Alexander Romanko | Moscow State University (original) (raw)
Uploads
Papers by Alexander Romanko
Cenozoic tectonic-magmatic-metallogenic events in East Iran, Middle East and also in Lesser Cauca... more Cenozoic tectonic-magmatic-metallogenic events in East Iran, Middle East and also in Lesser Caucasus (data by N.A. Imamverdiyev et al.) have some common similarities. Important geological -metallogenic +-OIL / HC correlation for the Alpine time exists (metallogeny of East Iran led by outstanding regional trio: E. Romanko, A. Houshmandzadeh, and M.A.A. Nogole-Sadat). Geological northeastern (NE) zoning and "hot" tectonics due to the African superplume activity including, probably, known delamination of lithosphere during collision of mantle lithosphere ca. 13 Ma is principal here. Intraplate alkaline-subalkaline rocks of the region studied including Quaternary real carbonatites of Hanneshin, Afghanistan were derived from enriched African superplume-related mantle sources being enriched in HFSE-Nb, Ta, Zr, Y, P, Ti. Late Cenozoic High-K calc-alkaline rocks in the Lesser Caucasus could be deal with African superplume activity too despite their subduction-related rock geochem-...
Conference volum, 2012
Mineralization studied seemingly occurs at the intersection of Uroomieh-Dokhtar magmatic belt wit... more Mineralization studied seemingly occurs at the intersection of Uroomieh-Dokhtar magmatic belt with Doruneh fault as the most important lineament in Iran. Detailed mineralogical, geochemical and geophysical investigations in the vicinity of the Talmessi Mining Area indicate that mineralization had occurred in two separate stages: first stage-fissure-filling copper sulfide mineralization associated with Eocene magmatism (veins, veinlets, stockworks). Major, trace and REE studies show that this High-K shoshonitic association is subduction related arc magmatic type. The second over imposed stage which occurred after a fairly long interval involves the formation of Ni, Co and U minerals. Vein studies show that several time reactivations of NW trending faults play an important role especially in second arsenidic stage of mineralization. Most of the high angle faults are belong to NW category. When these faults reactivated, their high-angle and, hence, small lithostatic pressure of the overlying rocks as well as existence of the pyroclastice facies of the rocksprovide the permeable pathways for ore-bearing fluids in second stage of mineralizaion. There is a clear zonation of mineral deposits in the Anarak area (Fig. 1b). From west to east, three types of Cu deposit can be distinguished: (1) Cu mineralization (with insignificant Ni, Co and As) directly associated with Eocene volcanics, (2)-Cu-Ni-Co-U) mineralization with Cu/Ni+Co ratios varying from 2 to 50, in association with volcanic rocks, albeit much reduced in thickness (including the Talmessi and Meskani deposits), and (3) Cu-Ni-Co-As mineralization with Cu/Ni+Co ratios varing from 1 to 0.02 and situated 5 to 20 km from the Eocene volcanics. A cluster of lead-zinc deposits are located in the Cretaceous carbonate rocks in the eastern part of the area. The second type of mineralization has occurred on the Eocene volcanics and far from ultrabasic rocks, but the presence of ultrabasic bodies at depth defined by geophysical investigations,can be related to the upwelling of plastic ultrabasic bodis along the axes of anticlines(now horsts) of Anarak area perpendicular to Arabian plate subduction beneath Central Iran plate. It seems that Talmessi and Meskani deposits are a combination of the first and the third mentioned deposits in which the third one is overimposed on the first after a fairly long interval.
Universal Journal of Geoscience, 2013
A satisfactory tectonic-magmatic-metallogenic correlation in the East Iran, Middle East for Alpin... more A satisfactory tectonic-magmatic-metallogenic correlation in the East Iran, Middle East for Alpine time was revealed in the region (mainly metallogeny-led by outstanding regional trio: Drs. E. Romanko, A. Houshmand-Zadeh, and M.A.A. Nogol Sadat). Geological northeastern zonation and "hot" tectonics due to the African superplume activity including probably slab delamination is revealed too. Strongly dominated rocks of calc-alkaline and shoshonite series deal with a known subduction of Arabian plate beneath the Central Iran block. Intraplate African superplume-related rocks are subalkaline-alkaline ones including Quaternary carbonatites in Hanneshin, Afghanistan. Tectonic-magmatic pair could be postulated here. General oil / hydrocarbons (HC) productivity decreasing to the north could be in an agreement with corresponding decreasing of African superplume activity too. Regional economic Cu-Au etc. metallogeny is mainly stipulated by a subduction mentioned.
International Journal of Mining Science, 2018
2. OUTLINE OF GEOLOGY General geology and tectonics were characterized in such works as follows: ... more 2. OUTLINE OF GEOLOGY General geology and tectonics were characterized in such works as follows: (Nogole-Sadat, 1985; Houshmandzadeh et al., 1986; etc. and etc., fig. 1). Two groups of magmatic rocks were revealed here by our team as: mainly Eocene shoshonitic-latitic etc. rocks of the first group (subduction-related one) and principally other rocks-Neogene-Quaternary intraplate subalkaline and alkaline ones, second group (Romanko et al., 2005).
A satisfactory tectonic-magmatic-metallogenic correlation in the East Iran, Middle East for the A... more A satisfactory tectonic-magmatic-metallogenic correlation in the East Iran, Middle East for the Alpine time was revealed in the region (mainly metallogeny – led by outstanding regional trio: Drs. E.Romanko, A.Houshmand-Zadeh, and M.A.A.Nogol Sadat). Geological northeastern zonation due to African superplume activity including probably slab delamination is revealed too. Strongly dominated rocks of calc-alkaline and shoshonite series deal with a known subduction of Arabian plate beneath the Central Iran block. Intraplate African superplume-related rocks are subalkaline – alkaline ones including Quaternary carbonatites of Hanneshin, Afghanistan. Tectonic-magmatic pair could be postulated here. General oil / hydrocarbons (HC) productivity decreasing to the north could be in an agreement with corresponding decreasing of African superplume activity too. Regional economic Cu-Au etc. metallogeny is mainly stipulated by a subduction mentioned.
International Journal of Sustainable and Green Energy, 2019
The igneous rocks, some geological specifics, and also the very melt inclusions in Late Cenozoic ... more The igneous rocks, some geological specifics, and also the very melt inclusions in Late Cenozoic rhyolites were studied in the long-lived Miocene (N1, ca. 20 Ma)-Late Quaternary (Q3?) Bazman volcano, eastern Iran. Unusual low temperature (ca. 690o C) silicate melt inclusions in quartz (Qtz) with a High/very High water content (from average 6.9 to 8.2 (up to 9.0 as a limit) wt% H2O) in the acid rocks were defined by independent methods for the first time. Whole-rock chemistry of the melts studied is similar to ones in subduction-related acid melts from different regions. Rhyolites studied sometimes have higher concentration of ore elements, similar to ones in even basites. Ore inheritance from economic porphyry-PCD (Cu-Au +-Mo) Paleogene (mainly Eocene-Pg2) mineralization and deposits in the region is proposed. Geological anomaly of the whole region is proposed by a complex analysis. This anomaly is maybe responsible for anomalous magmatism due to a known tomography data (since Paleocene (Pg1), as minimum), tectonics, metallogeny (including economic one), and maybe-hydrocarbons (HC, oil-gas) activity.
Geotectonics, 2017
⎯The paper considers the role of the lithospheric mantle and asthenosphere during the Late Cenozo... more ⎯The paper considers the role of the lithospheric mantle and asthenosphere during the Late Cenozoic collision volcanism of the Lesser Caucasus. The results of petrogeochemical studies show that the products of volcanism of the West Volcanic Zone of Armenia and the calc-alkaline andesite-dacite-rhyodacite complex of the Neogene Kelbadzhar and Karabakh plateaus were formed from an enriched source in a suprasubduction setting. Late Pliocene-Quaternary moderately alkaline and alkaline volcanic rocks of the Lesser Caucasus differ in petrogeochemistry from suprasubduction volcanic rocks. In trace element contents and patterns, they are similar to rocks formed from an enriched mantle source. Comparative analysis of the geological and geophysical data suggests the model of lithospheric slab break-off of the thickened lithosphere as the triggering mechanism for Late Cenozoic magmatism of the Lesser Caucasus.
International Journal of Mining Science, 2017
The most representative gold-containing volcanogenic deposits are known in the strata composing
Petrology, 2010
... 3 2010 PT CONDITIONS OF THE JANDAGH METAPELITIC SCHISTS 309 To Damahan Jandaq Pish Gazu Darre... more ... 3 2010 PT CONDITIONS OF THE JANDAGH METAPELITIC SCHISTS 309 To Damahan Jandaq Pish Gazu Darreh Bidan Chah Malek Farrokhi Ebrahim Abad Gravan Amir Abad Mesr Farah Zad Arusan Mohammad Abad Aeirekan Mountain Abbas Abad Khur Hosein Abad ...
Doklady Earth Sciences, 2019
Изучены включения силикатного расплава в кварцевых вкрапленниках экструзивного риолита кайнозойск... more Изучены включения силикатного расплава в кварцевых вкрапленниках экструзивного риолита кайнозойского вулкана Базман, Иран, связанного с процессом современной субдукции. Установлены низкие температуры силикатного расплава и высокие концентрации воды в нём. Микроэлементный состав расплава обнаруживает его сходство с кислыми расплавами островодужных обстановок. Ключевые слова: вулкан Базман, Иран, низкотемпературный щелочной силикатный расплав, расплавные включения, островные дуги.
We present some interesting materials on a poorly studied Neogene-(Quaternary) igneous rocks of B... more We present some interesting materials on a poorly studied Neogene-(Quaternary) igneous rocks of Baluchistan and Sistan province, east Iran. They were received by a group led by a regional specialists E. Romanko, A. Hushmanzadeh and M.A.A. Nogol Sadat. Some important features on the rock studied are as follows: mainly K-Na subalkaline rock affinity (also alkaline one too) with a middle K), not very High-Ti, not high, deep 87Sr/86Sr (ISr) = 0.7039 +/-2 (trachyandesite) and 0.7049 +/-3 (trachybasalt, both data by GIN RAS, Russia) alongside the 0.7049 on a vulcanite (Camp & Griffis, 1982), LREE-enrichment with a high LREE/HREE (La-more than 32 ppm), and a characteristical Eu/Eu* more than 1.1; up to high-1/3 of CaO and up to a high-0.45% of Sr in basic trachyandesites (meaning the real carbonatites ca 200 km to the east, Hanneshin, Afghanistan), complex correlation of some characteristical elements; then-High-Ti (rhutile, Ti-hornblende) and High-Ca phases (clinocoizite, also, Ca-rich ceolie-vayrakite is proposed), replacement of primary minerals due to a fairly strong rock-fluid interaction. NorthEast tectonic-magmatic +/-metallogenic (economic regional Cu-Au +/-Pb, Zn, poor Ag, PGE, As, Hg, Bi etc.-e.x., Anarak deposits (E.Romanko, 1984)) zonation, related to the famous subduction of Arabian plate, exists, e.x. (calc-alkaline /1/-intraplate /2/): 1: Eocene shoshonites-Paleocene-Oligocene calc-alkaline intrusives-Miocene-Recent calc-alkaline volcanic (-plutonic) rocks and 2: Paleogene? (Lut block)-Neogene subalkaline rocks-Quaternary Afghanistan carbonatites etc. Alpine compression on the moderate subductional depths up to 200 km (Trubitsin et al., 2004) in the Central Iran, at least, partly compensated, as proposed, by contemporaneous/ younger Pg?-N-Q extensional intraplate magmatism of the East Iran/ Afghanistan and nearby area.
Some New and Previous Materials on Alpine Magmatism, Tectonics, Melt and Fluid Inclusions, and Metallogeny in Eastern Iran, 2018
The Alpine tectonic-magmatic-metallogenic events in eastern Iran, Middle East and also in Lesser ... more The Alpine tectonic-magmatic-metallogenic events in eastern Iran, Middle East and also in Lesser Caucasus - mainly Late Cenozoic (by N.A. Imamverdiyev et al.) have some common similarities. Important geological – metallogenic +- OIL / HC correlation for the Alpine time exists (metallogeny of East Iran led by outstanding regional trio: E. Romanko, A. Houshmandzadeh, and M.A.A. Nogole-Sadat). Geological northeastern (NE) zoning and “hot” tectonics due to the African superplume activity including, probably, known delamination of lithosphere during collision of mantle lithosphere ca. 13 Ma is principal here. Intraplate alkaline-subalkaline rocks of the region studied including Quaternary real carbonatites of Hanneshin, Afghanistan were derived from enriched African superplume-related mantle sources being enriched in HFSE - Nb, Ta, Zr, Y, P, Ti. Late Cenozoic High-K calc-alkaline rocks in the Lesser Caucasus could be deal with African superplume activity too despite their subduction-related rock geochemistry. Important data exist about a general meridianal-close (ca. N-S) zoning of oil / hydrocarbons (HC), muds, salts etc. here. This is one of arguments in favor of deep HC input alongside to traditional HC interpretation too. Large regional economic Cu-Au porphyry etc. metallogeny deals mainly with Eocene (Pg2) shoshonite – latite series rocks formed during subduction of Arabian plate beneath the Central Iran.
Keywords: eastern Iran, Middle East, conjunction in Alpine-Himalayan mobile belt, geology, geochemistry and petrology, tectonics, magmatism, metallogeny, African superPlume, delamination, mineralogy, melt and fluid inclusions, northeastern (NE) tectonic-magmatic-metallogenic +- oil / hydrocarbons (HC) zoning.
The geological settings of deposits exploration in Turkey, Azerbaijan, Armenia and Georgia have b... more The geological settings of deposits exploration in Turkey, Azerbaijan, Armenia and Georgia have been determined in the article. Most of them can be related to the Kuroko type and they are differed by ore accumulation nature: the copper-zinc deposits formed apparently in the conditions of the deep sea basin are known in Turkey but to the east - we have only epigenetic deposits examples. Moreover, Madneuli deposit is developed in Bolnisi region. It is an example of polyformational deposit and therefore is unique. The barite deposits, barite-polymetallic veins, gold-bearing secondary quartzites and large-scale stock works of copper ores are concentrated in a confined space (known as biclinal structure on large volcano slope).
Gadabey and Alaverdi ore districts are of interest because there are copper, copper-zinc and barite-sulphide ores in the Jurassic volcanic depressions but copper-porphyry deposits - Garadag and Tekhut are known in upstanding wedge-shaped blocks limiting volcanic depressions. All deposits of Gadabey and Alaverdi ore districts including copper-porphyry are commercially important.
The solutions from which the sulphides deposited were similar to seawater according to salinity and were weakly acidic; copper-containing sulphides were formed at maximum 410-390 0C temperatures but barite-sulphide ones - at ~ 2800C. In all probability the fluid pressure didn’t exceed 200 bar in the epigenetic deposits. The stable accumulation of hydrothermal-sedimentary deposits occurred at the bottom of the sea which depth reached 2-3 km.
Apparently, the fluid boiling didn’t occur and mineral zonation in deposits being similar to modern “ore hills” can be explained by redistribution of the ore-forming components as a result of “hills” destruction, their diffusion from the lower levels up to the upper ones in the process of ores “washout” by ore-bearing fluids.
Keywords: Pontic-Lesser Caucasus arcs or paleoarcs, gold (Au)-bearing volcanogenic massive sulfides (VMS) deposits and porphyry copper (PCD) deposits, inclusions, sulfur and oxygen isotopic ratio, metallogeny, magmatism
The metapelitic schists of Jandagh or simply Jandagh metapelites can be divided into four groups ... more The metapelitic schists of Jandagh or simply Jandagh metapelites can be divided into four groups
based on mineral assemblages: (1) quartz–muscovite schists, (2) quartz–muscovite–biotite schists, (3) gar
net–muscovite–chlorite schists, and (4) garnet–muscovite–staurolite schists. The Jandagh garnet–musco
vite–chlorite schists show the first appearance of garnets. These garnets contain 58–76% almandine, 1–18%
spessartine, and 8–20% grossular. Microprobe analysing across the garnets demonstrates an increase in Mg#
from core to rim. This is a feature of the prograde metamorphism of metapelites. Wellpreserved garnet
growth zoning is a sign that metapelites were rapidly cooled and later metamorphic phases had no effect here.
The appearance of staurolite in garnetmuscovitechlorite schists signifies a beginning of the amphibolite fa
cies. The absence of zoning in staurolite suggests that its formation and growth during prograde metamor
phism occurred at a widely spaced isograde. Thermobarometric investigations show that the Jandagh
metapelites were formed within a temperature range of 400–670°C and pressures of 2.0–6.5 kbar. These re
sults are in agreement with the mineral paragenetic evidence and show the development of greenschist and
amphibolite facies in the area studied.
The mineralization seemingly occurs at the intersection of Uroomieh-Dokhtar magmatic belt with Do... more The mineralization seemingly occurs at the intersection of Uroomieh-Dokhtar magmatic belt with Doruneh fault as the most important lineament in Iran. Detailed mineralogical, geochemical and geophysical investigations in the vicinity of the Talmessi Mining Area indicate that mineralization had occurred in two separate stages: first stage-fissure-filling copper sulfide mineralization associated with Eocene magmatism (veins, veinlets, stockworks). Major, trace and REE studies show that this high K shoshonite association is subduction related arc magmatic type. The second over imposed stage which occured after a fairly long interval involves the formation of Ni, Co and U minerals. Vein studies show that several time reactivations of NW trending faults play an important role especially in second arsenidic stage of mineralization. Most of the high angle faults are belong to NW category. When these faults reactivated, their high-angle and, hence, small lithostatic pressure of the overlying rocks as well as existence of the pyroclastice facies of the rocks-provide the permeable pathways for ore-bearing fluids in second stage of mineralizaion. There is a clear zonation of mineral deposits in the Anarak area (Fig. 1b). From west to east, three types of Cu deposit can be distinguished: (1) Cu mineralization (with insignificant Ni, Co and As) directly associated with Eocene volcanics, (2)-Cu-Ni-Co-U) mineralization with Cu/Ni+Co ratios varying from 2 to 50, in association with volcanic rocks, albeit much reduced in thickness (including the Talmessi and Meskani deposits), and (3) Cu-Ni-Co-As mineralization with Cu/Ni+Co ratios varing from 1 to 0.02 and situated 5 to 20 km from the Eocene volcanics. A cluster of lead-zinc deposits are located in the Cretaceous carbonate rocks in the eastern part of the area. The second type of mineralization has occurred on the Eocene volcanics and far from ultrabasic rocks, but the presence of ultrabasic bodies at depth defined by geophysical investigations,can be related to the upwelling of plastic ultrabasic bodis along the axes of anticlines(now horsts) of Anarak area perpendicular to Arabian plate subduction beneath Central Iran plate. It seems that Talmessi and Meskani deposits are a combination of the first and the third mentioned deposits in which the third one is overimposed on the first after a fairly long interval. Introduction Of certain importance in the Anarak area (about 200 km east of Esfahan) are a few compositionally complex hydrothermal Cu-Ni-Co deposits which always attracted attention. They are often referred to in discussions concerning the five-element deposits (e.g. Badham, 1976) but their characteristics are not particularly well-known and their association and genesis are poorly understood. This work presents the results of recent geochemical and structural studies with the aim of elucidating the nature of different stages of mineralization in this area. Apart from Cu, Ni and Co the ores contain As and U and occasionally Pb, Zn, Au and Ag. All these deposits are localized in the same area under similar geological environment along the northwestern and western surroundings of Anarak-Khour massif (fig.1). The only deposits carrying copper sulfides in addition to nickel-cobalt arsenides are Talmessi and Meskani, which occur within 7 km of each other. They are genetically closely related to Tertiary magmatism in Central Iran, whereas other deposits, being localized outside volcanic structures (fig. 1-B), reveal only an indirect association with the Eocene volcano-plutonism. The deposits of Talmessi and Meskani were mined for copper and nickel until 1960. Mining was then discontinued; recently, however, exploration activities were conducted by the atomic energy organization of Iran in the course of uranium exploration. The Talmessi deposit is accessible through two main shafts and three main adits (18m, 30m and 55m). as well as three ancillary adits on the 6, 42 and 47m levels. In Meskani only the middle of the three main adits (30m, 50m and 75m) is accessible. Schurenberg (1963) dealt intensively with the microscopy of the entire mineral association. He recognized the host rocks of the deposits as dacite and andesite, and ascribed the Meskani Cu-Ni-Co mineralization to the porphyry copper type (may be due to pervasive stocwork and disseminated mineralizaion form of chalcocite). Tarkian et al.(1983) introduced the volcanic wall rocks as shoshonites and recognized two different structural controles on mineralization in the Meskani deposite.
Shakhla Abdullayeva, Baku State University, Azerbaijan, Vasif Baba-zadeh, Baku State University, ... more Shakhla Abdullayeva, Baku State University, Azerbaijan,
Vasif Baba-zadeh, Baku State University, Azerbaijan,
Sergo Kekeliya, Tbilisi State University, Al. Janelidze
Institute of Geology, Georgia,
Nazim Imamverdiyev,Baku State University, Azerbaijan,
Mamoy Mansurov, Baku State University, Azerbaijan,
Tarana Takhmazova, Baku State University, Azerbaijan,
Maren Kekeliya, Tbilisi State University, Al. Janelidze
Institute of Geology, Georgia,
Alexander Romanko, Geological Institute, Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
Abstract. Under the multi-factor models of the deposits we mean a set of informative features of near-ore space, necessary and sufficient to quantitative assessment of the prospective area with the rank of their differentiation. It should be emphasized that without knowledge of features that characterize the supra-ore, ore and under-ore areas of any genetic type of deposits, any stage prospecting of geological exploration process will fail. Obligatory condition of isolating factors (attributes) is the ability of recognizing them with modern geological, geochemical and geophysical methods. It is known that the regional metallogenic studies use ore-formation analysis which assesses the ore potential of the region (qualitative estimate) with the assistance of an abstracted image of a group of deposits (ore formation) that are similar in material composition and geological settings and that respond to certain 2496 Engineering Computations stages of the development of mobile belts. Therefore, the possibilities of ore formation analysis are limited. Large-scale studies require knowledge of specific reference objects. The latter have unique features of near-ore space, depending on the individual development of concrete blocks of the earth's crust, hosting oremagmatic systems. As grounds, on the basis of which were developed multi-factor models, were
Engineering Sciences, 2016
Sh. Abullayeva, V. Baba-zadeh, S and M Kekeliya, N.A. Imamverdiyev N., A. Romanko. Abstract. ... more Sh. Abullayeva, V. Baba-zadeh, S and M Kekeliya, N.A. Imamverdiyev N., A. Romanko.
Abstract. Genetic peculiarities, gold-containing volcanogenic deposits of the non-ferrous metals of the paleoisland-arc structures of the Lesser Caucasus and East Pontids according to gas-fluid inclusions data and isotopic investigations Abstract: The geological settings of deposits' exploration in Turkey, Azerbaijan, Armenia and Georgia have been determined in the article. Most of them can be related to the Kuroko type and they are differed by ore accumulation nature: the copper-zinc deposits formed apparently in the conditions of the deep sea basin are known in Turkey but to the east-we have only epigenetic deposits examples. Moreover Madneuli deposit is developed in Bolnisi region. It is an example of polyformational deposit and therefore is unique. The barite deposits, barite-polymetallic veins, gold-bearing secondary quartzites and large-scale stockworks of copper ores are concentrated in a confined space (known as biclinal structure on large volcano slope). Gadabey and Alaverdi ore districts are of interest because there are copper, copper-zinc and barite-sulphide ores in the Jurassic volcanic depressions but copper-porphyry deposits-Garadag and Tekhut are known in upstanding wedge-shaped blocks limiting volcanic depressions. All deposits of Gadabey and Alaverdi ore districts including copper-porphyry are commercially important. The solutions from which the sulphides deposited were similar to seawater according to salinity and were weakly acidic; copper-containing sulphides were formed at maximum 410-390 0 C temperatures but barite-sulphide ones-at ~ 280 0 C. In all probability the fluid pressure didn't exceed 200 bar in the epigenetic deposits. The stable accumulation of hydrothermal-sedimentary deposits occurred at the bottom of the sea which depth reached 2-3 km. Apparently the fluid boiling didn't occur and mineral zonation in deposits being similar to modern " ore hills " can be explained by redistribution of the ore-forming components as a result of " hills " destruction, their diffusion from the lower levels up to the upper ones in the process of ores " washout " by ore-bearing fluids.
IJISET - International Journal of Innovative Science, Engineering & Technology, Vol. 3 Issue 7, July 2016, 2016
Sh.F. Abdullayeva*, V.M. Baba-zadeh*, Sh.D. Musayev**, A.Z. Akhmedov***, N.A. Imamverdiyev*, A.E.... more Sh.F. Abdullayeva*, V.M. Baba-zadeh*, Sh.D. Musayev**, A.Z. Akhmedov***, N.A. Imamverdiyev*, A.E. Romanko****
Baku State University, Azerbaijan*
Azerbaijan International Mineral Resource Operating Company LTD**
Institute of Mineral Raw Materials of the Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of Azerbaijan***
Geological Institute, Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation****
Abstract. Material composition and technological peculiarities of new morphogenetic type of gold ore mineral raw materials of one of the prospective gold ore deposits of Azerbaijan have been studied in detail by the example of seven laboratory technological samples. Two natural types of ores have been established in Chovdar gold ore deposit: oxidized and primary sulphide that are delimited by the mixed semi-oxidized ores and have been provided for development together with oxidized ores in the future. Laboratory technological samples have been taken from core material representing different areas and types of deposit's ores. Composite samples of Chovdar (with 700 kg weight) are mixture of deposit's ores taken from various points and the occurrence depths of deposit. Other six compositions of Composite A (C1, C2, C3) and Composite B (C4, C5, C6) of the core samples, with 150 kg weigh of eachsamples , were intended to investigation of the technological features of this mineral raw materials and development of rational technological scheme of its processing. The chemical composition of ores and their total mineral composition including sulfur-containing mineral forms, mineral forms of copper, forms of separations and associations of the main ore minerals, forms of separations and associations of the precious metals have been investigated. The mineral composition of the samples' material has been studied by the QEMSCANP TM P operating system allowing determining their chemical composition and grain sizes along with quantitative assessment of the revealed mineral forms. The gold is characterized by native state with a relatively small grain size, the principal amount of which (more than 80%) is closely associated with the non-metallic minerals in the oxidized ores (Composite A). Seven grains of the native gold, six of which with size-2-8 µm, one relatively large-30 µm have been revealed in water separation products of the heavy fraction. High-grade gold is 86.6-100.0% (average 96.7%). A significant part of the discovered grains of the silver minerals (they are 16 in all, their average size-5 µm) includes in barite and is characterized as Ag-Cu alloy, native form, copper-containing minerals of silver sulfide – jalpaite Ag3CuS2 and shtromeyerite AgCuS. Nearly all these compounds as well as gold grains are closely associated and are partially covered by iron oxides. Gold in the primary sulphide ores (Composite B) is also characterized mostly by small native grains, half of them (53%) is closely associated with sulphides of iron and copper, and the rest-with light non-metallic minerals. There have been found 21 grains of gold, one of them being relatively large (61 µm) has been presented in free state, three grains have been confined and the other 17 as small inclusions (1-8 µm) have been included in pyrite and copper sulfides (chalcopyrite, chalcocite, covelline) in the gravitational concentrated product (gold " head " /gold gravity concentrate) of this sample. The native gold in the primary ores is characterized by lower quality (average Au-91,8%) than in the sample of the oxidized ores. Low-sulfide quartz gold-containing ores are characterized with minimum amount of harmful impurities (As, Sb, F, Cl and Hg, CR org R – it has been carried out by special analysis for organic carbon) at relatively high content of iron oxides.
Caspian Sea region is of fantastic worldwide importance, surely. We present some geo-materials on... more Caspian Sea region is of fantastic worldwide importance, surely. We present some geo-materials on this outstanding region (ex., Volozh, Leonov et al., 1999, 2010; Khain, Bogdanov, 2003; Golubov et al., 2008; Koronovsky et al., 2005, and many others). Works on West Baluchestan were led by outstanding regional trio - Dr. E. Romanko, Dr. A. Houshmandzadeh, and Dr. M.A.A. Nogole-Sadat. Such data could be noted after joint geo-analysis and discussions:
1. A very important northeastern (NE) tectonic-magmatic-metallogenic (by E. Romanko et al.)-Oil (HC – hydrocarbons), at least, Miocene - Recent zonation exists in the region studied. No serious doubts about African superplume (ex., known tomography by Bull, McNamara, Ritsema, 2009 etc.) - these processes relation. Such different zonation effects could be stressed as:
2. Neogene - Recent intraplate magma due to African superplume activity. Magma products are: subalkaline-alkaline igneous rocks – Ca-rich igneous rocks – up to real carbonatites of Hanneshin, Afghanistan. There are data about Sr, Ca etc. input in upper younger Caspian Sea sediments from the lower older magmatites. There is such magmatic trend as: Quaternary carbonatites, Hanneshin, Helmand block, Afghanistan – Ca-rich volcanites with Cao up to 34.9% - Ca-rich volcanites with CaO up to 10.2% - trachyandesites with CaO 7.1%, Baluchistan.
3. Oligocene-Recent calk-alkaline subduction-related magma-antipode (intrusive, extrusive and volcaniclastic rocks). Relation with African superplume is not formally necessary, but there are some data about warmer calk-alkaline rocks here, ex., fairly warm melt inclusions in them (Romanko, Prokofiev et al., 2012)
4. Decreasing of quakes activity from South to the Middle Caspian Sea, at
least (Khain, Bogdanov, 2003 etc.). Also, famous Prof V. Khain stressed HC decreasing
from Persian Gulf? To North Caspian Sea (Khain et al., 2003).
5. Oil - gas-condensate/gas zonation from the west to the east of the Caspian Sea. It could be
in relation with NE superplume activity meaning such limit as Caucasus barrier, which limits HC moving to the northeast and rotates them to the east.
6. Other HC zonation is: HC in the old rocks, since Devonian up to Paleogene - North
Caspian Sea vs. HC in Triassic-Jurassic, Paleogene rocks in the Middle Caspian Sea, and in Low Pliocene (N2) rocks - South Caspian Sea. It could be in agreement with northeastern superplume activity decreasing. Fairly rare coal – HC coexisting could be also in agreement with a long strong degassing in this geo-warm region. It could be proposed that the age of all (or most) Caspian Sea HC is similar or maybe simply one despite regularly older HC-bearing layers to the north, as said above. Also, giant HC resources in Saudi Arabia – Caspian region could be related with the very African superplume activity. Important, that new chemical data exist as: more than 500:1 for NonOrganic carbon vs organic carbon. NonOrganic oil could be close related to organic one.
7. All HC localization is in agreement with a regional general geology. No problem to explain position of a concrete HC field on the geological map. Deep/ endogenic H2 plus C from sediments give us CH4 without serious problems. Also, deep CO2 and even some CH4 could help in economic oil/gas processes.
8. There is a good correlation: structural map-HC maximum, ex. Aral Sea, West Siberia etc.
It is in agreement with a young or very young concrete HC localization despite the any
age of host rocks with these HC.
9. Joint geological-geophysical… analysis is of very importance. It could help us in HC
geology, HC mobilization etc. and even in non-HC geology. Different HC zonation in the
different regions is in agreement with a young and mobile HC.
We are very grateful to B. Golubov, D. Astafiev, M. Goncharov et al., G. Gogonenkov et al., A. Timurziev, V. Evstifeev, M. Yarlykov, M. Antipov, Yu. Volozh, Yu. Leonov et al, V. Trifonov, Yu. Malinovsky, V.V. Slavinsky, A. Kasimov, M. Heidari, M. Hosseini et al.; also - to Phil Christie, R. Tobin, H. Posamentier; and A. Ampilov, M. Ivanov†, O. Kalmykov, and A. Nikishin etc. (famous Lomonosov MSU, Moscow) for their famous worldwide HC lectures and discussion. Many cordial thanks to many geo-colleagues for discussions and great help too.
We are very grateful to regional trio - Dr. E. Romanko, Dr. A. Houshmandzadeh, and Dr. M.A.A. Nogole-Sadat; also to D. Astafiev, B. Golubov, N., M. Goncharov et al., G. Gogonenkov et al., A. Timurziev, M. Yarlikov, V. Evstifeev, M. Antipov, Yu. Volozh, Yu. Leonov et al, V. Bykadorov, V. Trifonov, Yu. Malinovsky, V.V. Slavinsky, A. Kasimov, M. Heidari, M. Hosseini; also - to Phil Christie, R. Tobin, H. Posamentier; and A. Ampilov, M. Ivanov†, O. Kalmykov, and A. Nikishin etc. (famous Lomonosov MSU, Moscow) for their famous worldwide HC lectures and discussion. Many cordial thanks to many geo-colleagues for discussions and great help too.
Cenozoic tectonic-magmatic-metallogenic events in East Iran, Middle East and also in Lesser Cauca... more Cenozoic tectonic-magmatic-metallogenic events in East Iran, Middle East and also in Lesser Caucasus (data by N.A. Imamverdiyev et al.) have some common similarities. Important geological -metallogenic +-OIL / HC correlation for the Alpine time exists (metallogeny of East Iran led by outstanding regional trio: E. Romanko, A. Houshmandzadeh, and M.A.A. Nogole-Sadat). Geological northeastern (NE) zoning and "hot" tectonics due to the African superplume activity including, probably, known delamination of lithosphere during collision of mantle lithosphere ca. 13 Ma is principal here. Intraplate alkaline-subalkaline rocks of the region studied including Quaternary real carbonatites of Hanneshin, Afghanistan were derived from enriched African superplume-related mantle sources being enriched in HFSE-Nb, Ta, Zr, Y, P, Ti. Late Cenozoic High-K calc-alkaline rocks in the Lesser Caucasus could be deal with African superplume activity too despite their subduction-related rock geochem-...
Conference volum, 2012
Mineralization studied seemingly occurs at the intersection of Uroomieh-Dokhtar magmatic belt wit... more Mineralization studied seemingly occurs at the intersection of Uroomieh-Dokhtar magmatic belt with Doruneh fault as the most important lineament in Iran. Detailed mineralogical, geochemical and geophysical investigations in the vicinity of the Talmessi Mining Area indicate that mineralization had occurred in two separate stages: first stage-fissure-filling copper sulfide mineralization associated with Eocene magmatism (veins, veinlets, stockworks). Major, trace and REE studies show that this High-K shoshonitic association is subduction related arc magmatic type. The second over imposed stage which occurred after a fairly long interval involves the formation of Ni, Co and U minerals. Vein studies show that several time reactivations of NW trending faults play an important role especially in second arsenidic stage of mineralization. Most of the high angle faults are belong to NW category. When these faults reactivated, their high-angle and, hence, small lithostatic pressure of the overlying rocks as well as existence of the pyroclastice facies of the rocksprovide the permeable pathways for ore-bearing fluids in second stage of mineralizaion. There is a clear zonation of mineral deposits in the Anarak area (Fig. 1b). From west to east, three types of Cu deposit can be distinguished: (1) Cu mineralization (with insignificant Ni, Co and As) directly associated with Eocene volcanics, (2)-Cu-Ni-Co-U) mineralization with Cu/Ni+Co ratios varying from 2 to 50, in association with volcanic rocks, albeit much reduced in thickness (including the Talmessi and Meskani deposits), and (3) Cu-Ni-Co-As mineralization with Cu/Ni+Co ratios varing from 1 to 0.02 and situated 5 to 20 km from the Eocene volcanics. A cluster of lead-zinc deposits are located in the Cretaceous carbonate rocks in the eastern part of the area. The second type of mineralization has occurred on the Eocene volcanics and far from ultrabasic rocks, but the presence of ultrabasic bodies at depth defined by geophysical investigations,can be related to the upwelling of plastic ultrabasic bodis along the axes of anticlines(now horsts) of Anarak area perpendicular to Arabian plate subduction beneath Central Iran plate. It seems that Talmessi and Meskani deposits are a combination of the first and the third mentioned deposits in which the third one is overimposed on the first after a fairly long interval.
Universal Journal of Geoscience, 2013
A satisfactory tectonic-magmatic-metallogenic correlation in the East Iran, Middle East for Alpin... more A satisfactory tectonic-magmatic-metallogenic correlation in the East Iran, Middle East for Alpine time was revealed in the region (mainly metallogeny-led by outstanding regional trio: Drs. E. Romanko, A. Houshmand-Zadeh, and M.A.A. Nogol Sadat). Geological northeastern zonation and "hot" tectonics due to the African superplume activity including probably slab delamination is revealed too. Strongly dominated rocks of calc-alkaline and shoshonite series deal with a known subduction of Arabian plate beneath the Central Iran block. Intraplate African superplume-related rocks are subalkaline-alkaline ones including Quaternary carbonatites in Hanneshin, Afghanistan. Tectonic-magmatic pair could be postulated here. General oil / hydrocarbons (HC) productivity decreasing to the north could be in an agreement with corresponding decreasing of African superplume activity too. Regional economic Cu-Au etc. metallogeny is mainly stipulated by a subduction mentioned.
International Journal of Mining Science, 2018
2. OUTLINE OF GEOLOGY General geology and tectonics were characterized in such works as follows: ... more 2. OUTLINE OF GEOLOGY General geology and tectonics were characterized in such works as follows: (Nogole-Sadat, 1985; Houshmandzadeh et al., 1986; etc. and etc., fig. 1). Two groups of magmatic rocks were revealed here by our team as: mainly Eocene shoshonitic-latitic etc. rocks of the first group (subduction-related one) and principally other rocks-Neogene-Quaternary intraplate subalkaline and alkaline ones, second group (Romanko et al., 2005).
A satisfactory tectonic-magmatic-metallogenic correlation in the East Iran, Middle East for the A... more A satisfactory tectonic-magmatic-metallogenic correlation in the East Iran, Middle East for the Alpine time was revealed in the region (mainly metallogeny – led by outstanding regional trio: Drs. E.Romanko, A.Houshmand-Zadeh, and M.A.A.Nogol Sadat). Geological northeastern zonation due to African superplume activity including probably slab delamination is revealed too. Strongly dominated rocks of calc-alkaline and shoshonite series deal with a known subduction of Arabian plate beneath the Central Iran block. Intraplate African superplume-related rocks are subalkaline – alkaline ones including Quaternary carbonatites of Hanneshin, Afghanistan. Tectonic-magmatic pair could be postulated here. General oil / hydrocarbons (HC) productivity decreasing to the north could be in an agreement with corresponding decreasing of African superplume activity too. Regional economic Cu-Au etc. metallogeny is mainly stipulated by a subduction mentioned.
International Journal of Sustainable and Green Energy, 2019
The igneous rocks, some geological specifics, and also the very melt inclusions in Late Cenozoic ... more The igneous rocks, some geological specifics, and also the very melt inclusions in Late Cenozoic rhyolites were studied in the long-lived Miocene (N1, ca. 20 Ma)-Late Quaternary (Q3?) Bazman volcano, eastern Iran. Unusual low temperature (ca. 690o C) silicate melt inclusions in quartz (Qtz) with a High/very High water content (from average 6.9 to 8.2 (up to 9.0 as a limit) wt% H2O) in the acid rocks were defined by independent methods for the first time. Whole-rock chemistry of the melts studied is similar to ones in subduction-related acid melts from different regions. Rhyolites studied sometimes have higher concentration of ore elements, similar to ones in even basites. Ore inheritance from economic porphyry-PCD (Cu-Au +-Mo) Paleogene (mainly Eocene-Pg2) mineralization and deposits in the region is proposed. Geological anomaly of the whole region is proposed by a complex analysis. This anomaly is maybe responsible for anomalous magmatism due to a known tomography data (since Paleocene (Pg1), as minimum), tectonics, metallogeny (including economic one), and maybe-hydrocarbons (HC, oil-gas) activity.
Geotectonics, 2017
⎯The paper considers the role of the lithospheric mantle and asthenosphere during the Late Cenozo... more ⎯The paper considers the role of the lithospheric mantle and asthenosphere during the Late Cenozoic collision volcanism of the Lesser Caucasus. The results of petrogeochemical studies show that the products of volcanism of the West Volcanic Zone of Armenia and the calc-alkaline andesite-dacite-rhyodacite complex of the Neogene Kelbadzhar and Karabakh plateaus were formed from an enriched source in a suprasubduction setting. Late Pliocene-Quaternary moderately alkaline and alkaline volcanic rocks of the Lesser Caucasus differ in petrogeochemistry from suprasubduction volcanic rocks. In trace element contents and patterns, they are similar to rocks formed from an enriched mantle source. Comparative analysis of the geological and geophysical data suggests the model of lithospheric slab break-off of the thickened lithosphere as the triggering mechanism for Late Cenozoic magmatism of the Lesser Caucasus.
International Journal of Mining Science, 2017
The most representative gold-containing volcanogenic deposits are known in the strata composing
Petrology, 2010
... 3 2010 PT CONDITIONS OF THE JANDAGH METAPELITIC SCHISTS 309 To Damahan Jandaq Pish Gazu Darre... more ... 3 2010 PT CONDITIONS OF THE JANDAGH METAPELITIC SCHISTS 309 To Damahan Jandaq Pish Gazu Darreh Bidan Chah Malek Farrokhi Ebrahim Abad Gravan Amir Abad Mesr Farah Zad Arusan Mohammad Abad Aeirekan Mountain Abbas Abad Khur Hosein Abad ...
Doklady Earth Sciences, 2019
Изучены включения силикатного расплава в кварцевых вкрапленниках экструзивного риолита кайнозойск... more Изучены включения силикатного расплава в кварцевых вкрапленниках экструзивного риолита кайнозойского вулкана Базман, Иран, связанного с процессом современной субдукции. Установлены низкие температуры силикатного расплава и высокие концентрации воды в нём. Микроэлементный состав расплава обнаруживает его сходство с кислыми расплавами островодужных обстановок. Ключевые слова: вулкан Базман, Иран, низкотемпературный щелочной силикатный расплав, расплавные включения, островные дуги.
We present some interesting materials on a poorly studied Neogene-(Quaternary) igneous rocks of B... more We present some interesting materials on a poorly studied Neogene-(Quaternary) igneous rocks of Baluchistan and Sistan province, east Iran. They were received by a group led by a regional specialists E. Romanko, A. Hushmanzadeh and M.A.A. Nogol Sadat. Some important features on the rock studied are as follows: mainly K-Na subalkaline rock affinity (also alkaline one too) with a middle K), not very High-Ti, not high, deep 87Sr/86Sr (ISr) = 0.7039 +/-2 (trachyandesite) and 0.7049 +/-3 (trachybasalt, both data by GIN RAS, Russia) alongside the 0.7049 on a vulcanite (Camp & Griffis, 1982), LREE-enrichment with a high LREE/HREE (La-more than 32 ppm), and a characteristical Eu/Eu* more than 1.1; up to high-1/3 of CaO and up to a high-0.45% of Sr in basic trachyandesites (meaning the real carbonatites ca 200 km to the east, Hanneshin, Afghanistan), complex correlation of some characteristical elements; then-High-Ti (rhutile, Ti-hornblende) and High-Ca phases (clinocoizite, also, Ca-rich ceolie-vayrakite is proposed), replacement of primary minerals due to a fairly strong rock-fluid interaction. NorthEast tectonic-magmatic +/-metallogenic (economic regional Cu-Au +/-Pb, Zn, poor Ag, PGE, As, Hg, Bi etc.-e.x., Anarak deposits (E.Romanko, 1984)) zonation, related to the famous subduction of Arabian plate, exists, e.x. (calc-alkaline /1/-intraplate /2/): 1: Eocene shoshonites-Paleocene-Oligocene calc-alkaline intrusives-Miocene-Recent calc-alkaline volcanic (-plutonic) rocks and 2: Paleogene? (Lut block)-Neogene subalkaline rocks-Quaternary Afghanistan carbonatites etc. Alpine compression on the moderate subductional depths up to 200 km (Trubitsin et al., 2004) in the Central Iran, at least, partly compensated, as proposed, by contemporaneous/ younger Pg?-N-Q extensional intraplate magmatism of the East Iran/ Afghanistan and nearby area.
Some New and Previous Materials on Alpine Magmatism, Tectonics, Melt and Fluid Inclusions, and Metallogeny in Eastern Iran, 2018
The Alpine tectonic-magmatic-metallogenic events in eastern Iran, Middle East and also in Lesser ... more The Alpine tectonic-magmatic-metallogenic events in eastern Iran, Middle East and also in Lesser Caucasus - mainly Late Cenozoic (by N.A. Imamverdiyev et al.) have some common similarities. Important geological – metallogenic +- OIL / HC correlation for the Alpine time exists (metallogeny of East Iran led by outstanding regional trio: E. Romanko, A. Houshmandzadeh, and M.A.A. Nogole-Sadat). Geological northeastern (NE) zoning and “hot” tectonics due to the African superplume activity including, probably, known delamination of lithosphere during collision of mantle lithosphere ca. 13 Ma is principal here. Intraplate alkaline-subalkaline rocks of the region studied including Quaternary real carbonatites of Hanneshin, Afghanistan were derived from enriched African superplume-related mantle sources being enriched in HFSE - Nb, Ta, Zr, Y, P, Ti. Late Cenozoic High-K calc-alkaline rocks in the Lesser Caucasus could be deal with African superplume activity too despite their subduction-related rock geochemistry. Important data exist about a general meridianal-close (ca. N-S) zoning of oil / hydrocarbons (HC), muds, salts etc. here. This is one of arguments in favor of deep HC input alongside to traditional HC interpretation too. Large regional economic Cu-Au porphyry etc. metallogeny deals mainly with Eocene (Pg2) shoshonite – latite series rocks formed during subduction of Arabian plate beneath the Central Iran.
Keywords: eastern Iran, Middle East, conjunction in Alpine-Himalayan mobile belt, geology, geochemistry and petrology, tectonics, magmatism, metallogeny, African superPlume, delamination, mineralogy, melt and fluid inclusions, northeastern (NE) tectonic-magmatic-metallogenic +- oil / hydrocarbons (HC) zoning.
The geological settings of deposits exploration in Turkey, Azerbaijan, Armenia and Georgia have b... more The geological settings of deposits exploration in Turkey, Azerbaijan, Armenia and Georgia have been determined in the article. Most of them can be related to the Kuroko type and they are differed by ore accumulation nature: the copper-zinc deposits formed apparently in the conditions of the deep sea basin are known in Turkey but to the east - we have only epigenetic deposits examples. Moreover, Madneuli deposit is developed in Bolnisi region. It is an example of polyformational deposit and therefore is unique. The barite deposits, barite-polymetallic veins, gold-bearing secondary quartzites and large-scale stock works of copper ores are concentrated in a confined space (known as biclinal structure on large volcano slope).
Gadabey and Alaverdi ore districts are of interest because there are copper, copper-zinc and barite-sulphide ores in the Jurassic volcanic depressions but copper-porphyry deposits - Garadag and Tekhut are known in upstanding wedge-shaped blocks limiting volcanic depressions. All deposits of Gadabey and Alaverdi ore districts including copper-porphyry are commercially important.
The solutions from which the sulphides deposited were similar to seawater according to salinity and were weakly acidic; copper-containing sulphides were formed at maximum 410-390 0C temperatures but barite-sulphide ones - at ~ 2800C. In all probability the fluid pressure didn’t exceed 200 bar in the epigenetic deposits. The stable accumulation of hydrothermal-sedimentary deposits occurred at the bottom of the sea which depth reached 2-3 km.
Apparently, the fluid boiling didn’t occur and mineral zonation in deposits being similar to modern “ore hills” can be explained by redistribution of the ore-forming components as a result of “hills” destruction, their diffusion from the lower levels up to the upper ones in the process of ores “washout” by ore-bearing fluids.
Keywords: Pontic-Lesser Caucasus arcs or paleoarcs, gold (Au)-bearing volcanogenic massive sulfides (VMS) deposits and porphyry copper (PCD) deposits, inclusions, sulfur and oxygen isotopic ratio, metallogeny, magmatism
The metapelitic schists of Jandagh or simply Jandagh metapelites can be divided into four groups ... more The metapelitic schists of Jandagh or simply Jandagh metapelites can be divided into four groups
based on mineral assemblages: (1) quartz–muscovite schists, (2) quartz–muscovite–biotite schists, (3) gar
net–muscovite–chlorite schists, and (4) garnet–muscovite–staurolite schists. The Jandagh garnet–musco
vite–chlorite schists show the first appearance of garnets. These garnets contain 58–76% almandine, 1–18%
spessartine, and 8–20% grossular. Microprobe analysing across the garnets demonstrates an increase in Mg#
from core to rim. This is a feature of the prograde metamorphism of metapelites. Wellpreserved garnet
growth zoning is a sign that metapelites were rapidly cooled and later metamorphic phases had no effect here.
The appearance of staurolite in garnetmuscovitechlorite schists signifies a beginning of the amphibolite fa
cies. The absence of zoning in staurolite suggests that its formation and growth during prograde metamor
phism occurred at a widely spaced isograde. Thermobarometric investigations show that the Jandagh
metapelites were formed within a temperature range of 400–670°C and pressures of 2.0–6.5 kbar. These re
sults are in agreement with the mineral paragenetic evidence and show the development of greenschist and
amphibolite facies in the area studied.
The mineralization seemingly occurs at the intersection of Uroomieh-Dokhtar magmatic belt with Do... more The mineralization seemingly occurs at the intersection of Uroomieh-Dokhtar magmatic belt with Doruneh fault as the most important lineament in Iran. Detailed mineralogical, geochemical and geophysical investigations in the vicinity of the Talmessi Mining Area indicate that mineralization had occurred in two separate stages: first stage-fissure-filling copper sulfide mineralization associated with Eocene magmatism (veins, veinlets, stockworks). Major, trace and REE studies show that this high K shoshonite association is subduction related arc magmatic type. The second over imposed stage which occured after a fairly long interval involves the formation of Ni, Co and U minerals. Vein studies show that several time reactivations of NW trending faults play an important role especially in second arsenidic stage of mineralization. Most of the high angle faults are belong to NW category. When these faults reactivated, their high-angle and, hence, small lithostatic pressure of the overlying rocks as well as existence of the pyroclastice facies of the rocks-provide the permeable pathways for ore-bearing fluids in second stage of mineralizaion. There is a clear zonation of mineral deposits in the Anarak area (Fig. 1b). From west to east, three types of Cu deposit can be distinguished: (1) Cu mineralization (with insignificant Ni, Co and As) directly associated with Eocene volcanics, (2)-Cu-Ni-Co-U) mineralization with Cu/Ni+Co ratios varying from 2 to 50, in association with volcanic rocks, albeit much reduced in thickness (including the Talmessi and Meskani deposits), and (3) Cu-Ni-Co-As mineralization with Cu/Ni+Co ratios varing from 1 to 0.02 and situated 5 to 20 km from the Eocene volcanics. A cluster of lead-zinc deposits are located in the Cretaceous carbonate rocks in the eastern part of the area. The second type of mineralization has occurred on the Eocene volcanics and far from ultrabasic rocks, but the presence of ultrabasic bodies at depth defined by geophysical investigations,can be related to the upwelling of plastic ultrabasic bodis along the axes of anticlines(now horsts) of Anarak area perpendicular to Arabian plate subduction beneath Central Iran plate. It seems that Talmessi and Meskani deposits are a combination of the first and the third mentioned deposits in which the third one is overimposed on the first after a fairly long interval. Introduction Of certain importance in the Anarak area (about 200 km east of Esfahan) are a few compositionally complex hydrothermal Cu-Ni-Co deposits which always attracted attention. They are often referred to in discussions concerning the five-element deposits (e.g. Badham, 1976) but their characteristics are not particularly well-known and their association and genesis are poorly understood. This work presents the results of recent geochemical and structural studies with the aim of elucidating the nature of different stages of mineralization in this area. Apart from Cu, Ni and Co the ores contain As and U and occasionally Pb, Zn, Au and Ag. All these deposits are localized in the same area under similar geological environment along the northwestern and western surroundings of Anarak-Khour massif (fig.1). The only deposits carrying copper sulfides in addition to nickel-cobalt arsenides are Talmessi and Meskani, which occur within 7 km of each other. They are genetically closely related to Tertiary magmatism in Central Iran, whereas other deposits, being localized outside volcanic structures (fig. 1-B), reveal only an indirect association with the Eocene volcano-plutonism. The deposits of Talmessi and Meskani were mined for copper and nickel until 1960. Mining was then discontinued; recently, however, exploration activities were conducted by the atomic energy organization of Iran in the course of uranium exploration. The Talmessi deposit is accessible through two main shafts and three main adits (18m, 30m and 55m). as well as three ancillary adits on the 6, 42 and 47m levels. In Meskani only the middle of the three main adits (30m, 50m and 75m) is accessible. Schurenberg (1963) dealt intensively with the microscopy of the entire mineral association. He recognized the host rocks of the deposits as dacite and andesite, and ascribed the Meskani Cu-Ni-Co mineralization to the porphyry copper type (may be due to pervasive stocwork and disseminated mineralizaion form of chalcocite). Tarkian et al.(1983) introduced the volcanic wall rocks as shoshonites and recognized two different structural controles on mineralization in the Meskani deposite.
Shakhla Abdullayeva, Baku State University, Azerbaijan, Vasif Baba-zadeh, Baku State University, ... more Shakhla Abdullayeva, Baku State University, Azerbaijan,
Vasif Baba-zadeh, Baku State University, Azerbaijan,
Sergo Kekeliya, Tbilisi State University, Al. Janelidze
Institute of Geology, Georgia,
Nazim Imamverdiyev,Baku State University, Azerbaijan,
Mamoy Mansurov, Baku State University, Azerbaijan,
Tarana Takhmazova, Baku State University, Azerbaijan,
Maren Kekeliya, Tbilisi State University, Al. Janelidze
Institute of Geology, Georgia,
Alexander Romanko, Geological Institute, Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
Abstract. Under the multi-factor models of the deposits we mean a set of informative features of near-ore space, necessary and sufficient to quantitative assessment of the prospective area with the rank of their differentiation. It should be emphasized that without knowledge of features that characterize the supra-ore, ore and under-ore areas of any genetic type of deposits, any stage prospecting of geological exploration process will fail. Obligatory condition of isolating factors (attributes) is the ability of recognizing them with modern geological, geochemical and geophysical methods. It is known that the regional metallogenic studies use ore-formation analysis which assesses the ore potential of the region (qualitative estimate) with the assistance of an abstracted image of a group of deposits (ore formation) that are similar in material composition and geological settings and that respond to certain 2496 Engineering Computations stages of the development of mobile belts. Therefore, the possibilities of ore formation analysis are limited. Large-scale studies require knowledge of specific reference objects. The latter have unique features of near-ore space, depending on the individual development of concrete blocks of the earth's crust, hosting oremagmatic systems. As grounds, on the basis of which were developed multi-factor models, were
Engineering Sciences, 2016
Sh. Abullayeva, V. Baba-zadeh, S and M Kekeliya, N.A. Imamverdiyev N., A. Romanko. Abstract. ... more Sh. Abullayeva, V. Baba-zadeh, S and M Kekeliya, N.A. Imamverdiyev N., A. Romanko.
Abstract. Genetic peculiarities, gold-containing volcanogenic deposits of the non-ferrous metals of the paleoisland-arc structures of the Lesser Caucasus and East Pontids according to gas-fluid inclusions data and isotopic investigations Abstract: The geological settings of deposits' exploration in Turkey, Azerbaijan, Armenia and Georgia have been determined in the article. Most of them can be related to the Kuroko type and they are differed by ore accumulation nature: the copper-zinc deposits formed apparently in the conditions of the deep sea basin are known in Turkey but to the east-we have only epigenetic deposits examples. Moreover Madneuli deposit is developed in Bolnisi region. It is an example of polyformational deposit and therefore is unique. The barite deposits, barite-polymetallic veins, gold-bearing secondary quartzites and large-scale stockworks of copper ores are concentrated in a confined space (known as biclinal structure on large volcano slope). Gadabey and Alaverdi ore districts are of interest because there are copper, copper-zinc and barite-sulphide ores in the Jurassic volcanic depressions but copper-porphyry deposits-Garadag and Tekhut are known in upstanding wedge-shaped blocks limiting volcanic depressions. All deposits of Gadabey and Alaverdi ore districts including copper-porphyry are commercially important. The solutions from which the sulphides deposited were similar to seawater according to salinity and were weakly acidic; copper-containing sulphides were formed at maximum 410-390 0 C temperatures but barite-sulphide ones-at ~ 280 0 C. In all probability the fluid pressure didn't exceed 200 bar in the epigenetic deposits. The stable accumulation of hydrothermal-sedimentary deposits occurred at the bottom of the sea which depth reached 2-3 km. Apparently the fluid boiling didn't occur and mineral zonation in deposits being similar to modern " ore hills " can be explained by redistribution of the ore-forming components as a result of " hills " destruction, their diffusion from the lower levels up to the upper ones in the process of ores " washout " by ore-bearing fluids.
IJISET - International Journal of Innovative Science, Engineering & Technology, Vol. 3 Issue 7, July 2016, 2016
Sh.F. Abdullayeva*, V.M. Baba-zadeh*, Sh.D. Musayev**, A.Z. Akhmedov***, N.A. Imamverdiyev*, A.E.... more Sh.F. Abdullayeva*, V.M. Baba-zadeh*, Sh.D. Musayev**, A.Z. Akhmedov***, N.A. Imamverdiyev*, A.E. Romanko****
Baku State University, Azerbaijan*
Azerbaijan International Mineral Resource Operating Company LTD**
Institute of Mineral Raw Materials of the Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of Azerbaijan***
Geological Institute, Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation****
Abstract. Material composition and technological peculiarities of new morphogenetic type of gold ore mineral raw materials of one of the prospective gold ore deposits of Azerbaijan have been studied in detail by the example of seven laboratory technological samples. Two natural types of ores have been established in Chovdar gold ore deposit: oxidized and primary sulphide that are delimited by the mixed semi-oxidized ores and have been provided for development together with oxidized ores in the future. Laboratory technological samples have been taken from core material representing different areas and types of deposit's ores. Composite samples of Chovdar (with 700 kg weight) are mixture of deposit's ores taken from various points and the occurrence depths of deposit. Other six compositions of Composite A (C1, C2, C3) and Composite B (C4, C5, C6) of the core samples, with 150 kg weigh of eachsamples , were intended to investigation of the technological features of this mineral raw materials and development of rational technological scheme of its processing. The chemical composition of ores and their total mineral composition including sulfur-containing mineral forms, mineral forms of copper, forms of separations and associations of the main ore minerals, forms of separations and associations of the precious metals have been investigated. The mineral composition of the samples' material has been studied by the QEMSCANP TM P operating system allowing determining their chemical composition and grain sizes along with quantitative assessment of the revealed mineral forms. The gold is characterized by native state with a relatively small grain size, the principal amount of which (more than 80%) is closely associated with the non-metallic minerals in the oxidized ores (Composite A). Seven grains of the native gold, six of which with size-2-8 µm, one relatively large-30 µm have been revealed in water separation products of the heavy fraction. High-grade gold is 86.6-100.0% (average 96.7%). A significant part of the discovered grains of the silver minerals (they are 16 in all, their average size-5 µm) includes in barite and is characterized as Ag-Cu alloy, native form, copper-containing minerals of silver sulfide – jalpaite Ag3CuS2 and shtromeyerite AgCuS. Nearly all these compounds as well as gold grains are closely associated and are partially covered by iron oxides. Gold in the primary sulphide ores (Composite B) is also characterized mostly by small native grains, half of them (53%) is closely associated with sulphides of iron and copper, and the rest-with light non-metallic minerals. There have been found 21 grains of gold, one of them being relatively large (61 µm) has been presented in free state, three grains have been confined and the other 17 as small inclusions (1-8 µm) have been included in pyrite and copper sulfides (chalcopyrite, chalcocite, covelline) in the gravitational concentrated product (gold " head " /gold gravity concentrate) of this sample. The native gold in the primary ores is characterized by lower quality (average Au-91,8%) than in the sample of the oxidized ores. Low-sulfide quartz gold-containing ores are characterized with minimum amount of harmful impurities (As, Sb, F, Cl and Hg, CR org R – it has been carried out by special analysis for organic carbon) at relatively high content of iron oxides.
Caspian Sea region is of fantastic worldwide importance, surely. We present some geo-materials on... more Caspian Sea region is of fantastic worldwide importance, surely. We present some geo-materials on this outstanding region (ex., Volozh, Leonov et al., 1999, 2010; Khain, Bogdanov, 2003; Golubov et al., 2008; Koronovsky et al., 2005, and many others). Works on West Baluchestan were led by outstanding regional trio - Dr. E. Romanko, Dr. A. Houshmandzadeh, and Dr. M.A.A. Nogole-Sadat. Such data could be noted after joint geo-analysis and discussions:
1. A very important northeastern (NE) tectonic-magmatic-metallogenic (by E. Romanko et al.)-Oil (HC – hydrocarbons), at least, Miocene - Recent zonation exists in the region studied. No serious doubts about African superplume (ex., known tomography by Bull, McNamara, Ritsema, 2009 etc.) - these processes relation. Such different zonation effects could be stressed as:
2. Neogene - Recent intraplate magma due to African superplume activity. Magma products are: subalkaline-alkaline igneous rocks – Ca-rich igneous rocks – up to real carbonatites of Hanneshin, Afghanistan. There are data about Sr, Ca etc. input in upper younger Caspian Sea sediments from the lower older magmatites. There is such magmatic trend as: Quaternary carbonatites, Hanneshin, Helmand block, Afghanistan – Ca-rich volcanites with Cao up to 34.9% - Ca-rich volcanites with CaO up to 10.2% - trachyandesites with CaO 7.1%, Baluchistan.
3. Oligocene-Recent calk-alkaline subduction-related magma-antipode (intrusive, extrusive and volcaniclastic rocks). Relation with African superplume is not formally necessary, but there are some data about warmer calk-alkaline rocks here, ex., fairly warm melt inclusions in them (Romanko, Prokofiev et al., 2012)
4. Decreasing of quakes activity from South to the Middle Caspian Sea, at
least (Khain, Bogdanov, 2003 etc.). Also, famous Prof V. Khain stressed HC decreasing
from Persian Gulf? To North Caspian Sea (Khain et al., 2003).
5. Oil - gas-condensate/gas zonation from the west to the east of the Caspian Sea. It could be
in relation with NE superplume activity meaning such limit as Caucasus barrier, which limits HC moving to the northeast and rotates them to the east.
6. Other HC zonation is: HC in the old rocks, since Devonian up to Paleogene - North
Caspian Sea vs. HC in Triassic-Jurassic, Paleogene rocks in the Middle Caspian Sea, and in Low Pliocene (N2) rocks - South Caspian Sea. It could be in agreement with northeastern superplume activity decreasing. Fairly rare coal – HC coexisting could be also in agreement with a long strong degassing in this geo-warm region. It could be proposed that the age of all (or most) Caspian Sea HC is similar or maybe simply one despite regularly older HC-bearing layers to the north, as said above. Also, giant HC resources in Saudi Arabia – Caspian region could be related with the very African superplume activity. Important, that new chemical data exist as: more than 500:1 for NonOrganic carbon vs organic carbon. NonOrganic oil could be close related to organic one.
7. All HC localization is in agreement with a regional general geology. No problem to explain position of a concrete HC field on the geological map. Deep/ endogenic H2 plus C from sediments give us CH4 without serious problems. Also, deep CO2 and even some CH4 could help in economic oil/gas processes.
8. There is a good correlation: structural map-HC maximum, ex. Aral Sea, West Siberia etc.
It is in agreement with a young or very young concrete HC localization despite the any
age of host rocks with these HC.
9. Joint geological-geophysical… analysis is of very importance. It could help us in HC
geology, HC mobilization etc. and even in non-HC geology. Different HC zonation in the
different regions is in agreement with a young and mobile HC.
We are very grateful to B. Golubov, D. Astafiev, M. Goncharov et al., G. Gogonenkov et al., A. Timurziev, V. Evstifeev, M. Yarlykov, M. Antipov, Yu. Volozh, Yu. Leonov et al, V. Trifonov, Yu. Malinovsky, V.V. Slavinsky, A. Kasimov, M. Heidari, M. Hosseini et al.; also - to Phil Christie, R. Tobin, H. Posamentier; and A. Ampilov, M. Ivanov†, O. Kalmykov, and A. Nikishin etc. (famous Lomonosov MSU, Moscow) for their famous worldwide HC lectures and discussion. Many cordial thanks to many geo-colleagues for discussions and great help too.
We are very grateful to regional trio - Dr. E. Romanko, Dr. A. Houshmandzadeh, and Dr. M.A.A. Nogole-Sadat; also to D. Astafiev, B. Golubov, N., M. Goncharov et al., G. Gogonenkov et al., A. Timurziev, M. Yarlikov, V. Evstifeev, M. Antipov, Yu. Volozh, Yu. Leonov et al, V. Bykadorov, V. Trifonov, Yu. Malinovsky, V.V. Slavinsky, A. Kasimov, M. Heidari, M. Hosseini; also - to Phil Christie, R. Tobin, H. Posamentier; and A. Ampilov, M. Ivanov†, O. Kalmykov, and A. Nikishin etc. (famous Lomonosov MSU, Moscow) for their famous worldwide HC lectures and discussion. Many cordial thanks to many geo-colleagues for discussions and great help too.
This paper is about role of the lithospheric mantle during the Late Cenozoic collision volcanism ... more This paper is about role of the lithospheric mantle during the Late Cenozoic collision volcanism of the Lesser Caucasus etc. The results of petrogeochemical studies show that the products of volcanism of the West Volcanic Zone of Armenia and the calc-alkaline andesite-dacite-rhyodacite complex of the Neogene Kelbadzhar and Karabakh plateaus were formed from an enriched source in a subduction-related setting. Late Pliocene-Quaternary moderately alkaline and alkaline volcanic rocks of the Lesser Caucasus differ in petrogeochemistry from subduction-related volcanic rocks. They are similar in geochemistry to rocks formed from an enriched mantle source. Comparative analysis of the geological and geophysical data suggests the model of lithospheric delamination of the thickened lithosphere as the tectonic reason for Late Cenozoic magmatism of the Lesser Caucasus.
Reports of the Academy of Sciences, 2019
The inclusions of a silicate melt were investigated in quartz (Qtz) grains of the rhyolites from ... more The inclusions of a silicate melt were investigated in quartz (Qtz) grains of the rhyolites from Bazman Cenozoic (N1-Q) volcano, Iran. Low temperatures, 690oC etc., of the silicate melt along with high/ very high, up to 8...wt% water (H20) in the melt were revealed. Chemistry of the melts studied showed a similarity to acidic melts from subduction-related settings. Rocks specifics was studuied too.
Cenozoic tectonic-magmatic-metallogenic events in East Iran, Middle East and also in Lesser Cauca... more Cenozoic tectonic-magmatic-metallogenic events in East Iran, Middle East and also in Lesser Caucasus (data by N.A. Imamverdiyev et al.) have some common similarities. Important geo-logical – metallogenic +- OIL / HC correlation for the Alpine time exists (metallogeny of East Iran led by outstanding regional trio: E. Romanko, A. Houshmandzadeh, and M.A.A. Nogole-Sadat). Geological northeastern (NE) zoning and “hot” tectonics due to the African superplume activity including, probably, known delamination of lithosphere during collision of mantle lithosphere ca. 13 Ma is principal here. Intraplate alkaline-subalkaline rocks of the region studied including Quaternary real carbonatites of Hanneshin, Afghanistan were de-rived from enriched African superplume-related mantle sources being enriched in HFSE - Nb, Ta, Zr, Y, P, Ti. Late Cenozoic High-K calc-alkaline rocks in the Lesser Caucasus could be deal with African superplume activity too despite their subduction-related rock geochem-istry. Important data exist about a general meridianal-close (ca. N-S) zoning of oil / hydro-carbons (HC), muds, salts etc. here. This is one of arguments in favor of deep HC input alongside to traditional HC interpretation too. Large regional economic Cu-Au porphyry etc. metallogeny deals mainly with Eocene (Pg2) shoshonite – latite series rocks formed during subduction of Arabian plate beneath the Central Iran.
EGU General Assembly 2024, Vienna, Austria, 14–19 Apr 2024, EGU24-20570 , 2024
Joint analysis of tectonics, magmatism, metallogeny, and hydrocarbons (HC – oil-gas) for the Sout... more Joint analysis of tectonics, magmatism, metallogeny, and hydrocarbons (HC – oil-gas) for the South Caspian - west Baluchestan, Middle East (Alpine time mainly) was made. Different anomalies and degassing here are of interest too. Specific anomalous deep regime and degassing of CH4, H2 etc. due to a giant African superPlume activity are noted too. Such points discussed as follows:
1. Alpine North-Eastern (NE) tectonic zoning exists in this region up to Present (Q4). Anomalous long-lived African superPlume activity influences on regional tectonics, related magmatism and fluid regime (Fig.). There are different anomalies in this region on gravity, hydrocarbons (HC), degassing etc.
2. Miocene – Recent (N1-Q) intraplate magmatism with: different subalkaline- alkaline rocks directly relates to superPlume mentioned. There are data about Sr, Ca etc. input in upper younger Caspian Sea sediments from the lower older magmatites. Such magmatic trend exists as: Quaternary carbonatites, Hanneshin, Helmand block (Afghanistan) - Ca-rich volcanites with CaO up to 34.8% - trachyandesites with CaO = 7.2%.
• Oligocene-Recent (Pg3-Q) calk-alkaline subduction-related rocks are as antipodes to mentioned intraplate rocks (intrusive, extrusive and volcaniclastic ones). Relation with African superplume is not formally necessary, but there are our data about warmer calk-alkaline rocks here, ex., warm melt inclusions in them with T crystallization as 1180oC.
• Decreasing of earthquakes activity from South to the Middle Caspian Sea, at
least (Khain, Bogdanov, 2003 etc.). HC resources decreasing from Persian Gulf to North Caspian Sea
• Lesser order HC zoning (west to east: oil - gas) in the S-M Caspian Sea exists. Is Great Caucasus a barrier for HC in lesser order?
• A regional tectonic - HC correlation in Iraq - South Caspian- Turkmenistan exists: more compression and oil in west of region versus less compression and gas in the east of region up to the east Turkmenistan with, however, non-deep sea conditions (transitional facies) in the latter. Moreover, unusual several times repeating of oil - gas - gas-condensate in a stratigraphic section is revealed in west Turkmenistan. Is it a result of deep fluids input too? HC behavior and zoning is not quite clear in this unique economic and geological region.
• Other HC north-south (N-S) zoning is as follows: HC in the old rocks - since Devonian up to Paleogene (D-Pg) – North Caspian Sea vs. HC in Triassic-Jurassic, Paleogene rocks in the Middle Caspian Sea, and in Low Pliocene (N2) rocks - South Caspian Sea. It could be in agreement with northeastern (NE) superplume activity decreasing. Giant HC resources in Saudi Arabia – Caspian region could be related with this hot regime. HC localizations are in agreement with a regional general geology. Surely, the oil genesis is traditional – organic one.
There is a good correlation as detailed HC structural map - HC maximum. It is in agreement with a young concrete HC localization despite the different age of host rocks. Mud volcanoes (Kholodov, 2012 etc.) – HC – Salt – magmatism - tectonics in this region studied is the one system.
Cenozoic tectonic-magmatic-metallogenic events in East Iran, Middle East and also in Lesser Cauca... more Cenozoic tectonic-magmatic-metallogenic events in East Iran, Middle East and also in Lesser Caucasus (data by N.A. Imamverdiyev et al.) have some common similarities. Important geological – metallogenic +-OIL / HC correlation for the Alpine time exists (metallogeny of East Iran led by outstanding regional trio: E. Romanko, A. Houshmandzadeh, and M.A.A. Nogole-Sadat). Geological northeastern (NE) zoning and " hot " tectonics due to the African superplume activity including, probably, known delamination of lithosphere during collision of mantle lithosphere ca. 15 Ma is principal here. Intraplate alkaline-subalkaline rocks of the region studied including Quaternary real carbonatites of Hanneshin, Afghanistan were derived from enriched mantle source being enriched in HFSE-Nb, Ta, Zr, Y, P, Ti. Late Cenozoic High-K calc-alkaline rocks in the Lesser Caucasus could be deal with African superplume activity too despite their subduction-related rock geochemistry. Important data exist about a general meridianal-close (ca. N-S) zoning of oil / hydrocarbons (HC), muds, salts etc. here. This is one of arguments in favor of deep HC input alongside to traditional HC interpretation too. Large regional economic Cu-Au porphyry etc. metallogeny deals mainly with Eocene (Pg2) shoshonite – latite series rocks formed during subduction of Arabian plate beneath the Central Iran.