Dr Deepak Rawal | Mohanlal Sukhadia University Udaipur (original) (raw)

Papers by Dr Deepak Rawal

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), 2022

Edible insects are found in different habitats such as forests, agricultural fields and aquatic e... more Edible insects are found in different habitats such as forests, agricultural fields and aquatic ecosystems. The practice of eating edible insects and insect based food is called entomophagy and when it is related to humans, it is called anthropo-entomophagy or human entomophagy. About one million insect species are reported and even more are yet to be documented. Insect origin is very old and evolution produces their great biodiversity. Out of million insect species, only about 5000 species are considered to be harmful. Anthropo-entomophagy is considered very primitive and taboo in many regions of the world especially in western countries, while in some regions it is widely accepted and important part of regular diets. It is estimated that anthropo-entomophagy is practiced by at least 2 billion people of the world. More than 2000 edible insects are reported in literatures. Edible insects are eaten in their all stages of life cycles viz. eggs, larvae, pupae and adults. Edible insects can provide good alternative and sustainable source of protein other than livestock protein.

Social Science Research Network, 2020

International Journal of Entomology Research, 2021

The objective of this study was to examine biodiversity, taxonomic identification and abundance o... more The objective of this study was to examine biodiversity, taxonomic identification and abundance of chironomid larvae in the benthic and lentic habitat of Jaisamand Lake. This study will give idea about ecology of this area because environmental and topographic factors are strongly correlated with the composition of chironomid communities and would also provide data for comparison with chironomid community present in nearby and other areas, where study on chironomids is already done or will be done. No information is available about diversity and abundance of these organisms in this defined area, so this novel study on chironomids was conducted for the first time in Jaisamand Lake. A total of four genera (viz. Chironomus, Clinotanypuus, Einfeldia and Polypedilum) were identified with dominant genus Polypedilum followed by Einfeldia, Chironomus and Clinotanypus. Genus Clinotanypus under subfamily Tanypodinae was reported for the first time in Rajathan.

Social Science Research Network, 2019

Social Science Research Network, 2018

Recently the role and impact of YouTube on higher education became more prominent and it became i... more Recently the role and impact of YouTube on higher education became more prominent and it became important tool of learning in higher education. YouTube allows users to upload, view, share, like and download videos. With the ease of internet access its use is continuously increasing specially in metropolitan areas. Nowadays many YouTubers establish themselves as Edupreneurs. With introduction of monetization of videos Edupreneurs are seeing it as a potential market. Since most YouTube videos are free and open access, revenue generation is through advertisement within the videos and other marketing strategies. Many YouTubers are orienting towards making videos related to higher education because of publicity and monetization associated with it. For some YouTubers it became easy method to express their knowledge and talent and for some it is self satisfying and to prove themselves. With introduction of MOOC's and other open online courses it became basic platform for all educators. Instead of many drawbacks, the benefits are overwhelming and YouTube learning will probably replace class room learning in near future. This study clearly shows the probability that YouTube will be a milestone in higher education in upcoming years.

International Journal of Zoological Investigations, 2021

Present study was performed to identify and confirm collected larval Chironomid up to species lev... more Present study was performed to identify and confirm collected larval Chironomid up to species level. To assess molecular taxonomy and phylogeny, DNA barcoding was done using Sanger dideoxy sequencing of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene of larval sample. Bioinformatics analysis was done by using NCBI’s BLAST software. By evidence of DNA barcoding, it was confirmed that present larval chironomid species was Chironomus circumdatus Kieffer, 1916.

International Journal of Zoological Investigations, 2021

Present study was performed for taxonomic identification, assemblage, richness, spatial distribut... more Present study was performed for taxonomic identification, assemblage, richness, spatial distribution and abundance analysis of chironomid larvae in the benthic and lentic shoreline habitat of Rajsamand Lake, India. Chironomids play an important role in shallow water aquatic ecosystems, so this study will give an idea about ecology of this area. Topographical and environmental factors are strongly correlated with the composition of chironomid communities. No information is available regarding these organisms in this defined area, so this study would provide data for comparison with chironomid community present in nearby and other ar ea, where study on chironomids is already done or will be done. This study on chironomids was conducted for the first time in Rajsamand Lake, India. Specimens were collected at seven sampling sites along shoreline of the Lake. A total of four genera (viz. Chironomus, Cryptochironomus, Einfeldia and Polypedilum) were reported. Polypedilum was the most domi...

International Journal of Advanced Scientific Research and Management, 2019

Chironomids are one of the most dominant, widespread and diverse aquatic invertebrate taxa in fre... more Chironomids are one of the most dominant, widespread and diverse aquatic invertebrate taxa in freshwater systems. Chironomids are closely related to mosquitoes (Culicidae) and biting midges (Ceratopogonidae). Chironomids are important contributors of carbon and energy flow to higher trophic levels. Bioindicators gives us an idea of the health of an ecosystem. Some organisms are very sensitive to pollution in their environment, so if pollutants are present the organism may change its morphology, physiology or behavior or it could even die. Structures of polytene chromosomes, such as the BRs and NOR, may be used as biomarkers for indication of heavy metal pollution. Aberrations (inversions, duplications, deletions, deficiencies etc.) in polytene chromosomes of Chironomids accords with environmental pollution. Chironomids show different response to stress induced by toxic agents.

International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, 2019

Mammals are vertebrates with hair and mammary glands, which produce milk for nursing their young.... more Mammals are vertebrates with hair and mammary glands, which produce milk for nursing their young. Mammals may be divided into two groups Prototheria and Theria. Prototherian are oviparous and Therian are viviparous. Theria is a subclass of mammals. It includes Eutherians (placental mammals) and metatherians (marsupial mammals). Mammals have a wide variety of skin glands, but all seem to be variations of two major glands, Sudoriferous (sweat) and Sebaceous (oil) glands. Mammary glands appear to be modified sebaceous glands. A teat is the projection from the breast or dug or udder or mammary glands of mammals. A litter is the live birth of multiple offspring at one time in animals from the same mother and usually from one set of parents. In this research we test the hypothesis of Gilbert's ''one-half rule''. According to one half-rule, the average number of young in a litter is one half the typical numbers of teats and the maximum litter size is equal to the total number of teats. To find relationship between number of teats and litter size, various examples of mammalian species are considered and a comparison and correlation was drawn. In this research we also introduced teat formula (Tf) in mammals for the first time.

International Journal of Advanced Research, 2016

, Udaisagar Lake and Ayad River at Udaipur region, India. Biodiversity analysis of Chironomids up... more , Udaisagar Lake and Ayad River at Udaipur region, India. Biodiversity analysis of Chironomids up to generic level showed that Chironomids are most diverse at Udaisagar Lake. Udaisagar provides dominant site for Chironomids. Complete dominance of Chironominae in all four sampling sites is related to their adaptability and survival in low oxygen environments due to presence of hemoglobin analog in their bodies. Genus Chironomus was found to be absent in Fatehsagar and Pichola Lake. This study also refutes the myth that every red colored larvae collected for study of polytene chromosome in this area is Chironomus.

Journal of entomology and zoology studies, 2016

A new species of genus Einfeldia Kieffer, Einfeldia pritiensis sp. n. is described and its morpho... more A new species of genus Einfeldia Kieffer, Einfeldia pritiensis sp. n. is described and its morphological descriptions and illustrations are given. Length and proportions of leg segments of male are given. Pictures and schematic diagram of wing and hypopygium of male are given. These diagnostic characteristics are important in species determination of Chironomidae.

International Journal of Entomology Research, 2022

Edible insects are found in different habitats such as forests, agricultural fields and aquatic e... more Edible insects are found in different habitats such as forests, agricultural fields and aquatic ecosystems. The practice of eating edible insects and insect based food is called entomophagy and when it is related to humans, it is called anthropo-entomophagy or human entomophagy. About one million insect species are reported and even more are yet to be documented. Insect origin is very old and evolution produces their great biodiversity. Out of million insect species, only about 5000 species are considered to be harmful. Anthropo-entomophagy is considered very primitive and taboo in many regions of the world especially in western countries, while in some regions it is widely accepted and important part of regular diets. It is estimated that anthropo-entomophagy is practiced by at least 2 billion people of the world. More than 2000 edible insects are reported in literatures. Edible insects are eaten in their all stages of life cycles viz. eggs, larvae, pupae and adults. Edible insects can provide good alternative and sustainable source of protein other than livestock protein

International Journal of Entomology Research, 2020

It is estimated that out of approximately one million recorded insect species, less than 1000 spe... more It is estimated that out of approximately one million recorded insect species, less than 1000 species are actually pests which
transmit diseases and damage crops. They are important part of food chains of many invertebrates, birds, reptiles, amphibians,
fishes and even mammals. They are also important in survival of insect pollinated flowering plants. Insects plays variety of
roles in nature like pollinators, predators of pests, parasitoids of pests, weed killers, scavengers, decomposers, soil builders,
food provider etc. insect are also useful in medicines and have aesthetic as well as scientific values. Currently beneficial
insects are widely used in integrative pest management (IPM) and integrative crop management (ICM). Out of million insect
species currently we are using only a few insect species for our benefits but I think the scope of insects in welfare of mankind
is enormous and we must look in this direction. We must think how we can get more and sustainable benefit from these
millions of insect species.

International Journal of Zoology Studies, 2016

Larval Einfeldia were collected from Udaisagar Lake, Udaipur. They were cultured in the laborator... more Larval Einfeldia were collected from Udaisagar Lake, Udaipur. They were cultured in the laboratory to assess their life cycle. Photographs and morphological descriptions of different life stages of Einfeldia were given. Larvae are red in color with well developed, non-retractile head capsule with prognathous mouthparts. The larval head capsule is dark colored sclerotized structure composed of frontoclypeal apotome. Pupal stage is short lived stage in which metamorphosis occurs. Silk secreted by larval salivary glands wrap the larva and make cocoon. Pupa hangs beneath water surface. Pupa is comma shaped with swollen cephalothorax and dorsoventrally flattened abdomen. Adults look similar to mosquitoes. Adult head is rounded with shortened non biting mouthparts. The antenna is with well-developed flagellomeres. The antenna is sexually dimorphic: male have a plumose antenna.

International Journal of Mosquito Research, 2019

More than 3000 species of mosquitoes are responsible for millions of death annually. Adult female... more More than 3000 species of mosquitoes are responsible for millions of death annually. Adult females of most species have proboscis to feed on blood of many hosts such as mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, fishes and even other arthropods. They use blood not for their own nourishments but as a source of protein for their eggs. In addition many species can ingest pathogens while biting and transmit them to host, which makes them vectors of many diseases like malaria, dengue, Chikungunya, Zika, encephalitis, yellow fever, filariasis, West Nile etc. Biocontrol agents may be predators, pathogens, parasites or competitors. Different biocontrol agents include fishes, tadpoles, lizards, cannibalistic mosquito species, dragonflies, bugs, mites, copepods, helminthes, planarians, bacteria, fungus etc. This review presents information on different biocontrol strategies used in past and present with their status and potential of use in mosquito control.

International Journal of Entomology Research, 2016

By using universal primer 911 and 912, sequencing of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (... more By using universal primer 911 and 912, sequencing of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COX1) gene of Einfeldia was carried out and got contig nucleotide sequence of 708 base pairs. After getting contig sequence, this sequencing result was run on open access NCBI BLAST software and got hits, taxonomy report, lineage report and phylogeny tree. Data shows the close relation between Einfeldia and Polypedilum.

International Journal of Entomology Research, 2020

Modern hexapod diversity represents summation of over 400 million years of high speciation rates ... more Modern hexapod diversity represents summation of over 400 million years of high speciation rates and low levels of natural
extinction. It seems that nature loves six legs. Out of the million documented species of hexapods, approx 83% are
holometabola and largest group (38%) is of Coleoptera (beetles). The gap in the hexapod fossil record is called Hexapod gap.
Their origin and evolution is highly debated because there are not enough fossils that directly connect them to the arthropods.
Only few fossils found are not enough to precisely solve the mystery of hexapod evolution. There is no doubt that ability of
flight gives them power to explore new niches and enhance their biodiversity. Origin and evolution of hexapods is somewhat
more complex than it seems. Phylogenetics is not much useful because it requires a previous database to compare things and
we does not have database of extinct hexapods. If we want to solve the enigma of hexapod evolution we must find another way
which correlate hexapod adaptations with their contemporary environments.

Malaria has troubled humans for thousands of years. Disease resembling malaria has been described... more Malaria has troubled humans for thousands of years. Disease resembling malaria has been described for more than 5000 years. Malaria is currently endemic in more than 100 tropical and subtropical countries. The etymology of malaria is derived from mal aria means bad air in medieval Italian. This is because ancient Romans thought that malaria came from fumes in the swamps. Over 25 distinct species of Plasmodium are identified for transmission of malaria in primates but only four species of Plasmodium are responsible for human malaria viz. Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium ovale, Plasmodium malariae and Plasmodium vivax. Sometimes humans may infect with Plasmodium knowlesi (also called traveler’s malaria or monkey malaria) that normally infect animals. Plasmodium knowlesi is prevalent in Southeast Asia, especially Malaysia. Out of which malaria due to Plasmodium falciparum (also called cerebral malaria) is prevalent in tropical and subtropical countries and is most fatal. By study natu...

International Journal of Zoological Investigations

Present study was performed to identify and confirm collected larval Chironomid up to species lev... more Present study was performed to identify and confirm collected larval Chironomid up to species level. To assess molecular taxonomy and phylogeny, DNA barcoding was done using Sanger dideoxy sequencing of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene of larval sample. Bioinformatics analysis was done by using NCBI's BLAST software. By evidence of DNA barcoding, it was confirmed that present larval chironomid species was Chironomus circumdatus Kieffer, 1916.

International Journal of Entomology Research , 2021

The objective of this study was to examine biodiversity, taxonomic identification and abundance o... more The objective of this study was to examine biodiversity, taxonomic identification and abundance of chironomid larvae in the benthic and lentic habitat of Jaisamand Lake. This study will give idea about ecology of this area because environmental and topographic factors are strongly correlated with the composition of chironomid communities and would also provide data for comparison with chironomid community present in nearby and other areas, where study on chironomids is already done or will be done. No information is available about diversity and abundance of these organisms in this defined area, so this novel study on chironomids was conducted for the first time in Jaisamand Lake. A total of four genera (viz. Chironomus, Clinotanypuus, Einfeldia and Polypedilum) were identified with dominant genus Polypedilum followed by Einfeldia, Chironomus and Clinotanypus. Genus Clinotanypus under subfamily Tanypodinae was reported for the first time in Rajathan.

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), 2022

Edible insects are found in different habitats such as forests, agricultural fields and aquatic e... more Edible insects are found in different habitats such as forests, agricultural fields and aquatic ecosystems. The practice of eating edible insects and insect based food is called entomophagy and when it is related to humans, it is called anthropo-entomophagy or human entomophagy. About one million insect species are reported and even more are yet to be documented. Insect origin is very old and evolution produces their great biodiversity. Out of million insect species, only about 5000 species are considered to be harmful. Anthropo-entomophagy is considered very primitive and taboo in many regions of the world especially in western countries, while in some regions it is widely accepted and important part of regular diets. It is estimated that anthropo-entomophagy is practiced by at least 2 billion people of the world. More than 2000 edible insects are reported in literatures. Edible insects are eaten in their all stages of life cycles viz. eggs, larvae, pupae and adults. Edible insects can provide good alternative and sustainable source of protein other than livestock protein.

Social Science Research Network, 2020

International Journal of Entomology Research, 2021

The objective of this study was to examine biodiversity, taxonomic identification and abundance o... more The objective of this study was to examine biodiversity, taxonomic identification and abundance of chironomid larvae in the benthic and lentic habitat of Jaisamand Lake. This study will give idea about ecology of this area because environmental and topographic factors are strongly correlated with the composition of chironomid communities and would also provide data for comparison with chironomid community present in nearby and other areas, where study on chironomids is already done or will be done. No information is available about diversity and abundance of these organisms in this defined area, so this novel study on chironomids was conducted for the first time in Jaisamand Lake. A total of four genera (viz. Chironomus, Clinotanypuus, Einfeldia and Polypedilum) were identified with dominant genus Polypedilum followed by Einfeldia, Chironomus and Clinotanypus. Genus Clinotanypus under subfamily Tanypodinae was reported for the first time in Rajathan.

Social Science Research Network, 2019

Social Science Research Network, 2018

Recently the role and impact of YouTube on higher education became more prominent and it became i... more Recently the role and impact of YouTube on higher education became more prominent and it became important tool of learning in higher education. YouTube allows users to upload, view, share, like and download videos. With the ease of internet access its use is continuously increasing specially in metropolitan areas. Nowadays many YouTubers establish themselves as Edupreneurs. With introduction of monetization of videos Edupreneurs are seeing it as a potential market. Since most YouTube videos are free and open access, revenue generation is through advertisement within the videos and other marketing strategies. Many YouTubers are orienting towards making videos related to higher education because of publicity and monetization associated with it. For some YouTubers it became easy method to express their knowledge and talent and for some it is self satisfying and to prove themselves. With introduction of MOOC's and other open online courses it became basic platform for all educators. Instead of many drawbacks, the benefits are overwhelming and YouTube learning will probably replace class room learning in near future. This study clearly shows the probability that YouTube will be a milestone in higher education in upcoming years.

International Journal of Zoological Investigations, 2021

Present study was performed to identify and confirm collected larval Chironomid up to species lev... more Present study was performed to identify and confirm collected larval Chironomid up to species level. To assess molecular taxonomy and phylogeny, DNA barcoding was done using Sanger dideoxy sequencing of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene of larval sample. Bioinformatics analysis was done by using NCBI’s BLAST software. By evidence of DNA barcoding, it was confirmed that present larval chironomid species was Chironomus circumdatus Kieffer, 1916.

International Journal of Zoological Investigations, 2021

Present study was performed for taxonomic identification, assemblage, richness, spatial distribut... more Present study was performed for taxonomic identification, assemblage, richness, spatial distribution and abundance analysis of chironomid larvae in the benthic and lentic shoreline habitat of Rajsamand Lake, India. Chironomids play an important role in shallow water aquatic ecosystems, so this study will give an idea about ecology of this area. Topographical and environmental factors are strongly correlated with the composition of chironomid communities. No information is available regarding these organisms in this defined area, so this study would provide data for comparison with chironomid community present in nearby and other ar ea, where study on chironomids is already done or will be done. This study on chironomids was conducted for the first time in Rajsamand Lake, India. Specimens were collected at seven sampling sites along shoreline of the Lake. A total of four genera (viz. Chironomus, Cryptochironomus, Einfeldia and Polypedilum) were reported. Polypedilum was the most domi...

International Journal of Advanced Scientific Research and Management, 2019

Chironomids are one of the most dominant, widespread and diverse aquatic invertebrate taxa in fre... more Chironomids are one of the most dominant, widespread and diverse aquatic invertebrate taxa in freshwater systems. Chironomids are closely related to mosquitoes (Culicidae) and biting midges (Ceratopogonidae). Chironomids are important contributors of carbon and energy flow to higher trophic levels. Bioindicators gives us an idea of the health of an ecosystem. Some organisms are very sensitive to pollution in their environment, so if pollutants are present the organism may change its morphology, physiology or behavior or it could even die. Structures of polytene chromosomes, such as the BRs and NOR, may be used as biomarkers for indication of heavy metal pollution. Aberrations (inversions, duplications, deletions, deficiencies etc.) in polytene chromosomes of Chironomids accords with environmental pollution. Chironomids show different response to stress induced by toxic agents.

International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, 2019

Mammals are vertebrates with hair and mammary glands, which produce milk for nursing their young.... more Mammals are vertebrates with hair and mammary glands, which produce milk for nursing their young. Mammals may be divided into two groups Prototheria and Theria. Prototherian are oviparous and Therian are viviparous. Theria is a subclass of mammals. It includes Eutherians (placental mammals) and metatherians (marsupial mammals). Mammals have a wide variety of skin glands, but all seem to be variations of two major glands, Sudoriferous (sweat) and Sebaceous (oil) glands. Mammary glands appear to be modified sebaceous glands. A teat is the projection from the breast or dug or udder or mammary glands of mammals. A litter is the live birth of multiple offspring at one time in animals from the same mother and usually from one set of parents. In this research we test the hypothesis of Gilbert's ''one-half rule''. According to one half-rule, the average number of young in a litter is one half the typical numbers of teats and the maximum litter size is equal to the total number of teats. To find relationship between number of teats and litter size, various examples of mammalian species are considered and a comparison and correlation was drawn. In this research we also introduced teat formula (Tf) in mammals for the first time.

International Journal of Advanced Research, 2016

, Udaisagar Lake and Ayad River at Udaipur region, India. Biodiversity analysis of Chironomids up... more , Udaisagar Lake and Ayad River at Udaipur region, India. Biodiversity analysis of Chironomids up to generic level showed that Chironomids are most diverse at Udaisagar Lake. Udaisagar provides dominant site for Chironomids. Complete dominance of Chironominae in all four sampling sites is related to their adaptability and survival in low oxygen environments due to presence of hemoglobin analog in their bodies. Genus Chironomus was found to be absent in Fatehsagar and Pichola Lake. This study also refutes the myth that every red colored larvae collected for study of polytene chromosome in this area is Chironomus.

Journal of entomology and zoology studies, 2016

A new species of genus Einfeldia Kieffer, Einfeldia pritiensis sp. n. is described and its morpho... more A new species of genus Einfeldia Kieffer, Einfeldia pritiensis sp. n. is described and its morphological descriptions and illustrations are given. Length and proportions of leg segments of male are given. Pictures and schematic diagram of wing and hypopygium of male are given. These diagnostic characteristics are important in species determination of Chironomidae.

International Journal of Entomology Research, 2022

Edible insects are found in different habitats such as forests, agricultural fields and aquatic e... more Edible insects are found in different habitats such as forests, agricultural fields and aquatic ecosystems. The practice of eating edible insects and insect based food is called entomophagy and when it is related to humans, it is called anthropo-entomophagy or human entomophagy. About one million insect species are reported and even more are yet to be documented. Insect origin is very old and evolution produces their great biodiversity. Out of million insect species, only about 5000 species are considered to be harmful. Anthropo-entomophagy is considered very primitive and taboo in many regions of the world especially in western countries, while in some regions it is widely accepted and important part of regular diets. It is estimated that anthropo-entomophagy is practiced by at least 2 billion people of the world. More than 2000 edible insects are reported in literatures. Edible insects are eaten in their all stages of life cycles viz. eggs, larvae, pupae and adults. Edible insects can provide good alternative and sustainable source of protein other than livestock protein

International Journal of Entomology Research, 2020

It is estimated that out of approximately one million recorded insect species, less than 1000 spe... more It is estimated that out of approximately one million recorded insect species, less than 1000 species are actually pests which
transmit diseases and damage crops. They are important part of food chains of many invertebrates, birds, reptiles, amphibians,
fishes and even mammals. They are also important in survival of insect pollinated flowering plants. Insects plays variety of
roles in nature like pollinators, predators of pests, parasitoids of pests, weed killers, scavengers, decomposers, soil builders,
food provider etc. insect are also useful in medicines and have aesthetic as well as scientific values. Currently beneficial
insects are widely used in integrative pest management (IPM) and integrative crop management (ICM). Out of million insect
species currently we are using only a few insect species for our benefits but I think the scope of insects in welfare of mankind
is enormous and we must look in this direction. We must think how we can get more and sustainable benefit from these
millions of insect species.

International Journal of Zoology Studies, 2016

Larval Einfeldia were collected from Udaisagar Lake, Udaipur. They were cultured in the laborator... more Larval Einfeldia were collected from Udaisagar Lake, Udaipur. They were cultured in the laboratory to assess their life cycle. Photographs and morphological descriptions of different life stages of Einfeldia were given. Larvae are red in color with well developed, non-retractile head capsule with prognathous mouthparts. The larval head capsule is dark colored sclerotized structure composed of frontoclypeal apotome. Pupal stage is short lived stage in which metamorphosis occurs. Silk secreted by larval salivary glands wrap the larva and make cocoon. Pupa hangs beneath water surface. Pupa is comma shaped with swollen cephalothorax and dorsoventrally flattened abdomen. Adults look similar to mosquitoes. Adult head is rounded with shortened non biting mouthparts. The antenna is with well-developed flagellomeres. The antenna is sexually dimorphic: male have a plumose antenna.

International Journal of Mosquito Research, 2019

More than 3000 species of mosquitoes are responsible for millions of death annually. Adult female... more More than 3000 species of mosquitoes are responsible for millions of death annually. Adult females of most species have proboscis to feed on blood of many hosts such as mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, fishes and even other arthropods. They use blood not for their own nourishments but as a source of protein for their eggs. In addition many species can ingest pathogens while biting and transmit them to host, which makes them vectors of many diseases like malaria, dengue, Chikungunya, Zika, encephalitis, yellow fever, filariasis, West Nile etc. Biocontrol agents may be predators, pathogens, parasites or competitors. Different biocontrol agents include fishes, tadpoles, lizards, cannibalistic mosquito species, dragonflies, bugs, mites, copepods, helminthes, planarians, bacteria, fungus etc. This review presents information on different biocontrol strategies used in past and present with their status and potential of use in mosquito control.

International Journal of Entomology Research, 2016

By using universal primer 911 and 912, sequencing of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (... more By using universal primer 911 and 912, sequencing of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COX1) gene of Einfeldia was carried out and got contig nucleotide sequence of 708 base pairs. After getting contig sequence, this sequencing result was run on open access NCBI BLAST software and got hits, taxonomy report, lineage report and phylogeny tree. Data shows the close relation between Einfeldia and Polypedilum.

International Journal of Entomology Research, 2020

Modern hexapod diversity represents summation of over 400 million years of high speciation rates ... more Modern hexapod diversity represents summation of over 400 million years of high speciation rates and low levels of natural
extinction. It seems that nature loves six legs. Out of the million documented species of hexapods, approx 83% are
holometabola and largest group (38%) is of Coleoptera (beetles). The gap in the hexapod fossil record is called Hexapod gap.
Their origin and evolution is highly debated because there are not enough fossils that directly connect them to the arthropods.
Only few fossils found are not enough to precisely solve the mystery of hexapod evolution. There is no doubt that ability of
flight gives them power to explore new niches and enhance their biodiversity. Origin and evolution of hexapods is somewhat
more complex than it seems. Phylogenetics is not much useful because it requires a previous database to compare things and
we does not have database of extinct hexapods. If we want to solve the enigma of hexapod evolution we must find another way
which correlate hexapod adaptations with their contemporary environments.

Malaria has troubled humans for thousands of years. Disease resembling malaria has been described... more Malaria has troubled humans for thousands of years. Disease resembling malaria has been described for more than 5000 years. Malaria is currently endemic in more than 100 tropical and subtropical countries. The etymology of malaria is derived from mal aria means bad air in medieval Italian. This is because ancient Romans thought that malaria came from fumes in the swamps. Over 25 distinct species of Plasmodium are identified for transmission of malaria in primates but only four species of Plasmodium are responsible for human malaria viz. Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium ovale, Plasmodium malariae and Plasmodium vivax. Sometimes humans may infect with Plasmodium knowlesi (also called traveler’s malaria or monkey malaria) that normally infect animals. Plasmodium knowlesi is prevalent in Southeast Asia, especially Malaysia. Out of which malaria due to Plasmodium falciparum (also called cerebral malaria) is prevalent in tropical and subtropical countries and is most fatal. By study natu...

International Journal of Zoological Investigations

Present study was performed to identify and confirm collected larval Chironomid up to species lev... more Present study was performed to identify and confirm collected larval Chironomid up to species level. To assess molecular taxonomy and phylogeny, DNA barcoding was done using Sanger dideoxy sequencing of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene of larval sample. Bioinformatics analysis was done by using NCBI's BLAST software. By evidence of DNA barcoding, it was confirmed that present larval chironomid species was Chironomus circumdatus Kieffer, 1916.

International Journal of Entomology Research , 2021

The objective of this study was to examine biodiversity, taxonomic identification and abundance o... more The objective of this study was to examine biodiversity, taxonomic identification and abundance of chironomid larvae in the benthic and lentic habitat of Jaisamand Lake. This study will give idea about ecology of this area because environmental and topographic factors are strongly correlated with the composition of chironomid communities and would also provide data for comparison with chironomid community present in nearby and other areas, where study on chironomids is already done or will be done. No information is available about diversity and abundance of these organisms in this defined area, so this novel study on chironomids was conducted for the first time in Jaisamand Lake. A total of four genera (viz. Chironomus, Clinotanypuus, Einfeldia and Polypedilum) were identified with dominant genus Polypedilum followed by Einfeldia, Chironomus and Clinotanypus. Genus Clinotanypus under subfamily Tanypodinae was reported for the first time in Rajathan.