Nouman Ali Khan | Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) (original) (raw)

Papers by Nouman Ali Khan

International Journal of Emerging Trends in Engineering Research, Jul 5, 2021

This paper attempts to analyse the myths about the Durand Line Agreement between the British Indi... more This paper attempts to analyse the myths about the Durand Line Agreement between the British India and Afghanistan in 1893. Nineteenth century is considered as the century of imperialism. The two great powers i.e Great Britain and Russia were in competition to fulfill their imperialistic designs. Great Britain succeeded in taking full control of India and Russia annexed Khiva, Bokhara and Khokand currently Central Asian republics until 1870. Afghanistan was the only state left between the two giants. The British India tested its muscles in Afghanistan in 1839 and 1878 but failed to consolidate. The fear of Russian advancement during the Great Game compelled the British India to declare Afghanistan a buffer state and demarcate its boundaries. They started working on it immediately after the second Anglo-Afghan war in 1885. Resultantly the western boundaries of India were secured through the famous Durand Line Agreement in 1893 between Afghanistan and British India. After the independ...

Jurnal Sosioteknologi, 2018

Polymer Composites, 2017

In present study, magnetic chitosan-graphene oxide composite (ᶆC-GO) has been synthesized and use... more In present study, magnetic chitosan-graphene oxide composite (ᶆC-GO) has been synthesized and used for the removal of two common textile dyes; acid red-17 (AR-17) and bromophenol blue (BPB). The effect of various parameters including pH (2–8), time (10–100 min), adsorbent dosage (2–10 mg), initial dye concentration (2–30 μg mL−1) as well as temperature (303, 313, and 323 K) was investigated. The point of zero charge of composite was determined using pH drift method in an attempt to better understand the adsorption process. Present work revealed fast adsorption kinetics with removal efficiency of around 79 and 97% for AR-17 and BPB, respectively, under optimized conditions. Besides, equilibrium relationships were studied using Langmuir and Freundlich models. Thermodynamic analysis uncovered the spontaneous and endothermic nature of dye-composite interation. Synthesized material showed profound stability after five successive adsorption-desorpion cycle of reuse. Importantly, spiked real water samples were used to check the suitability of composite adsorbent for practical applications. High % recoveries were obtained which indicated that complex matrix presented insignificant interference effects. Also, comparative study revealed that composite material offers superior performance for the removal of dyes relative to precursors (C, Fe3O4 nanoparticles, GO). Improvement in removal efficiency of synthesized composite toward selected dyes can be attributed to intrinsic qualities of C and incorporated functionalities; exceptionally high surface area as well as excellent mechanical properties of GO and convenience of magnetic separation because of Fe3O4 nanoparticles. POLYM. COMPOS., 2017. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers

2016 International Conference on Wireless Communications, Signal Processing and Networking (WiSPNET), 2016

In the current era of technology advancements, the number of digital transmission libraries are g... more In the current era of technology advancements, the number of digital transmission libraries are growing terribly quickly, the necessity to expeditiously index, browse and retrieve transmission data is hyperbolic. In this paper, a technical analysis on textual data identification and extraction from image is given in which various approaches for text detection and extraction are discussed and an evaluation is done on the popularity of approach. Models and their techniques are compared with the help of taxonomy which aims to show how the work flow can be described by various techniques and a study of different classifiers used by different models is also given. Results of various models are shown in the form of recall and precision and we have found that 0.1% of the algorithms achieved more than 99% recall and precision and on the basis of it efficiency of model is found.

The heart surgery forum, 2001

A patient, with post myocardial infarction (MI) thrombolysis, underwent emergency off-pump corona... more A patient, with post myocardial infarction (MI) thrombolysis, underwent emergency off-pump coronary artery bypass graft. Her post-operative course was complicated by excessive bleeding. At re-exploration, the bleeding was caused by a graze on the lung surface by the needle used during the insertion of the deep pericardial retraction suture.

The heart surgery forum, 2002

A consecutive series of patients undergoing first-time coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surger... more A consecutive series of patients undergoing first-time coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery were analyzed and the impact of off-pump surgery was evaluated. From January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2000, 367 patients underwent isolated first-time CABG surgery. One hundred and twenty underwent off-pump CABG (Group A, 32.7%) and 247 underwent conventional on-pump CABG (Group B, 67.3%). Five patients were converted during operation and were included in Group A. The pre-operative characteristics, intra-operative details, and post-operative course were analyzed in the two groups. All patients were followed up between 11 and 23 months (median 18 months) after operation by telephone interviews or questionnaire survey. Early mortality was 2.1% (group A, 0.83%; group B, 2.83%), with the difference not being statistically significant. The incidence of post-op stroke (group A, 1.66%; group B, 3.66%), renal failure (group A, 2.5%; group B, 5.66%), and gastrointestinal complications (group A, ...

Interactive cardiovascular and thoracic surgery, 2009

A best evidence topic was written according to the structured protocol. The question addressed wa... more A best evidence topic was written according to the structured protocol. The question addressed was whether preoperative computed tomography (CT) scan reduces the risk associated with re-do cardiac surgery. A Medline search revealed 412 papers, of which seven were deemed relevant to the topic. We conclude that preoperative CT angiography using ECG-gated multi-detector scan enables excellent anatomical details of heart, aorta and previous grafts, and highlights high-risk cases due to adherent grafts or ventricle or aortic atherosclerosis. This allows for better risk stratification and change of surgical strategy to reduce the potential risk in patients coming for re-do cardiac surgery. According to published reports, high-risk CT-scan findings in these patients caused clinicians to cancel surgery in up to 13% of cases, while preventive surgical strategies including non-midline approach, peripheral vascular exposure or establishing cardiopulmonary bypass prior to re-sternotomy have bee...

We sought to investigate the relationship between perioperative factors and the occurrence of ven... more We sought to investigate the relationship between perioperative factors and the occurrence of ventricular tachycardia (VT) and ventricular fibrillation (VF), as well as the impact of VT/VF on early and late mortality. BACKGROUND Both VT and VF are rare but serious complications after coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG), and their etiology and implications remain uncertain. METHODS Data on 4,411 consecutive patients undergoing CABG (1,154 [25.8%] had off-pump surgery) between April 1996 and September 2001 were extracted from a prospective database and analyzed. Odds ratios (ORs) describing associations between possible risk factors and VT/VF were estimated separately. Factors observed to be significantly associated with VT/VF were further investigated using multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS Sixty-nine patients suffered VT/VF (1.6%). There were 61 (1.4%) in-hospital/30-day deaths, 15 among patients who had postoperative VT/VF (21.7%). Patient factors independently associated with an increase in the odds of VT/VF included age Ͻ65 years, female gender, body mass index Ͻ25 kg/m 2 , unstable angina, moderate or poor ejection fraction, and the need for inotropes and an intra-aortic balloon pump (OR 1.72 to 4.47, p Ͻ 0.05). After adjustment, off-pump surgery was associated with a substantial but nonsignificant protective effect against VT/VF (OR 0.53, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.25 to 1.13; p ϭ 0.10). Actuarial survival at two years was 98.2% among patients who had VT/VF and who survived to discharge/30 days, compared with 97.0% for the control group (adjusted hazard ratio 0.96 (95% CI 0.40 to 2.31, p ϭ 0.92). CONCLUSIONS The incidence of VT/VF is low in patients undergoing coronary surgery but is associated with high in-hospital mortality. The late survival of the discharged VT/VF patients compares favorably with that of controls.

Journal of Mathematics, 2013

The present paper contains the sufficient condition of a fuzzy semigroup to be a fuzzy group usin... more The present paper contains the sufficient condition of a fuzzy semigroup to be a fuzzy group using fuzzy points. The existence of a fuzzy kernel in semigroup is explored. It has been shown that every fuzzy ideal of a semigroup contains every minimal fuzzy left and every minimal fuzzy right ideal of semigroup. The fuzzy kernel is the class sum of minimal fuzzy left (right) ideals of a semigroup. Every fuzzy left ideal of a fuzzy kernel is also a fuzzy left ideal of a semigroup. It has been shown that the product of minimal fuzzy left ideal and minimal fuzzy right ideal of a semigroup forms a group. The representation of minimal fuzzy left (right) ideals and also the representation of intersection of minimal fuzzy left ideal and minimal fuzzy right ideal are shown. The fuzzy kernel of a semigroup is basically the class sum of all the minimal fuzzy left (right) ideals of a semigroup. Finally the sufficient condition of fuzzy kernel to be completely simple semigroup has been proved.

Journal of Mathematics Research, 2010

Resuscitation, 2008

Haemodynamically significant ventricular tachyarrhythmias are a frequent complication in the imme... more Haemodynamically significant ventricular tachyarrhythmias are a frequent complication in the immediate post-operative period after cardiac surgery. Successful cardioversion depends on delivery of sufficient current, which in turn is dependent on transthoracic impedance (TTI). However, it is uncertain if there is a change in TTI immediately following cardiac surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). TTI was measured on 40 patients undergoing first time isolated cardiac surgery using CPB. TTI was recorded at 30 kHz using Bodystat Multiscan 5000 equipment before operation (with and without a positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) of 5 cm of H(2)O) and then at 1, 4 and 24 h after the operation. Data was analyzed to determine the relationship between pre- and post-operative variables and TTI values. Mean pre-operative TTI was 54.5+/-10.55 ohms without PEEP and 61.8+/-15.4 ohms on a PEEP of 5 cm of H(2)O. TTI dropped significantly (p&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;0.001) after the operation to 47.2+/-10.6 ohms at 1 h, 42.6+/-10.2 ohms at 4 h and 41.8+/-10.4 ohms at 24 h. A positive correlation was noted between duration of operation and TTI change at 1 h (r=0.38; p=0.016). There was no significant correlation between the duration of bypass and change in TTI. TTI decreases by more than 30% in the immediate post-operative period following cardiac surgery. This state may favour defibrillation at lower energy levels.