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The Neolithic transition is a particularly favorable field of research for the study of the emerg... more The Neolithic transition is a particularly favorable field of research for the study of the emergence and evolution of cultures and cultural phenomena. In this framework, high-precision chronologies are essential for decrypting the rhythms of emergence of new techno-economic traits. As part of a project exploring the conditions underlying the emergence and dynamics of the development of the first agro-pastoral societies in the Western Mediterranean, this paper proposes a new chronological modeling. Based on 45 new radiocarbon (14C) dates and on a Bayesian statistical framework, this work examines the rhythms and dispersal paths of the Neolithic economy both on coastal and continental areas. These new data highlight a complex and far less unidirectional dissemination process than that envisaged so far.
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ABSTRACT
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Proceedings of The National Academy of Sciences, 2001
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Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
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TheNorth-WesternMediterraneanwitnessed a rapid expansion of farmers and their livestock during th... more TheNorth-WesternMediterraneanwitnessed a rapid expansion of farmers and their livestock during the EarlyNeolithic
period. Depending on the region, cattle played a more or less important role in these communities; however
how these animalswere exploited for theirmilk is not clear. Herewe investigate calfmortality to determine indirectly
whether cattle dairying was practised by Early Neolithic stock herders. Age-at-death (AtD) frequencies for calves
from two sites: Trasano (Italy, Impressa culture: 7–6th millennium BC) and La Draga (Spain, Cardial culture: 6th
millennium BC) were estimated from dental eruption and development stages, and measurements of un-fused
post-cranial material. Adult age classes are well represented in the dental AtD frequencies and were interpreted
as the result of the slaughter of prime beef and retired lactating females. For calves aged less than 12 months,
there was no statistical difference in the AtD frequencies based on dental and post-cranial material indicating that
the data is a good representation of the mortality patterns of calves, either natural or deliberate. At both sites
there was a strong mortality peak at 3–6months in all AtD profiles. At La Draga, this peak was clearly
differentiated from a peak at 0–1month, which can be interpreted neonatal mortality possible a consequence
of the birthing season coinciding with the end of winter during more humid climatic conditions
that at present. The deliberate slaughter peak around 3–6months is discussed, and we propose that
stock herders controlled the mortality of infant classes, possibly in response to variable external environment
pressures while maintaining animal productivity.
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Comptes Rendus de l Académie des Sciences - Series IIA - Earth and Planetary Science
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Comptes Rendus Biologies
A mitochondrial and nuclear gene analysis allowed us to precise the taxonomical position of the t... more A mitochondrial and nuclear gene analysis allowed us to precise the taxonomical position of the two sympatric species of mice known to be present on Cyprus. One of them is the commensal house mouse M. m. domesticus, and the other revealed to be a new taxon that is a sister species of M. spicilegus and M. macedonicus. The new species is equidistant from each of these, the divergence dating around 0.5-1 Myr. Its origin either results from an ancient accidental colonisation of the island or from a recent transportation by the first epipalaeolithic settlers. In this last eventuality, the new species would also exist somewhere else in Asia Minor.
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The Neolithic transition is a particularly favorable field of research for the study of the emerg... more The Neolithic transition is a particularly favorable field of research for the study of the emergence and evolution of cultures and cultural phenomena. In this framework, high-precision chronologies are essential for decrypting the rhythms of emergence of new techno-economic traits. As part of a project exploring the conditions underlying the emergence and dynamics of the development of the first agro-pastoral societies in the Western Mediterranean, this paper proposes a new chronological modeling. Based on 45 new radiocarbon (14C) dates and on a Bayesian statistical framework, this work examines the rhythms and dispersal paths of the Neolithic economy both on coastal and continental areas. These new data highlight a complex and far less unidirectional dissemination process than that envisaged so far.
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ABSTRACT
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Proceedings of The National Academy of Sciences, 2001
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Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
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TheNorth-WesternMediterraneanwitnessed a rapid expansion of farmers and their livestock during th... more TheNorth-WesternMediterraneanwitnessed a rapid expansion of farmers and their livestock during the EarlyNeolithic
period. Depending on the region, cattle played a more or less important role in these communities; however
how these animalswere exploited for theirmilk is not clear. Herewe investigate calfmortality to determine indirectly
whether cattle dairying was practised by Early Neolithic stock herders. Age-at-death (AtD) frequencies for calves
from two sites: Trasano (Italy, Impressa culture: 7–6th millennium BC) and La Draga (Spain, Cardial culture: 6th
millennium BC) were estimated from dental eruption and development stages, and measurements of un-fused
post-cranial material. Adult age classes are well represented in the dental AtD frequencies and were interpreted
as the result of the slaughter of prime beef and retired lactating females. For calves aged less than 12 months,
there was no statistical difference in the AtD frequencies based on dental and post-cranial material indicating that
the data is a good representation of the mortality patterns of calves, either natural or deliberate. At both sites
there was a strong mortality peak at 3–6months in all AtD profiles. At La Draga, this peak was clearly
differentiated from a peak at 0–1month, which can be interpreted neonatal mortality possible a consequence
of the birthing season coinciding with the end of winter during more humid climatic conditions
that at present. The deliberate slaughter peak around 3–6months is discussed, and we propose that
stock herders controlled the mortality of infant classes, possibly in response to variable external environment
pressures while maintaining animal productivity.
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Comptes Rendus de l Académie des Sciences - Series IIA - Earth and Planetary Science
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Comptes Rendus Biologies
A mitochondrial and nuclear gene analysis allowed us to precise the taxonomical position of the t... more A mitochondrial and nuclear gene analysis allowed us to precise the taxonomical position of the two sympatric species of mice known to be present on Cyprus. One of them is the commensal house mouse M. m. domesticus, and the other revealed to be a new taxon that is a sister species of M. spicilegus and M. macedonicus. The new species is equidistant from each of these, the divergence dating around 0.5-1 Myr. Its origin either results from an ancient accidental colonisation of the island or from a recent transportation by the first epipalaeolithic settlers. In this last eventuality, the new species would also exist somewhere else in Asia Minor.
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Domestication challenges our understanding of human-environment relationships because it blurs th... more Domestication challenges our understanding of human-environment relationships because it blurs the dichotomy between what is artificial and what is natural. In domestication, biological evolution, environmental change, techniques and practices, anthropological trajectories and sociocultural choices are inextricably interconnected. Domestication is essentially a hybrid phenomenon that needs to
be explored with hybrid scientific approaches.
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