gene sequence of two TcI BZ-resistant strains with CL Brener BZ-susceptible strain showed several single nucleotide polymorphisms, which determined 11 amino acid changes. CL Brener transfected with TcI transporter genes showed 40-47% increased resistance to BZ, whereas no statistical significant increment in drug resistance was observed when CL Brener was transfected with the homologous gene. Only in the parasites transfected with TcI genes there was 2-2.6-fold increased abundance of TcABCG1 transporter protein. The analysis in wild type strains also suggests that the level of TcABCG1 transporter is related to BZ natural resistance. The characteristics of untranslated regions of TcABCG1 genes of BZ-susceptible and resistant strains were investigated by computational tools.

Maintenance of breast cell lines with malignant phenotype and progenitor cells properties

European Journal of Cancer Supplements, 2008

Genetics and molecular research: GMR

Although different DNA polymerases have distinct functions and substrate affinities, their genera... more Although different DNA polymerases have distinct functions and substrate affinities, their general mechanism of action is similar. Thus, they can all be studied using the same technical principle, the primer extension assay employing radioactive tags. Even though fluorescence has been used routinely for many years for DNA sequencing, it has not been used in the in vitro primer extension assay. The use of fluorescence labels has obvious advantages over radioactivity, including safety, speed and ease of manipulation. In the present study, we demonstrated the potential of non-radioactive in vitro primer extension for DNA polymerase studies. By using an M13 tag in the substrate, we can use the same fluorescent M13 primer to study different substrate sequences. This technique allows quantification of the DNA polymerase activity of the Klenow fragment using different templates and under different conditions with similar sensitivity to the radioactive assay.

Surgical Endoscopy, 1995

Nineteen patients underwent laparoscopic reoperations for failed or complicated antireflux operat... more Nineteen patients underwent laparoscopic reoperations for failed or complicated antireflux operations from a total of 248 patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease who had been operated on by this approach. Sixteen had been submitted to open surgery and three to laparoscopic surgery over a period ranging from 5 days to 31 years before the study.

Molecular biology and evolution, 2002

The divergence of Drosophila pseudoobscura from its close relatives, D. persimilis and D. pseudoo... more The divergence of Drosophila pseudoobscura from its close relatives, D. persimilis and D. pseudoobscura bogotana, was examined using the pattern of DNA sequence variation in a common set of 50 inbred lines at 11 loci from diverse locations in the genome. Drosophila pseudoobscura and D. persimilis show a marked excess of low-frequency variation across loci, consistent with a model of recent population expansion in both species. The different loci vary considerably, both in polymorphism levels and in the levels of polymorphisms that are shared by different species pairs. A major question we address is whether these patterns of shared variation are best explained by gene flow or by persistence since common ancestry. A new test of gene flow, based on patterns of linkage disequilibrium, is developed. The results from these, and other tests, support a model in which D. pseudoobscura and D. persimilis have exchanged genes at some loci. However, the pattern of variation suggests that most g...

DNA metabolism and genetic diversity in Trypanosomes

Mutation research, 2006

Trypanosomes are protozoan parasites that cause major diseases in humans and other animals. Trypa... more Trypanosomes are protozoan parasites that cause major diseases in humans and other animals. Trypanosoma brucei and Trypanosoma cruzi are the etiologic agents of African and American Trypanosomiasis, respectively. In spite of large amounts of information regarding various aspects of their biology, including the essentially complete sequences of their genomes, studies directed towards an understanding of mechanisms related to DNA metabolism have been very limited. Recent reports, however, describing genes involved with DNA recombination and repair in T. brucei and T. cruzi, indicated the importance of these processes in the generation of genetic variability, which is crucial to the success of these parasites. Here, we review these data and discuss how the DNA repair and recombination machineries may contribute to strikingly different strategies evolved by the two Trypanosomes to create genetic variability that is needed for survival in their hosts. In T. brucei, two genetic components...

Understanding the resilient modulus (MR) of the sub-grade soils and materials composing the layer... more Understanding the resilient modulus (MR) of the sub-grade soils and materials composing the layers of road pavements is crucial for an efficient analysis of their structural behavior as a whole. Due to the importance of the granular materials as layers of flexible road pavements, it has been a practice to determine their resilient response and that of their chemically stabilized

RESUMO ñ Este trabalho foi realizado com tratores florestais utilizados em um sistema mecanizado ... more RESUMO ñ Este trabalho foi realizado com tratores florestais utilizados em um sistema mecanizado de colheita de madeira em povoamento de eucalipto, tendo como objetivo avaliar quantiqualitativamente as dimensies de acesso, assento, comandos, campo visual, condiÁies tØrmicas e vibraÁªo no posto dos operadores. O acesso ao posto do operador no trator ìFeller-buncherî apresentou um grau de dificuldade, sendo classificado, na

Revista Arvore, 2005

RESUMO -Este trabalho foi realizado com tratores florestais utilizados em um sistema mecanizado d... more RESUMO -Este trabalho foi realizado com tratores florestais utilizados em um sistema mecanizado de colheita de madeira em povoamento de eucalipto, tendo como objetivo avaliar quantiqualitativamente as dimensões de acesso, assento, comandos, campo visual, condições térmicas e vibração no posto dos operadores. O acesso ao posto do operador no trator "Feller-buncher" apresentou um grau de dificuldade, sendo classificado, na avaliação qualitativa, como médio e, no "Skidder", como bom. A abertura das portas de acesso apresenta ângulo menor que 90º, dificultando, assim, a entrada e saída do operador. O posto do operador do trator "Fellerbuncher" foi classificado como médio na avaliação qualitativa, em virtude de o espaço livre da plataforma de apoio ser de 30% da área total e, no "Skidder", de 55% da área total, sendo classificado como bom. O campo visual frontal do "Feller-buncher", mesmo tendo uma área do pára-brisa maior, é limitado pela presença do cabeçote, tanto em operações diurnas quanto noturnas, sendo, portanto, inferior ao do "Skidder".

Archives of Internal Medicine, 2009

Transplantation Proceedings, 2008

Hand-assisted laparoscopic surgery is assumed to be easier to learn than the standard approach an... more Hand-assisted laparoscopic surgery is assumed to be easier to learn than the standard approach and simplifies intact kidney removal. Herein we have presented our experience performing hand-assisted laparoscopic donor nephrectomy (HALDN) compared with contemporary pure laparoscopic donor nephrectomy (LDN). We retrospectively analyzed 55 patients who underwent LDN. Among the procedures, 21 were HALDN and 34 were pure LDN. We compared

Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979), Jan 20, 2018

The aim of this study is to compare spironolactone versus clonidine as the fourth drug in patient... more The aim of this study is to compare spironolactone versus clonidine as the fourth drug in patients with resistant hypertension in a multicenter, randomized trial. Medical therapy adherence was checked by pill counting. Patients with resistant hypertension (no office and ambulatory blood pressure [BP] monitoring control, despite treatment with 3 drugs, including a diuretic, for 12 weeks) were randomized to an additional 12-week treatment with spironolactone (12.5-50 mg QD) or clonidine (0.1-0.3 mg BID). The primary end point was BP control during office (<140/90 mm Hg) and 24-h ambulatory (<130/80 mm Hg) BP monitoring. Secondary end points included BP control from each method and absolute BP reduction. From 1597 patients recruited, 11.7% (187 patients) fulfilled the resistant hypertension criteria. Compared with the spironolactone group (n=95), the clonidine group (n=92) presented similar rates of achieving the primary end point (20.5% versus 20.8%, respectively; relative risk,...

European Journal of Heart Failure Supplements, 2006

In this sample of middle-aged and elderly subjects with preserved LV systolic function from the g... more In this sample of middle-aged and elderly subjects with preserved LV systolic function from the general population, LV filling parameters indicating impaired relaxation were associated with 2-21fold increased aJl-cause mortality.

Metatranscriptome Analysis of Fig Flowers Provides Insights into Potential Mechanisms for Mutualism Stability and Gall Induction

PLOS ONE, 2015

A striking property of the mutualism between figs and their pollinating wasps is that wasps consi... more A striking property of the mutualism between figs and their pollinating wasps is that wasps consistently oviposit in the inner flowers of the fig syconium, which develop into galls that house developing larvae. Wasps typically do not use the outer ring of flowers, which develop into seeds. To better understand differences between gall and seed flowers, we used a metatranscriptomic approach to analyze eukaryotic gene expression within fig flowers at the time of oviposition choice and early gall development. Consistent with the unbeatable seed hypothesis, we found significant differences in gene expression between gall- and seed flowers in receptive syconia prior to oviposition. In particular, transcripts assigned to flavonoids and carbohydrate metabolism were significantly up-regulated in gall flowers relative to seed flowers. In response to oviposition, gall flowers significantly up-regulated the expression of chalcone synthase, which previously has been connected to gall formation in other plants. We propose several genes encoding proteins with signal peptides or associations with venom of other Hymenoptera as candidate genes for gall initiation or growth. This study simultaneously evaluates the gene expression profile of both mutualistic partners in a plant-insect mutualism and provides insight into a possible stability mechanism in the ancient fig-fig wasp association.

Distinct Phenotypes Caused by Mutation of MSH2 in Trypanosome Insect and Mammalian Life Cycle Forms Are Associated with Parasite Adaptation to Oxidative Stress

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 2015

DNA repair mechanisms are crucial for maintenance of the genome in all organisms, including paras... more DNA repair mechanisms are crucial for maintenance of the genome in all organisms, including parasites where successful infection is dependent both on genomic stability and sequence variation. MSH2 is an early acting, central component of the Mismatch Repair (MMR) pathway, which is responsible for the recognition and correction of base mismatches that occur during DNA replication and recombination. In addition, recent evidence suggests that MSH2 might also play an important, but poorly understood, role in responding to oxidative damage in both African and American trypanosomes. To investigate the involvement of MMR in the oxidative stress response, null mutants of MSH2 were generated in Trypanosoma brucei procyclic forms and in Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigote forms. Unexpectedly, the MSH2 null mutants showed increased resistance to H2O2 exposure when compared with wild type cells, a phenotype distinct from the previously observed increased sensitivity of T. brucei bloodstream forms MSH2 mutants. Complementation studies indicated that the increased oxidative resistance of procyclic T. brucei was due to adaptation to MSH2 loss. In both parasites, loss of MSH2 was shown to result in increased tolerance to alkylation by MNNG and increased accumulation of 8-oxo-guanine in the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes, indicating impaired MMR. In T. cruzi, loss of MSH2 also increases the parasite capacity to survive within host macrophages. Taken together, these results indicate MSH2 displays conserved, dual roles in MMR and in the response to oxidative stress. Loss of the latter function results in life cycle dependent differences in phenotypic outcomes in T. brucei MSH2 mutants, most likely because of the greater burden of oxidative stress in the insect stage of the parasite.

Em áreas urbanas, as modificações dos processos ambientais produzem novas formas geomorfológicas ... more Em áreas urbanas, as modificações dos processos ambientais produzem novas formas geomorfológicas e pedológicas compostas de material descartado das atividades industriais, comerciais e domésticas. depósitos conhecidos como Tecnógenos acabam por provocar sérios problemas sociais, econômicos e ambientais dificultando o planejamento e uso do solo urbano. O foco central deste estudo reside no entendimento da gênese e dinâmica dos diferentes Depósitos Tecnogênicos Fluviais (DTF) na área urbana da cidade de Araguaína, localizada no norte do estado de Tocantins, situados em ambientes tropicais como o da região Amazônica. A metodologia empregada centraliza-se na caracterização ambiental, identificação por imagens de satélite, análise morfológica dos materiais dos DTFs e na dinâmica destes corpos nos canais fluviais. Os resultados apontam para o aumento do número e da área dos Depósitos Fluviais, na grande variedade de composição dos materiais e na necessidade de emprego de técnicas de recuperação diferenciadas a serem inseridas em um planejamento ambiental. Palavras-chave: Depósitos Tecnogênicos, Canais Fluviais, Planejamento.

A ação humana em nosso planeta nos últimos 10.000 anos através do desenvolvimento de ferramentas ... more A ação humana em nosso planeta nos últimos 10.000 anos através do desenvolvimento de ferramentas e aparato tecnológico crescente resultou em grandes modificações na superfície terrestre de forma direta e indireta. A possibilidade de alterar o ambiente com a retirada, transformação e deposição de enormes quantidades de resíduos acrescenta a superfície terrestre elementos orgânicos e inorgânicos na camada pedológica, além de alterar e criar novas formas de relevo, principalmente dentro do contexto urbano.

The development of economic activities and the process of occupying new areas in the human societ... more The development of economic activities and the process of occupying new areas in the human society will inevitably lead to changes in urban areas. Changes caused by environmental processes will produce new reliefs and soils composed of discarded material from industrial, commercial and domestic activities. Such deposits known as Technogenic will eventually cause serious social, economic and environmental problems and raise difficulties in urban planning and land use. The main goal of this present work in the urban area of Araguaina located in the north of Tocantins state (Brazil) is to improve the study methodology of these artificial bodies and also suggest actions to mitigate the impacts and facilitate the environmental planning activities. The first results indicate the great difficulty in the identification of satellite images, changes in the behavior of different materials in different environments, instability in the structures of the deposits at times of high rainfall and imp...

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 2015

Benznidazole (BZ) is one of the two drugs used for Chagas disease treatment. Nevertheless therape... more Benznidazole (BZ) is one of the two drugs used for Chagas disease treatment. Nevertheless therapeutic failures of BZ have been reported, which were mostly attributed to variable drug susceptibility among Trypanosoma cruzi strains. ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are involved in a variety of translocation processes and some members have been implicated in drug resistance. Here we report the characterisation of the first T. cruzi ABCG transporter gene, named TcABCG1, which is over-expressed in parasite strains naturally resistant to BZ. Comparison of TcABCG1 gene sequence of two TcI BZ-resistant strains with CL Brener BZ-susceptible strain showed several single nucleotide polymorphisms, which determined 11 amino acid changes. CL Brener transfected with TcI transporter genes showed 40-47% increased resistance to BZ, whereas no statistical significant increment in drug resistance was observed when CL Brener was transfected with the homologous gene. Only in the parasites transfected with TcI genes there was 2-2.6-fold increased abundance of TcABCG1 transporter protein. The analysis in wild type strains also suggests that the level of TcABCG1 transporter is related to BZ natural resistance. The characteristics of untranslated regions of TcABCG1 genes of BZ-susceptible and resistant strains were investigated by computational tools.

Maintenance of breast cell lines with malignant phenotype and progenitor cells properties

European Journal of Cancer Supplements, 2008

Genetics and molecular research: GMR

Although different DNA polymerases have distinct functions and substrate affinities, their genera... more Although different DNA polymerases have distinct functions and substrate affinities, their general mechanism of action is similar. Thus, they can all be studied using the same technical principle, the primer extension assay employing radioactive tags. Even though fluorescence has been used routinely for many years for DNA sequencing, it has not been used in the in vitro primer extension assay. The use of fluorescence labels has obvious advantages over radioactivity, including safety, speed and ease of manipulation. In the present study, we demonstrated the potential of non-radioactive in vitro primer extension for DNA polymerase studies. By using an M13 tag in the substrate, we can use the same fluorescent M13 primer to study different substrate sequences. This technique allows quantification of the DNA polymerase activity of the Klenow fragment using different templates and under different conditions with similar sensitivity to the radioactive assay.

Surgical Endoscopy, 1995

Nineteen patients underwent laparoscopic reoperations for failed or complicated antireflux operat... more Nineteen patients underwent laparoscopic reoperations for failed or complicated antireflux operations from a total of 248 patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease who had been operated on by this approach. Sixteen had been submitted to open surgery and three to laparoscopic surgery over a period ranging from 5 days to 31 years before the study.

Molecular biology and evolution, 2002

The divergence of Drosophila pseudoobscura from its close relatives, D. persimilis and D. pseudoo... more The divergence of Drosophila pseudoobscura from its close relatives, D. persimilis and D. pseudoobscura bogotana, was examined using the pattern of DNA sequence variation in a common set of 50 inbred lines at 11 loci from diverse locations in the genome. Drosophila pseudoobscura and D. persimilis show a marked excess of low-frequency variation across loci, consistent with a model of recent population expansion in both species. The different loci vary considerably, both in polymorphism levels and in the levels of polymorphisms that are shared by different species pairs. A major question we address is whether these patterns of shared variation are best explained by gene flow or by persistence since common ancestry. A new test of gene flow, based on patterns of linkage disequilibrium, is developed. The results from these, and other tests, support a model in which D. pseudoobscura and D. persimilis have exchanged genes at some loci. However, the pattern of variation suggests that most g...

DNA metabolism and genetic diversity in Trypanosomes

Mutation research, 2006

Trypanosomes are protozoan parasites that cause major diseases in humans and other animals. Trypa... more Trypanosomes are protozoan parasites that cause major diseases in humans and other animals. Trypanosoma brucei and Trypanosoma cruzi are the etiologic agents of African and American Trypanosomiasis, respectively. In spite of large amounts of information regarding various aspects of their biology, including the essentially complete sequences of their genomes, studies directed towards an understanding of mechanisms related to DNA metabolism have been very limited. Recent reports, however, describing genes involved with DNA recombination and repair in T. brucei and T. cruzi, indicated the importance of these processes in the generation of genetic variability, which is crucial to the success of these parasites. Here, we review these data and discuss how the DNA repair and recombination machineries may contribute to strikingly different strategies evolved by the two Trypanosomes to create genetic variability that is needed for survival in their hosts. In T. brucei, two genetic components...

Understanding the resilient modulus (MR) of the sub-grade soils and materials composing the layer... more Understanding the resilient modulus (MR) of the sub-grade soils and materials composing the layers of road pavements is crucial for an efficient analysis of their structural behavior as a whole. Due to the importance of the granular materials as layers of flexible road pavements, it has been a practice to determine their resilient response and that of their chemically stabilized

RESUMO ñ Este trabalho foi realizado com tratores florestais utilizados em um sistema mecanizado ... more RESUMO ñ Este trabalho foi realizado com tratores florestais utilizados em um sistema mecanizado de colheita de madeira em povoamento de eucalipto, tendo como objetivo avaliar quantiqualitativamente as dimensies de acesso, assento, comandos, campo visual, condiÁies tØrmicas e vibraÁªo no posto dos operadores. O acesso ao posto do operador no trator ìFeller-buncherî apresentou um grau de dificuldade, sendo classificado, na

Revista Arvore, 2005

RESUMO -Este trabalho foi realizado com tratores florestais utilizados em um sistema mecanizado d... more RESUMO -Este trabalho foi realizado com tratores florestais utilizados em um sistema mecanizado de colheita de madeira em povoamento de eucalipto, tendo como objetivo avaliar quantiqualitativamente as dimensões de acesso, assento, comandos, campo visual, condições térmicas e vibração no posto dos operadores. O acesso ao posto do operador no trator "Feller-buncher" apresentou um grau de dificuldade, sendo classificado, na avaliação qualitativa, como médio e, no "Skidder", como bom. A abertura das portas de acesso apresenta ângulo menor que 90º, dificultando, assim, a entrada e saída do operador. O posto do operador do trator "Fellerbuncher" foi classificado como médio na avaliação qualitativa, em virtude de o espaço livre da plataforma de apoio ser de 30% da área total e, no "Skidder", de 55% da área total, sendo classificado como bom. O campo visual frontal do "Feller-buncher", mesmo tendo uma área do pára-brisa maior, é limitado pela presença do cabeçote, tanto em operações diurnas quanto noturnas, sendo, portanto, inferior ao do "Skidder".

Archives of Internal Medicine, 2009

Transplantation Proceedings, 2008

Hand-assisted laparoscopic surgery is assumed to be easier to learn than the standard approach an... more Hand-assisted laparoscopic surgery is assumed to be easier to learn than the standard approach and simplifies intact kidney removal. Herein we have presented our experience performing hand-assisted laparoscopic donor nephrectomy (HALDN) compared with contemporary pure laparoscopic donor nephrectomy (LDN). We retrospectively analyzed 55 patients who underwent LDN. Among the procedures, 21 were HALDN and 34 were pure LDN. We compared