Rasoul Sarraf-Mamoory | Tarbiat Modares University (original) (raw)

Papers by Rasoul Sarraf-Mamoory

Materials & Design, 2016

Recently, three-dimensional graphene (3DG) has attracted much attention in many research fields d... more Recently, three-dimensional graphene (3DG) has attracted much attention in many research fields due to its unique structure and considerable properties. In order to expand the range of applications of 3DG, the suitable nanomaterials can be grown on its surface. In this study, titanium nitride (TiN) phase was deposited on 3DG porous structure by chemical method. This method contains two steps of immersing 3DG into a solution containing Ti ions and then annealing under ammonia atmosphere. The effect of annealing temperature on type of synthesized phases, their morphology, and stoichiometry was investigated. For this purpose, the samples were annealed at different temperatures (750-900°C) and analyzed via various techniques. The results showed that increasing annealing temperature results in increased crystallite size and lattice constant, while decreased oxygen content in TiN structure. Annealing at 850°C resulted in the most stoichiometric composition with titanium/nitrogen atomic ratio of 1.09, which had the lowest electrical resistivity of 0.41 Ω cm and lowest work function of 4.68 eV. After applying TiN, the water contact angle of 3DG (127°) was reduced to lower than 90°. Such TiN/ 3DG composite can be a promising candidate as an electrode in solar cells.

Applied Surface Science, 2015

In this paper, titanium nitride (TiN) was applied on the surface and into the porous structure of... more In this paper, titanium nitride (TiN) was applied on the surface and into the porous structure of threedimensional graphene (3DG) by chemical method. This method consists of immersing 3DG into a solution containing Ti ions and annealing under ammonia atmosphere at 850 • C. The effects of TiN coating and high temperature annealing under NH 3 on the physical properties of 3DG were investigated. For this purpose, the 3DG samples, with and without TiN coating, were characterized via XRD, SEM, XPS, and Raman spectroscopy. Then, the electrical resistivity, work function, and wettability of samples were determined by Van der Pauw method, contact angle meter, and UV photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS), respectively. The results showed that an almost pure and very crystalline TiN phase with titanium/nitrogen atomic ratio of 1.09 was formed on the 3DG network. Annealing of 3DG under NH 3 resulted in locally doping of graphene with nitrogen and generation of defects in its structure. After TiN coating, the work function value of 3DG (5 eV) was reduced to 4.68 eV, while its initial water contact angle decreased from 127 • to 83 • .

Materials Science and Technology, 2010

Sintered metal powder process is one of the high technology methods in ceramic-metal joining proc... more Sintered metal powder process is one of the high technology methods in ceramic-metal joining processes. Improvement in joining zone properties is very important in this method. The present study reveals the effect of metalised layer sintering temperature and time, and applied layer thickness on tensile strength and thermal shock resistance of alumina-copper joint. The results reveal that primary sintering for holding time duration of 90 min at a temperature of 1530uC and applied layer thickness of 50 mm with proper different stages of plating and brazing leads to a tensile strength of 120 MPa in the joining zone. The specimens, which were joined in this condition, were thermal shock resistance.

TiB 2 /Al 2 O 3 powder composite was synthesized via simultaneous aluminum reduction of TiO 2 and... more TiB 2 /Al 2 O 3 powder composite was synthesized via simultaneous aluminum reduction of TiO 2 and B 2 O 3 according to self-spreading high temperature (SHS) reaction in an oxidizing atmosphere. Using controlled atmosphere and high temperature is not necessary in this method. Based on the Taguchi experimental technique, various experiments were carried out and some characteristic parameters were determined. Due to the formation of intermolecular phases between Al 2 O 3 and CaO which are soluble in HCl, CaO powder was added to the starting materials to make pure TiB 2 . The most appropriate powder was obtained from the materials of stoichiometric composition, purified with an optimum amount of HCl. Characteristics of the produced samples were studied with X-ray diffraction, atomic absorption spectroscopy and particle size analysis.

According to the unique properties and many applications of nano gold powder, it was prepared fro... more According to the unique properties and many applications of nano gold powder, it was prepared from an acid leaching tail solution. The low value residual gold ions existed in acid leaching tail solution in Mouteh gold mine in Iran with fellow heavy metals as pollutants (Fe 2+ , Cu 2+ , and Zn 2+ ). Preparation of nano gold particles is achieved by two steps: First, by addition of ammonia as separation step and second by using the suitable reagents for precipitation and extraction step. Control conditions include pH, residence time, temperature, agitation, molar ratio of reducing agents to reagents. The optimum results show that nano gold powder was prepared by temperature of 250 °C , urea to gold molar ratio of 3:1, and reduction time of 20 min. Also, heat treatment improves dispersion of nano sized gold particles. The properties of gold nano powders were evaluated by SEM, A.A and UV-Vis spectroscopy methods and the size of particles were about 80 to 90 nm.

According to the unique properties and many applications of nano silver powder, it was prepared f... more According to the unique properties and many applications of nano silver powder, it was prepared from acid leaching tail solution. The low value residual gold and silver ions were occurred with fellow heavy metals as pollutants (Fe 2+ , Cu 2+ and Zn 2+ ) in acid leaching tail solution in Mouteh gold mine in Iran. Preparation of nano silver particles was achieved in two steps: first, by addition of ammonia as a separation step and second by using different reagents as precipitation and extraction steps. Different controlled parameters were including pH, residence time and temperature, mixing time, and reducing reagents to metals molar ratio. Acid leaching process was carried out with sulphuric and nitric acid via suitable reductants. In order to remove copper, zinc, and silver ions from solution, all of the conditions were controlled. The optimum conditions for preparation of nano silver powder with less than 90 nm were pH 10.5, hydrazine/methanol to silver molar ratio of 3 to 4, and reduction time of 5 min in 45ºC. The results were evaluated via SEM, A.A and UV-Vis spectroscopy analytical methods.

Journal of Ceramic Processing Research

International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series, 2012

ABSTRACT Aluminum nanoparticles were synthesized by pulsed laser ablation of Al targets in ethano... more ABSTRACT Aluminum nanoparticles were synthesized by pulsed laser ablation of Al targets in ethanol for 5-15 minutes using the 1064 and 533 nm wavelengths of a Nd:YAG laser with energies of 280-320 mJ per pulse. It has been found that higher wavelength leads to significantly higher ablation efficiency, and finer spherical nanoparticles are also synthesized. Besides, it was obvious that higher ablation time resulted in higher ablated mass, while lower ablation rate was observed. Finer nanoparticles, moreover, are synthesized in higher ablation times.

2009 Fifth International Conference on MEMS NANO, and Smart Systems, 2009

Aluminum nanoparticles were synthesized by pulsed laser ablation of Al sheet targets in ethanol f... more Aluminum nanoparticles were synthesized by pulsed laser ablation of Al sheet targets in ethanol for 10 minutes. Effect of laser wavelength was studied using 1064 and 533 nm wavelengths, and effect of its energy per pulse was surveyed applying energies of 280-400 mj. Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images, Laser Particle Size Analyzer (LPSA), UV-Visible absorption

2009 Fifth International Conference on MEMS NANO, and Smart Systems, 2009

Nano phase ceramics are interesting due to their extraordinary electrical, optical, mechanical, a... more Nano phase ceramics are interesting due to their extraordinary electrical, optical, mechanical, and chemical properties. These properties are more toughness, higher chemical reaction, and better sinterability. ZnO varistors are semi conductor ceramics, which their excellent nonlinear and electrical characteristic are induced from grain boundaries and are depended on microstructure. This is related to the size and morphology of ZnO grains.

Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology, 2015

The mono-and/or few-layers graphene oxide (GO) was synthesized by modified Hummers method. The (G... more The mono-and/or few-layers graphene oxide (GO) was synthesized by modified Hummers method. The (GO) incorporated ZnO composites were fabricated by sonochemical method. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of 2.5 wt% GO incorporated composite showed coexistence of GO and ZnO-wurtzite peaks in composite sample. Based on the morphological evolution of ZnO from scanning electron microscopy images and XRD patterns, the negatively charged GO sheets contributed in ZnO crystals nucleation and growth in sonochemical synthesize. The elimination of functional group bands in Fourier transform infrared spectra for composite samples implied an effective thermally reduction of GO. The results of ultra-violet photodetection measurements shown that the composite photodetectors not only possessed a desirable sensitivity, but also the response and recovery time were reduced to about one-third of pure ZnO nanopowder. The improved ultra-violet detection of composite samples was ascribed to the existence of highly conductive rGO frameworks which inhibit the photogenerated carriers from recombination and conducted them between electrodes.

Advanced Materials Research, 2009

Metal Powder Report, 2009

Powder Metallurgy and Metal Ceramics, 2007

Microwave energy is highly efficient for heating and processing different materials. In recent ye... more Microwave energy is highly efficient for heating and processing different materials. In recent years, this type of heat transfer has been used in sintering process. Rapid and highly efficient heating, time and energy saving, and improved properties of sintered materials are advantages of microwave sintering. In this paper, Fe and Fe-Cu powder compact samples (cylindrical and bone shapes) are sintered both in microwave and electrical tube furnaces. The microwave generator has 2.45 GHz frequency and 1 KW power. Times are selected in the range of 5-25 min for microwave sintering and 5-40 min for electrical heating. The sintering temperature is set at 1120°C. Samples are sintered in the reducing atmosphere of 95% N 2 + 5% H 2 mixture. The density, hardness, and tensile strength of the samples are measured. The results are compared. The results show that the microwave-sintered materials have a finer microstructure. The microwave-sintered materials have 6-8% higher density, 5-10 HV5 higher hardness, and about 10% higher tensile strength than conventionally sintered materials.

Powder Metallurgy, 2010

ABSTRACT In this research, synthesis of Co3W-Cu composite nanopowders based on Co3W intermetallic... more ABSTRACT In this research, synthesis of Co3W-Cu composite nanopowders based on Co3W intermetallic compound by mechanical milling and hydrogen reduction process was investigated. Powder mixture of Co3O4, WC and CuO with Co50W40Cu10 stoichiometry was first milled by high energy planetary ball mill and then reduced in a hydrogen reduction system. Crystallite structure of milled mixture and reduced powders was determined by X-ray diffraction. Particles size, morphology and cross-section of reduced samples were studied by SEM, TEM and SEM back scattered electron microscopy. Optimum condition of reduction under hydrogen atmosphere was found at 900 degrees C. Particles have Cu coring structure surrounded with Co3W intermetallic compound. Mean particle size was observed less than 50 nm with six fold hexagon morphology.

Powder Metallurgy, 2010

ABSTRACT Mechanical milling and hydrogen reduction of pure oxide mixture and magnetic characteris... more ABSTRACT Mechanical milling and hydrogen reduction of pure oxide mixture and magnetic characterisation of Co?Fe?Cu ternary alloy nanopowders were investigated. A powder mixture of Co3O4, CuO and Fe2O3 with Co50Fe40Cu10 stoichiometry was first milled by a high energy planetary ball mill and then reduced in a hydrogen reduction system. The optimum condition of the reduction under the hydrogen atmosphere was 650?C and 1 h. The X-ray diffraction patterns exhibit that the powder has ordered bcc structure with b2?bcc space group and 2?87 ? lattice parameter. Mean crystallite sizes calculated from X-ray diffraction results and mean particle size observed from electron microscopes were over 75 nm. Magnetic evaluation of ternary alloy nanopowders showed a saturation magnetisation value about 143 Am2 kg?1 and a low coercivity value of 0?93 Am?1.

physica status solidi (c), 2010

The synthesis of titanate nanotubes (TNT) which offers a very high specific surface area, high as... more The synthesis of titanate nanotubes (TNT) which offers a very high specific surface area, high aspect ratio, better electrical contact, and transport of charge carrier has attracted particular interests in creating as a new kind of nanostructure materials due to various applications of photocatalysts, high effect solar cell, gas sensor, semiconductor devices, and new generation electrodes for lithium batteries . Currently, there are developed methods for synthesis of titanate nanotubes including chemical synthesis with template, electrochemical synthesis, and alkaline hydrothermal synthesis. Among the aforementioned synthesis approaches, hydrothermal treatment received wide investigations, owing to their cost-effective, easy route to obtain nanotubes, the feasibility and availability of widespread applications .

Physica E: Low-dimensional Systems and Nanostructures, 2014

The pure ZnO and reduced graphene-oxide (rGO) incorporated composite films were synthesized by di... more The pure ZnO and reduced graphene-oxide (rGO) incorporated composite films were synthesized by dip-coating. By increasing the rGO content in composite films, the transparency and corresponding calculated band-gap of the films was a little decreased. The electrical resistivity of the samples was decreased by adding rGO. The addition of rGO regulated the sensitivity, time of response (and/or recovery) and corresponding signal to noise ratio.

Materials & Design, 2016

Recently, three-dimensional graphene (3DG) has attracted much attention in many research fields d... more Recently, three-dimensional graphene (3DG) has attracted much attention in many research fields due to its unique structure and considerable properties. In order to expand the range of applications of 3DG, the suitable nanomaterials can be grown on its surface. In this study, titanium nitride (TiN) phase was deposited on 3DG porous structure by chemical method. This method contains two steps of immersing 3DG into a solution containing Ti ions and then annealing under ammonia atmosphere. The effect of annealing temperature on type of synthesized phases, their morphology, and stoichiometry was investigated. For this purpose, the samples were annealed at different temperatures (750-900°C) and analyzed via various techniques. The results showed that increasing annealing temperature results in increased crystallite size and lattice constant, while decreased oxygen content in TiN structure. Annealing at 850°C resulted in the most stoichiometric composition with titanium/nitrogen atomic ratio of 1.09, which had the lowest electrical resistivity of 0.41 Ω cm and lowest work function of 4.68 eV. After applying TiN, the water contact angle of 3DG (127°) was reduced to lower than 90°. Such TiN/ 3DG composite can be a promising candidate as an electrode in solar cells.

Applied Surface Science, 2015

In this paper, titanium nitride (TiN) was applied on the surface and into the porous structure of... more In this paper, titanium nitride (TiN) was applied on the surface and into the porous structure of threedimensional graphene (3DG) by chemical method. This method consists of immersing 3DG into a solution containing Ti ions and annealing under ammonia atmosphere at 850 • C. The effects of TiN coating and high temperature annealing under NH 3 on the physical properties of 3DG were investigated. For this purpose, the 3DG samples, with and without TiN coating, were characterized via XRD, SEM, XPS, and Raman spectroscopy. Then, the electrical resistivity, work function, and wettability of samples were determined by Van der Pauw method, contact angle meter, and UV photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS), respectively. The results showed that an almost pure and very crystalline TiN phase with titanium/nitrogen atomic ratio of 1.09 was formed on the 3DG network. Annealing of 3DG under NH 3 resulted in locally doping of graphene with nitrogen and generation of defects in its structure. After TiN coating, the work function value of 3DG (5 eV) was reduced to 4.68 eV, while its initial water contact angle decreased from 127 • to 83 • .

Materials Science and Technology, 2010

Sintered metal powder process is one of the high technology methods in ceramic-metal joining proc... more Sintered metal powder process is one of the high technology methods in ceramic-metal joining processes. Improvement in joining zone properties is very important in this method. The present study reveals the effect of metalised layer sintering temperature and time, and applied layer thickness on tensile strength and thermal shock resistance of alumina-copper joint. The results reveal that primary sintering for holding time duration of 90 min at a temperature of 1530uC and applied layer thickness of 50 mm with proper different stages of plating and brazing leads to a tensile strength of 120 MPa in the joining zone. The specimens, which were joined in this condition, were thermal shock resistance.

TiB 2 /Al 2 O 3 powder composite was synthesized via simultaneous aluminum reduction of TiO 2 and... more TiB 2 /Al 2 O 3 powder composite was synthesized via simultaneous aluminum reduction of TiO 2 and B 2 O 3 according to self-spreading high temperature (SHS) reaction in an oxidizing atmosphere. Using controlled atmosphere and high temperature is not necessary in this method. Based on the Taguchi experimental technique, various experiments were carried out and some characteristic parameters were determined. Due to the formation of intermolecular phases between Al 2 O 3 and CaO which are soluble in HCl, CaO powder was added to the starting materials to make pure TiB 2 . The most appropriate powder was obtained from the materials of stoichiometric composition, purified with an optimum amount of HCl. Characteristics of the produced samples were studied with X-ray diffraction, atomic absorption spectroscopy and particle size analysis.

According to the unique properties and many applications of nano gold powder, it was prepared fro... more According to the unique properties and many applications of nano gold powder, it was prepared from an acid leaching tail solution. The low value residual gold ions existed in acid leaching tail solution in Mouteh gold mine in Iran with fellow heavy metals as pollutants (Fe 2+ , Cu 2+ , and Zn 2+ ). Preparation of nano gold particles is achieved by two steps: First, by addition of ammonia as separation step and second by using the suitable reagents for precipitation and extraction step. Control conditions include pH, residence time, temperature, agitation, molar ratio of reducing agents to reagents. The optimum results show that nano gold powder was prepared by temperature of 250 °C , urea to gold molar ratio of 3:1, and reduction time of 20 min. Also, heat treatment improves dispersion of nano sized gold particles. The properties of gold nano powders were evaluated by SEM, A.A and UV-Vis spectroscopy methods and the size of particles were about 80 to 90 nm.

According to the unique properties and many applications of nano silver powder, it was prepared f... more According to the unique properties and many applications of nano silver powder, it was prepared from acid leaching tail solution. The low value residual gold and silver ions were occurred with fellow heavy metals as pollutants (Fe 2+ , Cu 2+ and Zn 2+ ) in acid leaching tail solution in Mouteh gold mine in Iran. Preparation of nano silver particles was achieved in two steps: first, by addition of ammonia as a separation step and second by using different reagents as precipitation and extraction steps. Different controlled parameters were including pH, residence time and temperature, mixing time, and reducing reagents to metals molar ratio. Acid leaching process was carried out with sulphuric and nitric acid via suitable reductants. In order to remove copper, zinc, and silver ions from solution, all of the conditions were controlled. The optimum conditions for preparation of nano silver powder with less than 90 nm were pH 10.5, hydrazine/methanol to silver molar ratio of 3 to 4, and reduction time of 5 min in 45ºC. The results were evaluated via SEM, A.A and UV-Vis spectroscopy analytical methods.

Journal of Ceramic Processing Research

International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series, 2012

ABSTRACT Aluminum nanoparticles were synthesized by pulsed laser ablation of Al targets in ethano... more ABSTRACT Aluminum nanoparticles were synthesized by pulsed laser ablation of Al targets in ethanol for 5-15 minutes using the 1064 and 533 nm wavelengths of a Nd:YAG laser with energies of 280-320 mJ per pulse. It has been found that higher wavelength leads to significantly higher ablation efficiency, and finer spherical nanoparticles are also synthesized. Besides, it was obvious that higher ablation time resulted in higher ablated mass, while lower ablation rate was observed. Finer nanoparticles, moreover, are synthesized in higher ablation times.

2009 Fifth International Conference on MEMS NANO, and Smart Systems, 2009

Aluminum nanoparticles were synthesized by pulsed laser ablation of Al sheet targets in ethanol f... more Aluminum nanoparticles were synthesized by pulsed laser ablation of Al sheet targets in ethanol for 10 minutes. Effect of laser wavelength was studied using 1064 and 533 nm wavelengths, and effect of its energy per pulse was surveyed applying energies of 280-400 mj. Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images, Laser Particle Size Analyzer (LPSA), UV-Visible absorption

2009 Fifth International Conference on MEMS NANO, and Smart Systems, 2009

Nano phase ceramics are interesting due to their extraordinary electrical, optical, mechanical, a... more Nano phase ceramics are interesting due to their extraordinary electrical, optical, mechanical, and chemical properties. These properties are more toughness, higher chemical reaction, and better sinterability. ZnO varistors are semi conductor ceramics, which their excellent nonlinear and electrical characteristic are induced from grain boundaries and are depended on microstructure. This is related to the size and morphology of ZnO grains.

Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology, 2015

The mono-and/or few-layers graphene oxide (GO) was synthesized by modified Hummers method. The (G... more The mono-and/or few-layers graphene oxide (GO) was synthesized by modified Hummers method. The (GO) incorporated ZnO composites were fabricated by sonochemical method. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of 2.5 wt% GO incorporated composite showed coexistence of GO and ZnO-wurtzite peaks in composite sample. Based on the morphological evolution of ZnO from scanning electron microscopy images and XRD patterns, the negatively charged GO sheets contributed in ZnO crystals nucleation and growth in sonochemical synthesize. The elimination of functional group bands in Fourier transform infrared spectra for composite samples implied an effective thermally reduction of GO. The results of ultra-violet photodetection measurements shown that the composite photodetectors not only possessed a desirable sensitivity, but also the response and recovery time were reduced to about one-third of pure ZnO nanopowder. The improved ultra-violet detection of composite samples was ascribed to the existence of highly conductive rGO frameworks which inhibit the photogenerated carriers from recombination and conducted them between electrodes.

Advanced Materials Research, 2009

Metal Powder Report, 2009

Powder Metallurgy and Metal Ceramics, 2007

Microwave energy is highly efficient for heating and processing different materials. In recent ye... more Microwave energy is highly efficient for heating and processing different materials. In recent years, this type of heat transfer has been used in sintering process. Rapid and highly efficient heating, time and energy saving, and improved properties of sintered materials are advantages of microwave sintering. In this paper, Fe and Fe-Cu powder compact samples (cylindrical and bone shapes) are sintered both in microwave and electrical tube furnaces. The microwave generator has 2.45 GHz frequency and 1 KW power. Times are selected in the range of 5-25 min for microwave sintering and 5-40 min for electrical heating. The sintering temperature is set at 1120°C. Samples are sintered in the reducing atmosphere of 95% N 2 + 5% H 2 mixture. The density, hardness, and tensile strength of the samples are measured. The results are compared. The results show that the microwave-sintered materials have a finer microstructure. The microwave-sintered materials have 6-8% higher density, 5-10 HV5 higher hardness, and about 10% higher tensile strength than conventionally sintered materials.

Powder Metallurgy, 2010

ABSTRACT In this research, synthesis of Co3W-Cu composite nanopowders based on Co3W intermetallic... more ABSTRACT In this research, synthesis of Co3W-Cu composite nanopowders based on Co3W intermetallic compound by mechanical milling and hydrogen reduction process was investigated. Powder mixture of Co3O4, WC and CuO with Co50W40Cu10 stoichiometry was first milled by high energy planetary ball mill and then reduced in a hydrogen reduction system. Crystallite structure of milled mixture and reduced powders was determined by X-ray diffraction. Particles size, morphology and cross-section of reduced samples were studied by SEM, TEM and SEM back scattered electron microscopy. Optimum condition of reduction under hydrogen atmosphere was found at 900 degrees C. Particles have Cu coring structure surrounded with Co3W intermetallic compound. Mean particle size was observed less than 50 nm with six fold hexagon morphology.

Powder Metallurgy, 2010

ABSTRACT Mechanical milling and hydrogen reduction of pure oxide mixture and magnetic characteris... more ABSTRACT Mechanical milling and hydrogen reduction of pure oxide mixture and magnetic characterisation of Co?Fe?Cu ternary alloy nanopowders were investigated. A powder mixture of Co3O4, CuO and Fe2O3 with Co50Fe40Cu10 stoichiometry was first milled by a high energy planetary ball mill and then reduced in a hydrogen reduction system. The optimum condition of the reduction under the hydrogen atmosphere was 650?C and 1 h. The X-ray diffraction patterns exhibit that the powder has ordered bcc structure with b2?bcc space group and 2?87 ? lattice parameter. Mean crystallite sizes calculated from X-ray diffraction results and mean particle size observed from electron microscopes were over 75 nm. Magnetic evaluation of ternary alloy nanopowders showed a saturation magnetisation value about 143 Am2 kg?1 and a low coercivity value of 0?93 Am?1.

physica status solidi (c), 2010

The synthesis of titanate nanotubes (TNT) which offers a very high specific surface area, high as... more The synthesis of titanate nanotubes (TNT) which offers a very high specific surface area, high aspect ratio, better electrical contact, and transport of charge carrier has attracted particular interests in creating as a new kind of nanostructure materials due to various applications of photocatalysts, high effect solar cell, gas sensor, semiconductor devices, and new generation electrodes for lithium batteries . Currently, there are developed methods for synthesis of titanate nanotubes including chemical synthesis with template, electrochemical synthesis, and alkaline hydrothermal synthesis. Among the aforementioned synthesis approaches, hydrothermal treatment received wide investigations, owing to their cost-effective, easy route to obtain nanotubes, the feasibility and availability of widespread applications .

Physica E: Low-dimensional Systems and Nanostructures, 2014

The pure ZnO and reduced graphene-oxide (rGO) incorporated composite films were synthesized by di... more The pure ZnO and reduced graphene-oxide (rGO) incorporated composite films were synthesized by dip-coating. By increasing the rGO content in composite films, the transparency and corresponding calculated band-gap of the films was a little decreased. The electrical resistivity of the samples was decreased by adding rGO. The addition of rGO regulated the sensitivity, time of response (and/or recovery) and corresponding signal to noise ratio.