Moshe Naveh-Benjamin - Profile on Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Moshe Naveh-Benjamin
ACR North American Advances, 2013
We show across two studies in a branding context that different types of schematic support allevi... more We show across two studies in a branding context that different types of schematic support alleviate episodic memory deficits in elderly consumers differently. While meaningfulness of brand elements attenuates item (vs. associative) memory deficits in older (vs. younger) consumers, relatedness between brand elements mitigates differences in associative (vs. item) memory.
Age-related differences in explicit associative memory: Contributions of effortful-strategic and automatic processes
Psychologia Rozwojowa, 2013
Online experimentation and sampling in cognitive aging research
Psychology and Aging, Feb 1, 2022
Online data collection methods have become increasingly popular in many domains of psychology, bu... more Online data collection methods have become increasingly popular in many domains of psychology, but their use in cognitive aging studies remains relatively limited. Is it time for cognitive aging researchers to embrace these methods? Here, we weigh potential advantages and disadvantages of conducting online studies with young and older adults, relative to lab-based studies, with a particular focus on the study of human memory and aging. With online studies, it may be possible to assess whether age-related effects on cognition obtained in the laboratory generalize to other situations with different environmental or subject characteristics. However, there are many open questions about the representativeness of older adults on online data collection platforms, and issues surrounding data quality, selection effects, and other biasing characteristics, which must be carefully handled in cognitive aging studies which recruit young and older adult participants online. We consider the benefit of conducting experimentation both in the lab and online in providing converging evidence on a research question, and we offer an example of an experiment on adult age differences in associative recognition that was conducted in the laboratory and online. We also provide practical recommendations for ways to maximize the potential for online studies to contribute to our understanding of cognitive aging. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
Differential attentional costs of encoding specific and gist episodic memory representations
Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, Jul 20, 2023
Forgetting of specific and gist visual associative episodic memory representations across time
Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, Mar 6, 2023
Is Older Adults' Associative Memory Deficit Mediated by Age- Related Sensory Decline?
PsycEXTRA Dataset, 2007
Dual-Task Studies: Interaction of Motor Activity and Memory for Movement
PsycEXTRA Dataset, 2007
Effects of divided attention on encoding and retrieval processes: Assessment of attentional costs and a componential analysis
Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition, 2000
... We are grateful to Yamit Azizi for her help in running and analyzing the data for Experi-ment... more ... We are grateful to Yamit Azizi for her help in running and analyzing the data for Experi-ment 2 and to Michael Ginzburg ... These results also indicate that both encoding and retrieval required resources for their exe-cution, as reflected by the distance measures being significantly ...
We propose that the specificity with which associations in episodic memory can be remembered vari... more We propose that the specificity with which associations in episodic memory can be remembered varies on a continuum. In Experiment 1, we provide further evidence that older adults' deficits in associative memory scale with the amount of specificity that needs to be retrieved. In Experiment 2, we address whether depleted attentional resources, simulated in young adults under divided attention at encoding, could account for older adults' associative memory specificity deficits. Participants studied face-scene pairs and later completed an associative recognition test, with test pairs that were old, highly similar or less similar to old pairs, or completely dissimilar. Participants rated their confidence in their decisions. False positive recognition responses increased with the amount of specificity needed to be retrieved. Whereas older adults' associative memory deficits scaled with how much specific information needed to be remembered, younger adults under divided attention had a more general deficit in associative memory. Confidence-accuracy analysis showed that participants were best able to calibrate their confidence when less specific information was needed to perform well. While divided attention young adults were generally prone to high-confidence errors, older adults' high-confidence errors were most apparent when highly specific information needed to be remembered. These results provide further evidence for levels of specificity in episodic memory. Access to the most specific levels is most vulnerable to forgetting, in line with a specificity principle of memory . Further, depleted attentional resources at encoding cannot entirely explain older adults' associative memory specificity deficits.
According to fuzzy-trace theory, human cognition is driven by evolutionary and ontogenetic pressu... more According to fuzzy-trace theory, human cognition is driven by evolutionary and ontogenetic pressures to rely on less precise gist representations rather than retaining verbatim representations, especially in older adulthood, where declines in episodic memory are welldocumented. Older adults' reliance on gist representations is often viewed through a negative lens, as such representations can contribute to false memories. However, their ability to remember gist details of past episodes may also confer advantages, especially in situations where memory is most deficient, as in remembering where someone was encountered. Remembering the gist of past experiences may lead to "well-enough" performance in some situations, enabling older adults to remember just enough details to avoid catastrophic memory errors. Thus, in contrast to the many negative views about adult age-related changes in memory, the preservation of gist in older adulthood can have a positive impact and may speak to the evolutionary benefit of gist representations in situations in which human memory is severely limited.
Age-related differences in memory for people and their actions
PsycEXTRA Dataset, 2006
Adult age-related changes in the specificity of episodic memory representations: A review and theoretical framework
Psychology and Aging, Mar 1, 2023
Adult age differences in specific and gist associative episodic memory across short- and long-term retention intervals
Psychology and Aging, Sep 1, 2022
Memory & Cognition, Sep 15, 2020
One of the most evidential behavioral results for two memory processes comes from Gardiner and Ja... more One of the most evidential behavioral results for two memory processes comes from Gardiner and Java (Memory & Cognition, 18, 23-30 1990). Participants provided more "remember" than "know" responses for old words but more know than remember responses for old nonwords. Moreover, there was no effect of word/nonword status for new items. The combination of a crossover interaction for old items with an invariance for new items provides strong evidence for two distinct processes while ruling out criteria or bias explanations. Here, we report a modern replication of this study. In three experiments, (Experiments 1, 2, and 4) with larger numbers of items and participants, we were unable to replicate the crossover. Instead, our data are more consistent with a single-process account. In a fourth experiment (Experiment 3), we were able to replicate Gardiner and Java's baseline results with a sure-unsure paradigm supporting a single-process explanation. It seems that Gardiner and Java's remarkable crossover result is not replicable. Keywords Recognition memory • Implicit memory • Replication One major feature in the modern study of memory is a healthy respect for the distinction between different mnemonic processes. One impactful distinction is that between conscious recollection and familiarity-based automatic activation (
Psychology and Aging, Sep 1, 2014
Systematic research and anecdotal evidence both indicate declines in episodic memory in older adu... more Systematic research and anecdotal evidence both indicate declines in episodic memory in older adults in good health without dementia-related disorders. Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain these age-related changes in episodic memory, some of which attribute such declines to a deterioration in associative memory. The current special issue of Psychology and Aging on Age-Related Differences in Associative Memory includes 16 articles by top researchers in the area of memory and aging. Their contributions provide a wealth of empirical work that addresses different aspects of aging and associative memory, including different mediators and predictors of age-related declines in binding and associative memory, cognitive, noncognitive, genetic, and neuro-related ones. The contributions also address the processing phases where these declines manifest themselves and look at ways to ameliorate these age-related declines. Furthermore, the contributions in this issue draw on different theoretical perspectives to explain age-related changes in associative memory and provide a wealth of varying methodologies to assess older and younger adults' performance. Finally, although most of the studies focus on normative/healthy aging, some of them contain insights that are potentially applicable to disorders and pathologies.
Psychology and Aging, Feb 1, 2018
Systematic research and anecdotal evidence both indicate declines in episodic memory in older adu... more Systematic research and anecdotal evidence both indicate declines in episodic memory in older adults in good health without dementia-related disorders. Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain these age-related changes in episodic memory, some of which attribute such declines to a deterioration in associative memory. The current special issue of Psychology and Aging on Age-Related Differences in Associative Memory includes 16 articles by top researchers in the area of memory and aging. Their contributions provide a wealth of empirical work that addresses different aspects of aging and associative memory, including different mediators and predictors of age-related declines in binding and associative memory, cognitive, noncognitive, genetic, and neuro-related ones. The contributions also address the processing phases where these declines manifest themselves and look at ways to ameliorate these age-related declines. Furthermore, the contributions in this issue draw on different theoretical perspectives to explain age-related changes in associative memory and provide a wealth of varying methodologies to assess older and younger adults' performance. Finally, although most of the studies focus on normative/healthy aging, some of them contain insights that are potentially applicable to disorders and pathologies.
The Role of Stereotype Threat in Older Adults' Associative Memory Deficit
PsycEXTRA Dataset, 2014
The Quarterly journal of experimental psychology, Aug 1, 2000
& Divided attention (DA) disrupts episodic encoding, but has little effect on episodic retrieval.... more & Divided attention (DA) disrupts episodic encoding, but has little effect on episodic retrieval. Furthermore, normal aging is associated with episodic memory impairments, and when young adults are made to encode information under DA conditions, their memory performance is reduced and resembles that of old adults working under full attention (FA) conditions. Together, these results suggest a common neurocognitive mechanism by which aging and DA during encoding disrupt memory performance. In the current study, we used PET to investigate younger and older adults' brain activity during encoding and retrieval under FA and DA conditions. In FA conditions, the old adults showed reduced activity in prefrontal regions that younger adults activated preferentially during encoding or retrieval, as well as increased activity in prefrontal regions young adults did not activate. These results indicate that prefrontal functional specificity of episodic memory is reduced by aging. During encoding, DA reduced memory performance, and reduced brain activity in left-prefrontal and medial-temporal lobe regions for both age groups, indicating that DA during encoding interferes with encoding processes that lead to better memory performance. During retrieval, memory performance and retrieval-related brain activity were relatively immune to DA for both age groups, suggesting that DA during retrieval does not interfere with the brain systems necessary for successful retrieval. Finally, left inferior prefrontal activity was reduced similarly by aging and by DA during encoding, suggesting that the behavioral correspondence between these effects is the result of a reduced ability to engage in elaborate encoding operations. &
How the Measurement of Memory Processes Can Affect Memory Performance: The Case of Remember/ Know Judgments
PsycEXTRA Dataset, 2012
ACR North American Advances, 2013
We show across two studies in a branding context that different types of schematic support allevi... more We show across two studies in a branding context that different types of schematic support alleviate episodic memory deficits in elderly consumers differently. While meaningfulness of brand elements attenuates item (vs. associative) memory deficits in older (vs. younger) consumers, relatedness between brand elements mitigates differences in associative (vs. item) memory.
Age-related differences in explicit associative memory: Contributions of effortful-strategic and automatic processes
Psychologia Rozwojowa, 2013
Online experimentation and sampling in cognitive aging research
Psychology and Aging, Feb 1, 2022
Online data collection methods have become increasingly popular in many domains of psychology, bu... more Online data collection methods have become increasingly popular in many domains of psychology, but their use in cognitive aging studies remains relatively limited. Is it time for cognitive aging researchers to embrace these methods? Here, we weigh potential advantages and disadvantages of conducting online studies with young and older adults, relative to lab-based studies, with a particular focus on the study of human memory and aging. With online studies, it may be possible to assess whether age-related effects on cognition obtained in the laboratory generalize to other situations with different environmental or subject characteristics. However, there are many open questions about the representativeness of older adults on online data collection platforms, and issues surrounding data quality, selection effects, and other biasing characteristics, which must be carefully handled in cognitive aging studies which recruit young and older adult participants online. We consider the benefit of conducting experimentation both in the lab and online in providing converging evidence on a research question, and we offer an example of an experiment on adult age differences in associative recognition that was conducted in the laboratory and online. We also provide practical recommendations for ways to maximize the potential for online studies to contribute to our understanding of cognitive aging. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
Differential attentional costs of encoding specific and gist episodic memory representations
Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, Jul 20, 2023
Forgetting of specific and gist visual associative episodic memory representations across time
Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, Mar 6, 2023
Is Older Adults' Associative Memory Deficit Mediated by Age- Related Sensory Decline?
PsycEXTRA Dataset, 2007
Dual-Task Studies: Interaction of Motor Activity and Memory for Movement
PsycEXTRA Dataset, 2007
Effects of divided attention on encoding and retrieval processes: Assessment of attentional costs and a componential analysis
Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition, 2000
... We are grateful to Yamit Azizi for her help in running and analyzing the data for Experi-ment... more ... We are grateful to Yamit Azizi for her help in running and analyzing the data for Experi-ment 2 and to Michael Ginzburg ... These results also indicate that both encoding and retrieval required resources for their exe-cution, as reflected by the distance measures being significantly ...
We propose that the specificity with which associations in episodic memory can be remembered vari... more We propose that the specificity with which associations in episodic memory can be remembered varies on a continuum. In Experiment 1, we provide further evidence that older adults' deficits in associative memory scale with the amount of specificity that needs to be retrieved. In Experiment 2, we address whether depleted attentional resources, simulated in young adults under divided attention at encoding, could account for older adults' associative memory specificity deficits. Participants studied face-scene pairs and later completed an associative recognition test, with test pairs that were old, highly similar or less similar to old pairs, or completely dissimilar. Participants rated their confidence in their decisions. False positive recognition responses increased with the amount of specificity needed to be retrieved. Whereas older adults' associative memory deficits scaled with how much specific information needed to be remembered, younger adults under divided attention had a more general deficit in associative memory. Confidence-accuracy analysis showed that participants were best able to calibrate their confidence when less specific information was needed to perform well. While divided attention young adults were generally prone to high-confidence errors, older adults' high-confidence errors were most apparent when highly specific information needed to be remembered. These results provide further evidence for levels of specificity in episodic memory. Access to the most specific levels is most vulnerable to forgetting, in line with a specificity principle of memory . Further, depleted attentional resources at encoding cannot entirely explain older adults' associative memory specificity deficits.
According to fuzzy-trace theory, human cognition is driven by evolutionary and ontogenetic pressu... more According to fuzzy-trace theory, human cognition is driven by evolutionary and ontogenetic pressures to rely on less precise gist representations rather than retaining verbatim representations, especially in older adulthood, where declines in episodic memory are welldocumented. Older adults' reliance on gist representations is often viewed through a negative lens, as such representations can contribute to false memories. However, their ability to remember gist details of past episodes may also confer advantages, especially in situations where memory is most deficient, as in remembering where someone was encountered. Remembering the gist of past experiences may lead to "well-enough" performance in some situations, enabling older adults to remember just enough details to avoid catastrophic memory errors. Thus, in contrast to the many negative views about adult age-related changes in memory, the preservation of gist in older adulthood can have a positive impact and may speak to the evolutionary benefit of gist representations in situations in which human memory is severely limited.
Age-related differences in memory for people and their actions
PsycEXTRA Dataset, 2006
Adult age-related changes in the specificity of episodic memory representations: A review and theoretical framework
Psychology and Aging, Mar 1, 2023
Adult age differences in specific and gist associative episodic memory across short- and long-term retention intervals
Psychology and Aging, Sep 1, 2022
Memory & Cognition, Sep 15, 2020
One of the most evidential behavioral results for two memory processes comes from Gardiner and Ja... more One of the most evidential behavioral results for two memory processes comes from Gardiner and Java (Memory & Cognition, 18, 23-30 1990). Participants provided more "remember" than "know" responses for old words but more know than remember responses for old nonwords. Moreover, there was no effect of word/nonword status for new items. The combination of a crossover interaction for old items with an invariance for new items provides strong evidence for two distinct processes while ruling out criteria or bias explanations. Here, we report a modern replication of this study. In three experiments, (Experiments 1, 2, and 4) with larger numbers of items and participants, we were unable to replicate the crossover. Instead, our data are more consistent with a single-process account. In a fourth experiment (Experiment 3), we were able to replicate Gardiner and Java's baseline results with a sure-unsure paradigm supporting a single-process explanation. It seems that Gardiner and Java's remarkable crossover result is not replicable. Keywords Recognition memory • Implicit memory • Replication One major feature in the modern study of memory is a healthy respect for the distinction between different mnemonic processes. One impactful distinction is that between conscious recollection and familiarity-based automatic activation (
Psychology and Aging, Sep 1, 2014
Systematic research and anecdotal evidence both indicate declines in episodic memory in older adu... more Systematic research and anecdotal evidence both indicate declines in episodic memory in older adults in good health without dementia-related disorders. Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain these age-related changes in episodic memory, some of which attribute such declines to a deterioration in associative memory. The current special issue of Psychology and Aging on Age-Related Differences in Associative Memory includes 16 articles by top researchers in the area of memory and aging. Their contributions provide a wealth of empirical work that addresses different aspects of aging and associative memory, including different mediators and predictors of age-related declines in binding and associative memory, cognitive, noncognitive, genetic, and neuro-related ones. The contributions also address the processing phases where these declines manifest themselves and look at ways to ameliorate these age-related declines. Furthermore, the contributions in this issue draw on different theoretical perspectives to explain age-related changes in associative memory and provide a wealth of varying methodologies to assess older and younger adults' performance. Finally, although most of the studies focus on normative/healthy aging, some of them contain insights that are potentially applicable to disorders and pathologies.
Psychology and Aging, Feb 1, 2018
Systematic research and anecdotal evidence both indicate declines in episodic memory in older adu... more Systematic research and anecdotal evidence both indicate declines in episodic memory in older adults in good health without dementia-related disorders. Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain these age-related changes in episodic memory, some of which attribute such declines to a deterioration in associative memory. The current special issue of Psychology and Aging on Age-Related Differences in Associative Memory includes 16 articles by top researchers in the area of memory and aging. Their contributions provide a wealth of empirical work that addresses different aspects of aging and associative memory, including different mediators and predictors of age-related declines in binding and associative memory, cognitive, noncognitive, genetic, and neuro-related ones. The contributions also address the processing phases where these declines manifest themselves and look at ways to ameliorate these age-related declines. Furthermore, the contributions in this issue draw on different theoretical perspectives to explain age-related changes in associative memory and provide a wealth of varying methodologies to assess older and younger adults' performance. Finally, although most of the studies focus on normative/healthy aging, some of them contain insights that are potentially applicable to disorders and pathologies.
The Role of Stereotype Threat in Older Adults' Associative Memory Deficit
PsycEXTRA Dataset, 2014
The Quarterly journal of experimental psychology, Aug 1, 2000
& Divided attention (DA) disrupts episodic encoding, but has little effect on episodic retrieval.... more & Divided attention (DA) disrupts episodic encoding, but has little effect on episodic retrieval. Furthermore, normal aging is associated with episodic memory impairments, and when young adults are made to encode information under DA conditions, their memory performance is reduced and resembles that of old adults working under full attention (FA) conditions. Together, these results suggest a common neurocognitive mechanism by which aging and DA during encoding disrupt memory performance. In the current study, we used PET to investigate younger and older adults' brain activity during encoding and retrieval under FA and DA conditions. In FA conditions, the old adults showed reduced activity in prefrontal regions that younger adults activated preferentially during encoding or retrieval, as well as increased activity in prefrontal regions young adults did not activate. These results indicate that prefrontal functional specificity of episodic memory is reduced by aging. During encoding, DA reduced memory performance, and reduced brain activity in left-prefrontal and medial-temporal lobe regions for both age groups, indicating that DA during encoding interferes with encoding processes that lead to better memory performance. During retrieval, memory performance and retrieval-related brain activity were relatively immune to DA for both age groups, suggesting that DA during retrieval does not interfere with the brain systems necessary for successful retrieval. Finally, left inferior prefrontal activity was reduced similarly by aging and by DA during encoding, suggesting that the behavioral correspondence between these effects is the result of a reduced ability to engage in elaborate encoding operations. &
How the Measurement of Memory Processes Can Affect Memory Performance: The Case of Remember/ Know Judgments
PsycEXTRA Dataset, 2012