kevin Ngare | Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology (original) (raw)
Papers by kevin Ngare
Drafts by kevin Ngare
This book explains success in details.
Internship is part of the requirement for the Bachelor of Science of nutrition, food and dietetic... more Internship is part of the requirement for the Bachelor of Science of nutrition, food and dietetic sciences. Kenyatta National Hospital is the public hospital of choice in Kenya and beyond. It offers quality specialized health care to patients from the Great Lakes Region, Southern and Central Africa. These services include nutrition services, open heart surgery, neurosurgery, orthopedic surgery, reconstructive surgery, burns management, critical care services, new born services, ophthalmology (cornea transplant), oncology, palliative care and renal services (including kidney transplantation), among others. Internship objectives included, to acquire knowledge on leadership and management skills, to learn more on medical nutrition therapy and put theoretical part learnt from university, to apply Nutrition Care Process in the management of medical conditions, to learn about reporting, monitoring and evaluation in context of store keeping and to satisfy the requirement of Kenya Nutritionists and Dietician Institute (KNDI) for registration. The following areas were covered during internship period reproductive nutrition, medical nutrition,orthopedic nutrition, surgical nutrition, critical care nutrition, oncology nutrition, renal nutrition, cardiac and hepatic nutrition, pediatrics nutrition and preparation of special diets. The ward attached to included, Reproductive Health Unit(RHU), Oncology, Kenyatta Private Care Center(KPCC), medical wards, orthopaedic wards, surgical wards both general and special, Critical care unit, Burns Unit, pediatrics wards, Newborn Unit, Pediatrics intensive care unit, renal unit, Diet kitchen, Diet Advisory clinic(DAC), orthopaedic clinic, surgical clinic, Gaenecology clinic, pediatrics clinic, diabetic clinic, Ear, nose and throat clinic, and Accident and Emergency section. Achievements were practical application of nutrition care process, nutrition counseling and education. learnt and knew more about all medical conditions, experienced on medical nutrition therapy, acquired practical knowledge and skills on leadership and management, acquired practical skills on teamwork, social networking skills improved, become experienced on parenteral, Enteral and partial nutrition support, writing reports and reporting techniques. Monitoring and evaluation, financial generation and management. In any institution there are challenges, these were the challenges faced in KNH, financial constrains, many patients compared to staffs and duration of internship too long. Recommendations for internships includes, internship period to be reduced to a minimum of 6 months, interns to be given amount of money for sustainance by the Government of Kenya, More time to be allocated to specialized wards and medical wards, and institution to come up with standard nutrition guidelines to all wards. In conclusion, Internship is a very important component of nutrition training as it equips interns with practical knowledge and skills on the management of medical conditions through nutrition care process and medical nutrition therapy.
Enteral Nutrition is the provision of nutrients via the gastrointestinal tract either orally or t... more Enteral Nutrition is the provision of nutrients via the gastrointestinal tract either orally or through feeding tubes. When oral intake is inadequate to meet nutritional needs or is contraindicated, and the gastrointestinal tract is at least partially functioning the tube feeding is preferred method of nutritional support. Every effort should be made to feed via gastrointestinal tract. However, when the gut is non-functioning/inaccessible or when the bowel complete rest is required. Benefits of enteral feedings include: Improved immune response, Decreased villous atrophy, Prevention of bacterial translocation, Improved nutrient availability to liver, improved nutrient metabolism by liver; and less expensive. Indication for enteral nutrition; Unable to orally maintain or improve nutritional status, Protein-calorie malnutrition (PCM) OR RISK PCM with inadequate oral intake >2-5 days, normal nutritional status with prolonged inadequate oral intake >7-10 days. Contraindications of enteral feeding; Perforation of gastrointestinal tract, Gastrointestinal ischemia, Complete non-mechanical bowel obstruction, High output enterocuteneous fistula, Inability to access GI tract and Patients' refusal of enteral feeding. This type feeding are of two types infusion (feed delivered through pump, it includes both continuous and intermittent) and bolus. Complications for enteral nutrition includes; Diarrhea, constipation, underfeeding, overfeeding, Hyponatremia and micronutrient deficiencies. Recommendations; Enteral nutrition should be recommended for the patients who cannot feed orally for more than 2 days, It should be done with the most qualified persons to avoid other nutritional complications such as Hyponatremia, The enteral food calculations should be accurate to avoid overfeeding or underfeeding the patients and It should be timely to ensure proper feeding of the cells to prevent the cells from starving and eventually their death. In conclusion, enteral nutrition is the best type of artificial nutrition which helps in reviving the lives of patients who can't obtain nutrients and energy from the normal feeding processes. Therefore, it should be recommended to indications patients as soon as the signs are seen.
Chemotherapy is the use of drugs or chemicals to treat cancer. Our bodies are made up of billions... more Chemotherapy is the use of drugs or chemicals to treat cancer. Our bodies are made up of billions of cells, each with a special function. Some cells make up organs in the body, such as the heart, lungs, and kidneys. Other cells perform specific functions, such as fighting an infection or carrying oxygen to your tissues. In a healthy body, these normal cells work together. However, normal cells sometimes change into abnormal, or cancer, cells. Cancer cells do not work properly to help the body. They grow out of control and harm or crowd normal cells. Cancer cells also can break away and travel to other parts of the body. This may produce side effects that can affect eating, such as: Loss of appetite, Feeling sick (nausea), feeling tired (fatigue), having a sore mouth, having a sore throat and trouble swallowing, having a dry mouth, Changes in taste and smell and Constipation or diarrhoea. Good nutrition can: help you to cope better with treatment side effects and to recover sooner, help wounds and damaged tissues to heal better. This is important before and after surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy or other medical treatment, improve your body's immune system, its natural defence, so you are better able to fight infection and help you to maintain muscle strength, stay a healthy weight, and have enough energy for everyday tasks and to feel better in yourself. The following are the recommendation to cope with the side effects of chemotherapy; Good nutrition should be practiced during chemotherapy and radiotherapy because these treatment methods may lead to loss of nutrients from the body hence impaired nutrition i.e. high calorie, high protein ,low fat, low salt and a lot of fruits and vegetables, A lot of water to be encouraged that's 2 litres per day to help in removing chemical toxins from the body and replace water lost during the treatment, Physical activity for 30-45 minutes to be encouraged to prevent other complications such as overweight, obesity, The side effects of chemotherapy should be treated to avoid impaired nutrition of the people on the treatment and Monthly checkup of anthropometrics to be done to check the abnormalities. Good nutrition restores good health to those on chemotherapy.
This book explains success in details.
Internship is part of the requirement for the Bachelor of Science of nutrition, food and dietetic... more Internship is part of the requirement for the Bachelor of Science of nutrition, food and dietetic sciences. Kenyatta National Hospital is the public hospital of choice in Kenya and beyond. It offers quality specialized health care to patients from the Great Lakes Region, Southern and Central Africa. These services include nutrition services, open heart surgery, neurosurgery, orthopedic surgery, reconstructive surgery, burns management, critical care services, new born services, ophthalmology (cornea transplant), oncology, palliative care and renal services (including kidney transplantation), among others. Internship objectives included, to acquire knowledge on leadership and management skills, to learn more on medical nutrition therapy and put theoretical part learnt from university, to apply Nutrition Care Process in the management of medical conditions, to learn about reporting, monitoring and evaluation in context of store keeping and to satisfy the requirement of Kenya Nutritionists and Dietician Institute (KNDI) for registration. The following areas were covered during internship period reproductive nutrition, medical nutrition,orthopedic nutrition, surgical nutrition, critical care nutrition, oncology nutrition, renal nutrition, cardiac and hepatic nutrition, pediatrics nutrition and preparation of special diets. The ward attached to included, Reproductive Health Unit(RHU), Oncology, Kenyatta Private Care Center(KPCC), medical wards, orthopaedic wards, surgical wards both general and special, Critical care unit, Burns Unit, pediatrics wards, Newborn Unit, Pediatrics intensive care unit, renal unit, Diet kitchen, Diet Advisory clinic(DAC), orthopaedic clinic, surgical clinic, Gaenecology clinic, pediatrics clinic, diabetic clinic, Ear, nose and throat clinic, and Accident and Emergency section. Achievements were practical application of nutrition care process, nutrition counseling and education. learnt and knew more about all medical conditions, experienced on medical nutrition therapy, acquired practical knowledge and skills on leadership and management, acquired practical skills on teamwork, social networking skills improved, become experienced on parenteral, Enteral and partial nutrition support, writing reports and reporting techniques. Monitoring and evaluation, financial generation and management. In any institution there are challenges, these were the challenges faced in KNH, financial constrains, many patients compared to staffs and duration of internship too long. Recommendations for internships includes, internship period to be reduced to a minimum of 6 months, interns to be given amount of money for sustainance by the Government of Kenya, More time to be allocated to specialized wards and medical wards, and institution to come up with standard nutrition guidelines to all wards. In conclusion, Internship is a very important component of nutrition training as it equips interns with practical knowledge and skills on the management of medical conditions through nutrition care process and medical nutrition therapy.
Enteral Nutrition is the provision of nutrients via the gastrointestinal tract either orally or t... more Enteral Nutrition is the provision of nutrients via the gastrointestinal tract either orally or through feeding tubes. When oral intake is inadequate to meet nutritional needs or is contraindicated, and the gastrointestinal tract is at least partially functioning the tube feeding is preferred method of nutritional support. Every effort should be made to feed via gastrointestinal tract. However, when the gut is non-functioning/inaccessible or when the bowel complete rest is required. Benefits of enteral feedings include: Improved immune response, Decreased villous atrophy, Prevention of bacterial translocation, Improved nutrient availability to liver, improved nutrient metabolism by liver; and less expensive. Indication for enteral nutrition; Unable to orally maintain or improve nutritional status, Protein-calorie malnutrition (PCM) OR RISK PCM with inadequate oral intake >2-5 days, normal nutritional status with prolonged inadequate oral intake >7-10 days. Contraindications of enteral feeding; Perforation of gastrointestinal tract, Gastrointestinal ischemia, Complete non-mechanical bowel obstruction, High output enterocuteneous fistula, Inability to access GI tract and Patients' refusal of enteral feeding. This type feeding are of two types infusion (feed delivered through pump, it includes both continuous and intermittent) and bolus. Complications for enteral nutrition includes; Diarrhea, constipation, underfeeding, overfeeding, Hyponatremia and micronutrient deficiencies. Recommendations; Enteral nutrition should be recommended for the patients who cannot feed orally for more than 2 days, It should be done with the most qualified persons to avoid other nutritional complications such as Hyponatremia, The enteral food calculations should be accurate to avoid overfeeding or underfeeding the patients and It should be timely to ensure proper feeding of the cells to prevent the cells from starving and eventually their death. In conclusion, enteral nutrition is the best type of artificial nutrition which helps in reviving the lives of patients who can't obtain nutrients and energy from the normal feeding processes. Therefore, it should be recommended to indications patients as soon as the signs are seen.
Chemotherapy is the use of drugs or chemicals to treat cancer. Our bodies are made up of billions... more Chemotherapy is the use of drugs or chemicals to treat cancer. Our bodies are made up of billions of cells, each with a special function. Some cells make up organs in the body, such as the heart, lungs, and kidneys. Other cells perform specific functions, such as fighting an infection or carrying oxygen to your tissues. In a healthy body, these normal cells work together. However, normal cells sometimes change into abnormal, or cancer, cells. Cancer cells do not work properly to help the body. They grow out of control and harm or crowd normal cells. Cancer cells also can break away and travel to other parts of the body. This may produce side effects that can affect eating, such as: Loss of appetite, Feeling sick (nausea), feeling tired (fatigue), having a sore mouth, having a sore throat and trouble swallowing, having a dry mouth, Changes in taste and smell and Constipation or diarrhoea. Good nutrition can: help you to cope better with treatment side effects and to recover sooner, help wounds and damaged tissues to heal better. This is important before and after surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy or other medical treatment, improve your body's immune system, its natural defence, so you are better able to fight infection and help you to maintain muscle strength, stay a healthy weight, and have enough energy for everyday tasks and to feel better in yourself. The following are the recommendation to cope with the side effects of chemotherapy; Good nutrition should be practiced during chemotherapy and radiotherapy because these treatment methods may lead to loss of nutrients from the body hence impaired nutrition i.e. high calorie, high protein ,low fat, low salt and a lot of fruits and vegetables, A lot of water to be encouraged that's 2 litres per day to help in removing chemical toxins from the body and replace water lost during the treatment, Physical activity for 30-45 minutes to be encouraged to prevent other complications such as overweight, obesity, The side effects of chemotherapy should be treated to avoid impaired nutrition of the people on the treatment and Monthly checkup of anthropometrics to be done to check the abnormalities. Good nutrition restores good health to those on chemotherapy.