Raymond Foster | University of Missouri Columbia (original) (raw)

Papers by Raymond Foster

Research paper thumbnail of The Ulf Ulmsten Lecture presented at the opening ceremonies of the 30th Annual Congress of the International Urogynecologic Association—August 10, 2005, Copenhagen, Denmark

International Urogynecology Journal, 2006

Research paper thumbnail of PAPER 19: Racial Differences in Pelvic Geometry Among Asymptomatic Nulliparas as Seen on Three-Dimensional Magnetic Resonance Images

Journal of Pelvic Medicine and Surgery, 2005

Research paper thumbnail of Gender Differences in Autoimmune Diseases: Estrogen Increases Calcineurin Expression in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) predominantly affects women (9:1 compared to men) of childbear... more Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) predominantly affects women (9:1 compared to men) of childbearing age and often decreases its intensity in postmenopausal women, suggesting that sex hormones play a role in its pathogenesis. Comparison of steady-state levels of calcineurin mRNA using RNase protection assays revealed increased calcineurin expression in response to estradiol in cultured T cells from nine female lupus patients. Calcineurin mRNA levels did not increase significantly in T cells from eight age-matched normal control female volunteers. Estrogen-dependent calcineurin mRNA increased in a dose-dependent fashion, while progesterone and dexamethasone did not increase calcineurin mRNA in patient cells.

Research paper thumbnail of Antibiotic Prophylaxis for Urinary Tract Infection After Midurethral Sling

Female Pelvic Medicine & Reconstructive Surgery, 2013

Because of the reported high percentage of bladder infections after placement of a midurethral sl... more Because of the reported high percentage of bladder infections after placement of a midurethral sling (8.9%-34%), this study was undertaken to determine if a 3-day postoperative course of a urinary antibiotic would significantly lower the incidence of urinary tract infection (UTI) among treated women. Women who were planning outpatient vaginal surgery for stress incontinence were enrolled, after informed consent, and randomized to receive placebo or nitrofurantoin (100 mg 2 times a day) for 3 days after surgery. Research subjects and investigators were blinded to the randomization. Women were observed for signs and symptoms of UTI until 6 weeks after surgery. Sample size was calculated to have 80% power to detect a 15% difference in the primary outcome (α = 0.05). The primary outcome was analyzed using a χ analysis. Data were analyzed from 149 subjects (placebo, n = 75; drug, n = 74). Overall, 37 women (24.8%) were diagnosed with a UTI during the study period. The incidence of postoperative UTI was significantly lower in the treatment arm (17.6%) then in the placebo arm (32%; P = 0.04). A short (3-day) course of nitrofurantoin after outpatient sling surgery significantly reduces the incidence of postoperative bladder infection in the first 6 weeks after sling surgery.

Research paper thumbnail of Oestrogen and progesterone control basic fibroblast growth factor mRNA in the rat uterus

Journal of Endocrinology, 1997

Cell proliferation and differentiation in the rodent uterus are probably controlled by the intera... more Cell proliferation and differentiation in the rodent uterus are probably controlled by the interaction of female sex steroids with polypeptide growth factors. Uterine basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) mRNA was measured by RNase protection during the time (days 2\p=n-\4) of endometrial cell proliferation in the pregnant rat. bFGF transcripts were detected at each of the 3 days of pregnancy examined. To investigate the influence of oestrogen and progesterone on bFGF mRNA accumulation, ovariectomized rats were treated with oestradiol for 48 h followed by a single injection of oestradiol, progesterone, the two steroids co-injected or oil vehicle alone. Uterine RNA was collected 6 h after the last hormone injection. Steroid treatments increased steady-state uterine bFGF mRNA compared with vehicle control animals as measured by RNase protection. Northern blot analysis of c-fos and c-jun mRNAs from these same treatment groups revealed increased protooncogene expression in the uterus of hormone treated rats compared with the control animals. Temporal analysis of bFGF mRNA in ovariectomized rats at 1, 3 and 6 h after acute oestrogen and oestrogen\x=req-\ progesterone co-administration showed a dual pattern of transcript accumulation. Both hormone treatments increased bFGF mRNA within 1 h compared with vehicle injected rats. Co-administration of the two hormones, however, repressed bFGF mRNA accumulation relative to oestrogen at 3 and 6 h. Together, these studies provide evidence that bFGF control of uterine cell proliferation in pregnant rats can occur from newly synthesized bFGF.

Research paper thumbnail of The Ulf Ulmsten Lecture presented at the opening ceremonies of the 30th Annual Congress of the International Urogynecologic Association—August 10, 2005, Copenhagen, Denmark

International Urogynecology Journal, 2006

Research paper thumbnail of A prospective assessment of overactive bladder symptoms in a cohort of elderly women who underwent transvaginal surgery for advanced pelvic organ prolapse

American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2007

The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of transvaginal prolapse surgery on overac... more The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of transvaginal prolapse surgery on overactive bladder symptoms in elderly women.

Research paper thumbnail of Racial differences in pelvic morphology among asymptomatic nulliparous women as seen on three-dimensional magnetic resonance images

American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2005

Objective: Compare pelvic morphology between asymptomatic African-American and white nulliparous ... more Objective: Compare pelvic morphology between asymptomatic African-American and white nulliparous women. Study design: Resting supine T2-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) images were obtained in 12 African-American (AA) and 10 white American (WA) women without pelvic floor dysfunction. Three-dimensional models were reconstructed from the MR images by a masked investigator, and predefined bony and soft tissue pelvic floor parameters were measured and compared. Nonparametric statistics were used, with significance considered at P ! .05. Results: Subjects were similar in age and body mass index. Levator ani volume was significantly greater in the AA versus the WA group (mean = 26.8 vs 19.8 cm 3 , P = .002). The levatorsymphysis gap was smaller in the AA (left-18.2, right-18.8 mm) versus the WA group (22.4, 22.6 mm, P = .003, .048) on the left and right. Significant differences were seen in bladder neck position, urethral angle, and the pubic arch angle. Conclusion: The increased muscle bulk and closer puborectalis attachment seen among the African-American nulliparous women may impact the development of pelvic floor dysfunction. These findings need further study.

Research paper thumbnail of VIDEO PRESENTATION 4: Transvaginal Surgery for Periurethral Diverticulum: Optimizing Preoperative Evaluation and Key Points in Surgical Technique

Journal of Pelvic Medicine and Surgery, 2006

Research paper thumbnail of The Ulf Ulmsten Lecture presented at the opening ceremonies of the 30th Annual Congress of the International Urogynecologic Association—August 10, 2005, Copenhagen, Denmark

International Urogynecology Journal, 2006

Research paper thumbnail of PAPER 19: Racial Differences in Pelvic Geometry Among Asymptomatic Nulliparas as Seen on Three-Dimensional Magnetic Resonance Images

Journal of Pelvic Medicine and Surgery, 2005

Research paper thumbnail of Gender Differences in Autoimmune Diseases: Estrogen Increases Calcineurin Expression in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) predominantly affects women (9:1 compared to men) of childbear... more Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) predominantly affects women (9:1 compared to men) of childbearing age and often decreases its intensity in postmenopausal women, suggesting that sex hormones play a role in its pathogenesis. Comparison of steady-state levels of calcineurin mRNA using RNase protection assays revealed increased calcineurin expression in response to estradiol in cultured T cells from nine female lupus patients. Calcineurin mRNA levels did not increase significantly in T cells from eight age-matched normal control female volunteers. Estrogen-dependent calcineurin mRNA increased in a dose-dependent fashion, while progesterone and dexamethasone did not increase calcineurin mRNA in patient cells.

Research paper thumbnail of Antibiotic Prophylaxis for Urinary Tract Infection After Midurethral Sling

Female Pelvic Medicine & Reconstructive Surgery, 2013

Because of the reported high percentage of bladder infections after placement of a midurethral sl... more Because of the reported high percentage of bladder infections after placement of a midurethral sling (8.9%-34%), this study was undertaken to determine if a 3-day postoperative course of a urinary antibiotic would significantly lower the incidence of urinary tract infection (UTI) among treated women. Women who were planning outpatient vaginal surgery for stress incontinence were enrolled, after informed consent, and randomized to receive placebo or nitrofurantoin (100 mg 2 times a day) for 3 days after surgery. Research subjects and investigators were blinded to the randomization. Women were observed for signs and symptoms of UTI until 6 weeks after surgery. Sample size was calculated to have 80% power to detect a 15% difference in the primary outcome (α = 0.05). The primary outcome was analyzed using a χ analysis. Data were analyzed from 149 subjects (placebo, n = 75; drug, n = 74). Overall, 37 women (24.8%) were diagnosed with a UTI during the study period. The incidence of postoperative UTI was significantly lower in the treatment arm (17.6%) then in the placebo arm (32%; P = 0.04). A short (3-day) course of nitrofurantoin after outpatient sling surgery significantly reduces the incidence of postoperative bladder infection in the first 6 weeks after sling surgery.

Research paper thumbnail of Oestrogen and progesterone control basic fibroblast growth factor mRNA in the rat uterus

Journal of Endocrinology, 1997

Cell proliferation and differentiation in the rodent uterus are probably controlled by the intera... more Cell proliferation and differentiation in the rodent uterus are probably controlled by the interaction of female sex steroids with polypeptide growth factors. Uterine basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) mRNA was measured by RNase protection during the time (days 2\p=n-\4) of endometrial cell proliferation in the pregnant rat. bFGF transcripts were detected at each of the 3 days of pregnancy examined. To investigate the influence of oestrogen and progesterone on bFGF mRNA accumulation, ovariectomized rats were treated with oestradiol for 48 h followed by a single injection of oestradiol, progesterone, the two steroids co-injected or oil vehicle alone. Uterine RNA was collected 6 h after the last hormone injection. Steroid treatments increased steady-state uterine bFGF mRNA compared with vehicle control animals as measured by RNase protection. Northern blot analysis of c-fos and c-jun mRNAs from these same treatment groups revealed increased protooncogene expression in the uterus of hormone treated rats compared with the control animals. Temporal analysis of bFGF mRNA in ovariectomized rats at 1, 3 and 6 h after acute oestrogen and oestrogen\x=req-\ progesterone co-administration showed a dual pattern of transcript accumulation. Both hormone treatments increased bFGF mRNA within 1 h compared with vehicle injected rats. Co-administration of the two hormones, however, repressed bFGF mRNA accumulation relative to oestrogen at 3 and 6 h. Together, these studies provide evidence that bFGF control of uterine cell proliferation in pregnant rats can occur from newly synthesized bFGF.

Research paper thumbnail of The Ulf Ulmsten Lecture presented at the opening ceremonies of the 30th Annual Congress of the International Urogynecologic Association—August 10, 2005, Copenhagen, Denmark

International Urogynecology Journal, 2006

Research paper thumbnail of A prospective assessment of overactive bladder symptoms in a cohort of elderly women who underwent transvaginal surgery for advanced pelvic organ prolapse

American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2007

The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of transvaginal prolapse surgery on overac... more The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of transvaginal prolapse surgery on overactive bladder symptoms in elderly women.

Research paper thumbnail of Racial differences in pelvic morphology among asymptomatic nulliparous women as seen on three-dimensional magnetic resonance images

American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2005

Objective: Compare pelvic morphology between asymptomatic African-American and white nulliparous ... more Objective: Compare pelvic morphology between asymptomatic African-American and white nulliparous women. Study design: Resting supine T2-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) images were obtained in 12 African-American (AA) and 10 white American (WA) women without pelvic floor dysfunction. Three-dimensional models were reconstructed from the MR images by a masked investigator, and predefined bony and soft tissue pelvic floor parameters were measured and compared. Nonparametric statistics were used, with significance considered at P ! .05. Results: Subjects were similar in age and body mass index. Levator ani volume was significantly greater in the AA versus the WA group (mean = 26.8 vs 19.8 cm 3 , P = .002). The levatorsymphysis gap was smaller in the AA (left-18.2, right-18.8 mm) versus the WA group (22.4, 22.6 mm, P = .003, .048) on the left and right. Significant differences were seen in bladder neck position, urethral angle, and the pubic arch angle. Conclusion: The increased muscle bulk and closer puborectalis attachment seen among the African-American nulliparous women may impact the development of pelvic floor dysfunction. These findings need further study.

Research paper thumbnail of VIDEO PRESENTATION 4: Transvaginal Surgery for Periurethral Diverticulum: Optimizing Preoperative Evaluation and Key Points in Surgical Technique

Journal of Pelvic Medicine and Surgery, 2006