Emily O'Gorman | Macquarie University (original) (raw)

Books by Emily O'Gorman

Research paper thumbnail of Wetlands in a Dry Land: More-than-human Histories of Australia's Murray-Darling Basin

University of Washington Press, 2021

Research paper thumbnail of Flood Country: An Environmental History of the Murray-Darling Basin

Flood Country brings the Murray-Darling Basin's flood history into conversation with contemporary... more Flood Country brings the Murray-Darling Basin's flood history into conversation with contemporary national debates about climate change and competing access to water for livelihoods, industries and ecosystems. It provides an important new historical perspective ...

Edited books by Emily O'Gorman

Research paper thumbnail of Eco-Cultural Networks and the British Empire: New Views on Environmental History

Research paper thumbnail of Climate, Science, and Colonization: Histories from Australia and New Zealand. Palgrave Studies in the History of Science & Technology.

Offering important new historical understandings of human responses to climate and climate change... more Offering important new historical understandings of human responses to climate and climate change, this cutting-edge volume explores the dynamic relationship between settlement, climate, and colonization. The contributions gathered here consider a wide range of interrelated topics, among them the use of scientific evidence in historical research, the physical impact of climate on agriculture and land development, and changing understandings of climate, including the development of “folk” and government meteorologies. They reveal Australasia to be a remarkably varied and fertile area for analyzing cultural responses to climate as well as the wider social ramifications of historical climatic events.

Papers by Emily O'Gorman

Research paper thumbnail of Swamplands: Human-Animal Relations in Place

Toowoomba, a city in southeastern inland Queensland, Australia, is built on swamps. The swamps ha... more Toowoomba, a city in southeastern inland Queensland, Australia, is built on swamps. The swamps have been central to the history of this city. From the midnineteenth century, European colonists sought to control and contain them as a source of disease and damaging floods while also being reliant on their aquifers for water supply. This chapter takes up one part of this history, examining the ways in which animals were entangled in colonists' relationships with the swamps as a source of disease. The first section provides background on the town being built on the swamps and engages with European colonists' views of the swamps as a changeable space and source of disease from 1840 to 1900. A range of interacting factors, pathogens, and organisms, including animals but also aquifers, vegetation, and bacteria, shaped colonists' views of the swamps and of the spread of disease in the period, the latter underpinning their efforts to control the swamps, including through drainage works. The second section focuses on a particular kind of animal, mosquitoes, examining the eradication campaigns conducted from 1900 to 1940. These insects were targeted as potential vectors of disease and underpinned further attempts to control the swamps. At the same time, the lives of mosquitoes were shaped by the actions of people in Toowoomba, who had co-created ideal breeding grounds in the swamps and then sought to eradicate these insects from the town. 1 Through this history, the persistence of initially British-led colonial imperatives to control the swamps as a source of disease and the entanglement of animals within these becomes evident. Across these periods, dominant Western scientific understandings of the relationships between animals and human disease changed significantly, from miasma to germ theory to mosquito-borne diseases. In charting these changes, this chapter draws out the roles and agency of a variety of domesticated animals and their dead bodies, and then the mosquitoes, all present in abundance in the swamps. By focusing on the swamps, this chapter also aims to show the value of situating human-animal relationships within wider sets of shifting relationships in order to more fully examine the co-creation of places by animals. The chapter draws on archival and newspaper sources and attempts to highlight evidence of non-human animal agencies within them. These sources represent particular human concerns, and colonial ideologies and power relationships

Research paper thumbnail of Wetlands in drylands: diverse perspectives for dynamic landscapes

Wetlands Ecology and Management, 2022

ecological, and social-ecological features, and as a result, they require carefully tailored rese... more ecological, and social-ecological features, and as a result, they require carefully tailored research and management strategies. The surface or near-surface expression of water in these otherwise dry and climatically-variable environments (e.g., Scoones 1991; Silvius et al. 2000) means that WiDs are considered to be hotspots of ecosystem service delivery (Tooth et al. 2015a), including provisioning services (e.g., foods, medicinal plants, building materials), regulating services (e.g., retention of soil and sediment, flood attenuation, carbon storage), supporting services (e.g., nutrient cycling, removal of toxicants) and cultural services (e.g., ecotourism, religious values). The dependence of many dryland societies on wetlands frequently results in a tension between human needs and the biophysical processes

Research paper thumbnail of Fluid Terrains: Approaches in Environmental History

Australian Historical Studies, 2021

Focusing on a particular environment, the urban wetland, this article demonstrates and examines t... more Focusing on a particular environment, the urban wetland, this article demonstrates and examines two different approaches that are emerging in Australian environmental history, and are beginning to play prominent roles in shaping the field. The first engages with postcolonial studies, and the second with more-than-human or multispecies scholarship, perspectives that respond in part to wider environmental and cultural concerns that call for more diverse and inclusive histories that reflect the complex nature of past interactions between peoples and their environments more fully. As we show, their discernibly different genealogies reflect the fluid terrain of environmental history. Here, we engage with these different approaches through two case studies of urban wetlands in settler Australia, the first in Perth, Western Australia, and the other in Toowoomba, Queensland, during the long nineteenth century. We conclude with a consideration of the implications of these genealogies and approaches for the field of environmental history.

Research paper thumbnail of Shadow waters: Making Australian water cultures visible

Transactions of the British Institute of Geographers, 2018

Connections between people and water have received considerable attention within geographic resea... more Connections between people and water have received considerable attention within geographic research. This paper draws on cultural and historical geographies, political ecology and the environmental humanities to extend understandings of the hydrosocial cycle by focusing on the cultural dimensions of society-water relations through the concept of shadow waters. Shadow waters centres attention on the cultures that privilege certain waters while rendering other waters invisible and marginalised. Inspired by Val Plumwood's notion of "shadow places," shadow waters brings to light the way power intersects with cultural practices. We bring this concept of shadow waters into conversation with Indigenous water knowledges. Shadow waters can be conceptualised vertically, with surface water receiving more policy and research attention than ground water, and also horizontally, as some sub-catchments, uses and values have been ignored or undervalued in macro-catchment processes. Temporally, in considering the past, complex and contested histories of human-environment relations are often overlooked in favour of simple historical narratives that ultimately reinforce dominant management structures and trajectories. Shadow waters are thus historically created as particular power structures and narratives are reinforced and "normalised" over time. This paper examines shadow waters in southeastern Australia, elucidating the way two rivers are interwoven and co-determined in cultures of water use in this context. We show how the rethinking of dominant water cultures, made possible by cross-cultural engagement, generates new possibilities for reconnection, restoration and protection; a different water ethics based on care and responsibility that addresses power relations and injustices.

Research paper thumbnail of More-Than-Human Histories

Environmental History, 2020

This article continues and extends a conversation between environmental history and the broader e... more This article continues and extends a conversation between environmental history and the broader environmental humanities, outlining and defining an approach to more-than-human histories. Engaging with more-than-human and multispecies approaches in a range of fields within the broader environmental humanities, we point to a nested set of commitments that shape these research agendas. More-than-human histories as articulated here take on three of these commitments in particular: co-constitution; the presencing of multiple species and multiple voices; and situated politics and ethics. These commitments offer meeting points for environmental history and the broader environmental humanities, which can bring them into closer dialogue with a range of mutual benefits as well as raising some challenges for each. The article concludes with a consideration of the methodological implications of this approach, pointing to ways in which a more-than-human approach might allow environmental histori...

Research paper thumbnail of "Teaching the Environmental Humanities International Perspectives and Practices"

Environmental Humanities 11:2, 2019

Abstract This article provides the first international overview and detailed discussion of teach... more Abstract This article provides the first international overview and detailed discussion of teaching in the environmental humanities (EH). It is divided into three parts. The first offers a series of regional overviews: where, when, and how EH teaching is taking place. This part highlights some key regional variability in the uptake of teaching in this area, emphasiz- ing important differences in cultural and pedagogical contexts. The second part is a critical engagement with some of the key challenges and opportunities that are emerging in EH teaching, centering on how the field is being defined, shared concepts and ideas, interdis- ciplinary pedagogies, and the centrality of experimental and public-facing approaches to teaching. The final part of the article offers six brief summaries of experimental pedagogies from our authorship team that aim to give a concrete sense of EH teaching in practice.

Research paper thumbnail of Imagined Ecologies: A More-than-human History of Malaria in the Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area

In eastern inland Australia, the significant redistribution of water in the Murray River system f... more In eastern inland Australia, the significant redistribution of water in the Murray River system for irrigated agriculture from the late nineteenth century created new ecological dynamics. At the same time, scientific research into mosquito-borne diseases also increased. Scientific proof of the life cycle of malaria in the late nineteenth century, and subsequent research into this and other mosquito-borne diseases, changed people's relationships with watery landscapes , including irrigation areas, as well as with mosquitoes. Wetlands were no longer just dangerous to visit but could come out into the world, onto farms, and into homes via these insects. Within these contexts, this article examines changing understandings of mosquitoes and irrigation

Research paper thumbnail of The Promises of Pests: Wildlife in Agricultural Landscapes

Research paper thumbnail of Histories of Climate, Science and Colonization in Australia and New Zealand, 1800-1945

This review article focuses on scholarship that lies at the intersection of histories of climate ... more This review article focuses on scholarship that lies at the intersection of histories of climate and British settler colonization in Australia and New Zealand. It first discusses the role of climate in their colonial histories and then developments in the field of climate history, examining similarities and differences within and between Australia and New Zealand. Next, it outlines two significant recent themes in climate history in both places: contested climate debates and perceptions , and social impacts and responses to climate. The article finishes by recommending future areas for research. Throughout, we stress the importance of local-level approaches to climate as a means of understanding past and present, popular and scientific, interpretations of climate. We also emphasize the role that imperatives of colonization have played in shaping particular kinds of climate knowledge, including in overwriting non-elite views of climate.

Research paper thumbnail of James Beattie, Emily O’Gorman and Edward Melillo, ‘Rethinking the British Empire through Eco-Cultural Networks: Materialist-Cultural Environmental History, Relational Connections and Agency’, Environment & History, 20, 4 (November, 2014): 561-575.

In this short discussion, we use examples from the British Empire to introduce the concept of eco... more In this short discussion, we use examples from the British Empire to introduce the concept of eco-cultural networks as a lens for examining interconnected, wide-ranging social and environmental processes. We present three conceptual advances that this framework offers to environmental historians: 1) a rethinking of the divisions between cultural and material approaches to environmental history; 2) an emphasis on relational connections in the making of networks; and, 3) a renewed focus on questions of agency. Each of these developments opens up new questions within environmental history and promotes engagement with work outside the field, especially with the ecological sciences and the environmental humanities.

KEYWORDS: Cultural and material environmental history, environmental historiography, environment and theory, transnational history, world environmental history, agency, networks, eco-cultural, environmental humanities, ecology, empire

Research paper thumbnail of The Pelican Slaughter of 1911: A History of Competing Values, Killing and Private Property from the Coorong, South Australia

In 1911, approximately 2000 pelicans were slaughtered on a group of islands within the Coorong la... more In 1911, approximately 2000 pelicans were slaughtered on a group of islands within the Coorong lagoon in South Australia. The islands were a favoured nesting site, and a group of people had waited until the eggs hatched to kill both adult and young birds in order to collect the maximum payout from a 1 penny bounty that had been put on the head of each pelican by the South Australian Fisheries Department. The killings prompted advocates of bird protection, particularly ornithologists, to seek security for the rookeries against future raids by leasing the islands. A range of other interests became entangled in this decision, as some ornithologists also sought to prevent local Aboriginal people from harvesting bird eggs in the area. Examining these events and their consequences, this article has two related goals. The first goal is to show the role of animals and their environments in co-shaping legal geographies. The second is to examine the contours and histories of competing ideas about protection, killing, and private property that shaped the legal geography of the Coorong.

Research paper thumbnail of Belonging

Environmental Humanities, Nov 2014

Research paper thumbnail of Rethinking the British Empire through Eco-Cultural Networks: Materialist-Cultural Environmental History, Relational Connections and Agency

In this short discussion, we use examples from the British Empire to introduce the concept of eco... more In this short discussion, we use examples from the British Empire to introduce the concept of eco-cultural networks as a lens for examining interconnected, wide-ranging social and environmental processes. We present three conceptual advances that this framework offers to environmental historians: 1) a rethinking of the divisions between cultural and material approaches to environmental history; 2) an emphasis on relational connections in the making of networks; and, 3) a renewed focus on questions of agency. Each of these developments opens up new questions within environmental history and promotes engagement with work outside the field, especially with the ecological sciences and the environmental humanities.

Research paper thumbnail of Remaking wetlands: rice fields and ducks in the Murrumbidgee River region, NSW

Rethinking Invasion Ecologies from the Environmental Humanities, Feb 24, 2014

Research paper thumbnail of Growing Rice on the Murrumbidgee River: Cultures, Politics, and Practices of Food Production and Water Use, 1900 to 2012

Journal of Australian Studies, Feb 2013

Within the context of contemporary concerns about ecological degradation and debates about water ... more Within the context of contemporary concerns about ecological degradation and debates about water use for irrigation, this article examines how and why commercial rice growing began in the Murrumbidgee River region, New South Wales. It focuses on the crop's establishment and rapid expansion from approximately 1900 to 1960 and concentrates on three events, which each significantly shaped commercial rice growing: the problems faced by the Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area during its first years of operation, the introduction of Californian varieties of rice, and World War II. This history of rice growing reveals some of the changing connections between regional, state, national, and global concerns about food and water. The analysis builds on Marnie Haig-Muir's 1996 examination of the economic forces that influenced rice growing in Wakool, located in the Murray River valley, during World War II, taking a different geographical perspective, a broader temporal view, and emphasising the importance of considering the cultural dimensions of the establishment of rice growing. It expands previous histories of water management and irrigation in Australia by examining historical agricultural publications related to rice. This history is relevant to contemporary issues around rice farming and the Murray-Darling Basin, and this article explores the ways in which the history of rice has shaped the contemporary political and physical landscape.

Research paper thumbnail of Thinking Through the Environment, Unsettling the Humanities

environmentalhumanities.org, Nov 2012

Research paper thumbnail of Wetlands in a Dry Land: More-than-human Histories of Australia's Murray-Darling Basin

University of Washington Press, 2021

Research paper thumbnail of Flood Country: An Environmental History of the Murray-Darling Basin

Flood Country brings the Murray-Darling Basin's flood history into conversation with contemporary... more Flood Country brings the Murray-Darling Basin's flood history into conversation with contemporary national debates about climate change and competing access to water for livelihoods, industries and ecosystems. It provides an important new historical perspective ...

Research paper thumbnail of Eco-Cultural Networks and the British Empire: New Views on Environmental History

Research paper thumbnail of Climate, Science, and Colonization: Histories from Australia and New Zealand. Palgrave Studies in the History of Science & Technology.

Offering important new historical understandings of human responses to climate and climate change... more Offering important new historical understandings of human responses to climate and climate change, this cutting-edge volume explores the dynamic relationship between settlement, climate, and colonization. The contributions gathered here consider a wide range of interrelated topics, among them the use of scientific evidence in historical research, the physical impact of climate on agriculture and land development, and changing understandings of climate, including the development of “folk” and government meteorologies. They reveal Australasia to be a remarkably varied and fertile area for analyzing cultural responses to climate as well as the wider social ramifications of historical climatic events.

Research paper thumbnail of Swamplands: Human-Animal Relations in Place

Toowoomba, a city in southeastern inland Queensland, Australia, is built on swamps. The swamps ha... more Toowoomba, a city in southeastern inland Queensland, Australia, is built on swamps. The swamps have been central to the history of this city. From the midnineteenth century, European colonists sought to control and contain them as a source of disease and damaging floods while also being reliant on their aquifers for water supply. This chapter takes up one part of this history, examining the ways in which animals were entangled in colonists' relationships with the swamps as a source of disease. The first section provides background on the town being built on the swamps and engages with European colonists' views of the swamps as a changeable space and source of disease from 1840 to 1900. A range of interacting factors, pathogens, and organisms, including animals but also aquifers, vegetation, and bacteria, shaped colonists' views of the swamps and of the spread of disease in the period, the latter underpinning their efforts to control the swamps, including through drainage works. The second section focuses on a particular kind of animal, mosquitoes, examining the eradication campaigns conducted from 1900 to 1940. These insects were targeted as potential vectors of disease and underpinned further attempts to control the swamps. At the same time, the lives of mosquitoes were shaped by the actions of people in Toowoomba, who had co-created ideal breeding grounds in the swamps and then sought to eradicate these insects from the town. 1 Through this history, the persistence of initially British-led colonial imperatives to control the swamps as a source of disease and the entanglement of animals within these becomes evident. Across these periods, dominant Western scientific understandings of the relationships between animals and human disease changed significantly, from miasma to germ theory to mosquito-borne diseases. In charting these changes, this chapter draws out the roles and agency of a variety of domesticated animals and their dead bodies, and then the mosquitoes, all present in abundance in the swamps. By focusing on the swamps, this chapter also aims to show the value of situating human-animal relationships within wider sets of shifting relationships in order to more fully examine the co-creation of places by animals. The chapter draws on archival and newspaper sources and attempts to highlight evidence of non-human animal agencies within them. These sources represent particular human concerns, and colonial ideologies and power relationships

Research paper thumbnail of Wetlands in drylands: diverse perspectives for dynamic landscapes

Wetlands Ecology and Management, 2022

ecological, and social-ecological features, and as a result, they require carefully tailored rese... more ecological, and social-ecological features, and as a result, they require carefully tailored research and management strategies. The surface or near-surface expression of water in these otherwise dry and climatically-variable environments (e.g., Scoones 1991; Silvius et al. 2000) means that WiDs are considered to be hotspots of ecosystem service delivery (Tooth et al. 2015a), including provisioning services (e.g., foods, medicinal plants, building materials), regulating services (e.g., retention of soil and sediment, flood attenuation, carbon storage), supporting services (e.g., nutrient cycling, removal of toxicants) and cultural services (e.g., ecotourism, religious values). The dependence of many dryland societies on wetlands frequently results in a tension between human needs and the biophysical processes

Research paper thumbnail of Fluid Terrains: Approaches in Environmental History

Australian Historical Studies, 2021

Focusing on a particular environment, the urban wetland, this article demonstrates and examines t... more Focusing on a particular environment, the urban wetland, this article demonstrates and examines two different approaches that are emerging in Australian environmental history, and are beginning to play prominent roles in shaping the field. The first engages with postcolonial studies, and the second with more-than-human or multispecies scholarship, perspectives that respond in part to wider environmental and cultural concerns that call for more diverse and inclusive histories that reflect the complex nature of past interactions between peoples and their environments more fully. As we show, their discernibly different genealogies reflect the fluid terrain of environmental history. Here, we engage with these different approaches through two case studies of urban wetlands in settler Australia, the first in Perth, Western Australia, and the other in Toowoomba, Queensland, during the long nineteenth century. We conclude with a consideration of the implications of these genealogies and approaches for the field of environmental history.

Research paper thumbnail of Shadow waters: Making Australian water cultures visible

Transactions of the British Institute of Geographers, 2018

Connections between people and water have received considerable attention within geographic resea... more Connections between people and water have received considerable attention within geographic research. This paper draws on cultural and historical geographies, political ecology and the environmental humanities to extend understandings of the hydrosocial cycle by focusing on the cultural dimensions of society-water relations through the concept of shadow waters. Shadow waters centres attention on the cultures that privilege certain waters while rendering other waters invisible and marginalised. Inspired by Val Plumwood's notion of "shadow places," shadow waters brings to light the way power intersects with cultural practices. We bring this concept of shadow waters into conversation with Indigenous water knowledges. Shadow waters can be conceptualised vertically, with surface water receiving more policy and research attention than ground water, and also horizontally, as some sub-catchments, uses and values have been ignored or undervalued in macro-catchment processes. Temporally, in considering the past, complex and contested histories of human-environment relations are often overlooked in favour of simple historical narratives that ultimately reinforce dominant management structures and trajectories. Shadow waters are thus historically created as particular power structures and narratives are reinforced and "normalised" over time. This paper examines shadow waters in southeastern Australia, elucidating the way two rivers are interwoven and co-determined in cultures of water use in this context. We show how the rethinking of dominant water cultures, made possible by cross-cultural engagement, generates new possibilities for reconnection, restoration and protection; a different water ethics based on care and responsibility that addresses power relations and injustices.

Research paper thumbnail of More-Than-Human Histories

Environmental History, 2020

This article continues and extends a conversation between environmental history and the broader e... more This article continues and extends a conversation between environmental history and the broader environmental humanities, outlining and defining an approach to more-than-human histories. Engaging with more-than-human and multispecies approaches in a range of fields within the broader environmental humanities, we point to a nested set of commitments that shape these research agendas. More-than-human histories as articulated here take on three of these commitments in particular: co-constitution; the presencing of multiple species and multiple voices; and situated politics and ethics. These commitments offer meeting points for environmental history and the broader environmental humanities, which can bring them into closer dialogue with a range of mutual benefits as well as raising some challenges for each. The article concludes with a consideration of the methodological implications of this approach, pointing to ways in which a more-than-human approach might allow environmental histori...

Research paper thumbnail of "Teaching the Environmental Humanities International Perspectives and Practices"

Environmental Humanities 11:2, 2019

Abstract This article provides the first international overview and detailed discussion of teach... more Abstract This article provides the first international overview and detailed discussion of teaching in the environmental humanities (EH). It is divided into three parts. The first offers a series of regional overviews: where, when, and how EH teaching is taking place. This part highlights some key regional variability in the uptake of teaching in this area, emphasiz- ing important differences in cultural and pedagogical contexts. The second part is a critical engagement with some of the key challenges and opportunities that are emerging in EH teaching, centering on how the field is being defined, shared concepts and ideas, interdis- ciplinary pedagogies, and the centrality of experimental and public-facing approaches to teaching. The final part of the article offers six brief summaries of experimental pedagogies from our authorship team that aim to give a concrete sense of EH teaching in practice.

Research paper thumbnail of Imagined Ecologies: A More-than-human History of Malaria in the Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area

In eastern inland Australia, the significant redistribution of water in the Murray River system f... more In eastern inland Australia, the significant redistribution of water in the Murray River system for irrigated agriculture from the late nineteenth century created new ecological dynamics. At the same time, scientific research into mosquito-borne diseases also increased. Scientific proof of the life cycle of malaria in the late nineteenth century, and subsequent research into this and other mosquito-borne diseases, changed people's relationships with watery landscapes , including irrigation areas, as well as with mosquitoes. Wetlands were no longer just dangerous to visit but could come out into the world, onto farms, and into homes via these insects. Within these contexts, this article examines changing understandings of mosquitoes and irrigation

Research paper thumbnail of The Promises of Pests: Wildlife in Agricultural Landscapes

Research paper thumbnail of Histories of Climate, Science and Colonization in Australia and New Zealand, 1800-1945

This review article focuses on scholarship that lies at the intersection of histories of climate ... more This review article focuses on scholarship that lies at the intersection of histories of climate and British settler colonization in Australia and New Zealand. It first discusses the role of climate in their colonial histories and then developments in the field of climate history, examining similarities and differences within and between Australia and New Zealand. Next, it outlines two significant recent themes in climate history in both places: contested climate debates and perceptions , and social impacts and responses to climate. The article finishes by recommending future areas for research. Throughout, we stress the importance of local-level approaches to climate as a means of understanding past and present, popular and scientific, interpretations of climate. We also emphasize the role that imperatives of colonization have played in shaping particular kinds of climate knowledge, including in overwriting non-elite views of climate.

Research paper thumbnail of James Beattie, Emily O’Gorman and Edward Melillo, ‘Rethinking the British Empire through Eco-Cultural Networks: Materialist-Cultural Environmental History, Relational Connections and Agency’, Environment & History, 20, 4 (November, 2014): 561-575.

In this short discussion, we use examples from the British Empire to introduce the concept of eco... more In this short discussion, we use examples from the British Empire to introduce the concept of eco-cultural networks as a lens for examining interconnected, wide-ranging social and environmental processes. We present three conceptual advances that this framework offers to environmental historians: 1) a rethinking of the divisions between cultural and material approaches to environmental history; 2) an emphasis on relational connections in the making of networks; and, 3) a renewed focus on questions of agency. Each of these developments opens up new questions within environmental history and promotes engagement with work outside the field, especially with the ecological sciences and the environmental humanities.

KEYWORDS: Cultural and material environmental history, environmental historiography, environment and theory, transnational history, world environmental history, agency, networks, eco-cultural, environmental humanities, ecology, empire

Research paper thumbnail of The Pelican Slaughter of 1911: A History of Competing Values, Killing and Private Property from the Coorong, South Australia

In 1911, approximately 2000 pelicans were slaughtered on a group of islands within the Coorong la... more In 1911, approximately 2000 pelicans were slaughtered on a group of islands within the Coorong lagoon in South Australia. The islands were a favoured nesting site, and a group of people had waited until the eggs hatched to kill both adult and young birds in order to collect the maximum payout from a 1 penny bounty that had been put on the head of each pelican by the South Australian Fisheries Department. The killings prompted advocates of bird protection, particularly ornithologists, to seek security for the rookeries against future raids by leasing the islands. A range of other interests became entangled in this decision, as some ornithologists also sought to prevent local Aboriginal people from harvesting bird eggs in the area. Examining these events and their consequences, this article has two related goals. The first goal is to show the role of animals and their environments in co-shaping legal geographies. The second is to examine the contours and histories of competing ideas about protection, killing, and private property that shaped the legal geography of the Coorong.

Research paper thumbnail of Belonging

Environmental Humanities, Nov 2014

Research paper thumbnail of Rethinking the British Empire through Eco-Cultural Networks: Materialist-Cultural Environmental History, Relational Connections and Agency

In this short discussion, we use examples from the British Empire to introduce the concept of eco... more In this short discussion, we use examples from the British Empire to introduce the concept of eco-cultural networks as a lens for examining interconnected, wide-ranging social and environmental processes. We present three conceptual advances that this framework offers to environmental historians: 1) a rethinking of the divisions between cultural and material approaches to environmental history; 2) an emphasis on relational connections in the making of networks; and, 3) a renewed focus on questions of agency. Each of these developments opens up new questions within environmental history and promotes engagement with work outside the field, especially with the ecological sciences and the environmental humanities.

Research paper thumbnail of Remaking wetlands: rice fields and ducks in the Murrumbidgee River region, NSW

Rethinking Invasion Ecologies from the Environmental Humanities, Feb 24, 2014

Research paper thumbnail of Growing Rice on the Murrumbidgee River: Cultures, Politics, and Practices of Food Production and Water Use, 1900 to 2012

Journal of Australian Studies, Feb 2013

Within the context of contemporary concerns about ecological degradation and debates about water ... more Within the context of contemporary concerns about ecological degradation and debates about water use for irrigation, this article examines how and why commercial rice growing began in the Murrumbidgee River region, New South Wales. It focuses on the crop's establishment and rapid expansion from approximately 1900 to 1960 and concentrates on three events, which each significantly shaped commercial rice growing: the problems faced by the Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area during its first years of operation, the introduction of Californian varieties of rice, and World War II. This history of rice growing reveals some of the changing connections between regional, state, national, and global concerns about food and water. The analysis builds on Marnie Haig-Muir's 1996 examination of the economic forces that influenced rice growing in Wakool, located in the Murray River valley, during World War II, taking a different geographical perspective, a broader temporal view, and emphasising the importance of considering the cultural dimensions of the establishment of rice growing. It expands previous histories of water management and irrigation in Australia by examining historical agricultural publications related to rice. This history is relevant to contemporary issues around rice farming and the Murray-Darling Basin, and this article explores the ways in which the history of rice has shaped the contemporary political and physical landscape.

Research paper thumbnail of Thinking Through the Environment, Unsettling the Humanities

environmentalhumanities.org, Nov 2012

Research paper thumbnail of Local Knowledge and the State: The 1990 Floods in Cunnamulla, Queensland, Australia

Environmental History, Jul 1, 2012

Research paper thumbnail of Unnatural river, unnatural floods? Regulation and responsibility on the Murray River in the 1950s

I have read the reports in your newspaper of the recent ooding', wrote Geo L. Harrison, Executive... more I have read the reports in your newspaper of the recent ooding', wrote Geo L. Harrison, Executive Engineer of the River Murray Commission (RMC), to the Border Morning Mail in 1958 ('Flood Control' pt. 2). '[A]nd', he continued, 'because of reported inaccurate statements regarding this ood and some misconceptions regarding oods generally, I feel that the following facts should be placed on record'. Harrison was responding to claims by farmers that the Hume Dam, operated by the Commission, had caused recent oods on the Murray River. He denied that water releases had exacerbated oods for those below the dam: 'statements that the gates were raised, allowing large volumes of water to escape, or that it was a "man-made" ood, are inaccurate as no stored water was released'. He argued that oods had occurred 'from time immemorial', and that when river ow was 'too large to be contained in the channel it spreads over its own oodplain'. He criticised negative press reports that 'abuse the river (or some convenient authority) for the destruction it has wrought' ('Flood Control' pt. 2). Harrison's position was that oods were 'natural' occurrences, dams and o cials should not be blamed; but they were.

Research paper thumbnail of Colonial Meteorologists and Australia's Variable Weather

University of Queensland Historical Proceedings, 2005

Research paper thumbnail of A review of Libby Robin's How a Continent Created a Nation

If you drive along a certain street in Canberra you come to cross-roads. To the right is a street... more If you drive along a certain street in Canberra you come to cross-roads. To the right is a street lined by eucalypts. To the left, one hemmed in English oak. The adjacent roads present an alluring contrast. One street celebrates the beauty and practicality of Australian trees in the ...

Research paper thumbnail of Fresh Water edited by Emily Potter, Alison Mackinnon, Stephen McKenzie and Jennifer McKay

The editors and authors of Fresh Water: New Perspectives on Water in Australia write straight int... more The editors and authors of Fresh Water: New Perspectives on Water in Australia write straight into one of the most discussed and contentious issues of our time: fresh water. The book is an edited collection of eighteen essays, by twenty-seven authors from around ...