Kirill Makarov | Moscow Pedagogical State University (original) (raw)

Papers by Kirill Makarov

Biology Bulletin, 2019

In four habitats of the city of Kaluga, 64 ground beetle species were found. Only 17 species have... more In four habitats of the city of Kaluga, 64 ground beetle species were found. Only 17 species have a complete demographic structure in at least one of the habitats. These species are considered residential and form a stable component in the taxocenoses studied. Only 5–9 species were resident in the habitats considered.
The labile component (migrants and sporadic species) were more diverse in all the habitats. The stable component was significantly more abundant than the labile component. Apparently, no more than half of the Carabidae species found in cities are permanent inhabitants of urban landscapes. The composition of the stable and labile components in Carabidae taxocenoses in Kaluga is more similar to that in the taxocenoses of the azonal habitats. At the same time, the urban taxocenoses of ground beetles are formed mainly by the species of the nearest zonal communities.

Зоологический журнал, 2000

Жужелицы входят в число семейств насекомых, наиболее успешно освоивших условия арктических ландша... more Жужелицы входят в число семейств насекомых, наиболее успешно освоивших условия арктических ландшафтов. Их удельный вес в фауне жесткокрылых тундры значительно выше, чем в других природных зонах. В Евразии на территории тундровой зоны отмечено около 90 видов, а вместе с лесотундрой - около 170. Потенциальный состав карабидофауны всейА рктики в самом широком смысле можно оценить в 240-300 видов, что составляет 0.6-0.8% видового богатства семейства. Число собственно арктических видов пока не поддается точному определению, в любом случае их не менее 35.
В список арктических и тяготеющих кА рктике Евразии видов включены 67 жужелиц. Северная граница распространения семейства примерно совпадает с 76° с.ш. В полярных пустынях жужелицы отсутствуют. Число видов в конкретных фаунах в пределах тундровой зоны очень жестко связано со среднеиюльской температурой. Набор жизненных форм характеризуется отсутствием специализированных типов, малым количе.ством геобионтов и относительно высокой долей эпигеобионтов. Наиболее успешно тундровые условия освоили типичные плотоядные виды, но также - некоторые способные к фитофагии политрофы. Обсуждаются особенности широтно-зонального и меридионально-секторного распределения жужелиц в тундровой зоне.

В четырех биотопах г. Калуги отмечены 64 вида жужелиц. Установлено, что для локальных популяций 1... more В четырех биотопах г. Калуги отмечены 64 вида жужелиц. Установлено, что для локальных популяций 17 видов характерна полноценная демографическая структура хотя бы в одном из изученных биотопов. Эти виды отнесены к резидентам, или стабильному компоненту таксоценов. Обнаружено, что в изученных биотопах резидентами были 5-9 видов, в составе лабильного компонента во всех биотопах преобладали спорадические виды, а по численному обилию стабильный компонент значимо преобладал над лабильным. По-видимому, не более половины видов Carabidae, отмеченных в городах, -постоянные обитатели урболандшафтов. Показано, что по композиции стабильного и лабильного компонентов таксоцены жужелиц г. Калуги сходны с таксоценами азональных ландшафтов, но сформированы преимущественно видами зональных сообществ.

The Arctic fauna of ground beetles includes 25–27 genera belonging to about 20 tribes, most of wh... more The Arctic fauna of ground beetles includes 25–27 genera belonging to about 20 tribes, most of which are represented by 1–2 genera. Many genera and taxa of the higher rank, constituting a significant part of the Holarctic fauna, are absent from Arctic. As in other insect groups, the number of Arctic species in a given taxon shows no direct relationship with the total species number in this taxon. Small genera constitute an essential part of the Arctic ground beetle fauna. A review of the species diversity of tribes and genera constituting the Arctic carabid fauna is presented. The Mountain Siberian, tundra-steppe, and intrazonal hygrophilous complexes are characterized.
The family does not contain hyperarctic forms; 2–3 euarctic, about 15 hemiarctic, and 20 hypoarctic forms can be distinguished. The general trend of increasing number of taxa from the basal part of the family’s phylogenetic scheme and number of groups and species with some primitive and plesiomorphic features is noted.

Ground beetles are a group of insects most successfully occupying tundra landscapes. Their share ... more Ground beetles are a group of insects most successfully occupying tundra landscapes. Their share in the
fauna of Coleoptera is much higher in tundra, than in other natural zones. In Eurasia, about 90 carabid species have
been recorded from tundra and about 170 from the tundra and forest-tundra combined. The potential carabid fauna
of the whole Arctic in the broadest limits is estimated to comprise 240–300 species, which constitutes 0.6–0.8% of
the total number of species in this family. The number of proper arctic species cannot be precisely determined as
yet, but it is in any case no less than 35. The list of arctic, and tending to Eurasian Arctic, ground beetles includes
67 species. The northern limit of the family distribution almost coincides with the latitude 76° N. Ground beetles
are absent from polar deserts. The number of species in local faunas within the tundra zone is closely correlated
with the average July temperature. The spectrum of life forms is characterized by the absence of specialized types,
small number of geobionts, and relatively high share of epigeobionts. Typical carnivorous and some polyphagous
species capable of phytophagy appeared to be most successful in tundra conditions. Specific features of the latitudinal
(zonal) and meridional (sectoral) distribution of carabids in the tundra zone are discussed.

Larvae of 162 species of the genus Carabus were studied using modem techniques. The general morph... more Larvae of 162 species of the genus Carabus were studied using modem techniques. The general morphology and chaetotaxy are described in detail. Principles of homologization of the sensitive structures are worked out. A key to 53 subgenera
is provided

New data on the species of Rhysodidae from Kurile Islands are given. Yamatosa niponensis (Lewis, ... more New data on the species of Rhysodidae from Kurile Islands are given. Yamatosa niponensis (Lewis, 1888) is firstly recorded from Russia.

Three new larvae, †Protonectes germanicus gen. et sp.n., †Carabilarva triassica sp.n., and †Larvu... more Three new larvae, †Protonectes germanicus gen. et sp.n., †Carabilarva triassica sp.n., and †Larvula triassica sp.n., are described from the Triassic of Germany (Coburger Sandstein, Hassberge Formation, Middle Keuper). These taxa are the earliest known larvae of the family Coptoclavidae, subfamily Caraboidea, and suborder Polyphaga, respectively. The evolutionary changes of Coptoclavidae and all Dytiscoidea and life forms of the earliest known larvae of ground beetles (in the broad sense) are discussed.

Biology Bulletin, 2019

In four habitats of the city of Kaluga, 64 ground beetle species were found. Only 17 species have... more In four habitats of the city of Kaluga, 64 ground beetle species were found. Only 17 species have a complete demographic structure in at least one of the habitats. These species are considered residential and form a stable component in the taxocenoses studied. Only 5–9 species were resident in the habitats considered.
The labile component (migrants and sporadic species) were more diverse in all the habitats. The stable component was significantly more abundant than the labile component. Apparently, no more than half of the Carabidae species found in cities are permanent inhabitants of urban landscapes. The composition of the stable and labile components in Carabidae taxocenoses in Kaluga is more similar to that in the taxocenoses of the azonal habitats. At the same time, the urban taxocenoses of ground beetles are formed mainly by the species of the nearest zonal communities.

Зоологический журнал, 2000

Жужелицы входят в число семейств насекомых, наиболее успешно освоивших условия арктических ландша... more Жужелицы входят в число семейств насекомых, наиболее успешно освоивших условия арктических ландшафтов. Их удельный вес в фауне жесткокрылых тундры значительно выше, чем в других природных зонах. В Евразии на территории тундровой зоны отмечено около 90 видов, а вместе с лесотундрой - около 170. Потенциальный состав карабидофауны всейА рктики в самом широком смысле можно оценить в 240-300 видов, что составляет 0.6-0.8% видового богатства семейства. Число собственно арктических видов пока не поддается точному определению, в любом случае их не менее 35.
В список арктических и тяготеющих кА рктике Евразии видов включены 67 жужелиц. Северная граница распространения семейства примерно совпадает с 76° с.ш. В полярных пустынях жужелицы отсутствуют. Число видов в конкретных фаунах в пределах тундровой зоны очень жестко связано со среднеиюльской температурой. Набор жизненных форм характеризуется отсутствием специализированных типов, малым количе.ством геобионтов и относительно высокой долей эпигеобионтов. Наиболее успешно тундровые условия освоили типичные плотоядные виды, но также - некоторые способные к фитофагии политрофы. Обсуждаются особенности широтно-зонального и меридионально-секторного распределения жужелиц в тундровой зоне.

В четырех биотопах г. Калуги отмечены 64 вида жужелиц. Установлено, что для локальных популяций 1... more В четырех биотопах г. Калуги отмечены 64 вида жужелиц. Установлено, что для локальных популяций 17 видов характерна полноценная демографическая структура хотя бы в одном из изученных биотопов. Эти виды отнесены к резидентам, или стабильному компоненту таксоценов. Обнаружено, что в изученных биотопах резидентами были 5-9 видов, в составе лабильного компонента во всех биотопах преобладали спорадические виды, а по численному обилию стабильный компонент значимо преобладал над лабильным. По-видимому, не более половины видов Carabidae, отмеченных в городах, -постоянные обитатели урболандшафтов. Показано, что по композиции стабильного и лабильного компонентов таксоцены жужелиц г. Калуги сходны с таксоценами азональных ландшафтов, но сформированы преимущественно видами зональных сообществ.

The Arctic fauna of ground beetles includes 25–27 genera belonging to about 20 tribes, most of wh... more The Arctic fauna of ground beetles includes 25–27 genera belonging to about 20 tribes, most of which are represented by 1–2 genera. Many genera and taxa of the higher rank, constituting a significant part of the Holarctic fauna, are absent from Arctic. As in other insect groups, the number of Arctic species in a given taxon shows no direct relationship with the total species number in this taxon. Small genera constitute an essential part of the Arctic ground beetle fauna. A review of the species diversity of tribes and genera constituting the Arctic carabid fauna is presented. The Mountain Siberian, tundra-steppe, and intrazonal hygrophilous complexes are characterized.
The family does not contain hyperarctic forms; 2–3 euarctic, about 15 hemiarctic, and 20 hypoarctic forms can be distinguished. The general trend of increasing number of taxa from the basal part of the family’s phylogenetic scheme and number of groups and species with some primitive and plesiomorphic features is noted.

Ground beetles are a group of insects most successfully occupying tundra landscapes. Their share ... more Ground beetles are a group of insects most successfully occupying tundra landscapes. Their share in the
fauna of Coleoptera is much higher in tundra, than in other natural zones. In Eurasia, about 90 carabid species have
been recorded from tundra and about 170 from the tundra and forest-tundra combined. The potential carabid fauna
of the whole Arctic in the broadest limits is estimated to comprise 240–300 species, which constitutes 0.6–0.8% of
the total number of species in this family. The number of proper arctic species cannot be precisely determined as
yet, but it is in any case no less than 35. The list of arctic, and tending to Eurasian Arctic, ground beetles includes
67 species. The northern limit of the family distribution almost coincides with the latitude 76° N. Ground beetles
are absent from polar deserts. The number of species in local faunas within the tundra zone is closely correlated
with the average July temperature. The spectrum of life forms is characterized by the absence of specialized types,
small number of geobionts, and relatively high share of epigeobionts. Typical carnivorous and some polyphagous
species capable of phytophagy appeared to be most successful in tundra conditions. Specific features of the latitudinal
(zonal) and meridional (sectoral) distribution of carabids in the tundra zone are discussed.

Larvae of 162 species of the genus Carabus were studied using modem techniques. The general morph... more Larvae of 162 species of the genus Carabus were studied using modem techniques. The general morphology and chaetotaxy are described in detail. Principles of homologization of the sensitive structures are worked out. A key to 53 subgenera
is provided

New data on the species of Rhysodidae from Kurile Islands are given. Yamatosa niponensis (Lewis, ... more New data on the species of Rhysodidae from Kurile Islands are given. Yamatosa niponensis (Lewis, 1888) is firstly recorded from Russia.

Three new larvae, †Protonectes germanicus gen. et sp.n., †Carabilarva triassica sp.n., and †Larvu... more Three new larvae, †Protonectes germanicus gen. et sp.n., †Carabilarva triassica sp.n., and †Larvula triassica sp.n., are described from the Triassic of Germany (Coburger Sandstein, Hassberge Formation, Middle Keuper). These taxa are the earliest known larvae of the family Coptoclavidae, subfamily Caraboidea, and suborder Polyphaga, respectively. The evolutionary changes of Coptoclavidae and all Dytiscoidea and life forms of the earliest known larvae of ground beetles (in the broad sense) are discussed.