Naila Pachani | Monash University (original) (raw)

Papers by Naila Pachani

Death is an inevitable reality of human experience. However, a deliberate desire or inclination t... more Death is an inevitable reality of human experience. However, a deliberate desire or inclination to end one’s life with the full knowledge or anticipation of its fatal result known as suicide (1) continues to draw attention from all disciplines of life from philosophy, anthropology to medicine and law. Whereas, mortality rate for many health conditions have been brought under control, suicide continues to be a grave national and global concern. Globally, near one thousand people die from suicide annually and nearly one-third of those suicides occur among young people (2). The sad state of affairs is also evident from the fact, that deaths due to suicide significantly surpass fatalities from road accidents (3).
Suicide has become the most distressing public health problem, affecting individuals, families, and societies. Suicide goes hand in hand with self-harm, a broader term referring to self-inflicted injury which may or may not have a fatal intent. Similarly, suicidal intent, suicidal ideation, suicide plans and suicide attempts—collectively are referred to as ‘suicidality’ or ‘suicidal behaviours’ in the empirical literature to cover the ever-evolving and pragmatic nature of suicide (1,9). While suicide affects people regardless of age, gender, caste and creed, studies have brought to light specific population groups to be at elevated risk for suicidal behaviours. In Australia, these include the youth, older adults and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people (3).
This paper aims at understanding the epidemiology, risk factors and impact of suicide in Australia, with a focus on the Australian youth, largely defined as individuals 12-24 years of age leading to a discussion on the effectiveness of a suicide prevention strategy targeted for the Australian youth.

Human rights violations have been among the worst events in human history in the name of scientif... more Human rights violations have been among the worst events in human history in the name of scientific research as evidenced by the Nazi experiments during World War II. Sadly, errors in ethical and responsible conduct of research are not limited to the adult population but have affected the paediatric population alike. Henry Beecher’s landmark article “Ethics and Clinical Research” pointed out to the world, for the first time, the notorious Willowbrook State School case where how this highly vulnerable population was exploited to develop a vaccine against hepatitis by deliberately infecting children with hepatitis. Such hideous instances from the past, resulted in exclusion of children from the face of medical and healthcare research for a very long time, as per the Nuremberg Code which clearly states that research is permitted only with individuals who can “exercise free power of choice”, whereas, children by default, do not have this capacity.
However, the global research community does realize that children are also a highly vulnerable group because unless we conduct research in this group, we will not be able to offer children safe and effective care to prevent and treat conditions in children and promote their health and well being. Research involving children is vital to understanding the lives of children. Literature shows that applying findings of research done in adults to children is completely inappropriate simply because children are not small adults.
This paper will discuss the most common ethical issues concerning research in children by using a hypothetical case-based approach. Followed by proposition of some recommendations based on evidence-based literature on how to address the common ethical issues involving research with children to assure quality, robust and vigorous results to be used to improve and acquaint our practices and services to this vulnerable populace accordingly.

An important area of research in today's healthcare systems is aimed at improving healthcare outc... more An important area of research in today's healthcare systems is aimed at improving healthcare outcomes of clients by providing quality nursing care. Communication in clinical handoff is one of the important aspects catered in these researches because failure in properly communicating.

Healthcare systems, around the globe, face the constant challenge to enable provision and promoti... more Healthcare systems, around the globe, face the constant challenge to enable provision and promotion of quality and safe healthcare.These outcomes can be accomplished by providing healthcare that is based on the best available evidence of the clinical practices. Emergency care setting is an area that represents an environment with high density of acutely-ill patients with life threatening conditions. Such situations imply an evident risk of spread of infections to patients or to those HCWs who care for them, and are the most common and serious cause of illness and mortality among hospitalized patients. However, infection occurrence and spread is completely preventable if infection control techniques are practiced diligently. Consequently, this paper outlines the level of knowledge, attitudes and practice that contribute in compliance towards infection control practices among emergency nursing staff. Also, it will provide evidence-based recommendations for healthcare professionals in order to promote compliance to infection control practices.

Never before in the history of mankind, has the world been bereft with disputes, communal violenc... more Never before in the history of mankind, has the world been bereft with disputes, communal violence, warfare and civil unrest as it is now. From Brussels attacks to Orlando shooting, terrorism has firmed itself in our land. Meanwhile, Palestine, Bosnia, Afghanistan, Iraq and Pakistan also continue to struggle with the havoc of terrorism. News channels are flooding with images of Syrian kids pleading for peace and citizens holding placards pleading for justice against corrupt governments. Though humanity is coming together yet we are entangled in the knots of mutual distrust and intolerance, racial and ethnic disharmony and ideological and religious differences. From the beginning of time and in every part of our world, people of different races, religions and cultures have lived side by side still people are not alike. No two human beings, no matter how closely related they maybe are exactly the same. Everyone is different, rather diverse. Diversity has been a constant feature of human existence. The notion of diversity in our world is nothing new. Neither is the human consciousness of this phenomenon something new. However, as we see it today, this notion has been made the basis for conflict rather than harmony in many cases. Diversity and pluralism have become the buzz words of 21st century. With the advent of modern technologies like the Internet combined with the processes of globalization and escalating migrations, these words have been employed so frequently that they tend to become a cliché. Some consider pluralism and diversity to be synonyms. Others tend to link it with terms like relativism, inclusiveness, tolerance, multiculturalism and many more. However, in the stream of current thought one is compelled to question that do we really understand the phenomenon of pluralism? Is it same as the concept of diversity or is it different? What is the standing of pluralism amidst all these terms and are they interchangeable in theory as well as in practice?
The archives of history contain many occasions where communities and religious groups have not only tolerated each other but have based their mutual relationships on respect and shared aims. And over the course of history, this subject has continued to attract immense scholarly attention. Many scholars, philosophers and theorists have tried to explain this mutual and peaceful co-existence and answer afore mentioned questions through frameworks as diverse as the “Melting pot”, “Ethnic stew”, “Salad Bowl”, “The mosaic” and so on.

Total word count 2032 2 ALARMING MEASLES OUTBREAK Abstract Since the invention of vaccines, weste... more Total word count 2032 2 ALARMING MEASLES OUTBREAK Abstract Since the invention of vaccines, western world has made strong hold over the spread of infectious diseases. Unfortunately, developing countries are still striving to fight against most of these diseases including measles. Measles, which is still considered to be merely a routine childhood illness, has been universally signified to bear considerable health, economic and social burden on people of endemic regions. Due to steady increase in measles cases and deaths, WHO has declared Pakistan to be on the verge of a national measles outbreak which may occur at any time. Healthcare providers particularly nurses need to be equipped with formal training in order to recognize and appropriately respond to measles. Thus, the purpose of this research paper is to highlight considerable root cause of the mounting incidence of measles in developing countries. For this purpose, a literature search was conducted related to publications between 2009 and 2013 from different research databases to identify prospective factors thought to be associated with measles outbreak by incorporating a case report analysis and to propose some practical recommendations.

Drafts by Naila Pachani

In the wake of COVID-19 and the continued challenges posed by re-emerging infectious diseases, th... more In the wake of COVID-19 and the continued challenges posed by re-emerging infectious diseases, this paper aims to examine and review the epidemiologic features, the overall response and control measures taken by the public health department and lessons that can be learnt from a case study of 2019 New York City (NYC) measles outbreak. For this purpose, a literature search was conducted via PubMed, Google Scholar, OVID Medline and Embase databases respectively. Relevant studies were picked up through keyword and text word searching for terms like “measles” “outbreak” “child and public health”, “child vaccination”, “vaccine hesitancy and refusal”, “elimination” to name a few. Articles were then studied thoroughly and included subjected to close relevance with the topic.

Talks by Naila Pachani

Besides the global pandemic, this year has witnessed a myriad of trials and tribulations that hav... more Besides the global pandemic, this year has witnessed a myriad of trials and tribulations that have defied pluralism within our global society, including social injustices, racial discrimination, gender disparities and oppression of low-income communities. These events have corresponded to furthering differences between cultures and have created barriers between global societies, bringing back notions that we thought were buried in the past. Yet, amongst the fragmenting, the Shia Ismaili Muslims community has harnessed the true ethos behind their leader's definition of pluralism, balancing a cosmopolitan ethos and accepting the diversity to tolerate, educate and make a meaningful difference. Let us learn more about how we can continue to imbibe the spirit and ethic of pluralism and inclusiveness in our daily lives.