Orly Yeheskel | The Academic College of Tel-Aviv Yaffo (original) (raw)
Papers by Orly Yeheskel
International Journal of Human Resource Studies, 2020
The disruption and chaos experienced by businesses and other organizations during the fourth indu... more The disruption and chaos experienced by businesses and other organizations during the fourth industrial revolution, which have intensified during the Corona epidemic, are creating major managerial challenges for executives and organizations, forcing them to operate in a volatile, uncertain. Such a situation requires a more sophisticated approach that includes swift and flexible managerial and response mechanisms, alongside mechanisms based on continuity and order, and the appropriate modifications to the managerial and organizational systems.The article presents perspectives and insights related to the question of how chaos, disruption and change are affecting managerial approaches in general and managerial control in particular.The traditional control systems were developed to manage continuous processes rather than the sudden and volatile events that characterize a chaotic environment. Sudden or unexpected events are in fact similar with respect to their control needs to project m...
Management International Review, 1997
* This paper presents some characteristics of 34 equity international joint ventures (EIJVs) loca... more * This paper presents some characteristics of 34 equity international joint ventures (EIJVs) located in Hungary and their parent companies which contribute to EIJV effectiveness. Application of HRM practices of the host culture, dissimilarities of parent industries, differences in Hofstede's masculinity index, EIJV operation according to clearly stated objectives, parent satisfaction with equity distribution as well as EIJV age contribute to effectiveness, whereas resource dependence is negatively correlated with effectiveness. * The paper also presents a model suggesting how effectiveness can be enhanced. Key Results * Based on the research findings, suggested characteristics for the foreign parents, the host parents and the EIJVS in Hungary are presented. Even prior to the disintegration of the Soviet Union in 1989, the Hungarian government was one of the most economically market-oriented of all the countries in the Soviet Union. As Kaikati (1992, pp. 213-214) notes, Hungary &...
The growing interest in creative industries research on the tension between the production of eco... more The growing interest in creative industries research on the tension between the production of economic value and the production of symbolic value and its application in art and culture management has provided an interesting identification of different dilemmas, but not the practices that CEOs of art and culture organizations use to deal with the dilemmas. Our analysis of in-depth interviews with CEOs of successful, longstanding art and culture organizations in Israel extends theory on art and culture management by highlighting a Three-to Tango management model. According to the CEOs, there are three basic functions that are essential to address the conflict between art and business: The Dreamer – held by the artistic director, the Doer – held by the business manager, and the Ambassador – held by the chair of the board of directors. The chair supports the CEO by facilitating a delicate tango for three with the CEO and the artistic director. Managers reported that their engagement in ...
This article uses the resource-based and internationalization theories to explain the export beha... more This article uses the resource-based and internationalization theories to explain the export behavior of Chinese entrepreneurial firms. Based on multi-year data on Chinese firms from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM), we show that contextualized resource-based theory can adequately explain some of the variation in export behavior among young Chinese firms. Exports by small Chinese firms are driven by the social and intellectual capital of the entrepreneur and their entrepreneurial proclivity, and the innovativeness/uniqueness of the product/offering.
Academy of Management Executive, 2001
Arkia Israel Airlines was established in 1949 by El AL Israel's national airline, and the His... more Arkia Israel Airlines was established in 1949 by El AL Israel's national airline, and the Histadrut Labor Federation, the biggest employees' union in Israel. The move was encouraged by the Israeli government to establish an air link between central Israel and the then southern outpost, Eilat. Initially, the company served as a domestic airline only, and engaged solely in aviation. In 1980, Arkia became the first state company in Israel to be privatized, its new owners being Kanaf Arkia and the company's employees. Arkia is presently owned by Knaiaim-Arkia Holdings Ltd. (75 percent), a company that is publicly traded on the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange, and by its employees (25 percent). Israel Borovich has been president and CEO of Arkia Israel Airlines since 1989. He has a B.Sc. in industrial engineering (1967), an M.Sc. in industrial engineering (1968), and a Ph.D. in operations research (1970). A professor of computers and information systems at the Faculty of Management, Tel Aviv University, he has conduct...
Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy, 2013
Purpose – At the beginning of the twenty-first century, the paper is witnessing a new phenomenon ... more Purpose – At the beginning of the twenty-first century, the paper is witnessing a new phenomenon of international entrepreneurship; skilled entrepreneurs from developed countries are temporarily moving to emerging economies in order to pursue business opportunities. While anecdotal evidence exists, very little theoretical development has taken place so far to explain to this phenomenon. The paper presents two short cases based on such anecdotal evidence. These cases form the basis for the development of a conceptual framework which entails a profile of entrepreneurs who have the ability to establish and operate new business ventures in an emerging economy which is characterized by a high psychic distance. Design/methodology/approach – Using Siu's work on immigrant laborers, the paper suggests that skilled, professional entrepreneurs from Israel, who seek business opportunities in China, have a profile that differs from typical immigrant entrepreneurs described in literature and ...
International Studies of Management and Organization, 2009
This study analyzes the relationships between organizational structure—namely, formalization, cen... more This study analyzes the relationships between organizational structure—namely, formalization, centralization, management style, and team solidarity—and the performance of technology start-ups (TSUs) in Israel. Employing a sample of 101 TSUs in Israel, the findings of regression analyses show that formalization, solidarity, and a laissez-faire management style can serve as predictors of TSU performance, controlling for TSU age, size, and industry. The research also reveals that the relationship between the level of formalization and TSU performance is nonlinear, with a negative slope at low and high levels of formalization. The laissez-faire style of management had the strongest positive effect on performance relative to other styles. These results point to dual managerial needs of the young TSU, seeking innovation and autonomy on the one hand, and needing some stable order on the other. The results of this study have the potential for wide generalization to TSUs in other countries and contexts.
European Management Journal, 2011
In this longitudinal study we examine how core changes, dwindling membership and ideological embe... more In this longitudinal study we examine how core changes, dwindling membership and ideological embeddedness, lead to financial distress in a unique organizational setting: declining Israeli kibbutzim. We analyze six years of core changes and their effects on financial distress for 102 Israeli kibbutzim. The research is based on an organizational macro-temporal dataset where the same 40 changes were measured concurrently and consecutively in 270 kibbutzim. These changes range from incremental or tectonic, to radical, and cover a range of organizational facets. Results indicate that turnaround measures, including radical transformation of governance and remuneration policies, serve only to exacerbate rather than alleviate financial distress. Stronger ideological embeddedness was also found to aggravate financial distress.
EuroMed Journal of Business, 2009
PurposeAs an interdisciplinary, integrative field, international business exchanges knowledge wit... more PurposeAs an interdisciplinary, integrative field, international business exchanges knowledge with other academic areas. The inflow of theories, models, constructs and empirical findings infuses the field's theoretical and methodological base, while outflow represents impact on other academic areas. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the knowledge flows into and from international business, using journal citation counts as the primary indicator.Design/methodology/approachFollowing Salancik, the paper opted to use an index of structural influence over the Social Science Citation Index (SSCI) impact factor, focusing on the sub‐area of management. It analyzed cross‐citations between the Journal of International Business Studies (JIBS) and a group of the leading management journals over a 13‐year period.FindingsUsing cross citations method, JIBS was found to be a net importer, especially from strategy; however in the most recent period the journal has become a net knowledge...
ijb.cgpublisher.com
This paper examines the level of interest in entrepreneurship among college undergraduate student... more This paper examines the level of interest in entrepreneurship among college undergraduate students from different ethnic backgrounds in Israel based on a survey conducted in 2009. The results show significant differences of the intensity of entrepreneurial intentions between ...
[1989] Proceedings of the Twenty-Second Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. Volume IV: Emerging Technologies and Applications Track
The development of a strategic information systems planning for the national public health servic... more The development of a strategic information systems planning for the national public health services in Israel is described. The organization involved provides health insurance and health services to its members. The organizational environment is complex and dynamic, and it is characterized by a competition from recently established similar organizations. As a result of these conditions management has recognized the importance
Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy, 2013
Purpose -At the beginning of the twenty-first century, the paper is witnessing a new phenomenon o... more Purpose -At the beginning of the twenty-first century, the paper is witnessing a new phenomenon of international entrepreneurship; skilled entrepreneurs from developed countries are temporarily moving to emerging economies in order to pursue business opportunities. While anecdotal evidence exists, very little theoretical development has taken place so far to explain to this phenomenon. The paper presents two short cases based on such anecdotal evidence. These cases form the basis for the development of a conceptual framework which entails a profile of entrepreneurs who have the ability to establish and operate new business ventures in an emerging economy which is characterized by a high psychic distance. Design/methodology/approach -Using Siu's work on immigrant laborers, the paper suggests that skilled, professional entrepreneurs from Israel, who seek business opportunities in China, have a profile that differs from typical immigrant entrepreneurs described in literature and is closer to the immigrant laborers described by Siu and the paper suggests therefore naming them "sojourning entrepreneurs". Findings -These entrepreneurs have the ability to overcome liability of foreignness, without integrating in the host society, and without becoming part of the local culture and the ability to engage both networks in the home country and in the host country to further the entrepreneurial venture in the host country. The paper poses that these foreign entrepreneurs will be more successful in China when using strategic alliances and that they will be more successful if they are able to leverage their foreignness temporarily and become liaisons and mediators between agents in the home and in the host country. Originality/value -If, as posed, these entrepreneurs will indeed be more successful in China when using alliances rather than WOFEs and if their unique capabilities enable them to become liaisons and mediators, this line of research can lead to guidelines for such entrepreneurs as well as for the Chinese Government. The paper expects that in the Chinese century, more entrepreneurs will be footloose and fancy-free and exploit opportunities in globally emerging markets and they will be in need of guidelines based on empirical research.
The Academy of …, Jan 1, 2008
The cultural distance metaphor dominates international management research, promoting a sterile, ... more The cultural distance metaphor dominates international management research, promoting a sterile, detached view where static antecedents in the form of artificially constructed differences serve as the dominant lens through which culture is viewed and its impact assessed. We examine culture and its positivist treatment in the foreign direct investment literature using the theoretical and real-world lenses. Adopting a social constructionist approach, we propose cultural friction as a substitute metaphor centered on the actual encounter of cultural systems within a context of power relations and potential conflict between a multinational enterprise and its host country constituencies.
MIR: Management International Review, Jan 1, 1997
Information & management, Jan 1, 1990
65 Research Group processes and the development of information systems A social psychological per... more 65 Research Group processes and the development of information systems A social psychological perspective Israel Borovits, Shmuel Ellis and Orly Yeheskel The Marcel and Annie Adams Institute for Business Management Information Systems, Faculty of Management, TelAviv ...
International Business Review, Jan 1, 2004
This paper examines activities performed by parent companies of IJVs and acquiring companies of I... more This paper examines activities performed by parent companies of IJVs and acquiring companies of IAs associated with the pre-incorporation and post-incorporation phases of both IJVs and IAs. The examination is based on the assumption that because these two organizational forms have different structures, as evidenced by the generic differences between them, appropriate activities for managing the pre-and post-incorporation phases of these FDI types will differ. As a result of this examination, the paper suggests that critical components of each stage for IJVs differ significantly from those of IAs, and that effectiveness of both IJVs and IAs is consequently related to differentiating successfully between the pre-and post-incorporation stages of these two business forms. #
![Research paper thumbnail of Cooperative Wealth Creation: Strategic Alliances in Israeli Medical-Technology Ventures [and Executive Commentary]](https://attachments.academia-assets.com/6475487/thumbnails/1.jpg)
](The Academy of …, Jan 1, 2001
During the last three decades. Israel has shown dramatic growth in technological startups, which ... more During the last three decades. Israel has shown dramatic growth in technological startups, which may be attributed to its human-resource base and its physical-structure support for high-tech entrepreneurial activity. Medical technology was targeted by Israeli firms because it was perceived to be attractive and global. Nevertheless, to acquire access to complementary technologies, to amass sufficient capital and marketing resources, and to compensate tor market-knowledge shortcomings, many of the firms adopted cooperative strategies. Our findings show that, overall, firms that have undertaken alliances marginally underperformed those that have not, suggesting that the benefits of alliances are counterweighed by their drawbacks. R&D alliances with a foreign firm outperformed alliances with a local partner; in contrast, production alliances involving another Israeli firm outperformed alliances with a foreign firm, except for cost. Foreign-partner alliances in marketing were superior to local alliances, but did not enhance survivability. Implications for strategic-alliance formation are discussed.
Journal of International …, Jan 1, 2001
Based upon existing literature and research findings, the relationships between functional and dy... more Based upon existing literature and research findings, the relationships between functional and dysfunctional parent company dissimilarity and equity international joint venture (EIJV) effectiveness are examined. Managers of potential EIJVs face a dilemma. While they want to work with partners that are similar, they need partners that are dissimilar in order to gain from collaborating. The findings of this research are important because they give managers some indications of which kinds of dissimilarities should be avoided because they are dysfunctional and which dissimilarities can be encouraged since they are functional. A cross-national study of 140 EIJVs shows that substantial differences in the primary industries of the parent companies contributed significantly to EIJV effectiveness, whereas substantial differences in the reputations of the parent companies detracted significantly from EIJV effectiveness. Also, cultural differences among the parent companies in individualism ±collectivism and in uncertainty avoidance produced a positive impact on EIJV effectiveness. With respect to differences in parent company goals, this study found a consistently negative (although not statistically significant) correlation with EIJV effectiveness. Functionality and dysfunctionality of differences in equity distribution, parent company size, and ownership type were 1075-4253/01/$ ± see front matter D 2001 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. PII: S 1 0 7 5 -4 2 5 3 ( 0 1 ) 0 0 0 3 9 -4 (O. Shenkar). Journal of International Management 7 (2001) 81 ± 104
International Business Review, Jan 1, 2003
Using a sample of 153 equity international joint ventures (IJVs) located in China, this paper exa... more Using a sample of 153 equity international joint ventures (IJVs) located in China, this paper examines when autonomy is correlated with IJV effectiveness. Correlations are strongest with respect to autonomy to implement (without power to formulate) strategic business plans. The ability to both formulate and implement strategic business plans is also associated with effectiveness, especially when evaluated by the IJV chief executive officers (CEOs). The autonomyeffectiveness relationship is stronger for IJVs that are older, larger, operating in heavy industry, or have parents with more similar goals. Strong autonomy-effectiveness correlations exist whether IJV CEOs or regional headquarters personnel evaluate their IJVs, although correlations are generally higher when IJV CEOs evaluate their IJVs.
The International Journal of Human …, Jan 1, 2004
... 0958519042000192898 Yoram Zeira, Orly Yeheskel & William Newburry pages 670-6... more ... 0958519042000192898 Yoram Zeira, Orly Yeheskel & William Newburry pages 670-687. ... Role theory (38. Kahn R Wolfe D Quinn R Snock J Rosenthal R 1964 Organizational Stress: Studies in Role Conflict and Ambiguity New York Wiley View all referencesKahn et al., 196439. ...
International Journal of Human Resource Studies, 2020
The disruption and chaos experienced by businesses and other organizations during the fourth indu... more The disruption and chaos experienced by businesses and other organizations during the fourth industrial revolution, which have intensified during the Corona epidemic, are creating major managerial challenges for executives and organizations, forcing them to operate in a volatile, uncertain. Such a situation requires a more sophisticated approach that includes swift and flexible managerial and response mechanisms, alongside mechanisms based on continuity and order, and the appropriate modifications to the managerial and organizational systems.The article presents perspectives and insights related to the question of how chaos, disruption and change are affecting managerial approaches in general and managerial control in particular.The traditional control systems were developed to manage continuous processes rather than the sudden and volatile events that characterize a chaotic environment. Sudden or unexpected events are in fact similar with respect to their control needs to project m...
Management International Review, 1997
* This paper presents some characteristics of 34 equity international joint ventures (EIJVs) loca... more * This paper presents some characteristics of 34 equity international joint ventures (EIJVs) located in Hungary and their parent companies which contribute to EIJV effectiveness. Application of HRM practices of the host culture, dissimilarities of parent industries, differences in Hofstede's masculinity index, EIJV operation according to clearly stated objectives, parent satisfaction with equity distribution as well as EIJV age contribute to effectiveness, whereas resource dependence is negatively correlated with effectiveness. * The paper also presents a model suggesting how effectiveness can be enhanced. Key Results * Based on the research findings, suggested characteristics for the foreign parents, the host parents and the EIJVS in Hungary are presented. Even prior to the disintegration of the Soviet Union in 1989, the Hungarian government was one of the most economically market-oriented of all the countries in the Soviet Union. As Kaikati (1992, pp. 213-214) notes, Hungary &...
The growing interest in creative industries research on the tension between the production of eco... more The growing interest in creative industries research on the tension between the production of economic value and the production of symbolic value and its application in art and culture management has provided an interesting identification of different dilemmas, but not the practices that CEOs of art and culture organizations use to deal with the dilemmas. Our analysis of in-depth interviews with CEOs of successful, longstanding art and culture organizations in Israel extends theory on art and culture management by highlighting a Three-to Tango management model. According to the CEOs, there are three basic functions that are essential to address the conflict between art and business: The Dreamer – held by the artistic director, the Doer – held by the business manager, and the Ambassador – held by the chair of the board of directors. The chair supports the CEO by facilitating a delicate tango for three with the CEO and the artistic director. Managers reported that their engagement in ...
This article uses the resource-based and internationalization theories to explain the export beha... more This article uses the resource-based and internationalization theories to explain the export behavior of Chinese entrepreneurial firms. Based on multi-year data on Chinese firms from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM), we show that contextualized resource-based theory can adequately explain some of the variation in export behavior among young Chinese firms. Exports by small Chinese firms are driven by the social and intellectual capital of the entrepreneur and their entrepreneurial proclivity, and the innovativeness/uniqueness of the product/offering.
Academy of Management Executive, 2001
Arkia Israel Airlines was established in 1949 by El AL Israel's national airline, and the His... more Arkia Israel Airlines was established in 1949 by El AL Israel's national airline, and the Histadrut Labor Federation, the biggest employees' union in Israel. The move was encouraged by the Israeli government to establish an air link between central Israel and the then southern outpost, Eilat. Initially, the company served as a domestic airline only, and engaged solely in aviation. In 1980, Arkia became the first state company in Israel to be privatized, its new owners being Kanaf Arkia and the company's employees. Arkia is presently owned by Knaiaim-Arkia Holdings Ltd. (75 percent), a company that is publicly traded on the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange, and by its employees (25 percent). Israel Borovich has been president and CEO of Arkia Israel Airlines since 1989. He has a B.Sc. in industrial engineering (1967), an M.Sc. in industrial engineering (1968), and a Ph.D. in operations research (1970). A professor of computers and information systems at the Faculty of Management, Tel Aviv University, he has conduct...
Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy, 2013
Purpose – At the beginning of the twenty-first century, the paper is witnessing a new phenomenon ... more Purpose – At the beginning of the twenty-first century, the paper is witnessing a new phenomenon of international entrepreneurship; skilled entrepreneurs from developed countries are temporarily moving to emerging economies in order to pursue business opportunities. While anecdotal evidence exists, very little theoretical development has taken place so far to explain to this phenomenon. The paper presents two short cases based on such anecdotal evidence. These cases form the basis for the development of a conceptual framework which entails a profile of entrepreneurs who have the ability to establish and operate new business ventures in an emerging economy which is characterized by a high psychic distance. Design/methodology/approach – Using Siu's work on immigrant laborers, the paper suggests that skilled, professional entrepreneurs from Israel, who seek business opportunities in China, have a profile that differs from typical immigrant entrepreneurs described in literature and ...
International Studies of Management and Organization, 2009
This study analyzes the relationships between organizational structure—namely, formalization, cen... more This study analyzes the relationships between organizational structure—namely, formalization, centralization, management style, and team solidarity—and the performance of technology start-ups (TSUs) in Israel. Employing a sample of 101 TSUs in Israel, the findings of regression analyses show that formalization, solidarity, and a laissez-faire management style can serve as predictors of TSU performance, controlling for TSU age, size, and industry. The research also reveals that the relationship between the level of formalization and TSU performance is nonlinear, with a negative slope at low and high levels of formalization. The laissez-faire style of management had the strongest positive effect on performance relative to other styles. These results point to dual managerial needs of the young TSU, seeking innovation and autonomy on the one hand, and needing some stable order on the other. The results of this study have the potential for wide generalization to TSUs in other countries and contexts.
European Management Journal, 2011
In this longitudinal study we examine how core changes, dwindling membership and ideological embe... more In this longitudinal study we examine how core changes, dwindling membership and ideological embeddedness, lead to financial distress in a unique organizational setting: declining Israeli kibbutzim. We analyze six years of core changes and their effects on financial distress for 102 Israeli kibbutzim. The research is based on an organizational macro-temporal dataset where the same 40 changes were measured concurrently and consecutively in 270 kibbutzim. These changes range from incremental or tectonic, to radical, and cover a range of organizational facets. Results indicate that turnaround measures, including radical transformation of governance and remuneration policies, serve only to exacerbate rather than alleviate financial distress. Stronger ideological embeddedness was also found to aggravate financial distress.
EuroMed Journal of Business, 2009
PurposeAs an interdisciplinary, integrative field, international business exchanges knowledge wit... more PurposeAs an interdisciplinary, integrative field, international business exchanges knowledge with other academic areas. The inflow of theories, models, constructs and empirical findings infuses the field's theoretical and methodological base, while outflow represents impact on other academic areas. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the knowledge flows into and from international business, using journal citation counts as the primary indicator.Design/methodology/approachFollowing Salancik, the paper opted to use an index of structural influence over the Social Science Citation Index (SSCI) impact factor, focusing on the sub‐area of management. It analyzed cross‐citations between the Journal of International Business Studies (JIBS) and a group of the leading management journals over a 13‐year period.FindingsUsing cross citations method, JIBS was found to be a net importer, especially from strategy; however in the most recent period the journal has become a net knowledge...
ijb.cgpublisher.com
This paper examines the level of interest in entrepreneurship among college undergraduate student... more This paper examines the level of interest in entrepreneurship among college undergraduate students from different ethnic backgrounds in Israel based on a survey conducted in 2009. The results show significant differences of the intensity of entrepreneurial intentions between ...
[1989] Proceedings of the Twenty-Second Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. Volume IV: Emerging Technologies and Applications Track
The development of a strategic information systems planning for the national public health servic... more The development of a strategic information systems planning for the national public health services in Israel is described. The organization involved provides health insurance and health services to its members. The organizational environment is complex and dynamic, and it is characterized by a competition from recently established similar organizations. As a result of these conditions management has recognized the importance
Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy, 2013
Purpose -At the beginning of the twenty-first century, the paper is witnessing a new phenomenon o... more Purpose -At the beginning of the twenty-first century, the paper is witnessing a new phenomenon of international entrepreneurship; skilled entrepreneurs from developed countries are temporarily moving to emerging economies in order to pursue business opportunities. While anecdotal evidence exists, very little theoretical development has taken place so far to explain to this phenomenon. The paper presents two short cases based on such anecdotal evidence. These cases form the basis for the development of a conceptual framework which entails a profile of entrepreneurs who have the ability to establish and operate new business ventures in an emerging economy which is characterized by a high psychic distance. Design/methodology/approach -Using Siu's work on immigrant laborers, the paper suggests that skilled, professional entrepreneurs from Israel, who seek business opportunities in China, have a profile that differs from typical immigrant entrepreneurs described in literature and is closer to the immigrant laborers described by Siu and the paper suggests therefore naming them "sojourning entrepreneurs". Findings -These entrepreneurs have the ability to overcome liability of foreignness, without integrating in the host society, and without becoming part of the local culture and the ability to engage both networks in the home country and in the host country to further the entrepreneurial venture in the host country. The paper poses that these foreign entrepreneurs will be more successful in China when using strategic alliances and that they will be more successful if they are able to leverage their foreignness temporarily and become liaisons and mediators between agents in the home and in the host country. Originality/value -If, as posed, these entrepreneurs will indeed be more successful in China when using alliances rather than WOFEs and if their unique capabilities enable them to become liaisons and mediators, this line of research can lead to guidelines for such entrepreneurs as well as for the Chinese Government. The paper expects that in the Chinese century, more entrepreneurs will be footloose and fancy-free and exploit opportunities in globally emerging markets and they will be in need of guidelines based on empirical research.
The Academy of …, Jan 1, 2008
The cultural distance metaphor dominates international management research, promoting a sterile, ... more The cultural distance metaphor dominates international management research, promoting a sterile, detached view where static antecedents in the form of artificially constructed differences serve as the dominant lens through which culture is viewed and its impact assessed. We examine culture and its positivist treatment in the foreign direct investment literature using the theoretical and real-world lenses. Adopting a social constructionist approach, we propose cultural friction as a substitute metaphor centered on the actual encounter of cultural systems within a context of power relations and potential conflict between a multinational enterprise and its host country constituencies.
MIR: Management International Review, Jan 1, 1997
Information & management, Jan 1, 1990
65 Research Group processes and the development of information systems A social psychological per... more 65 Research Group processes and the development of information systems A social psychological perspective Israel Borovits, Shmuel Ellis and Orly Yeheskel The Marcel and Annie Adams Institute for Business Management Information Systems, Faculty of Management, TelAviv ...
International Business Review, Jan 1, 2004
This paper examines activities performed by parent companies of IJVs and acquiring companies of I... more This paper examines activities performed by parent companies of IJVs and acquiring companies of IAs associated with the pre-incorporation and post-incorporation phases of both IJVs and IAs. The examination is based on the assumption that because these two organizational forms have different structures, as evidenced by the generic differences between them, appropriate activities for managing the pre-and post-incorporation phases of these FDI types will differ. As a result of this examination, the paper suggests that critical components of each stage for IJVs differ significantly from those of IAs, and that effectiveness of both IJVs and IAs is consequently related to differentiating successfully between the pre-and post-incorporation stages of these two business forms. #
The Academy of …, Jan 1, 2001
During the last three decades. Israel has shown dramatic growth in technological startups, which ... more During the last three decades. Israel has shown dramatic growth in technological startups, which may be attributed to its human-resource base and its physical-structure support for high-tech entrepreneurial activity. Medical technology was targeted by Israeli firms because it was perceived to be attractive and global. Nevertheless, to acquire access to complementary technologies, to amass sufficient capital and marketing resources, and to compensate tor market-knowledge shortcomings, many of the firms adopted cooperative strategies. Our findings show that, overall, firms that have undertaken alliances marginally underperformed those that have not, suggesting that the benefits of alliances are counterweighed by their drawbacks. R&D alliances with a foreign firm outperformed alliances with a local partner; in contrast, production alliances involving another Israeli firm outperformed alliances with a foreign firm, except for cost. Foreign-partner alliances in marketing were superior to local alliances, but did not enhance survivability. Implications for strategic-alliance formation are discussed.
Journal of International …, Jan 1, 2001
Based upon existing literature and research findings, the relationships between functional and dy... more Based upon existing literature and research findings, the relationships between functional and dysfunctional parent company dissimilarity and equity international joint venture (EIJV) effectiveness are examined. Managers of potential EIJVs face a dilemma. While they want to work with partners that are similar, they need partners that are dissimilar in order to gain from collaborating. The findings of this research are important because they give managers some indications of which kinds of dissimilarities should be avoided because they are dysfunctional and which dissimilarities can be encouraged since they are functional. A cross-national study of 140 EIJVs shows that substantial differences in the primary industries of the parent companies contributed significantly to EIJV effectiveness, whereas substantial differences in the reputations of the parent companies detracted significantly from EIJV effectiveness. Also, cultural differences among the parent companies in individualism ±collectivism and in uncertainty avoidance produced a positive impact on EIJV effectiveness. With respect to differences in parent company goals, this study found a consistently negative (although not statistically significant) correlation with EIJV effectiveness. Functionality and dysfunctionality of differences in equity distribution, parent company size, and ownership type were 1075-4253/01/$ ± see front matter D 2001 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. PII: S 1 0 7 5 -4 2 5 3 ( 0 1 ) 0 0 0 3 9 -4 (O. Shenkar). Journal of International Management 7 (2001) 81 ± 104
International Business Review, Jan 1, 2003
Using a sample of 153 equity international joint ventures (IJVs) located in China, this paper exa... more Using a sample of 153 equity international joint ventures (IJVs) located in China, this paper examines when autonomy is correlated with IJV effectiveness. Correlations are strongest with respect to autonomy to implement (without power to formulate) strategic business plans. The ability to both formulate and implement strategic business plans is also associated with effectiveness, especially when evaluated by the IJV chief executive officers (CEOs). The autonomyeffectiveness relationship is stronger for IJVs that are older, larger, operating in heavy industry, or have parents with more similar goals. Strong autonomy-effectiveness correlations exist whether IJV CEOs or regional headquarters personnel evaluate their IJVs, although correlations are generally higher when IJV CEOs evaluate their IJVs.
The International Journal of Human …, Jan 1, 2004
... 0958519042000192898 Yoram Zeira, Orly Yeheskel & William Newburry pages 670-6... more ... 0958519042000192898 Yoram Zeira, Orly Yeheskel & William Newburry pages 670-687. ... Role theory (38. Kahn R Wolfe D Quinn R Snock J Rosenthal R 1964 Organizational Stress: Studies in Role Conflict and Ambiguity New York Wiley View all referencesKahn et al., 196439. ...