Vishwajit Chavda | Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda (original) (raw)
Greetings, I am Dr. Vishwajit Chavda, completed Ph.D. from the Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Technology and Engineering, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda. With a strong foundation in chemistry and a commitment to innovative research, I am focused on pushing the boundaries of scientific exploration.
🔬 B.Sc., M.Sc., PGDIPR, Ph.D. (Chemistry)
🏫 The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda | Department of Applied Chemistry
🌐 Research Focus :
🧪 Materials Science, Environmental Chemistry, Nanomaterials Synthesis, Photocatalysts, Nanocomposites, Photodegradation, Wastewater Treatment, Photocatalysis, Nanoparticles, Ionic Liquids, Adsorption and Adsorbents, Deep Eutectic Solvents, Photocatalytic Decontamination, Surfactants, Material Characterization, CMC and Micelle Formation, Kinetics, Polymer Chemistry, Gas Separation, Thermodynamics, Mixed Matrix Membrane, Self-Assembly, Nanotechnology, Contaminant Removal, Environmental Sustainability.
🔍 Material Characterization & Instrumentational Skills:
I employ a comprehensive set of instrumental techniques to meticulously characterize materials and explore their molecular-level behavior. My toolbox includes FTIR, SEM-EDS, XPS, BET, TGA, DSC, UV-Vis, XRD, SEM, TEM, Raman, HPLC, GC-MS, Karl Fisher titrator, Zeta Potential, DLS, Particle Size Analyzer, SAXS, SANS, Surface Tension and Fluorescence Spectroscopy.
💻 Software Expertise: Microsoft Office Suite- PowerPoint, Excel, Word, OrginPro, ChemDraw, ImageJ, Mendeley, Canva, Adobe Photoshop, LaTeX, Anova.
📊 Visual Communication:
I am an advocate for effective scientific communication, excelling in crafting captivating graphical abstracts, precise graphs, Programming & Data Modeling, Data Visualization, engaging layouts, and illustrative schematic presentations that bridge the gap between intricate scientific concepts and broader comprehension. Also admin of geniusguruji.in website. which provides online educations and study material to students.
🤝 Collaboration & Contact:
I am fervently enthusiastic about forging partnerships and exploring potential research opportunities. Please feel free to connect with me on LinkedIn or reach out via email at Vishwajitchavda1998@gmail.com.
Supervisors: Dr. Sanjeev Kumar
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Papers by Vishwajit Chavda
Journal of Applied Polymer Science , 2024
This study explores fabrication and characterization of mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) for gas sep... more This study explores fabrication and characterization of mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) for gas separation, employing a cost-effective solution casting method. Polycarbonate (PC) and polystyrene (PS) blends are combined with graphene oxide (GO) and zirconium dioxide (ZrO 2) nanofillers, with and without a deep eutectic solvent (DES) obtained through hydrogen bond exchange. Various MMMs compositions (2-20 wt%) are systematically examined using diverse characterization techniques, including differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, porosity determination, and water contact angle analysis. The MMMs exhibit enhanced gas permeability and selectivity, surpassing conventional membrane materials. Notably, H 2 gas permeability reaches outstanding levels, with the composition PC/PS-DES-GO/ZrO 2 at 20 wt% (PBC20-IV) demonstrating the highest value of 86.32 Barrer. This superior performance is attributed to the unique properties of ZrO 2 , increased sorption capacity of GO, and enhanced thermal stability due to DES. Permeability data for CO 2 , N 2 , O 2 , and CH 4 also show significant values, aligning with the observed trends in H 2 permeability. Robeson's plot for the H 2 /CO 2 gas pair surpasses the 2008 upper bound, placing the MMMs in a novel category for gas separation membranes. The incorporation of DES-modified nanofiller blend composites presents a promising strategy for the potential production of pure hydrogen.
Bioanalysis, Jul 9, 2024
This article explores the integration of microfluidics and artificial intelligence (AI), highligh... more This article explores the integration of microfluidics and artificial intelligence (AI), highlighting the significant advancements in medical technologies achieved through this novel alliance. Microfluidics, which involves the manipulation of fluids at a microscale, has revolutionized biological experiments by enabling precise sample handling and reducing experimental volumes. The fusion with AI, particularly machine learning (ML) and deep learning, enhances the efficiency and capabilities of microfluidic devices in diverse applications, including diagnostics, biomarker profiling, and image processing. AI algorithms facilitate high-throughput analysis, automate tasks, and improve image reconstruction, making microfluidic experiments more precise and faster. Additionally, AI-driven microrobots demonstrate promising applications in targeted drug delivery and precision medicine. The convergence of these technologies is anticipated to drive innovations in personalized healthcare and biomedical engineering, paving the way for advanced microfluidic devices and real-world applications.
International journal of environmental analytical chemistry, Apr 24, 2024
Nickel-based Metal-Organic Frameworks (Ni-MOFs) have emerged as exciting catalysts in environment... more Nickel-based Metal-Organic Frameworks (Ni-MOFs) have emerged as exciting catalysts in environmental sustainability, demonstrating the extraordinary potential for photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants. This paper thoroughly examines Ni-MOFs, diving into their complicated architectures, unique features, and the underlying processes that regulate their photocatalytic abilities. Herein, the article negotiates the maze of recent advances in the area, providing light on the catalytic efficiency, stability, and adaptability of Ni-MOFs in dealing with a wide range of organic contaminants. The band gap of Ni-MOF was found to be 2.3–2.5 eV, which is attributed to the excellent photoactivity of the material. This research elucidates the synergistic relationship between the structural properties of Ni-MOFs and their photocatalytic activities, providing insights into the critical factors controlling their performance. As we explore the complexities of Ni-MOFs, we uncover the routes that lead to improved photocatalytic degradation, underscoring the essential significance of these materials in tackling modern environmental remediation concerns. This article acts as a compass for researchers, providing a panoramic picture of Ni-MOFs’ dazzling contributions to the developing terrain of photocatalytic organic pollutant degradation by giving a synthesis of current research and recent discoveries. This study suggests a comprehensive, unbiased summary of the worldwide dye degradation research from 2015 to 2024 (10 years) might be provided using core data collected from Scopus. The Scopus database compiles all the data, including publications, articles, authors, and keywords. Papers pertinent to the photodegradation of organic contaminants by Ni-MOF-based photocatalysts were found for the bibliometric investigation, and the number of these papers is increasing annually. A 10-year assessment of the most recent studies on the effects of Ni-MOF-based photocatalysts on the photodegradation of organic pollutants is given by bibliometric analysis.
ACS applied engineering materials, Jan 26, 2024
Hybrid carbon-based materials are in demand to achieve the desired activities in various fields. ... more Hybrid carbon-based materials are in demand to achieve the desired activities in various fields. However, such materials lack aqueous dispersibility or mechanical strength, which can be addressed by certain modifiers such as surfactants, polymers, metal oxides, and deep eutectic solvents (DESs), among others. Dodecyl trimethylammonium bromide (DTAB) and a typical DES (reline; choline chloride/urea, 1:2) have been employed in conjunction with graphene oxide–titanium oxide nanocomposites (GO@TiO2 NCs) to get advanced adsorbents (which are characterized by various physicochemical techniques). A model hazardous dye, methylene blue (MB), was used to study the adsorption potential of the above-developed material. The process was optimized in terms of the adsorbent dose, initial MB concentration, pH, and contact time. Various kinetic and adsorption isotherm models were used to analyze the data. Pseudo-second-order kinetics (R2 = 0.999) has been followed by the Langmuir adsorption isotherm (R2 = 0.998). Kinetics revealed that 100% MB adsorption was achieved with DES-based NC (DES-GO@TiO2), which is better than that with both DTAB-based (DT-GO@TiO2) and pure pristine material (GO@TiO2). It is proposed that DES (reline) couples TiO2 on the GO surface with an alternative route to drive MB from an aqueous background. Adsorption data were compared with other similar reported adsorbents, and it was found that the developed DES-based advanced material shows ultrafast MB adsorption (the rate of adsorption has been found to be 222 μg MB per gram of DES-GO@TiO2 in 1 s). The sustainability and economy of the adsorbent were revealed by repeating numerous adsorption cycles (up to seven times) without losing the adsorption efficiency. The study can be applied in various chemical industries where color or coloring material is involved in the effluent. Further, other similar greener DESs should be used in order to develop sustainable structure–performance relationship for a safer environment.
Journal of Molecular Liquids, Dec 31, 2024
Physico-spectroscopic data of deep eutectic solvent (DES, aquolines (choline chloride, ChCl: wate... more Physico-spectroscopic data of deep eutectic solvent (DES, aquolines (choline chloride, ChCl: water (1:2 (DES I), 1:3 (DES II), 1:4 (DES III), and 1:5 (DES IV)) have been collected. The data differentiates DES I to DES III (DESs) from DES IV (molecular solution of ChCl). DESs (aquolines) are used to study association structures of surfactant + salt systems using spectrofluorometry, polarizing optical microscopy (POM), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). POM images show the formation of giant aggregates (vesicles, up to 3.3 µm) in DTAB – aquoline – salt system which was further confirmed using DLS. These systems show excessive solubility enhancement of the poorly water-soluble curcumin (CCM), a well-known natural drug and food ingredient. Solubility of CCM shows the following order: water < DES < DES + salt < DTAB-DESs < DTAB-salt-aquoline. CCM shows up to 250-fold solubility in DTAB-KNO3-DES I system compared to water. The work forging a new methodology of achieving giant amphiphilic aggregates and their application in improving the aqueous solubilities/extraction of hydrophobic materials.
Bioanalysis, 2023
The importance of developing sustainable technologies has now become imperative across all resear... more The importance of developing sustainable technologies has now become imperative across all research domains. However, sustained use of organic and halogenated solvents in analytical procedures has posed a significant challenge to both humans and the environment due to their toxicity, flammability, and carcinogenic or mutagenic properties. To meet the demands of green chemistry, bioanalytical chemistry has proposed various approaches, one of which involves exploring novel reagents and solvents for analytical purposes. DESs have demonstrated their potential as suitable media for the analysis of biological samples, owing to their straightforward and fast preparation, and economical and easy-to-follow analytical procedures. Although most of the research on DESs for biological samples centers on microextraction techniques, they have also been employed in quantification methods with successful outcomes. However, due to the intricate and multifaceted nature of biological samples they may not be suitable for some applications. Enhancing the utilization of DESs in bioanalysis necessitates the further development and evaluation of automated and semi-automated procedures. Moreover, novel materials containing poly(DESs) and magnetic DESs need to be explored to advance their application in the field of bioanalysis. For the widespread adoption of DESs, it is essential for them to be readily accessible in the commercial market and demonstrate superiority over traditional solvents in terms of cost–effectiveness, reduced toxicity, simplified sample clean-up, and compatibility with LC–MS and/or MS/MS techniques. As the field of DESs continues to grow, with new compositions being discovered and a greater understanding of their properties, we hope to see more publications exploring DESs in quantitative bioanalysis with LC–MS and/or LC–MS/MS soon.
Journal of Molecular Liquids, 2022
Photophysical behaviour of rhodamine B (RB) in deep eutectic solvents (DES, formed by quaternary ... more Photophysical behaviour of rhodamine B (RB) in deep eutectic solvents (DES, formed by quaternary ammonium salt and hydrogen bond donor (HBD) in a specific eutectic ratio) with or without graphene oxide (GO) or ionic surfactants, is less known. The nature of Reline (choline chloride (ChCl): urea (HBD), 1:2), a well-known DES, has been designed by adding glycerol or water as the second HBD for sustained movement of RB. Effects of GO, surfactant, or GO + surfactant, in controlling RB movement, at various sites (GO surface, surfactant micelle, DES surface, or background solvent), have been fluorometrically reported. The basic nature of Reline (pH=10.38) causes modification of GO surface (deprotonated site) and nature of RB (cationic → zwitter ionic). Above Reline-inspired changes have been found to modify interactions of RB with GO and/or sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS, an anionic surfactant) or cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB, a cationic surfactant). SDS (10 mMdm-3, < critical micelle concentration (CMC) in Reline) shows ∼ 2.6, 1.6, and 1.4 fold fluorescence intensity enhancement of RB (in water, pure Reline, and methanol, respectively). However, GO and/or CTAB shows quenching behaviour. Further, the fluorescence of RB shows weak dependence on changing the second HBD (water or glycerol). DES-controlled cationic vs zwitterionic form of RB is responsible for the interaction and sustained movement towards GO surface, micellar surface, or negatively charged ion-pair formation (with SDS monomers). Findings of the work have implications in searching potential fluorescent levels/sensors for photophysics, photobiology, or wider vehicle means for sustained drug delivery.
Journal of Molecular Liquids, 2022
The micellization and clouding phenomenon are studied across a wide range of reline (Choline chlo... more The micellization and clouding phenomenon are studied across a wide range of reline (Choline chloride (ChCl)-Urea, 1:2 mole ratio) - water composition using fluorescence spectroscopy. Experiments have also been performed to determine the physical properties (specific conductance (κ) and zero-shear viscosity (η0)) of water in reline and reline in water. κ and η0 vary in opposite ways as water composition of the water in reline decreases. Further, pure reline and the reline-water mixtures have been found Newtonian in nature. Critical micelle concentration (CMC) data of Sodium dodecylsulphate (SDS, an anionic surfactant) suggest three regions of CMC variations with water content in the water in reline and reline in water mixtures. Reline-urea-water motifs (H-bonded) or molecular solutions of components (ChCl and urea) dictate CMC in water in reline/reline in water region. Cloud point (CP) data was acquired using SDS + tetra n-butyl ammonium bromide (TBAB) in water in reline or reline in water and compared with pure water. CP plots are constructed with respect to [SDS] or [TBAB]. It has been noted that the increase in CP is directly dependent on [SDS] and reversely on [TBAB]. A clouding mechanism for SDS (+TBAB) in reline -water mixture has been interpreted on the basis of competition between tetra-n-butylammonium (TBA⁺) and cholinium (Ch⁺) counter ion for the micellar surface. CP data have also been acquired in the presence of metal salt (cadmium chloride, CdCl2 or zinc sulphate, ZnSO4). These two salts affect CP oppositely, which is explained on the basis of hydrating capacity of metal ions. SDS +TBAB +reline +water form a system that can be potentially used for biphasic extraction (LLPS) of various metals from waste streams or battery waste.
Journal of Molecular Liquids, 2022
Data on aggregation/morphological behaviour of contrasting charge aqueous gemini mixtures at 303 ... more Data on aggregation/morphological behaviour of contrasting charge aqueous gemini mixtures at 303 K have been acquired in this study. Anionic and cationic components of the mixture were phosphoric acid, P, P' -1,4-butanedieyl, P, P' didodecylester, disodium salt (12-4-12A) and (ethane-1,2-diyl bis (N, N-dimethyl-N-alkylammoniumacetoamide) dichloride) (12-Eda-12 or 14-Eda-14), respectively. Fluorescence data are used to acquire critical micelle concentration (CMC) value and micro-environmental information (micro-polarity and dielectric constant). DLS, SANS and TEM confirm the presence of ellipsoidal, rod-shaped or vesicles at different compositions of the mixture(s). Further, zeta-potential (ζ) data reveal the charge reversal on the aggregate by mole fraction (x) variation (0-1) of the mixture. Solubilization of an anti-cancer drug (raloxifene hydrochloride, RLX) has been seen in various morphologies (spectrophotometrically) and it has been found that vesicles (formed at x = 0.4 or 0.6) solubilize more RLX than the any other morphology. RLX release profile follows Higuchi model which confirms the diffusional release mechanism. RLX solubilised in 12-4-12A + 14-Eda-14 mixture (x = 0.6 and x = 0.4, respectively) showed good cell proliferation behaviour (9.06 µg/mL) over pure RLX (21.75 µg/mL) towards MCF-7.
Journal of Molecular Liquids, 2022
Deep eutectic solvents (DES) based on water as the only hydrogen bond donor (HBD) have been intro... more Deep eutectic solvents (DES) based on water as the only hydrogen bond donor (HBD) have been introduced recently (aquoline). There is not a single report on surfactant association behaviour in aquoline. This study deals with the determination of physical properties (rheology, specific conductance, pH, micro polarity and apparent dielectric constant) of pure aquoline (with different molar ratios of choline chloride (ChCl): water, DES I - DES IV) and association behaviour of ionic surfactants in such aquoline systems. DESs were found Newtonian and highly polar / conducting fluids with nearly neutral pH (6.9–7.1). Micellization behaviour of different ionic surfactants (sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), sodium dodecane-1-sulphonate (SDSo), sodium dodecyl benzene sulphonates (SDBS), P, P’-1,4-butanedieyl, P, P’-didodecylester, disodium salt (12-4-12A), cetyltrimethylammonium ammonium bromide (CTAB) or dodecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (DTAB)) has been studied fluorometrically in various aquolines and compare data with an aqueous medium. In most of the cases, critical micelle concentration (CMC) values have been found lower than water which may be due to the presence of choline chloride (ChCl, one of the components of aquoline), which can interact micelle electrostatically and hydrophobically. For different head groups in anionic surfactant, CMC follows the order 12-4-12A < SDBS < SDS < SDSo, which fits in the Hoffmeister like series of head groups. For cationic surfactants (CTAB and DTAB), CMC shows a similar chain length effect as observed in water. Overall, CMC data allow to propose that CMC decreases with an increase in molar content of water in a typical aquoline under eutectic limit. Micellar aggregation number (Nm), Stern-Volmer constant, micellar polarity, and apparent dielectric constant were also computed. It has been observed that micelles of lower Nm, with high polarity, are formed in a typical aquoline system (DES III). The study may find applications where organized assemblies are required in highly polar solvents.
Journal of Molecular Liquids, 2022
Aqueous association behaviour of counter charged gemini surfactants has been studied by fluoromet... more Aqueous association behaviour of counter charged gemini surfactants has been studied by fluorometry, dynamic light scattering (DLS), Zeta(ζ)-potential and SANS measurements at 303 K. For the purpose, P, P'-1,4-butanedieyl, P, P'-didodecylester, disodium salt, anionic surfactant(12-4-12A) and cationic gemini surfactants: Butanediyl-1,4-bis (N, N-dimethyl-N-tetradecyl-ammonium) dibromide (14-4-14); Ethane-1,2-diyl bis (N, N-dimethyl-N-tetradecyl-ammonium acetoxy) dichloride (14-Eg-14) and (D-isosorbate-1,4-diyl bis (N, N-dimethyl-N-tetradecylammonium acetoxy) dichloride (14-Isb-14) were mixed for varying mole fraction range (x = 0-1). Fluorescence data using pyrene as a probe are used to obtain CMC values which were theoretically treated using regular solution theories. It has been observed that mixing causes non spherical micelles and even vesicle formation was observed in one of the combinations (12-4-12A + 14-4-14) at x = 0.4. Various compositions are used to solubilize polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (pyrene, anthracene and phenanthrene) in order to have an idea of solubility enhancement efficacy. Micellar morphology/environment has been used to draw a correlation between apparent dielectric constant (Dexp) - composition - solubilization potential. Findings can be used for loading various hydrophobic materials in an appropriate amphiphilic mixture for various applications such as dye solubilization, drug solubilization, drug delivery or drug targeting.
Journal of Molecular Liquids, 2023
Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have gained significant attention over the past twenty years due to... more Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have gained significant attention over the past twenty years due to their versatile properties and easy preparation methods without the need for extensive purification. DESs show promise as bio-compatible options for pharmaceutical applications, particularly in enhancing solubility, stability, and serving as potential drug delivery systems for active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). Understanding the behavior of surfactants in DESs is crucial for developing innovative pharmaceutical applications. This review encompasses a concise history, classification, properties, surfactant based DES systems, and various applications in pharmacy, among other topics. It also explores emerging DES systems and their notable features in improving the bioavailability, permeability, and therapeutic effectiveness of pharmaceutical materials. Additionally, the review discusses DES-based bio-catalyzed transformations and includes key research on preparation, performance, and formulations, along with future challenges, and limitations that need to be addressed for the development of DES-based formulations.
RSC Sustainability , 2023
Gemini surfactants (GSs) and deep eutectic solvents (DESs) belong to two important classes of ind... more Gemini surfactants (GSs) and deep eutectic solvents (DESs) belong to two important classes of industrially important materials which can be used to modify the performances of other entities where they are used for functionalization. A graphene oxide-zirconium oxide (GO@ZrO2) nanocomposite has been synthesised and modified by using a cationic gemini surfactant (CGS, butanediyl-1,4, bis(N,N-hexadecyl ammonium) dibromide (16-4-16)) or by using a well-known DES (reline, choline chloride : urea, molar ratio 1 : 2). The adsorbent materials were characterized by various physicochemical techniques (FTIR, XRD, TEM, SEM-EDX, and TGA). Methylene blue (MB), a well-known industrially important colouring material, has been used as a model adsorbate to investigate its adsorption/removal from aqueous solution by using the above-modified nanocomposites (NCs, CGS-GO@ZrO2 and DES-GO@ZrO2). The adsorption process follows the Langmuir model (R2 ≈ 0.995) together with pseudo-second order rate kinetics. Adsorption variables were optimised in the light of [NC], [MB], pH, and contact time. DES-GO@ZrO2 has been found to be a better candidate for the fast removal of MB (∼100% at 20 mg L−1, 5 m with 2 mg ml−1 DES-GO@ZrO2) when compared with other similarly modified materials. To economize the method, desorption of adsorbed MB (performed by using ethanol) is necessary. It has been found that the DES-GO@ZrO2 performs efficiently even after 5 adsorption–desorption series. The findings of the present study can have potential applications in developing an economic strategy for the purification of industrial dye effluents with a concomitant redressal of aquatic pollution.
Journal of Applied Polymer Science , 2024
This study explores fabrication and characterization of mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) for gas sep... more This study explores fabrication and characterization of mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) for gas separation, employing a cost-effective solution casting method. Polycarbonate (PC) and polystyrene (PS) blends are combined with graphene oxide (GO) and zirconium dioxide (ZrO 2) nanofillers, with and without a deep eutectic solvent (DES) obtained through hydrogen bond exchange. Various MMMs compositions (2-20 wt%) are systematically examined using diverse characterization techniques, including differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, porosity determination, and water contact angle analysis. The MMMs exhibit enhanced gas permeability and selectivity, surpassing conventional membrane materials. Notably, H 2 gas permeability reaches outstanding levels, with the composition PC/PS-DES-GO/ZrO 2 at 20 wt% (PBC20-IV) demonstrating the highest value of 86.32 Barrer. This superior performance is attributed to the unique properties of ZrO 2 , increased sorption capacity of GO, and enhanced thermal stability due to DES. Permeability data for CO 2 , N 2 , O 2 , and CH 4 also show significant values, aligning with the observed trends in H 2 permeability. Robeson's plot for the H 2 /CO 2 gas pair surpasses the 2008 upper bound, placing the MMMs in a novel category for gas separation membranes. The incorporation of DES-modified nanofiller blend composites presents a promising strategy for the potential production of pure hydrogen.
Bioanalysis, Jul 9, 2024
This article explores the integration of microfluidics and artificial intelligence (AI), highligh... more This article explores the integration of microfluidics and artificial intelligence (AI), highlighting the significant advancements in medical technologies achieved through this novel alliance. Microfluidics, which involves the manipulation of fluids at a microscale, has revolutionized biological experiments by enabling precise sample handling and reducing experimental volumes. The fusion with AI, particularly machine learning (ML) and deep learning, enhances the efficiency and capabilities of microfluidic devices in diverse applications, including diagnostics, biomarker profiling, and image processing. AI algorithms facilitate high-throughput analysis, automate tasks, and improve image reconstruction, making microfluidic experiments more precise and faster. Additionally, AI-driven microrobots demonstrate promising applications in targeted drug delivery and precision medicine. The convergence of these technologies is anticipated to drive innovations in personalized healthcare and biomedical engineering, paving the way for advanced microfluidic devices and real-world applications.
International journal of environmental analytical chemistry, Apr 24, 2024
Nickel-based Metal-Organic Frameworks (Ni-MOFs) have emerged as exciting catalysts in environment... more Nickel-based Metal-Organic Frameworks (Ni-MOFs) have emerged as exciting catalysts in environmental sustainability, demonstrating the extraordinary potential for photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants. This paper thoroughly examines Ni-MOFs, diving into their complicated architectures, unique features, and the underlying processes that regulate their photocatalytic abilities. Herein, the article negotiates the maze of recent advances in the area, providing light on the catalytic efficiency, stability, and adaptability of Ni-MOFs in dealing with a wide range of organic contaminants. The band gap of Ni-MOF was found to be 2.3–2.5 eV, which is attributed to the excellent photoactivity of the material. This research elucidates the synergistic relationship between the structural properties of Ni-MOFs and their photocatalytic activities, providing insights into the critical factors controlling their performance. As we explore the complexities of Ni-MOFs, we uncover the routes that lead to improved photocatalytic degradation, underscoring the essential significance of these materials in tackling modern environmental remediation concerns. This article acts as a compass for researchers, providing a panoramic picture of Ni-MOFs’ dazzling contributions to the developing terrain of photocatalytic organic pollutant degradation by giving a synthesis of current research and recent discoveries. This study suggests a comprehensive, unbiased summary of the worldwide dye degradation research from 2015 to 2024 (10 years) might be provided using core data collected from Scopus. The Scopus database compiles all the data, including publications, articles, authors, and keywords. Papers pertinent to the photodegradation of organic contaminants by Ni-MOF-based photocatalysts were found for the bibliometric investigation, and the number of these papers is increasing annually. A 10-year assessment of the most recent studies on the effects of Ni-MOF-based photocatalysts on the photodegradation of organic pollutants is given by bibliometric analysis.
ACS applied engineering materials, Jan 26, 2024
Hybrid carbon-based materials are in demand to achieve the desired activities in various fields. ... more Hybrid carbon-based materials are in demand to achieve the desired activities in various fields. However, such materials lack aqueous dispersibility or mechanical strength, which can be addressed by certain modifiers such as surfactants, polymers, metal oxides, and deep eutectic solvents (DESs), among others. Dodecyl trimethylammonium bromide (DTAB) and a typical DES (reline; choline chloride/urea, 1:2) have been employed in conjunction with graphene oxide–titanium oxide nanocomposites (GO@TiO2 NCs) to get advanced adsorbents (which are characterized by various physicochemical techniques). A model hazardous dye, methylene blue (MB), was used to study the adsorption potential of the above-developed material. The process was optimized in terms of the adsorbent dose, initial MB concentration, pH, and contact time. Various kinetic and adsorption isotherm models were used to analyze the data. Pseudo-second-order kinetics (R2 = 0.999) has been followed by the Langmuir adsorption isotherm (R2 = 0.998). Kinetics revealed that 100% MB adsorption was achieved with DES-based NC (DES-GO@TiO2), which is better than that with both DTAB-based (DT-GO@TiO2) and pure pristine material (GO@TiO2). It is proposed that DES (reline) couples TiO2 on the GO surface with an alternative route to drive MB from an aqueous background. Adsorption data were compared with other similar reported adsorbents, and it was found that the developed DES-based advanced material shows ultrafast MB adsorption (the rate of adsorption has been found to be 222 μg MB per gram of DES-GO@TiO2 in 1 s). The sustainability and economy of the adsorbent were revealed by repeating numerous adsorption cycles (up to seven times) without losing the adsorption efficiency. The study can be applied in various chemical industries where color or coloring material is involved in the effluent. Further, other similar greener DESs should be used in order to develop sustainable structure–performance relationship for a safer environment.
Journal of Molecular Liquids, Dec 31, 2024
Physico-spectroscopic data of deep eutectic solvent (DES, aquolines (choline chloride, ChCl: wate... more Physico-spectroscopic data of deep eutectic solvent (DES, aquolines (choline chloride, ChCl: water (1:2 (DES I), 1:3 (DES II), 1:4 (DES III), and 1:5 (DES IV)) have been collected. The data differentiates DES I to DES III (DESs) from DES IV (molecular solution of ChCl). DESs (aquolines) are used to study association structures of surfactant + salt systems using spectrofluorometry, polarizing optical microscopy (POM), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). POM images show the formation of giant aggregates (vesicles, up to 3.3 µm) in DTAB – aquoline – salt system which was further confirmed using DLS. These systems show excessive solubility enhancement of the poorly water-soluble curcumin (CCM), a well-known natural drug and food ingredient. Solubility of CCM shows the following order: water < DES < DES + salt < DTAB-DESs < DTAB-salt-aquoline. CCM shows up to 250-fold solubility in DTAB-KNO3-DES I system compared to water. The work forging a new methodology of achieving giant amphiphilic aggregates and their application in improving the aqueous solubilities/extraction of hydrophobic materials.
Bioanalysis, 2023
The importance of developing sustainable technologies has now become imperative across all resear... more The importance of developing sustainable technologies has now become imperative across all research domains. However, sustained use of organic and halogenated solvents in analytical procedures has posed a significant challenge to both humans and the environment due to their toxicity, flammability, and carcinogenic or mutagenic properties. To meet the demands of green chemistry, bioanalytical chemistry has proposed various approaches, one of which involves exploring novel reagents and solvents for analytical purposes. DESs have demonstrated their potential as suitable media for the analysis of biological samples, owing to their straightforward and fast preparation, and economical and easy-to-follow analytical procedures. Although most of the research on DESs for biological samples centers on microextraction techniques, they have also been employed in quantification methods with successful outcomes. However, due to the intricate and multifaceted nature of biological samples they may not be suitable for some applications. Enhancing the utilization of DESs in bioanalysis necessitates the further development and evaluation of automated and semi-automated procedures. Moreover, novel materials containing poly(DESs) and magnetic DESs need to be explored to advance their application in the field of bioanalysis. For the widespread adoption of DESs, it is essential for them to be readily accessible in the commercial market and demonstrate superiority over traditional solvents in terms of cost–effectiveness, reduced toxicity, simplified sample clean-up, and compatibility with LC–MS and/or MS/MS techniques. As the field of DESs continues to grow, with new compositions being discovered and a greater understanding of their properties, we hope to see more publications exploring DESs in quantitative bioanalysis with LC–MS and/or LC–MS/MS soon.
Journal of Molecular Liquids, 2022
Photophysical behaviour of rhodamine B (RB) in deep eutectic solvents (DES, formed by quaternary ... more Photophysical behaviour of rhodamine B (RB) in deep eutectic solvents (DES, formed by quaternary ammonium salt and hydrogen bond donor (HBD) in a specific eutectic ratio) with or without graphene oxide (GO) or ionic surfactants, is less known. The nature of Reline (choline chloride (ChCl): urea (HBD), 1:2), a well-known DES, has been designed by adding glycerol or water as the second HBD for sustained movement of RB. Effects of GO, surfactant, or GO + surfactant, in controlling RB movement, at various sites (GO surface, surfactant micelle, DES surface, or background solvent), have been fluorometrically reported. The basic nature of Reline (pH=10.38) causes modification of GO surface (deprotonated site) and nature of RB (cationic → zwitter ionic). Above Reline-inspired changes have been found to modify interactions of RB with GO and/or sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS, an anionic surfactant) or cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB, a cationic surfactant). SDS (10 mMdm-3, < critical micelle concentration (CMC) in Reline) shows ∼ 2.6, 1.6, and 1.4 fold fluorescence intensity enhancement of RB (in water, pure Reline, and methanol, respectively). However, GO and/or CTAB shows quenching behaviour. Further, the fluorescence of RB shows weak dependence on changing the second HBD (water or glycerol). DES-controlled cationic vs zwitterionic form of RB is responsible for the interaction and sustained movement towards GO surface, micellar surface, or negatively charged ion-pair formation (with SDS monomers). Findings of the work have implications in searching potential fluorescent levels/sensors for photophysics, photobiology, or wider vehicle means for sustained drug delivery.
Journal of Molecular Liquids, 2022
The micellization and clouding phenomenon are studied across a wide range of reline (Choline chlo... more The micellization and clouding phenomenon are studied across a wide range of reline (Choline chloride (ChCl)-Urea, 1:2 mole ratio) - water composition using fluorescence spectroscopy. Experiments have also been performed to determine the physical properties (specific conductance (κ) and zero-shear viscosity (η0)) of water in reline and reline in water. κ and η0 vary in opposite ways as water composition of the water in reline decreases. Further, pure reline and the reline-water mixtures have been found Newtonian in nature. Critical micelle concentration (CMC) data of Sodium dodecylsulphate (SDS, an anionic surfactant) suggest three regions of CMC variations with water content in the water in reline and reline in water mixtures. Reline-urea-water motifs (H-bonded) or molecular solutions of components (ChCl and urea) dictate CMC in water in reline/reline in water region. Cloud point (CP) data was acquired using SDS + tetra n-butyl ammonium bromide (TBAB) in water in reline or reline in water and compared with pure water. CP plots are constructed with respect to [SDS] or [TBAB]. It has been noted that the increase in CP is directly dependent on [SDS] and reversely on [TBAB]. A clouding mechanism for SDS (+TBAB) in reline -water mixture has been interpreted on the basis of competition between tetra-n-butylammonium (TBA⁺) and cholinium (Ch⁺) counter ion for the micellar surface. CP data have also been acquired in the presence of metal salt (cadmium chloride, CdCl2 or zinc sulphate, ZnSO4). These two salts affect CP oppositely, which is explained on the basis of hydrating capacity of metal ions. SDS +TBAB +reline +water form a system that can be potentially used for biphasic extraction (LLPS) of various metals from waste streams or battery waste.
Journal of Molecular Liquids, 2022
Data on aggregation/morphological behaviour of contrasting charge aqueous gemini mixtures at 303 ... more Data on aggregation/morphological behaviour of contrasting charge aqueous gemini mixtures at 303 K have been acquired in this study. Anionic and cationic components of the mixture were phosphoric acid, P, P' -1,4-butanedieyl, P, P' didodecylester, disodium salt (12-4-12A) and (ethane-1,2-diyl bis (N, N-dimethyl-N-alkylammoniumacetoamide) dichloride) (12-Eda-12 or 14-Eda-14), respectively. Fluorescence data are used to acquire critical micelle concentration (CMC) value and micro-environmental information (micro-polarity and dielectric constant). DLS, SANS and TEM confirm the presence of ellipsoidal, rod-shaped or vesicles at different compositions of the mixture(s). Further, zeta-potential (ζ) data reveal the charge reversal on the aggregate by mole fraction (x) variation (0-1) of the mixture. Solubilization of an anti-cancer drug (raloxifene hydrochloride, RLX) has been seen in various morphologies (spectrophotometrically) and it has been found that vesicles (formed at x = 0.4 or 0.6) solubilize more RLX than the any other morphology. RLX release profile follows Higuchi model which confirms the diffusional release mechanism. RLX solubilised in 12-4-12A + 14-Eda-14 mixture (x = 0.6 and x = 0.4, respectively) showed good cell proliferation behaviour (9.06 µg/mL) over pure RLX (21.75 µg/mL) towards MCF-7.
Journal of Molecular Liquids, 2022
Deep eutectic solvents (DES) based on water as the only hydrogen bond donor (HBD) have been intro... more Deep eutectic solvents (DES) based on water as the only hydrogen bond donor (HBD) have been introduced recently (aquoline). There is not a single report on surfactant association behaviour in aquoline. This study deals with the determination of physical properties (rheology, specific conductance, pH, micro polarity and apparent dielectric constant) of pure aquoline (with different molar ratios of choline chloride (ChCl): water, DES I - DES IV) and association behaviour of ionic surfactants in such aquoline systems. DESs were found Newtonian and highly polar / conducting fluids with nearly neutral pH (6.9–7.1). Micellization behaviour of different ionic surfactants (sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), sodium dodecane-1-sulphonate (SDSo), sodium dodecyl benzene sulphonates (SDBS), P, P’-1,4-butanedieyl, P, P’-didodecylester, disodium salt (12-4-12A), cetyltrimethylammonium ammonium bromide (CTAB) or dodecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (DTAB)) has been studied fluorometrically in various aquolines and compare data with an aqueous medium. In most of the cases, critical micelle concentration (CMC) values have been found lower than water which may be due to the presence of choline chloride (ChCl, one of the components of aquoline), which can interact micelle electrostatically and hydrophobically. For different head groups in anionic surfactant, CMC follows the order 12-4-12A < SDBS < SDS < SDSo, which fits in the Hoffmeister like series of head groups. For cationic surfactants (CTAB and DTAB), CMC shows a similar chain length effect as observed in water. Overall, CMC data allow to propose that CMC decreases with an increase in molar content of water in a typical aquoline under eutectic limit. Micellar aggregation number (Nm), Stern-Volmer constant, micellar polarity, and apparent dielectric constant were also computed. It has been observed that micelles of lower Nm, with high polarity, are formed in a typical aquoline system (DES III). The study may find applications where organized assemblies are required in highly polar solvents.
Journal of Molecular Liquids, 2022
Aqueous association behaviour of counter charged gemini surfactants has been studied by fluoromet... more Aqueous association behaviour of counter charged gemini surfactants has been studied by fluorometry, dynamic light scattering (DLS), Zeta(ζ)-potential and SANS measurements at 303 K. For the purpose, P, P'-1,4-butanedieyl, P, P'-didodecylester, disodium salt, anionic surfactant(12-4-12A) and cationic gemini surfactants: Butanediyl-1,4-bis (N, N-dimethyl-N-tetradecyl-ammonium) dibromide (14-4-14); Ethane-1,2-diyl bis (N, N-dimethyl-N-tetradecyl-ammonium acetoxy) dichloride (14-Eg-14) and (D-isosorbate-1,4-diyl bis (N, N-dimethyl-N-tetradecylammonium acetoxy) dichloride (14-Isb-14) were mixed for varying mole fraction range (x = 0-1). Fluorescence data using pyrene as a probe are used to obtain CMC values which were theoretically treated using regular solution theories. It has been observed that mixing causes non spherical micelles and even vesicle formation was observed in one of the combinations (12-4-12A + 14-4-14) at x = 0.4. Various compositions are used to solubilize polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (pyrene, anthracene and phenanthrene) in order to have an idea of solubility enhancement efficacy. Micellar morphology/environment has been used to draw a correlation between apparent dielectric constant (Dexp) - composition - solubilization potential. Findings can be used for loading various hydrophobic materials in an appropriate amphiphilic mixture for various applications such as dye solubilization, drug solubilization, drug delivery or drug targeting.
Journal of Molecular Liquids, 2023
Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have gained significant attention over the past twenty years due to... more Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have gained significant attention over the past twenty years due to their versatile properties and easy preparation methods without the need for extensive purification. DESs show promise as bio-compatible options for pharmaceutical applications, particularly in enhancing solubility, stability, and serving as potential drug delivery systems for active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). Understanding the behavior of surfactants in DESs is crucial for developing innovative pharmaceutical applications. This review encompasses a concise history, classification, properties, surfactant based DES systems, and various applications in pharmacy, among other topics. It also explores emerging DES systems and their notable features in improving the bioavailability, permeability, and therapeutic effectiveness of pharmaceutical materials. Additionally, the review discusses DES-based bio-catalyzed transformations and includes key research on preparation, performance, and formulations, along with future challenges, and limitations that need to be addressed for the development of DES-based formulations.
RSC Sustainability , 2023
Gemini surfactants (GSs) and deep eutectic solvents (DESs) belong to two important classes of ind... more Gemini surfactants (GSs) and deep eutectic solvents (DESs) belong to two important classes of industrially important materials which can be used to modify the performances of other entities where they are used for functionalization. A graphene oxide-zirconium oxide (GO@ZrO2) nanocomposite has been synthesised and modified by using a cationic gemini surfactant (CGS, butanediyl-1,4, bis(N,N-hexadecyl ammonium) dibromide (16-4-16)) or by using a well-known DES (reline, choline chloride : urea, molar ratio 1 : 2). The adsorbent materials were characterized by various physicochemical techniques (FTIR, XRD, TEM, SEM-EDX, and TGA). Methylene blue (MB), a well-known industrially important colouring material, has been used as a model adsorbate to investigate its adsorption/removal from aqueous solution by using the above-modified nanocomposites (NCs, CGS-GO@ZrO2 and DES-GO@ZrO2). The adsorption process follows the Langmuir model (R2 ≈ 0.995) together with pseudo-second order rate kinetics. Adsorption variables were optimised in the light of [NC], [MB], pH, and contact time. DES-GO@ZrO2 has been found to be a better candidate for the fast removal of MB (∼100% at 20 mg L−1, 5 m with 2 mg ml−1 DES-GO@ZrO2) when compared with other similarly modified materials. To economize the method, desorption of adsorbed MB (performed by using ethanol) is necessary. It has been found that the DES-GO@ZrO2 performs efficiently even after 5 adsorption–desorption series. The findings of the present study can have potential applications in developing an economic strategy for the purification of industrial dye effluents with a concomitant redressal of aquatic pollution.